organic compounds
3-Hydroxy-1,2-dimethoxyanthraquinone
aCollege of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, People's Republic of China
*Correspondence e-mail: hnllxyj@yahoo.com.cn
The title compound, C16H12O5, was isolated from Morinda officinalis How. The anthraquinone ring system is almost planar, the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings being 1.12 (4)°. In the O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the moleculesin the crystallographic a-axis direction. Weak π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distance between symmetry-related benzene rings of 3.699 (4) Å] are also present.
Related literature
For the biological properties of anthraquinone derivatives, see: Kim et al. (2005) and of the title compound, see: Ali et al. (2000); Jia et al. (2007); Wu et al. (2003). For related structures, see: Ng et al. (2005); Boonnak et al. (2005). For the structure of another compound isolated from Morinda officinalis How., see: Liu & Jiao (2009). For reference structural data, see: Allen et al. (1987).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Refinement
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Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2004); cell SAINT (Bruker, 2004); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2004); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: XP in SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97.
Supporting information
10.1107/S1600536809021266/pk2164sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536809021266/pk2164Isup2.hkl
The roots of Morinda officinalis How. (1000 g) were shattered to powder (about 30 mesh) and extracted with 85% ethanol (4000 ml) for 2 h with stirring. The extraction procedure was repeated three times. The extracts were combined and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure at 333 K, the residue was redissolved in water (800 ml). Then the enriched extracts were extracted with chloroform three times (800 ml each), the chlorofrom solutions were combined and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure at 333 K, 6.80 g crude extracts were obtained. The crude extracts were separated with n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (6 : 4 : 5 : 5, v/v) using high-speed counter-current
(HSCCC) to obtain 1,2-dimethoxy-3-hydroxyanthraquinone (yield 20.3 mg). Single crystals suitable for X-ray analysis were obtained by slow evaporation of a methanol solution.Methyl H atoms were placed at calculated positions and treated as riding on the parent C atoms with C—H = 0.96 °H and Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C). Coordinates of all other hydrogens were refined but their Uiso values were fixed at 0.105 Å2.
Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2004); cell
SAINT (Bruker, 2004); data reduction: APEX2 (Bruker, 2004); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: XP in SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008).C16H12O5 | Z = 2 |
Mr = 284.26 | F(000) = 296.0 |
Triclinic, P1 | Dx = 1.503 Mg m−3 |
Hall symbol: -P 1 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
a = 7.4087 (17) Å | Cell parameters from 1305 reflections |
b = 8.0387 (18) Å | θ = 3.1–27.3° |
c = 11.802 (3) Å | µ = 0.11 mm−1 |
α = 95.386 (3)° | T = 293 K |
β = 92.357 (3)° | Block, yellow |
γ = 115.712 (2)° | 0.30 × 0.20 × 0.20 mm |
V = 627.9 (3) Å3 |
Bruker APEXII area-detector diffractometer | 2182 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 1639 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.013 |
ϕ and ω scans | θmax = 25.0°, θmin = 2.8° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996) | h = −7→8 |
Tmin = 0.967, Tmax = 0.978 | k = −9→9 |
3200 measured reflections | l = −14→11 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.044 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.136 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 1.06 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0736P)2 + 0.1017P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
2182 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
210 parameters | Δρmax = 0.25 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.17 e Å−3 |
C16H12O5 | γ = 115.712 (2)° |
Mr = 284.26 | V = 627.9 (3) Å3 |
Triclinic, P1 | Z = 2 |
a = 7.4087 (17) Å | Mo Kα radiation |
b = 8.0387 (18) Å | µ = 0.11 mm−1 |
c = 11.802 (3) Å | T = 293 K |
α = 95.386 (3)° | 0.30 × 0.20 × 0.20 mm |
β = 92.357 (3)° |
Bruker APEXII area-detector diffractometer | 2182 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996) | 1639 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.967, Tmax = 0.978 | Rint = 0.013 |
3200 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.044 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.136 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 1.06 | Δρmax = 0.25 e Å−3 |
2182 reflections | Δρmin = −0.17 e Å−3 |
210 parameters |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
O1 | 0.2605 (2) | 0.79647 (18) | 0.14638 (13) | 0.0605 (4) | |
O2 | 0.2359 (2) | 0.18299 (17) | −0.09353 (11) | 0.0560 (4) | |
O6 | 0.2197 (2) | 0.3418 (2) | 0.43860 (11) | 0.0597 (4) | |
O7 | 0.2427 (2) | 0.64028 (18) | 0.34133 (12) | 0.0547 (4) | |
O8 | 0.1946 (2) | 0.03307 (19) | 0.30888 (12) | 0.0582 (4) | |
C15 | 0.2626 (3) | 0.4756 (3) | −0.21242 (16) | 0.0463 (5) | |
C16 | 0.2985 (3) | 0.7870 (3) | −0.20248 (19) | 0.0550 (5) | |
C17 | 0.2839 (3) | 0.6275 (3) | −0.26601 (19) | 0.0546 (5) | |
C18 | 0.2898 (3) | 0.7953 (3) | −0.08620 (19) | 0.0474 (5) | |
C19 | 0.2686 (2) | 0.6434 (2) | −0.03041 (15) | 0.0379 (4) | |
C20 | 0.2551 (2) | 0.4817 (2) | −0.09503 (15) | 0.0372 (4) | |
C21 | 0.2574 (3) | 0.6545 (2) | 0.09545 (16) | 0.0403 (4) | |
C22 | 0.2422 (2) | 0.4946 (2) | 0.15295 (15) | 0.0368 (4) | |
C23 | 0.2284 (2) | 0.3315 (2) | 0.08725 (14) | 0.0350 (4) | |
C24 | 0.2378 (2) | 0.3203 (2) | −0.03826 (15) | 0.0377 (4) | |
C25 | 0.2095 (3) | 0.1777 (2) | 0.13812 (16) | 0.0399 (4) | |
C26 | 0.2058 (3) | 0.1783 (2) | 0.25489 (15) | 0.0425 (4) | |
C27 | 0.2176 (3) | 0.3354 (3) | 0.32218 (15) | 0.0440 (5) | |
C28 | 0.2364 (3) | 0.4919 (2) | 0.27130 (15) | 0.0405 (4) | |
C29 | 0.0304 (4) | 0.2459 (4) | 0.4794 (2) | 0.0804 (8) | |
H29A | −0.0439 | 0.3180 | 0.4754 | 0.097* | |
H29B | 0.0483 | 0.2264 | 0.5573 | 0.097* | |
H29C | −0.0422 | 0.1278 | 0.4333 | 0.097* | |
C34 | 0.4369 (4) | 0.7632 (3) | 0.3940 (2) | 0.0703 (7) | |
H34A | 0.4862 | 0.6969 | 0.4403 | 0.084* | |
H34B | 0.4295 | 0.8636 | 0.4412 | 0.084* | |
H34C | 0.5266 | 0.8121 | 0.3363 | 0.084* | |
H1 | 0.249 (4) | 0.360 (4) | −0.255 (2) | 0.105* | |
H4 | 0.298 (5) | 0.897 (4) | −0.044 (3) | 0.105* | |
H3 | 0.323 (4) | 0.897 (4) | −0.239 (2) | 0.105* | |
H2 | 0.292 (4) | 0.616 (4) | −0.345 (3) | 0.105* | |
H5 | 0.198 (4) | 0.069 (4) | 0.089 (3) | 0.105* | |
H6 | 0.199 (5) | −0.044 (4) | 0.253 (3) | 0.105* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
O1 | 0.0852 (11) | 0.0373 (7) | 0.0687 (9) | 0.0365 (7) | 0.0148 (8) | −0.0003 (6) |
O2 | 0.0889 (11) | 0.0383 (7) | 0.0479 (8) | 0.0358 (7) | 0.0051 (7) | −0.0014 (6) |
O6 | 0.0681 (10) | 0.0683 (10) | 0.0419 (8) | 0.0301 (8) | 0.0044 (7) | 0.0023 (7) |
O7 | 0.0608 (9) | 0.0478 (8) | 0.0564 (8) | 0.0291 (7) | 0.0023 (7) | −0.0142 (6) |
O8 | 0.0884 (11) | 0.0506 (9) | 0.0507 (8) | 0.0423 (8) | 0.0151 (7) | 0.0147 (6) |
C15 | 0.0462 (11) | 0.0455 (11) | 0.0489 (11) | 0.0220 (9) | 0.0019 (8) | 0.0054 (8) |
C16 | 0.0524 (12) | 0.0451 (12) | 0.0689 (14) | 0.0202 (10) | 0.0041 (10) | 0.0208 (10) |
C17 | 0.0569 (13) | 0.0551 (12) | 0.0534 (12) | 0.0247 (10) | 0.0048 (10) | 0.0143 (10) |
C18 | 0.0420 (11) | 0.0346 (10) | 0.0673 (13) | 0.0183 (9) | 0.0037 (9) | 0.0076 (9) |
C19 | 0.0293 (9) | 0.0313 (9) | 0.0540 (11) | 0.0144 (7) | 0.0026 (7) | 0.0046 (8) |
C20 | 0.0295 (9) | 0.0320 (9) | 0.0501 (11) | 0.0140 (7) | 0.0020 (7) | 0.0032 (7) |
C21 | 0.0349 (9) | 0.0291 (9) | 0.0575 (11) | 0.0161 (8) | 0.0050 (8) | −0.0014 (8) |
C22 | 0.0312 (9) | 0.0307 (9) | 0.0491 (11) | 0.0152 (7) | 0.0045 (7) | 0.0000 (7) |
C23 | 0.0310 (9) | 0.0276 (9) | 0.0460 (10) | 0.0135 (7) | 0.0034 (7) | −0.0005 (7) |
C24 | 0.0347 (9) | 0.0289 (9) | 0.0480 (10) | 0.0140 (7) | 0.0012 (7) | −0.0004 (7) |
C25 | 0.0419 (10) | 0.0316 (9) | 0.0476 (11) | 0.0179 (8) | 0.0055 (8) | 0.0020 (7) |
C26 | 0.0451 (11) | 0.0388 (10) | 0.0472 (11) | 0.0213 (9) | 0.0067 (8) | 0.0071 (8) |
C27 | 0.0439 (11) | 0.0496 (11) | 0.0400 (10) | 0.0228 (9) | 0.0043 (8) | 0.0008 (8) |
C28 | 0.0363 (10) | 0.0386 (10) | 0.0470 (10) | 0.0191 (8) | 0.0027 (7) | −0.0060 (8) |
C29 | 0.0866 (18) | 0.102 (2) | 0.0514 (13) | 0.0379 (16) | 0.0221 (12) | 0.0158 (13) |
C34 | 0.0775 (16) | 0.0484 (12) | 0.0745 (15) | 0.0243 (12) | −0.0103 (12) | −0.0172 (11) |
O1—C21 | 1.230 (2) | C19—C21 | 1.488 (3) |
O2—C24 | 1.222 (2) | C20—C24 | 1.475 (2) |
O6—C27 | 1.369 (2) | C21—C22 | 1.473 (3) |
O6—C29 | 1.407 (3) | C22—C28 | 1.401 (3) |
O7—C28 | 1.368 (2) | C22—C23 | 1.421 (2) |
O7—C34 | 1.418 (3) | C23—C25 | 1.380 (3) |
O8—C26 | 1.355 (2) | C23—C24 | 1.482 (3) |
O8—H6 | 0.88 (3) | C25—C26 | 1.379 (3) |
C15—C17 | 1.379 (3) | C25—H5 | 0.97 (3) |
C15—C20 | 1.386 (3) | C26—C27 | 1.394 (3) |
C15—H1 | 0.98 (3) | C27—C28 | 1.400 (3) |
C16—C18 | 1.373 (3) | C29—H29A | 0.9600 |
C16—C17 | 1.382 (3) | C29—H29B | 0.9600 |
C16—H3 | 0.97 (3) | C29—H29C | 0.9600 |
C17—H2 | 0.94 (3) | C34—H34A | 0.9600 |
C18—C19 | 1.394 (3) | C34—H34B | 0.9600 |
C18—H4 | 0.90 (3) | C34—H34C | 0.9600 |
C19—C20 | 1.405 (2) | ||
C27—O6—C29 | 114.93 (16) | C22—C23—C24 | 121.57 (16) |
C28—O7—C34 | 114.31 (15) | O2—C24—C20 | 120.49 (16) |
C26—O8—H6 | 102 (2) | O2—C24—C23 | 121.23 (16) |
C17—C15—C20 | 120.31 (19) | C20—C24—C23 | 118.26 (15) |
C17—C15—H1 | 122.3 (18) | C26—C25—C23 | 120.99 (16) |
C20—C15—H1 | 117.3 (18) | C26—C25—H5 | 121.2 (18) |
C18—C16—C17 | 120.59 (19) | C23—C25—H5 | 117.8 (18) |
C18—C16—H3 | 119.1 (17) | O8—C26—C25 | 123.02 (16) |
C17—C16—H3 | 120.2 (17) | O8—C26—C27 | 117.56 (16) |
C15—C17—C16 | 120.0 (2) | C25—C26—C27 | 119.41 (17) |
C15—C17—H2 | 116.1 (19) | O6—C27—C26 | 120.69 (17) |
C16—C17—H2 | 123.9 (19) | O6—C27—C28 | 119.27 (16) |
C16—C18—C19 | 120.33 (19) | C26—C27—C28 | 119.98 (17) |
C16—C18—H4 | 122 (2) | O7—C28—C27 | 117.34 (16) |
C19—C18—H4 | 118 (2) | O7—C28—C22 | 121.20 (17) |
C18—C19—C20 | 119.00 (18) | C27—C28—C22 | 121.44 (15) |
C18—C19—C21 | 119.49 (16) | O6—C29—H29A | 109.5 |
C20—C19—C21 | 121.50 (16) | O6—C29—H29B | 109.5 |
C15—C20—C19 | 119.80 (16) | H29A—C29—H29B | 109.5 |
C15—C20—C24 | 119.84 (16) | O6—C29—H29C | 109.5 |
C19—C20—C24 | 120.34 (16) | H29A—C29—H29C | 109.5 |
O1—C21—C22 | 123.18 (18) | H29B—C29—H29C | 109.5 |
O1—C21—C19 | 118.37 (17) | O7—C34—H34A | 109.5 |
C22—C21—C19 | 118.45 (14) | O7—C34—H34B | 109.5 |
C28—C22—C23 | 116.89 (16) | H34A—C34—H34B | 109.5 |
C28—C22—C21 | 123.33 (15) | O7—C34—H34C | 109.5 |
C23—C22—C21 | 119.77 (16) | H34A—C34—H34C | 109.5 |
C25—C23—C22 | 121.27 (17) | H34B—C34—H34C | 109.5 |
C25—C23—C24 | 117.15 (15) | ||
C20—C15—C17—C16 | 0.1 (3) | C19—C20—C24—C23 | 2.0 (2) |
C18—C16—C17—C15 | −0.6 (3) | C25—C23—C24—O2 | −2.5 (3) |
C17—C16—C18—C19 | 0.7 (3) | C22—C23—C24—O2 | 176.29 (16) |
C16—C18—C19—C20 | −0.4 (3) | C25—C23—C24—C20 | 179.16 (14) |
C16—C18—C19—C21 | −179.35 (16) | C22—C23—C24—C20 | −2.1 (2) |
C17—C15—C20—C19 | 0.2 (3) | C22—C23—C25—C26 | −0.8 (3) |
C17—C15—C20—C24 | −178.33 (16) | C24—C23—C25—C26 | 178.01 (15) |
C18—C19—C20—C15 | −0.1 (3) | C23—C25—C26—O8 | −177.61 (16) |
C21—C19—C20—C15 | 178.84 (15) | C23—C25—C26—C27 | 1.2 (3) |
C18—C19—C20—C24 | 178.43 (15) | C29—O6—C27—C26 | −78.9 (2) |
C21—C19—C20—C24 | −2.6 (2) | C29—O6—C27—C28 | 103.9 (2) |
C18—C19—C21—O1 | 2.4 (3) | O8—C26—C27—O6 | 0.7 (3) |
C20—C19—C21—O1 | −176.58 (15) | C25—C26—C27—O6 | −178.22 (16) |
C18—C19—C21—C22 | −177.85 (15) | O8—C26—C27—C28 | 177.81 (16) |
C20—C19—C21—C22 | 3.2 (2) | C25—C26—C27—C28 | −1.1 (3) |
O1—C21—C22—C28 | −2.1 (3) | C34—O7—C28—C27 | 85.1 (2) |
C19—C21—C22—C28 | 178.18 (15) | C34—O7—C28—C22 | −96.8 (2) |
O1—C21—C22—C23 | 176.54 (16) | O6—C27—C28—O7 | −4.2 (3) |
C19—C21—C22—C23 | −3.2 (2) | C26—C27—C28—O7 | 178.56 (15) |
C28—C22—C23—C25 | 0.2 (3) | O6—C27—C28—C22 | 177.70 (15) |
C21—C22—C23—C25 | −178.54 (15) | C26—C27—C28—C22 | 0.5 (3) |
C28—C22—C23—C24 | −178.54 (14) | C23—C22—C28—O7 | −178.03 (14) |
C21—C22—C23—C24 | 2.8 (2) | C21—C22—C28—O7 | 0.6 (3) |
C15—C20—C24—O2 | 2.2 (3) | C23—C22—C28—C27 | 0.0 (3) |
C19—C20—C24—O2 | −176.41 (16) | C21—C22—C28—C27 | 178.61 (15) |
C15—C20—C24—C23 | −179.46 (15) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C25—H5···O1i | 0.97 (3) | 2.57 (3) | 3.256 (2) | 128 (2) |
O8—H6···O1i | 0.88 (3) | 1.91 (3) | 2.781 (2) | 168 (3) |
Symmetry code: (i) x, y−1, z. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C16H12O5 |
Mr | 284.26 |
Crystal system, space group | Triclinic, P1 |
Temperature (K) | 293 |
a, b, c (Å) | 7.4087 (17), 8.0387 (18), 11.802 (3) |
α, β, γ (°) | 95.386 (3), 92.357 (3), 115.712 (2) |
V (Å3) | 627.9 (3) |
Z | 2 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.11 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.30 × 0.20 × 0.20 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Bruker APEXII area-detector diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.967, 0.978 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 3200, 2182, 1639 |
Rint | 0.013 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.594 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.044, 0.136, 1.06 |
No. of reflections | 2182 |
No. of parameters | 210 |
H-atom treatment | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.25, −0.17 |
Computer programs: APEX2 (Bruker, 2004), SAINT (Bruker, 2004), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), XP in SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C25—H5···O1i | 0.97 (3) | 2.57 (3) | 3.256 (2) | 128 (2) |
O8—H6···O1i | 0.88 (3) | 1.91 (3) | 2.781 (2) | 168 (3) |
Symmetry code: (i) x, y−1, z. |
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the Guangdong Province Natural Science Foundation (grant No. 7007735) for financial support.
References
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Anthraquinone derivatives extracted from the roots of Morinda officinalis How. (most common familiar name in China: Bajitian) have been used to support the entire body treating a wide range of symptoms, including poor digestion, high blood pressure and immune deficiencies in China since ancient times. Recent studies have demonstrated that they have multiple pharmacological actions such as anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antihepatotoxic and antimutagenic activities (Kim et al., 2005). One component found in Morinda officinalis How., 1,2-dimethoxy-3-hydroxyanthraquinone, exhibits a variety of potent biological effects such as antiviral and antimicrobial activities (Ali et al., 2000), antioxidant activity (Jia et al., 2007) and cyototoxic activity (Wu et al., 2003). We report here the structure of the title compound.
In the title compound (Fig. 1), the C-C bond lengths show normal values (Allen et al., 1987), and the C-O and C=O bond lengths are comparable to those observed in similar structures (Ng et al., 2005; Boonnak et al., 2005). The anthraquinone ring system is substantially planar, the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings being 1.12 (4)°. The molecules are self-assembled by C—H···O and O—H···.O hydrogen bonding interactions (Table 1) into a supramolecular network. The crystal structure is further stabilized by weak π-π interactions along the a axis (Fig. 2) between the anthraquinone ring systems of the stacked molecules. The centroid-to-centriod distances between related benzene rings of the stacked molecules is 3.699 (4)Å, thus indicating weak π-π contacts.