organic compounds
2-(1,3-Dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)ethyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate
aDepartment of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
*Correspondence e-mail: jazubiet@syr.edu
In the title molecule, C17H15NO5S, the dihedral angle between the essentially planar atoms of the tosyl moiety (the S atom and the seven tolyl C atoms) and the phthalimide moiety is 6.089 (3)°. The molecule is folded about the ethylene bridge, adopting a such that the benzene ring of the tosyl group and the five-membered ring of the phthalimide moiety have a face-to-face orientation with a centroid-to-centroid separation of 3.7454 (12) Å. The is stabilized by weak intermolecular π–π interactions between symmetry-related five-membered rings of the phthalimide groups, with a centroid-to-centroid distance of 3.3867 (11) Å. The compound is used for the attachment of a suitable chelate functionality for radiolabeling purposes.
Related literature
For general background, see: Eriksson et al. (2002); Arner & Eriksson (1995); Bello (1974); Wei et al. (2005); Welin et al. (2004). For reference bond distances, see: Allen et al. (1987).
Experimental
Crystal data
|
Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 2007); cell SAINT (Bruker, 2007); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: CrystalMaker (Palmer, 2006); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).
Supporting information
10.1107/S1600536808037951/lh2734sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536808037951/lh2734Isup2.hkl
8.00 g (41.84 mmol) N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)phthalimide were dissolved in 80 ml anhydrous pyridine under an inert atmosphere followed by a dropwise addition of 11.97 g (62.76 mmol, 1.5 equiv.) p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride in 80 ml anhydrous pyridine. After the addition was completed, the reaction mixture was stirred for additional 16 h. The reaction was quenched by the addition of ice. The crude reaction mixture was poured into an ice/water mixture resulting in a white precipitate which was extracted with 3 × 80 ml chloroform. The combined organic layers were washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (150 ml) and twice with water, dried over anhydrous MgSO4, and finally evaporated to dryness. The product was obtained in good yields as a colourless amorphous powder (12.99 g, 90%). Single crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction were obtained by dissolving the product in an ethylacetate/methanol mixture 20:1 and storing the solution at 273 K for several days. 1H NMR (d6-DMSO): δ = 2.19 (s, 3 H), 3.80 (t, J = 4.91 Hz, 2 H), 4.28 (t, J = 4.95 Hz, 2 H), 7.15 (d, J = 7.98 Hz, 2 H), 7.55 (d, J = 8.25 Hz, 2 H), 7.55–7.83 (m, 4 H) p.p.m.. IR: ν = 3466, 3063, 2970, 2942, 1773, 1756, 1711, 1614, 1594, 1463, 1428, 1392, 1355, 1320, 1190, 176, 1119, 1093, 1041, 992, 913, 859, 811, 796, 768, 722, 704, 693, 668, 578, 552, 526, 493 cm-1.
H atoms were placed in calculated positions with C—H = 0.95–0.99 Å and included in the riding-model approximation with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C) or 1.5Ueq(C) for methyl H atoms.
Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 2007); cell
SAINT (Bruker, 2007); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2007); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: CrystalMaker (Palmer, 2006); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).C17H15NO5S | F(000) = 1440 |
Mr = 345.36 | Dx = 1.446 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, C2/c | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: -C2yc | Cell parameters from 9534 reflections |
a = 13.6817 (13) Å | θ = 2.2–28.3° |
b = 12.5642 (12) Å | µ = 0.23 mm−1 |
c = 19.3194 (19) Å | T = 90 K |
β = 107.121 (2)° | Block, colourless |
V = 3173.8 (5) Å3 | 0.40 × 0.35 × 0.30 mm |
Z = 8 |
Bruker APEX CCD area-detector diffractometer | 3865 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 3773 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.020 |
Detector resolution: 512 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 28.1°, θmin = 2.2° |
ϕ and ω scans | h = −18→18 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS in SHELXL97; Sheldrick, 2008) | k = −16→16 |
Tmin = 0.913, Tmax = 0.934 | l = −25→25 |
16184 measured reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.052 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.122 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.25 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0413P)2 + 6.2623P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
3865 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
218 parameters | Δρmax = 0.48 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.41 e Å−3 |
C17H15NO5S | V = 3173.8 (5) Å3 |
Mr = 345.36 | Z = 8 |
Monoclinic, C2/c | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 13.6817 (13) Å | µ = 0.23 mm−1 |
b = 12.5642 (12) Å | T = 90 K |
c = 19.3194 (19) Å | 0.40 × 0.35 × 0.30 mm |
β = 107.121 (2)° |
Bruker APEX CCD area-detector diffractometer | 3865 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS in SHELXL97; Sheldrick, 2008) | 3773 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.913, Tmax = 0.934 | Rint = 0.020 |
16184 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.052 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.122 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.25 | Δρmax = 0.48 e Å−3 |
3865 reflections | Δρmin = −0.41 e Å−3 |
218 parameters |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
S1 | 0.24768 (3) | −0.05689 (4) | 1.04905 (2) | 0.01844 (13) | |
O1 | 0.27012 (11) | −0.16681 (11) | 1.06516 (7) | 0.0245 (3) | |
O2 | 0.26255 (12) | 0.01842 (12) | 1.10672 (7) | 0.0269 (3) | |
O3 | 0.13136 (10) | −0.04377 (10) | 1.00548 (7) | 0.0195 (3) | |
O4 | 0.12124 (10) | −0.09920 (11) | 0.78928 (7) | 0.0214 (3) | |
O5 | 0.01573 (11) | 0.16581 (11) | 0.91348 (8) | 0.0270 (3) | |
N1 | 0.05468 (11) | 0.01454 (12) | 0.85773 (8) | 0.0179 (3) | |
C1 | 0.31279 (13) | −0.01266 (16) | 0.98842 (10) | 0.0193 (4) | |
C2 | 0.35460 (15) | −0.08611 (17) | 0.95184 (11) | 0.0243 (4) | |
H2 | 0.3486 | −0.1603 | 0.9592 | 0.029* | |
C3 | 0.40571 (15) | −0.04904 (19) | 0.90397 (11) | 0.0287 (4) | |
H3 | 0.4350 | −0.0988 | 0.8788 | 0.034* | |
C4 | 0.41464 (15) | 0.0590 (2) | 0.89231 (11) | 0.0294 (5) | |
C5 | 0.46884 (19) | 0.0980 (2) | 0.83979 (13) | 0.0425 (6) | |
H5A | 0.5003 | 0.0376 | 0.8223 | 0.064* | |
H5B | 0.5220 | 0.1491 | 0.8641 | 0.064* | |
H5C | 0.4196 | 0.1328 | 0.7987 | 0.064* | |
C6 | 0.37176 (16) | 0.13104 (18) | 0.93012 (12) | 0.0286 (4) | |
H6 | 0.3773 | 0.2052 | 0.9226 | 0.034* | |
C7 | 0.32129 (15) | 0.09635 (16) | 0.97844 (11) | 0.0236 (4) | |
H7 | 0.2930 | 0.1460 | 1.0043 | 0.028* | |
C8 | 0.10819 (13) | −0.01011 (15) | 0.80845 (9) | 0.0169 (3) | |
C9 | 0.14229 (13) | 0.09383 (15) | 0.78653 (9) | 0.0180 (3) | |
C10 | 0.19546 (15) | 0.11612 (16) | 0.73773 (10) | 0.0218 (4) | |
H10 | 0.2158 | 0.0612 | 0.7111 | 0.026* | |
C11 | 0.21815 (16) | 0.22272 (17) | 0.72909 (11) | 0.0270 (4) | |
H11 | 0.2547 | 0.2410 | 0.6959 | 0.032* | |
C12 | 0.18807 (17) | 0.30273 (17) | 0.76836 (11) | 0.0276 (4) | |
H12 | 0.2055 | 0.3745 | 0.7620 | 0.033* | |
C13 | 0.13283 (15) | 0.27955 (16) | 0.81683 (10) | 0.0232 (4) | |
H13 | 0.1115 | 0.3341 | 0.8432 | 0.028* | |
C14 | 0.11061 (13) | 0.17402 (15) | 0.82475 (9) | 0.0182 (3) | |
C15 | 0.05463 (14) | 0.12411 (14) | 0.87179 (10) | 0.0186 (4) | |
C16 | 0.00646 (14) | −0.06579 (15) | 0.89112 (10) | 0.0191 (4) | |
H16A | −0.0302 | −0.1175 | 0.8538 | 0.023* | |
H16B | −0.0443 | −0.0312 | 0.9112 | 0.023* | |
C17 | 0.08415 (14) | −0.12402 (14) | 0.95089 (10) | 0.0191 (4) | |
H17A | 0.0505 | −0.1797 | 0.9720 | 0.023* | |
H17B | 0.1364 | −0.1581 | 0.9320 | 0.023* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
S1 | 0.0222 (2) | 0.0191 (2) | 0.0151 (2) | −0.00308 (16) | 0.00727 (16) | −0.00143 (16) |
O1 | 0.0290 (7) | 0.0227 (7) | 0.0213 (7) | −0.0010 (6) | 0.0067 (5) | 0.0018 (5) |
O2 | 0.0362 (8) | 0.0282 (7) | 0.0185 (6) | −0.0083 (6) | 0.0113 (6) | −0.0065 (6) |
O3 | 0.0209 (6) | 0.0188 (6) | 0.0209 (6) | −0.0023 (5) | 0.0095 (5) | −0.0037 (5) |
O4 | 0.0227 (7) | 0.0198 (6) | 0.0233 (6) | 0.0022 (5) | 0.0094 (5) | −0.0020 (5) |
O5 | 0.0325 (8) | 0.0237 (7) | 0.0304 (7) | 0.0001 (6) | 0.0180 (6) | −0.0042 (6) |
N1 | 0.0182 (7) | 0.0181 (7) | 0.0191 (7) | 0.0008 (6) | 0.0083 (6) | 0.0005 (6) |
C1 | 0.0169 (8) | 0.0260 (9) | 0.0151 (8) | −0.0037 (7) | 0.0048 (6) | 0.0001 (7) |
C2 | 0.0222 (9) | 0.0288 (10) | 0.0223 (9) | −0.0010 (8) | 0.0071 (7) | −0.0032 (8) |
C3 | 0.0201 (9) | 0.0450 (13) | 0.0220 (9) | 0.0003 (8) | 0.0079 (7) | −0.0044 (9) |
C4 | 0.0169 (9) | 0.0493 (13) | 0.0222 (9) | −0.0054 (8) | 0.0061 (7) | 0.0040 (9) |
C5 | 0.0297 (11) | 0.0686 (18) | 0.0340 (12) | −0.0074 (11) | 0.0167 (10) | 0.0104 (12) |
C6 | 0.0242 (10) | 0.0316 (11) | 0.0303 (10) | −0.0067 (8) | 0.0085 (8) | 0.0063 (8) |
C7 | 0.0216 (9) | 0.0248 (10) | 0.0244 (9) | −0.0022 (7) | 0.0069 (7) | −0.0003 (7) |
C8 | 0.0137 (7) | 0.0219 (9) | 0.0150 (8) | 0.0014 (6) | 0.0042 (6) | 0.0013 (6) |
C9 | 0.0158 (8) | 0.0202 (8) | 0.0165 (8) | −0.0012 (6) | 0.0026 (6) | −0.0005 (7) |
C10 | 0.0225 (9) | 0.0267 (10) | 0.0171 (8) | −0.0034 (7) | 0.0071 (7) | −0.0018 (7) |
C11 | 0.0300 (10) | 0.0321 (11) | 0.0207 (9) | −0.0095 (8) | 0.0105 (8) | −0.0003 (8) |
C12 | 0.0351 (11) | 0.0227 (9) | 0.0248 (9) | −0.0103 (8) | 0.0084 (8) | −0.0005 (8) |
C13 | 0.0269 (10) | 0.0211 (9) | 0.0212 (9) | −0.0037 (7) | 0.0066 (7) | −0.0033 (7) |
C14 | 0.0167 (8) | 0.0212 (9) | 0.0163 (8) | −0.0017 (7) | 0.0045 (6) | −0.0019 (7) |
C15 | 0.0181 (8) | 0.0178 (8) | 0.0197 (8) | 0.0001 (6) | 0.0053 (7) | −0.0015 (7) |
C16 | 0.0182 (8) | 0.0196 (8) | 0.0216 (9) | −0.0026 (7) | 0.0092 (7) | 0.0002 (7) |
C17 | 0.0219 (8) | 0.0169 (8) | 0.0190 (8) | −0.0040 (7) | 0.0068 (7) | −0.0025 (7) |
S1—O1 | 1.4290 (15) | C6—C7 | 1.385 (3) |
S1—O2 | 1.4299 (14) | C6—H6 | 0.9500 |
S1—O3 | 1.5747 (14) | C7—H7 | 0.9500 |
S1—C1 | 1.7574 (18) | C8—C9 | 1.489 (3) |
O3—C17 | 1.465 (2) | C9—C10 | 1.379 (3) |
O4—C8 | 1.209 (2) | C9—C14 | 1.392 (3) |
O5—C15 | 1.208 (2) | C10—C11 | 1.396 (3) |
N1—C8 | 1.396 (2) | C10—H10 | 0.9500 |
N1—C15 | 1.403 (2) | C11—C12 | 1.393 (3) |
N1—C16 | 1.456 (2) | C11—H11 | 0.9500 |
C1—C2 | 1.384 (3) | C12—C13 | 1.396 (3) |
C1—C7 | 1.393 (3) | C12—H12 | 0.9500 |
C2—C3 | 1.394 (3) | C13—C14 | 1.379 (3) |
C2—H2 | 0.9500 | C13—H13 | 0.9500 |
C3—C4 | 1.387 (3) | C14—C15 | 1.488 (2) |
C3—H3 | 0.9500 | C16—C17 | 1.509 (3) |
C4—C6 | 1.396 (3) | C16—H16A | 0.9900 |
C4—C5 | 1.504 (3) | C16—H16B | 0.9900 |
C5—H5A | 0.9800 | C17—H17A | 0.9900 |
C5—H5B | 0.9800 | C17—H17B | 0.9900 |
C5—H5C | 0.9800 | ||
O1—S1—O2 | 119.84 (9) | O4—C8—C9 | 129.65 (17) |
O1—S1—O3 | 109.64 (8) | N1—C8—C9 | 105.69 (15) |
O2—S1—O3 | 103.69 (8) | C10—C9—C14 | 121.68 (18) |
O1—S1—C1 | 109.41 (9) | C10—C9—C8 | 130.16 (17) |
O2—S1—C1 | 109.05 (9) | C14—C9—C8 | 108.15 (16) |
O3—S1—C1 | 103.97 (8) | C9—C10—C11 | 117.22 (18) |
C17—O3—S1 | 118.36 (11) | C9—C10—H10 | 121.4 |
C8—N1—C15 | 112.32 (15) | C11—C10—H10 | 121.4 |
C8—N1—C16 | 123.05 (15) | C12—C11—C10 | 121.04 (18) |
C15—N1—C16 | 124.62 (15) | C12—C11—H11 | 119.5 |
C2—C1—C7 | 121.40 (18) | C10—C11—H11 | 119.5 |
C2—C1—S1 | 119.74 (15) | C11—C12—C13 | 121.33 (19) |
C7—C1—S1 | 118.85 (15) | C11—C12—H12 | 119.3 |
C1—C2—C3 | 118.6 (2) | C13—C12—H12 | 119.3 |
C1—C2—H2 | 120.7 | C14—C13—C12 | 117.10 (18) |
C3—C2—H2 | 120.7 | C14—C13—H13 | 121.5 |
C4—C3—C2 | 121.3 (2) | C12—C13—H13 | 121.5 |
C4—C3—H3 | 119.3 | C13—C14—C9 | 121.61 (17) |
C2—C3—H3 | 119.3 | C13—C14—C15 | 130.00 (17) |
C3—C4—C6 | 118.61 (19) | C9—C14—C15 | 108.39 (16) |
C3—C4—C5 | 120.9 (2) | O5—C15—N1 | 125.45 (17) |
C6—C4—C5 | 120.5 (2) | O5—C15—C14 | 129.15 (17) |
C4—C5—H5A | 109.5 | N1—C15—C14 | 105.40 (15) |
C4—C5—H5B | 109.5 | N1—C16—C17 | 111.48 (15) |
H5A—C5—H5B | 109.5 | N1—C16—H16A | 109.3 |
C4—C5—H5C | 109.5 | C17—C16—H16A | 109.3 |
H5A—C5—H5C | 109.5 | N1—C16—H16B | 109.3 |
H5B—C5—H5C | 109.5 | C17—C16—H16B | 109.3 |
C7—C6—C4 | 121.2 (2) | H16A—C16—H16B | 108.0 |
C7—C6—H6 | 119.4 | O3—C17—C16 | 106.23 (14) |
C4—C6—H6 | 119.4 | O3—C17—H17A | 110.5 |
C6—C7—C1 | 118.77 (19) | C16—C17—H17A | 110.5 |
C6—C7—H7 | 120.6 | O3—C17—H17B | 110.5 |
C1—C7—H7 | 120.6 | C16—C17—H17B | 110.5 |
O4—C8—N1 | 124.67 (17) | H17A—C17—H17B | 108.7 |
O1—S1—O3—C17 | −38.67 (14) | O4—C8—C9—C14 | −178.67 (18) |
O2—S1—O3—C17 | −167.78 (12) | N1—C8—C9—C14 | 1.69 (19) |
C1—S1—O3—C17 | 78.22 (14) | C14—C9—C10—C11 | 1.2 (3) |
O1—S1—C1—C2 | 14.61 (18) | C8—C9—C10—C11 | −179.09 (18) |
O2—S1—C1—C2 | 147.43 (15) | C9—C10—C11—C12 | 0.0 (3) |
O3—S1—C1—C2 | −102.45 (16) | C10—C11—C12—C13 | −1.0 (3) |
O1—S1—C1—C7 | −165.23 (15) | C11—C12—C13—C14 | 0.8 (3) |
O2—S1—C1—C7 | −32.41 (18) | C12—C13—C14—C9 | 0.4 (3) |
O3—S1—C1—C7 | 77.71 (16) | C12—C13—C14—C15 | 179.45 (18) |
C7—C1—C2—C3 | −0.3 (3) | C10—C9—C14—C13 | −1.4 (3) |
S1—C1—C2—C3 | 179.90 (15) | C8—C9—C14—C13 | 178.79 (17) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | −0.4 (3) | C10—C9—C14—C15 | 179.32 (16) |
C2—C3—C4—C6 | 0.5 (3) | C8—C9—C14—C15 | −0.45 (19) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | −179.22 (19) | C8—N1—C15—O5 | −178.31 (18) |
C3—C4—C6—C7 | 0.1 (3) | C16—N1—C15—O5 | 0.7 (3) |
C5—C4—C6—C7 | 179.75 (19) | C8—N1—C15—C14 | 2.1 (2) |
C4—C6—C7—C1 | −0.7 (3) | C16—N1—C15—C14 | −178.90 (16) |
C2—C1—C7—C6 | 0.8 (3) | C13—C14—C15—O5 | 0.3 (3) |
S1—C1—C7—C6 | −179.38 (15) | C9—C14—C15—O5 | 179.49 (19) |
C15—N1—C8—O4 | 177.95 (17) | C13—C14—C15—N1 | 179.90 (19) |
C16—N1—C8—O4 | −1.1 (3) | C9—C14—C15—N1 | −0.95 (19) |
C15—N1—C8—C9 | −2.38 (19) | C8—N1—C16—C17 | 76.8 (2) |
C16—N1—C8—C9 | 178.62 (15) | C15—N1—C16—C17 | −102.06 (19) |
O4—C8—C9—C10 | 1.6 (3) | S1—O3—C17—C16 | −146.02 (12) |
N1—C8—C9—C10 | −178.05 (18) | N1—C16—C17—O3 | 61.83 (18) |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C17H15NO5S |
Mr | 345.36 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, C2/c |
Temperature (K) | 90 |
a, b, c (Å) | 13.6817 (13), 12.5642 (12), 19.3194 (19) |
β (°) | 107.121 (2) |
V (Å3) | 3173.8 (5) |
Z | 8 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.23 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.40 × 0.35 × 0.30 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Bruker APEX CCD area-detector diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (SADABS in SHELXL97; Sheldrick, 2008) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.913, 0.934 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 16184, 3865, 3773 |
Rint | 0.020 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.662 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.052, 0.122, 1.25 |
No. of reflections | 3865 |
No. of parameters | 218 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.48, −0.41 |
Computer programs: SMART (Bruker, 2007), SAINT (Bruker, 2007), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), CrystalMaker (Palmer, 2006), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation (grant No. CHE-0604527) and Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals Inc.
References
Allen, F. H., Kennard, O., Watson, D. G., Brammer, L., Orpen, A. G. & Taylor, R. (1987). J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, pp. S1–19. CrossRef Web of Science Google Scholar
Arner, E. S. J. & Eriksson, S. (1995). Pharmacol. Ther. 67, 155–186. CrossRef CAS PubMed Web of Science Google Scholar
Bello, L. J. (1974). Exp. Cell Res. 89, 263–274. CrossRef CAS PubMed Web of Science Google Scholar
Bruker (2007). SMART, SAINT and SADABS. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Google Scholar
Eriksson, S., Munch-Petersen, B., Johansson, K. & Eklund, H. (2002). Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 59, 1327–1346. Web of Science CrossRef PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Palmer, D. (2006). CrystalMaker. CrystalMaker Software Ltd, Yarnton, Oxfordshire, England. Google Scholar
Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112–122. Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Wei, L., Babich, J., Eckelman, W. C. & Zubieta, J. (2005). Inorg. Chem. 44, 2198–2209. Web of Science CSD CrossRef PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Welin, M., Kosinska, U., Mikkelsen, N.-E., Carnrot, C., Zhu, C., Wang, L., Eriksson, S., Munch-Petersen, B. & Eklund, H. (2004). Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 17970–17975. Web of Science CrossRef PubMed CAS Google Scholar
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are cited.
Nucleosides and nucleoside derivatives have become a target of interest as potential inhibitors and probes for tumor cell proliferation. One major targeted enzyme is the human cytosolic thymidine kinase (hTK-1), an enzyme of the pyrimidine salvage pathway which catalyzes the phosphorylation of nucleosides to their corresponding 5'-monophosphates (Welin et al., 2004). The hTK-1 activity is closely related to DNA synthesis and the corresponding monophosphates are important precursors for DNA incorporation. Interestingly, hTK-1 shows a dramatically increased activity in proliferating cells compared to quiescent cells which makes it an attractive target for radiolabeling applications (Bello, 1974). Nucleosides are taken up by proliferating cells through facilitated diffusion and get converted to their corresponding monophosphates by hTK-1. The cellular efflux of the corresponding monophosphate is hindered due to the negatively charged phosphate residue leading to a intracellular trapping of the corresponding nucleoside (Arner & Eriksson, 1995). Thus, a radiolabeled nucleoside analog could be used as probe for tumor cell proliferation since the trapping results in an accumulation in tissue with elevated hTK-1 activity. Much effort has been put in the development of radiolabeled nucleoside analogs but the narrow substrate specifity of hTK-1 remains hereby a problem which still has to be solved (Eriksson et al., 2002). The literature on the interaction of thymidine derivatives with hTK-1 is not totally unambiguous about the effects of various substitutions. Major modifications of thymidine or uridine, respectively, can result in inactivity. On the other hand, several derivatives modified at the ribose and the base site are reported which retain their activity. Therefore, we built up a library of several thymidine and uridine analogs modified at different positions of the sugar and base moiety to investigate the effects of various substitutions. 2-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)ethyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (Tosylethylphthalimide) is part of a series of tosylalkylphthalimide derivatives recently synthesized in our group. The series was prepared to expand the use of our SAAC concept (single amino acid chelate) on nucleosides for radioimaging and radiotherapeutic purposes (Bartholomä et al., unpublished results). The tosylalkylphthalimide derivatives are precursors for the attachment of a SAAC chelate at the N-3 and C-5 position of the base moiety of thymidine. The SAAC chelate allows thereby the radiolabeling of thymidine and uridine derivatives by the coordination of the [M(CO)3]+ core (M = 186/188Re, 99mTc) (Wei et al., 2005). 99mTc with its ideal decay properties, low cost and good availability can be used for imaging purposes while the corresponding rhenium complexes would be the therapeutic counterparts.
The title molecule shows a folded structure where the phthalimide residue and the tosyl moiety have a face-to-face orientation (see Fig. 1). Thereby, inter- as well as intramolecular aromatic interactions are observed. The intramolecular interactions are illustrated by the centroid-to-centroid distance between the five-membered ring of the phthalimide moiety and the benzene ring of the tosyl residue with Cg1···Cg2 = 3.7454 (3) Å, where Cg1 is the centroid of the ring atoms N1/C8/C9/C14/C15 and Cg2 is the centroid of the ring atoms C1–C7. Weak intermolecular interactions occur between two five-membered rings of the phthalimide moiety with a Cg1···Cg1i distance of 3.3867 (3) Å [symmetry code: (i) -x, y, 3/2 - z]. The ethylene bridge adopts a low-energy staggered conformation with the torsion angle N1—C16—C17—O3 = 61.829 (5)°. Obviously, this arrangement allows a more dense crystal packing as the fully planar conformation (see Fig. 2). The phthalimide (N1/O4/O5/C8–C16) and the tosyl (S1/C1–C7) moiety are essentially planar and have an approximately parallel orientation with respect to each other giving a dihedral angle of 6.089 (3)°. All bond lengths fall in the expected ranges (Allen et al., 1987).