organic compounds
(E)-Methyl 2-[(2S,3S,12bR)-3-ethyl-8-methoxy-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-octahydroindolo[2,3-a]quinolizin-2-yl]-3-methoxyacrylate ethanol solvate
aDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Mississippi, 417 Faser Hall, University, MS 38677, USA, and bDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi, 417 Faser Hall, University, MS 38677, USA
*Correspondence e-mail: cmccurdy@olemiss.edu
In the title compound, C23H30N2O4·C2H6O, the indole derivative has four fused rings, forming an indolo[2-3a]quinolizine system, in which one six-membered ring is directly connected to the indole unit and has a distorted chair conformation. The fourth ring is also a six-membered ring, depicting a regular chair conformation. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by N—H⋯O and O—H⋯N interactions, forming a C(7) chain.
Related literature
For previous crystallographic analysis of mitragynine salts (hydrobromide and hydroiodide), see: Zacharias et al. (1965). For the method of extraction, see: Ponglux et al. (1994). For synthetic studies, see: Ma et al. (2009). For medicinal properties, see: Boyer et al. (2008); Weibrecht et al. (2008). For hydrogen-bond motifs, see: Bernstein et al. (1995).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Data collection
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Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2005); cell SAINT (Bruker, 2005); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL and ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997).
Supporting information
10.1107/S1600536809017309/bx2206sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536809017309/bx2206Isup2.hkl
Mitragynine was extracted from dried M. speciosa leaves according to the procedure published by Ponglux et al., (1994), and crystallized from a solution in ethanol.
All H atoms were located in difference maps and treated as riding atoms, with the following distance restraints: C—H = 0.93 Å, Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C) for Csp2, C—H = 0.98 Å, Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C) for CH, C—H = 0.97 Å, Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C) for CH2, C—H = 0.96 Å, Uiso(H) = 1.5Ueq(C) for CH3, N—H = 0.86 Å, Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(N), O—H = 0.82 Å, Uiso(H) = 1.5Ueq(O).
Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2005); cell
SAINT (Bruker, 2005); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2005); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008) and ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997).C23H30N2O4·C2H6O | F(000) = 960 |
Mr = 444.56 | Dx = 1.243 Mg m−3 |
Orthorhombic, P212121 | Cu Kα radiation, λ = 1.54178 Å |
Hall symbol: P 2ac 2ab | Cell parameters from 3152 reflections |
a = 7.6045 (1) Å | θ = 3.3–64.6° |
b = 11.7534 (2) Å | µ = 0.70 mm−1 |
c = 26.5735 (4) Å | T = 100 K |
V = 2375.11 (6) Å3 | Needle, colourless |
Z = 4 | 0.12 × 0.09 × 0.06 mm |
Bruker APEXII CCD diffractometer | 3649 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Radiation source: Sealed Tube | Rint = 0.083 |
Graphite monochromator | θmax = 66.4°, θmin = 3.3° |
ϕ and ω scans | h = −9→9 |
34365 measured reflections | k = −13→13 |
4158 independent reflections | l = −31→31 |
Refinement on F2 | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
Least-squares matrix: full | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.036 | H-atom parameters constrained |
wR(F2) = 0.089 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0469P)2 + 0.2771P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
S = 1.05 | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
4158 reflections | Δρmax = 0.19 e Å−3 |
295 parameters | Δρmin = −0.18 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Absolute structure: Flack (1983), 1758 Friedel pairs |
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods | Absolute structure parameter: 0.2 (2) |
C23H30N2O4·C2H6O | V = 2375.11 (6) Å3 |
Mr = 444.56 | Z = 4 |
Orthorhombic, P212121 | Cu Kα radiation |
a = 7.6045 (1) Å | µ = 0.70 mm−1 |
b = 11.7534 (2) Å | T = 100 K |
c = 26.5735 (4) Å | 0.12 × 0.09 × 0.06 mm |
Bruker APEXII CCD diffractometer | 3649 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
34365 measured reflections | Rint = 0.083 |
4158 independent reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.036 | H-atom parameters constrained |
wR(F2) = 0.089 | Δρmax = 0.19 e Å−3 |
S = 1.05 | Δρmin = −0.18 e Å−3 |
4158 reflections | Absolute structure: Flack (1983), 1758 Friedel pairs |
295 parameters | Absolute structure parameter: 0.2 (2) |
0 restraints |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
C3 | 0.3530 (3) | 0.08591 (16) | 0.79611 (7) | 0.0226 (4) | |
H3 | 0.2920 | 0.0127 | 0.7987 | 0.027* | |
C2 | 0.3100 (3) | 0.13687 (16) | 0.74583 (7) | 0.0224 (4) | |
C14 | 0.2990 (3) | 0.15900 (16) | 0.84110 (7) | 0.0224 (4) | |
H14A | 0.1750 | 0.1778 | 0.8388 | 0.027* | |
H14B | 0.3657 | 0.2293 | 0.8412 | 0.027* | |
C5 | 0.6061 (3) | 0.00338 (18) | 0.75273 (7) | 0.0269 (5) | |
H5A | 0.5360 | −0.0647 | 0.7479 | 0.032* | |
H5B | 0.7275 | −0.0197 | 0.7574 | 0.032* | |
C16 | 0.2800 (3) | 0.14709 (17) | 0.93877 (7) | 0.0237 (4) | |
C21 | 0.5794 (3) | −0.00691 (16) | 0.84300 (7) | 0.0245 (4) | |
H21A | 0.7032 | −0.0267 | 0.8439 | 0.029* | |
H21B | 0.5124 | −0.0769 | 0.8405 | 0.029* | |
C20 | 0.5303 (3) | 0.05433 (16) | 0.89183 (7) | 0.0228 (4) | |
H20 | 0.5406 | −0.0014 | 0.9191 | 0.027* | |
C7 | 0.4161 (3) | 0.13592 (16) | 0.70469 (7) | 0.0234 (4) | |
C11 | 0.0631 (3) | 0.29780 (17) | 0.60685 (8) | 0.0301 (5) | |
H11 | −0.0215 | 0.3322 | 0.5867 | 0.036* | |
C17 | 0.2551 (3) | 0.25695 (16) | 0.94916 (7) | 0.0257 (4) | |
H17 | 0.2198 | 0.2764 | 0.9815 | 0.031* | |
C8 | 0.3190 (3) | 0.19029 (16) | 0.66512 (7) | 0.0231 (4) | |
C10 | 0.2287 (3) | 0.27195 (17) | 0.58613 (7) | 0.0281 (5) | |
H10 | 0.2523 | 0.2904 | 0.5528 | 0.034* | |
C6 | 0.5923 (3) | 0.07864 (19) | 0.70579 (8) | 0.0286 (5) | |
H6A | 0.6847 | 0.1355 | 0.7063 | 0.034* | |
H6B | 0.6070 | 0.0325 | 0.6758 | 0.034* | |
C15 | 0.3348 (3) | 0.09212 (16) | 0.88976 (7) | 0.0226 (4) | |
H15 | 0.2658 | 0.0220 | 0.8871 | 0.027* | |
C9 | 0.3566 (3) | 0.21944 (17) | 0.61479 (7) | 0.0246 (4) | |
C13 | 0.1537 (3) | 0.21960 (17) | 0.68469 (7) | 0.0241 (4) | |
C12 | 0.0231 (3) | 0.27357 (17) | 0.65616 (7) | 0.0281 (4) | |
H12 | −0.0856 | 0.2921 | 0.6699 | 0.034* | |
C19 | 0.6535 (3) | 0.15316 (18) | 0.90462 (8) | 0.0268 (4) | |
H19A | 0.6527 | 0.2068 | 0.8769 | 0.032* | |
H19B | 0.6081 | 0.1923 | 0.9340 | 0.032* | |
C18 | 0.8419 (3) | 0.1177 (2) | 0.91491 (9) | 0.0359 (5) | |
H18A | 0.8946 | 0.0905 | 0.8844 | 0.054* | |
H18B | 0.8432 | 0.0583 | 0.9397 | 0.054* | |
H18C | 0.9071 | 0.1819 | 0.9272 | 0.054* | |
C24 | 0.2472 (3) | 0.06448 (17) | 0.98062 (7) | 0.0245 (4) | |
C22 | 0.5687 (3) | 0.2261 (2) | 0.54835 (8) | 0.0362 (5) | |
H22A | 0.5535 | 0.3068 | 0.5450 | 0.054* | |
H22B | 0.4941 | 0.1875 | 0.5247 | 0.054* | |
H22C | 0.6892 | 0.2066 | 0.5418 | 0.054* | |
C25 | 0.2001 (4) | 0.0389 (2) | 1.06740 (8) | 0.0398 (6) | |
H25A | 0.2861 | −0.0208 | 1.0688 | 0.060* | |
H25B | 0.0856 | 0.0065 | 1.0623 | 0.060* | |
H25C | 0.2013 | 0.0808 | 1.0984 | 0.060* | |
C23 | 0.2173 (4) | 0.45082 (18) | 0.93323 (9) | 0.0393 (6) | |
H23A | 0.2795 | 0.4710 | 0.9634 | 0.059* | |
H23B | 0.0936 | 0.4468 | 0.9402 | 0.059* | |
H23C | 0.2384 | 0.5073 | 0.9079 | 0.059* | |
C27 | 0.7975 (3) | 0.33626 (19) | 0.79406 (9) | 0.0404 (6) | |
H27A | 0.6948 | 0.3492 | 0.8149 | 0.048* | |
H27B | 0.7713 | 0.3627 | 0.7603 | 0.048* | |
C26 | 0.9507 (4) | 0.4008 (2) | 0.81476 (12) | 0.0505 (7) | |
H26A | 1.0519 | 0.3881 | 0.7939 | 0.076* | |
H26B | 0.9750 | 0.3752 | 0.8484 | 0.076* | |
H26C | 0.9235 | 0.4806 | 0.8153 | 0.076* | |
N2 | 0.5446 (2) | 0.06406 (13) | 0.79818 (6) | 0.0223 (4) | |
N1 | 0.1505 (2) | 0.18655 (14) | 0.73471 (6) | 0.0237 (4) | |
H1 | 0.0642 | 0.1955 | 0.7552 | 0.028* | |
O5 | 0.83716 (18) | 0.21863 (12) | 0.79292 (5) | 0.0297 (3) | |
H5 | 0.7462 | 0.1818 | 0.7960 | 0.045* | |
O3 | 0.2266 (2) | −0.03588 (11) | 0.97486 (5) | 0.0323 (3) | |
O2 | 0.2782 (2) | 0.34155 (11) | 0.91554 (5) | 0.0303 (3) | |
O1 | 0.52291 (19) | 0.19211 (12) | 0.59849 (5) | 0.0310 (3) | |
O4 | 0.2410 (2) | 0.11472 (11) | 1.02612 (5) | 0.0343 (4) |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
C3 | 0.0226 (10) | 0.0251 (10) | 0.0201 (9) | 0.0001 (8) | 0.0008 (9) | 0.0000 (8) |
C2 | 0.0197 (10) | 0.0247 (10) | 0.0226 (9) | −0.0004 (8) | −0.0025 (8) | −0.0016 (8) |
C14 | 0.0200 (10) | 0.0273 (10) | 0.0200 (9) | 0.0005 (8) | −0.0001 (8) | −0.0007 (8) |
C5 | 0.0234 (11) | 0.0319 (11) | 0.0253 (10) | 0.0065 (9) | −0.0002 (8) | −0.0038 (8) |
C16 | 0.0182 (10) | 0.0317 (10) | 0.0213 (9) | −0.0008 (8) | 0.0002 (8) | −0.0010 (8) |
C21 | 0.0229 (10) | 0.0281 (10) | 0.0226 (10) | 0.0029 (8) | −0.0003 (8) | 0.0007 (8) |
C20 | 0.0224 (11) | 0.0282 (10) | 0.0177 (9) | 0.0038 (8) | −0.0005 (8) | 0.0026 (8) |
C7 | 0.0236 (10) | 0.0263 (10) | 0.0204 (9) | −0.0017 (8) | −0.0004 (8) | −0.0023 (8) |
C11 | 0.0329 (12) | 0.0302 (11) | 0.0273 (10) | −0.0005 (9) | −0.0086 (9) | 0.0016 (9) |
C17 | 0.0236 (11) | 0.0309 (11) | 0.0227 (10) | −0.0034 (9) | 0.0005 (9) | 0.0013 (8) |
C8 | 0.0258 (11) | 0.0237 (9) | 0.0197 (9) | −0.0041 (8) | −0.0009 (8) | −0.0026 (7) |
C10 | 0.0363 (12) | 0.0287 (10) | 0.0193 (9) | −0.0048 (10) | −0.0024 (9) | 0.0007 (8) |
C6 | 0.0255 (11) | 0.0397 (12) | 0.0207 (10) | 0.0034 (9) | 0.0019 (9) | −0.0028 (9) |
C15 | 0.0209 (10) | 0.0257 (10) | 0.0213 (10) | −0.0012 (8) | 0.0009 (8) | −0.0010 (8) |
C9 | 0.0272 (11) | 0.0255 (10) | 0.0212 (9) | −0.0043 (8) | 0.0018 (9) | −0.0041 (8) |
C13 | 0.0262 (11) | 0.0243 (9) | 0.0218 (9) | −0.0031 (8) | −0.0015 (8) | −0.0015 (8) |
C12 | 0.0260 (11) | 0.0293 (11) | 0.0291 (10) | −0.0008 (9) | −0.0026 (9) | 0.0009 (9) |
C19 | 0.0235 (11) | 0.0340 (11) | 0.0229 (10) | 0.0016 (9) | −0.0020 (9) | −0.0024 (8) |
C18 | 0.0241 (12) | 0.0469 (14) | 0.0366 (12) | 0.0017 (10) | −0.0020 (10) | −0.0038 (10) |
C24 | 0.0181 (10) | 0.0314 (11) | 0.0240 (10) | 0.0005 (9) | 0.0029 (9) | −0.0051 (8) |
C22 | 0.0450 (14) | 0.0369 (12) | 0.0265 (11) | −0.0045 (11) | 0.0109 (10) | 0.0016 (9) |
C25 | 0.0561 (17) | 0.0359 (12) | 0.0275 (11) | −0.0033 (11) | 0.0084 (11) | 0.0037 (9) |
C23 | 0.0493 (15) | 0.0280 (11) | 0.0406 (13) | 0.0020 (11) | 0.0050 (11) | 0.0023 (9) |
C27 | 0.0389 (14) | 0.0370 (12) | 0.0452 (13) | 0.0090 (10) | 0.0105 (12) | 0.0091 (10) |
C26 | 0.0404 (15) | 0.0308 (13) | 0.0804 (19) | 0.0015 (11) | 0.0045 (14) | −0.0067 (13) |
N2 | 0.0185 (8) | 0.0288 (9) | 0.0196 (8) | 0.0024 (7) | −0.0006 (7) | −0.0012 (7) |
N1 | 0.0217 (9) | 0.0294 (8) | 0.0201 (8) | 0.0026 (7) | 0.0026 (7) | 0.0002 (7) |
O5 | 0.0237 (7) | 0.0330 (7) | 0.0326 (8) | 0.0005 (6) | 0.0038 (7) | 0.0013 (6) |
O3 | 0.0413 (9) | 0.0279 (8) | 0.0276 (7) | −0.0012 (7) | 0.0041 (7) | 0.0005 (6) |
O2 | 0.0394 (9) | 0.0246 (7) | 0.0269 (7) | 0.0017 (7) | 0.0045 (6) | −0.0020 (5) |
O1 | 0.0348 (9) | 0.0368 (8) | 0.0215 (7) | −0.0023 (7) | 0.0047 (6) | 0.0005 (6) |
O4 | 0.0527 (10) | 0.0285 (7) | 0.0216 (7) | −0.0041 (7) | 0.0050 (7) | 0.0012 (6) |
C3—N2 | 1.481 (3) | C6—H6B | 0.9700 |
C3—C2 | 1.500 (3) | C15—H15 | 0.9800 |
C3—C14 | 1.528 (2) | C9—O1 | 1.375 (2) |
C3—H3 | 0.9800 | C13—N1 | 1.385 (2) |
C2—C7 | 1.359 (3) | C13—C12 | 1.401 (3) |
C2—N1 | 1.378 (3) | C12—H12 | 0.9300 |
C14—C15 | 1.538 (2) | C19—C18 | 1.517 (3) |
C14—H14A | 0.9700 | C19—H19A | 0.9700 |
C14—H14B | 0.9700 | C19—H19B | 0.9700 |
C5—N2 | 1.479 (2) | C18—H18A | 0.9600 |
C5—C6 | 1.533 (3) | C18—H18B | 0.9600 |
C5—H5A | 0.9700 | C18—H18C | 0.9600 |
C5—H5B | 0.9700 | C24—O3 | 1.200 (2) |
C16—C17 | 1.334 (3) | C24—O4 | 1.346 (2) |
C16—C24 | 1.497 (3) | C22—O1 | 1.434 (2) |
C16—C15 | 1.512 (3) | C22—H22A | 0.9600 |
C21—N2 | 1.478 (2) | C22—H22B | 0.9600 |
C21—C20 | 1.530 (3) | C22—H22C | 0.9600 |
C21—H21A | 0.9700 | C25—O4 | 1.447 (2) |
C21—H21B | 0.9700 | C25—H25A | 0.9600 |
C20—C19 | 1.530 (3) | C25—H25B | 0.9600 |
C20—C15 | 1.553 (3) | C25—H25C | 0.9600 |
C20—H20 | 0.9800 | C23—O2 | 1.444 (3) |
C7—C8 | 1.435 (3) | C23—H23A | 0.9600 |
C7—C6 | 1.500 (3) | C23—H23B | 0.9600 |
C11—C12 | 1.375 (3) | C23—H23C | 0.9600 |
C11—C10 | 1.408 (3) | C27—O5 | 1.415 (3) |
C11—H11 | 0.9300 | C27—C26 | 1.495 (4) |
C17—O2 | 1.348 (2) | C27—H27A | 0.9700 |
C17—H17 | 0.9300 | C27—H27B | 0.9700 |
C8—C13 | 1.403 (3) | C26—H26A | 0.9600 |
C8—C9 | 1.410 (3) | C26—H26B | 0.9600 |
C10—C9 | 1.381 (3) | C26—H26C | 0.9600 |
C10—H10 | 0.9300 | N1—H1 | 0.8600 |
C6—H6A | 0.9700 | O5—H5 | 0.8200 |
N2—C3—C2 | 108.46 (15) | O1—C9—C8 | 115.38 (17) |
N2—C3—C14 | 109.44 (16) | C10—C9—C8 | 119.27 (18) |
C2—C3—C14 | 114.45 (16) | N1—C13—C12 | 129.34 (18) |
N2—C3—H3 | 108.1 | N1—C13—C8 | 107.59 (17) |
C2—C3—H3 | 108.1 | C12—C13—C8 | 123.07 (18) |
C14—C3—H3 | 108.1 | C11—C12—C13 | 116.90 (19) |
C7—C2—N1 | 110.71 (16) | C11—C12—H12 | 121.5 |
C7—C2—C3 | 125.74 (18) | C13—C12—H12 | 121.5 |
N1—C2—C3 | 123.47 (17) | C18—C19—C20 | 114.17 (18) |
C3—C14—C15 | 108.83 (15) | C18—C19—H19A | 108.7 |
C3—C14—H14A | 109.9 | C20—C19—H19A | 108.7 |
C15—C14—H14A | 109.9 | C18—C19—H19B | 108.7 |
C3—C14—H14B | 109.9 | C20—C19—H19B | 108.7 |
C15—C14—H14B | 109.9 | H19A—C19—H19B | 107.6 |
H14A—C14—H14B | 108.3 | C19—C18—H18A | 109.5 |
N2—C5—C6 | 111.38 (16) | C19—C18—H18B | 109.5 |
N2—C5—H5A | 109.4 | H18A—C18—H18B | 109.5 |
C6—C5—H5A | 109.4 | C19—C18—H18C | 109.5 |
N2—C5—H5B | 109.4 | H18A—C18—H18C | 109.5 |
C6—C5—H5B | 109.4 | H18B—C18—H18C | 109.5 |
H5A—C5—H5B | 108.0 | O3—C24—O4 | 122.76 (18) |
C17—C16—C24 | 116.77 (17) | O3—C24—C16 | 124.37 (17) |
C17—C16—C15 | 129.11 (18) | O4—C24—C16 | 112.86 (16) |
C24—C16—C15 | 114.11 (16) | O1—C22—H22A | 109.5 |
N2—C21—C20 | 111.97 (15) | O1—C22—H22B | 109.5 |
N2—C21—H21A | 109.2 | H22A—C22—H22B | 109.5 |
C20—C21—H21A | 109.2 | O1—C22—H22C | 109.5 |
N2—C21—H21B | 109.2 | H22A—C22—H22C | 109.5 |
C20—C21—H21B | 109.2 | H22B—C22—H22C | 109.5 |
H21A—C21—H21B | 107.9 | O4—C25—H25A | 109.5 |
C21—C20—C19 | 113.32 (17) | O4—C25—H25B | 109.5 |
C21—C20—C15 | 109.77 (16) | H25A—C25—H25B | 109.5 |
C19—C20—C15 | 112.13 (16) | O4—C25—H25C | 109.5 |
C21—C20—H20 | 107.1 | H25A—C25—H25C | 109.5 |
C19—C20—H20 | 107.1 | H25B—C25—H25C | 109.5 |
C15—C20—H20 | 107.1 | O2—C23—H23A | 109.5 |
C2—C7—C8 | 106.27 (17) | O2—C23—H23B | 109.5 |
C2—C7—C6 | 121.23 (18) | H23A—C23—H23B | 109.5 |
C8—C7—C6 | 132.39 (18) | O2—C23—H23C | 109.5 |
C12—C11—C10 | 121.73 (19) | H23A—C23—H23C | 109.5 |
C12—C11—H11 | 119.1 | H23B—C23—H23C | 109.5 |
C10—C11—H11 | 119.1 | O5—C27—C26 | 109.7 (2) |
C16—C17—O2 | 123.94 (18) | O5—C27—H27A | 109.7 |
C16—C17—H17 | 118.0 | C26—C27—H27A | 109.7 |
O2—C17—H17 | 118.0 | O5—C27—H27B | 109.7 |
C13—C8—C9 | 118.26 (18) | C26—C27—H27B | 109.7 |
C13—C8—C7 | 107.40 (16) | H27A—C27—H27B | 108.2 |
C9—C8—C7 | 134.32 (19) | C27—C26—H26A | 109.5 |
C9—C10—C11 | 120.73 (18) | C27—C26—H26B | 109.5 |
C9—C10—H10 | 119.6 | H26A—C26—H26B | 109.5 |
C11—C10—H10 | 119.6 | C27—C26—H26C | 109.5 |
C7—C6—C5 | 109.66 (16) | H26A—C26—H26C | 109.5 |
C7—C6—H6A | 109.7 | H26B—C26—H26C | 109.5 |
C5—C6—H6A | 109.7 | C21—N2—C5 | 109.23 (14) |
C7—C6—H6B | 109.7 | C21—N2—C3 | 107.72 (15) |
C5—C6—H6B | 109.7 | C5—N2—C3 | 111.39 (15) |
H6A—C6—H6B | 108.2 | C2—N1—C13 | 108.02 (16) |
C16—C15—C14 | 117.18 (16) | C2—N1—H1 | 126.0 |
C16—C15—C20 | 110.83 (16) | C13—N1—H1 | 126.0 |
C14—C15—C20 | 110.24 (15) | C27—O5—H5 | 109.5 |
C16—C15—H15 | 105.9 | C17—O2—C23 | 113.49 (15) |
C14—C15—H15 | 105.9 | C9—O1—C22 | 116.81 (16) |
C20—C15—H15 | 105.9 | C24—O4—C25 | 114.73 (16) |
O1—C9—C10 | 125.35 (17) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O5—H5···N2 | 0.82 | 2.07 | 2.876 (2) | 169 |
N1—H1···O5i | 0.86 | 2.01 | 2.866 (2) | 170 |
Symmetry code: (i) x−1, y, z. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C23H30N2O4·C2H6O |
Mr | 444.56 |
Crystal system, space group | Orthorhombic, P212121 |
Temperature (K) | 100 |
a, b, c (Å) | 7.6045 (1), 11.7534 (2), 26.5735 (4) |
V (Å3) | 2375.11 (6) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Cu Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.70 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.12 × 0.09 × 0.06 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Bruker APEXII CCD diffractometer |
Absorption correction | – |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 34365, 4158, 3649 |
Rint | 0.083 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.594 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.036, 0.089, 1.05 |
No. of reflections | 4158 |
No. of parameters | 295 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.19, −0.18 |
Absolute structure | Flack (1983), 1758 Friedel pairs |
Absolute structure parameter | 0.2 (2) |
Computer programs: APEX2 (Bruker, 2005), SAINT (Bruker, 2005), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008) and ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997).
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O5—H5···N2 | 0.82 | 2.07 | 2.876 (2) | 169.1 |
N1—H1···O5i | 0.86 | 2.01 | 2.866 (2) | 170.4 |
Symmetry code: (i) x−1, y, z. |
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the NIH–NCRR (grant No. 5P20RR021919). The authors also thank the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, USA, for providing financial assistance (CDC cooperative agreements 1UO1 CI000211-03 and 1UO1 CI000362-01). This investigation was conducted in a facility constructed with support from Research Facilities Improvement Program grant No. C06Rr-14503-01 from the National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health.
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Kratom (Mitragynia speciosa korth) is a medicinal herb endogenous to southeast Asia traditionally used as a treatment for opium withdrawal. Patients with chronic pain are increasingly aware of kratom as opioid replacement therapy. Mitragynine, the predominant alkaloid of kratom, binds with high affinity at human adrenergic, serotinergic, and adenosine CNS receptors. The binding affinity of mitragynine at mu (KD = 204 plus or minus 26 nM), delta (KD = 2250 plus or minus 47nM) and kappa (KD = 455 plus or minus 47 nM) receptors suggest that the mu-opioid agonism of mitragynine may minimize opioid withdrawal symptoms; as a kappa agonist, the molecule may oppose mu-opioid effects to modulatere inforcement and produce aversion. Furthermore, adrenergic agonist activity at alpha-2 receptors may permit kratom to mimic adjunctive therapies for opioid withdrawal such as clonidine (Weibrecht et al., 2008). The title compound has four fused rings, forming an indolo[2-3a]quinolizine system, in which one six-membered ring is directly connected to the indol moiety and has a distorted chair conformation. The fourth ring is also a six-membered ring, depicting a regular chair conformation. The molecules are linked by N—H···O and O—H···N interactions, forming a chain C(7) (Bernstein et al., 1995) along [100] directions (Fig. 2).