metal-organic compounds
A two-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid compound, poly[(ethylenediamine)tri-μ-oxido-oxidocopper(II)molybdenum(VI)]
aIzmir Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Izmir 35430, Turkey, and bDepartment of Chemistry, Clemson University, Hunter Research Laboratory, Clemson, SC 29634-0973, USA
*Correspondence e-mail: mehtapemirdag@iyte.edu.tr
A new organic–inorganic two-dimensional hybrid compound, [CuMoO4(C2H8N2)], has been hydrothermally synthesized at 443 K. The contains layers composed of CuN2O4 octahedra and MoO4 tetrahedra. Corner-sharing MoO4 and CuN2O4 polyhedra form CuMoO4 bimetallic sites that are joined together through O atoms, forming an edge-sharing Cu2Mo2O4 chain along the c axis. The one-dimensional chains are further linked through bridging O atoms that join the Cu and Mo atoms into respective chains along the b axis, thus establishing layers in the bc plane. The ethylenediamine ligand is coordinated to the Cu atom through its two N atoms and is oriented perpendicularly to the two-dimensional –Cu—O—Mo– layers. The average distance between adjacent layers, as calculated by consideration of the closest and furthest distances between two layers, is 8.7 Å. The oxidation states of the Mo and Cu atoms of VI and II, respectively, were confirmed by bond-valence sum calculations.
Related literature
For related literature on inorganic–organic hybrid materials, see: Gopalakrishnan (1995); Katsoulis (1998); Kresge et al. (1992). For related structures containing molybdate(VI) units, see: Cui et al. (2005); Niven et al. (1991). For the thermal behaviour of a related ethylenediamine-containing compound, see: Han et al. (2005). For general background, see: Brown & Altermatt (1985).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Refinement
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Data collection: CrystalClear (Rigaku/MSC, 2001); cell CrystalClear; data reduction: CrystalClear; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXTL; molecular graphics: SHELXTL software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL.
Supporting information
10.1107/S160053680802792X/wm2192sup1.cif
contains datablocks global, I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S160053680802792X/wm2192Isup2.hkl
Compound (I) was synthesized via a hydrothermal reaction procedure. The following reagents were used as obtained; Na2MoO4.2H2O (Carlo Erba, 99.5%), CuCl2.2H2O (Sigma, 99.6%), NaCl (Merck, >99%), and en (Merck, >99%). A mixture of Na2MoO4.2H2O (0.2420 g, 1 mmol), CuCl2.2H2O (0.3410 g, 2 mmol), NaCl (0.0585 g, 1 mmol), en (0.2 ml, 3 mmol) and water (9 ml, 500 mmol) in a molar ratio of 1:2:1:3:500, was loaded into a 23 ml Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave and heated at 443 K for 72 h. After slow cooling to room temperature, blue crystals with columnar habit of the title compound were recovered in a 90% yield by suction filtration and washed with water and acetone.
H atoms were placed in idealised positions and refined in the riding model approximation with a C—H distance of 0.96 Å and Uiso(H) = 1.2× Ueq(C), and with a N—H distance of 0.90 Å and Uiso(H) = 1.2× Ueq(N), respectively.
Data collection: CrystalClear (Rigaku/MSC, 2001); cell
CrystalClear (Rigaku/MSC, 2001); data reduction: CrystalClear (Rigaku/MSC, 2001); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).[CuMoO4(C2H8N2)] | F(000) = 548 |
Mr = 283.58 | Dx = 2.743 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: -P 2ybc | Cell parameters from 4208 reflections |
a = 9.954 (4) Å | θ = 2.2–26.0° |
b = 9.436 (4) Å | µ = 4.88 mm−1 |
c = 7.674 (3) Å | T = 303 K |
β = 107.734 (18)° | Column, blue |
V = 686.6 (5) Å3 | 0.41 × 0.06 × 0.02 mm |
Z = 4 |
Rigaku Mercury CCD diffractometer | 1209 independent reflections |
Radiation source: Sealed Tube | 1098 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite Monochromator monochromator | Rint = 0.089 |
Detector resolution: 14.6199 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 25.0°, θmin = 3.1° |
ω–scans | h = −11→11 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (REQAB; Jacobson, 1998) | k = −11→11 |
Tmin = 0.678, Tmax = 1.000 | l = −8→9 |
5616 measured reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.063 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.111 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.10 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0154P)2 + 14.9224P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
1209 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
91 parameters | Δρmax = 0.79 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.92 e Å−3 |
[CuMoO4(C2H8N2)] | V = 686.6 (5) Å3 |
Mr = 283.58 | Z = 4 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 9.954 (4) Å | µ = 4.88 mm−1 |
b = 9.436 (4) Å | T = 303 K |
c = 7.674 (3) Å | 0.41 × 0.06 × 0.02 mm |
β = 107.734 (18)° |
Rigaku Mercury CCD diffractometer | 1209 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (REQAB; Jacobson, 1998) | 1098 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.678, Tmax = 1.000 | Rint = 0.089 |
5616 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.063 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.111 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.10 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0154P)2 + 14.9224P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
1209 reflections | Δρmax = 0.79 e Å−3 |
91 parameters | Δρmin = −0.92 e Å−3 |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
Mo1 | 0.16945 (9) | 0.89946 (9) | 0.21937 (11) | 0.0186 (3) | |
Cu2 | −0.12230 (13) | 1.03150 (13) | 0.30706 (17) | 0.0205 (4) | |
N1 | −0.1618 (9) | 0.8217 (9) | 0.3090 (11) | 0.0226 (19) | |
H1A | −0.1479 | 0.7798 | 0.2106 | 0.027* | |
H1B | −0.1035 | 0.7815 | 0.4103 | 0.027* | |
O1 | 0.0784 (7) | 1.0015 (7) | 0.3471 (9) | 0.0212 (15) | |
N2 | −0.3317 (9) | 1.0540 (10) | 0.2586 (11) | 0.025 (2) | |
H2A | −0.3505 | 1.0774 | 0.3625 | 0.030* | |
H2B | −0.3651 | 1.1230 | 0.1758 | 0.030* | |
O2 | 0.3401 (7) | 0.8692 (8) | 0.3611 (10) | 0.0299 (18) | |
O3 | 0.1771 (9) | 0.9921 (8) | 0.0266 (10) | 0.036 (2) | |
O4 | 0.0827 (7) | 0.7333 (7) | 0.1511 (10) | 0.0258 (16) | |
C2 | −0.3985 (10) | 0.9178 (11) | 0.1886 (14) | 0.024 (2) | |
H2C | −0.4021 | 0.9054 | 0.0630 | 0.029* | |
H2D | −0.4930 | 0.9145 | 0.1962 | 0.029* | |
C1 | −0.3096 (11) | 0.8039 (12) | 0.3058 (16) | 0.031 (3) | |
H1C | −0.3159 | 0.8100 | 0.4279 | 0.038* | |
H1D | −0.3433 | 0.7123 | 0.2573 | 0.0387* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
Mo1 | 0.0228 (5) | 0.0186 (4) | 0.0169 (4) | −0.0027 (4) | 0.0104 (3) | −0.0023 (4) |
Cu2 | 0.0204 (7) | 0.0178 (6) | 0.0233 (7) | 0.0005 (5) | 0.0074 (5) | 0.0011 (5) |
N1 | 0.022 (5) | 0.027 (5) | 0.019 (4) | −0.001 (4) | 0.007 (4) | 0.003 (4) |
O1 | 0.025 (4) | 0.022 (4) | 0.018 (4) | 0.003 (3) | 0.009 (3) | −0.004 (3) |
N2 | 0.025 (5) | 0.036 (5) | 0.015 (4) | −0.003 (4) | 0.008 (4) | −0.004 (4) |
O2 | 0.018 (4) | 0.037 (5) | 0.033 (4) | −0.001 (3) | 0.006 (3) | −0.011 (4) |
O3 | 0.055 (5) | 0.035 (5) | 0.023 (4) | −0.012 (4) | 0.022 (4) | −0.003 (4) |
O4 | 0.026 (4) | 0.022 (4) | 0.026 (4) | −0.006 (3) | 0.005 (3) | −0.003 (3) |
C2 | 0.012 (5) | 0.033 (6) | 0.030 (6) | −0.005 (4) | 0.008 (4) | 0.000 (5) |
C1 | 0.026 (6) | 0.036 (7) | 0.034 (6) | 0.001 (5) | 0.014 (5) | 0.013 (5) |
Mo1—O2 | 1.739 (7) | N1—H1A | 0.9000 |
Mo1—O3 | 1.740 (7) | N1—H1B | 0.9000 |
Mo1—O4 | 1.789 (7) | N2—C2 | 1.471 (13) |
Mo1—O1 | 1.803 (6) | N2—H2A | 0.9000 |
Cu2—O1 | 1.947 (7) | N2—H2B | 0.9000 |
Cu2—O4i | 1.951 (7) | O4—Cu2iv | 1.951 (7) |
Cu2—O1Aii | 2.574 (7) | C2—C1 | 1.505 (15) |
Cu2—O3Aiii | 2.460 (7) | C2—H2C | 0.9600 |
Cu2—N2 | 2.014 (8) | C2—H2D | 0.9600 |
Cu2—N1 | 2.020 (9) | C1—H1C | 0.9600 |
N1—C1 | 1.473 (13) | C1—H1D | 0.9600 |
O2—Mo1—O3 | 109.1 (4) | C2—N2—Cu2 | 107.6 (6) |
O2—Mo1—O4 | 109.4 (3) | C2—N2—H2A | 110.2 |
O3—Mo1—O4 | 109.5 (3) | Cu2—N2—H2A | 110.2 |
O2—Mo1—O1 | 107.8 (3) | C2—N2—H2B | 110.2 |
O3—Mo1—O1 | 110.7 (3) | Cu2—N2—H2B | 110.2 |
O4—Mo1—O1 | 110.4 (3) | H2A—N2—H2B | 108.5 |
O1—Cu2—O4i | 88.3 (3) | Mo1—O4—Cu2iv | 138.7 (4) |
O1—Cu2—N2 | 177.3 (3) | N2—C2—C1 | 106.7 (9) |
O4i—Cu2—N2 | 94.2 (3) | N2—C2—H2C | 110.4 |
O1—Cu2—N1 | 92.8 (3) | C1—C2—H2C | 110.4 |
O4i—Cu2—N1 | 170.2 (3) | N2—C2—H2D | 110.4 |
N2—Cu2—N1 | 84.9 (3) | C1—C2—H2D | 110.4 |
C1—N1—Cu2 | 107.9 (6) | H2C—C2—H2D | 108.6 |
C1—N1—H1A | 110.1 | N1—C1—C2 | 109.3 (8) |
Cu2—N1—H1A | 110.1 | N1—C1—H1C | 109.8 |
C1—N1—H1B | 110.1 | C2—C1—H1C | 109.8 |
Cu2—N1—H1B | 110.1 | N1—C1—H1D | 109.8 |
H1A—N1—H1B | 108.4 | C2—C1—H1D | 109.8 |
Mo1—O1—Cu2 | 130.8 (4) | H1C—C1—H1D | 108.3 |
O1—Cu2—N1—C1 | 172.4 (6) | O4i—Cu2—N2—C2 | 170.1 (6) |
O4i—Cu2—N1—C1 | 76 (2) | N1—Cu2—N2—C2 | −19.7 (6) |
N2—Cu2—N1—C1 | −9.1 (7) | O2—Mo1—O4—Cu2iv | 1.6 (7) |
O2—Mo1—O1—Cu2 | −161.3 (5) | O3—Mo1—O4—Cu2iv | 121.0 (6) |
O3—Mo1—O1—Cu2 | 79.4 (5) | O1—Mo1—O4—Cu2iv | −116.8 (6) |
O4—Mo1—O1—Cu2 | −42.0 (6) | Cu2—N2—C2—C1 | 43.7 (9) |
O4i—Cu2—O1—Mo1 | −133.4 (5) | Cu2—N1—C1—C2 | 36.0 (10) |
N1—Cu2—O1—Mo1 | 56.3 (5) | N2—C2—C1—N1 | −53.4 (11) |
O1—Cu2—N2—C2 | 14 (7) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x, y+1/2, −z+1/2; (ii) −x, −y+2, −z+1; (iii) −x, −y+2, −z; (iv) −x, y−1/2, −z+1/2. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | [CuMoO4(C2H8N2)] |
Mr | 283.58 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, P21/c |
Temperature (K) | 303 |
a, b, c (Å) | 9.954 (4), 9.436 (4), 7.674 (3) |
β (°) | 107.734 (18) |
V (Å3) | 686.6 (5) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 4.88 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.41 × 0.06 × 0.02 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Rigaku Mercury CCD diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (REQAB; Jacobson, 1998) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.678, 1.000 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 5616, 1209, 1098 |
Rint | 0.089 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.594 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.063, 0.111, 1.10 |
No. of reflections | 1209 |
No. of parameters | 91 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0154P)2 + 14.9224P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 | |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.79, −0.92 |
Computer programs: CrystalClear (Rigaku/MSC, 2001), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).
Mo1—O2 | 1.739 (7) | Cu2—O4i | 1.951 (7) |
Mo1—O3 | 1.740 (7) | Cu2—O1Aii | 2.574 (7) |
Mo1—O4 | 1.789 (7) | Cu2—O3Aiii | 2.460 (7) |
Mo1—O1 | 1.803 (6) | Cu2—N2 | 2.014 (8) |
Cu2—O1 | 1.947 (7) | Cu2—N1 | 2.020 (9) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x, y+1/2, −z+1/2; (ii) −x, −y+2, −z+1; (iii) −x, −y+2, −z. |
Acknowledgements
We are indebted to TÜBITAK (TBAG-2160) and L'Oreal Türkiye for support of this work.
References
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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are cited.
The synthesis and characterization of organic inorganic solid state hybrid materials has attracted great attention due to their structural diversity (Kresge et al., 1992) and widely promising potential applications in chemistry, biology and material science (Katsoulis, 1998). Recent studies have shown that hydrothermal synthesis at low temperature and pressure provides a powerful tool for the synthesis of organic inorganic hybrid materials (Gopalakrishnan, 1995).
The unit cell of the title compound, (I), [Cu(en)MoO4] (en = ethylenediamine), contains layers composed of distorted CuN2O4 octahedra and MoO4 tetrahedra. The coordination environment of the Cu atom comprises two nitrogen atoms (N1 and N2) from the ethylenediamine ligand with Cu—N distances of 2.020 (9) and 2.014 (8) Å, and four bridging oxygen atoms from four adjacent MoO4 tetrahedra with Cu—O distances in the range 1.947 (7) to 2.574 (7) Å (Fig. 1), representing the usual Jahn-Teller distorted coordination.
The Mo atom is coordinated by one terminal oxygen atom (O2) with a distance of 1.739 (7) Å that is indicative of a double bond (Cui et al., 2005) and comparable to other molybdate complexes (Niven et al., 1991). The Mo centre also has two µ2 bridging O atoms (O1 and O4), as well as a µ3 bridging O atom (O1) with Mo—O bond lengths between 1.739 (7) and 1.803 (6) Å. Corner-sharing MoO4 and CuN2O4 polyhedra form CuMoO4 bimetallic sites, and the CuMoO4 groups are joined together through the O1 atoms forming an edge-sharing Cu2Mo2O4 chain along the c axis (Fig. 2). The one-dimensional chains are linked through bridging O4 atoms, that bind the Cu and Mo atoms in the respective chains along the b axis, to establish layers in the bc-plane. The en ligand is coordinated to the copper atom through its two nitrogen atoms and is oriented perpendicularly to the two-dimensional –Cu—O—Mo- layers (Fig. 3). The average distance between two layers, as calculated under consideration of the closest and furthest distances between two adjacent layers, is 8.7 Å.
The +VI oxidation state of the Mo atoms and the +II oxidation state of the Cu atoms were confirmed by bond valence sum calculations (Brown & Altermatt, 1985). The calculated bond valence values for the Mo and Cu atoms are 5.86 and 1.94 Å, respectively.
The thermal behaviour of the title compound was studied in the range 298–923 K under nitrogen atmosphere, demonstrating that the compound is stable up to 468 K. The TG curve exhibits two steps of weight loss. While the first weight loss is 14.61% in the temperature range 468 to 513 K, the second is 6.78% between 513 to 723 K. The total weight loss from 468 to 723 K thus becomes 21.39%, corresponding to the removal of an ethylenediamine group in agreement with the calculated value of 21.15%. These results are comparable to the thermal behaviour of the related compound [Cd(en)3]MoO4 (Han et al., 2005).