organic compounds
(R,R)-Disynephrine ether bis(hydrogen sulfate)
aSchering-Plough Research Institute, Newhouse, Motherwell ML1 5SH, Scotland, and bDepartment of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland
*Correspondence e-mail: a.r.kennedy@strath.ac.uk
The R,R)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N,N′-dimethyl-3-oxapentane-1,5-diammonium bis(hydrogen sulfate)], C18H26N2O32+·2HSO4−, contains one half-cation and one hydrogen sulfate anion. The cation has crystallographically imposed twofold symmetry with the rotation axis passing through the central ether O atom. Hydrogen bonds between the hydroxy group and amine H atoms of the cation to two hydrogen sulfate anions link the three ions in a ring motif. A three-dimensional network is accomplished by additional O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the anions and by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the cations. Disorder with equally occupied sites affects the H-atom position in the anion.
of the title compound [systematic name: (Related literature
For the preparation and structure of the equivalent bromide salt, see: Mukhopadhyay & Dattagupta (1984, 1988). For recent examples of synephrine use, see: Blanck et al. (2007): Haller et al. (2008). For general background, see: Bruice (2007); Jacques et al. (1981).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Data collection: CrysAlis CCD (Oxford Diffraction, 2007); cell CrysAlis CCD; data reduction: CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2007); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97.
Supporting information
10.1107/S1600536809025288/wm2243sup1.cif
contains datablocks global, I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536809025288/wm2243Isup2.hkl
The title compound was obtained on treating an aqueous solution of (+/-)synephrine with dilute sulfuric acid. Single-crystals were obtained by allowing the solvent of the reaction mixture to evaporate at 295 K. 1H NMR (DMSO-d6) 9.67 (2H, s br, OH); 8.40 (4H, s br, NH2); 7.07 (4H, d, sp2 CH); 6.80 (4H, d, sp2 CH); 4.20 (2H, dd, OCH); 3.32 (2H, m, CH2); 2.99 (2H, m, CH2); 2.57 (6H, t, Me).
Amine H atomes were found by difference synthesis and refined isotropically. All other H atoms of the cation were positioned geometrically at distances of 0.95, 1.00, 0.99, 0.98 and 0.84 Å from the parent atoms for CH(ar), CH(sp3), CH2, CH3 and ROH groups respectively. For these groups a riding model was used with Uiso(H) values constrained to be 1.2 times Ueq of the parent atom for CH and CH2 groups and 1.5 times Ueq of the parent atom for OH and CH3 groups. The anion's proton was found by difference synthesis to be disordered over two equally occupied sites. These were placed as found and constrained to ride on the parent O atoms with Uiso(H) equal to 1.5 times Ueq of the parent atom.
Data collection: CrysAlis CCD (Oxford Diffraction, 2007); cell
CrysAlis CCD (Oxford Diffraction, 2007); data reduction: CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2007); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008).Fig. 1. The molecular structure and atomic labelling of the cation, showing 50% probability displacement ellipsoids. H atoms are shown as spheres of arbitrary radius. | |
Fig. 2. The hydrogen-bonded ring motif between one cation and two anions in the structure of [C18H26N2O3][SO4H]2. | |
Fig. 3. Packed structure viewed down the c-axis. S-atoms are pink and O-atoms are red. Hydrogen-bonding is shown as dashed lines. |
C18H26N2O32+·2HSO4− | F(000) = 540 |
Mr = 512.54 | Dx = 1.561 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, C2 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: C 2y | Cell parameters from 3122 reflections |
a = 13.7204 (9) Å | θ = 2.4–29.1° |
b = 11.5853 (5) Å | µ = 0.31 mm−1 |
c = 7.6579 (5) Å | T = 123 K |
β = 116.413 (8)° | Prism, colourless |
V = 1090.19 (13) Å3 | 0.23 × 0.15 × 0.11 mm |
Z = 2 |
Oxford Diffraction Gemini S CCD diffractometer | 2401 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 2034 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.027 |
ω scans | θmax = 28.0°, θmin = 2.4° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (ABSPACK; Oxford Diffraction, 2007) | h = −17→16 |
Tmin = 0.974, Tmax = 1.000 | k = −14→14 |
5888 measured reflections | l = −10→10 |
Refinement on F2 | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
Least-squares matrix: full | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.043 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
wR(F2) = 0.111 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.071P)2] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
S = 1.03 | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
2401 reflections | Δρmax = 0.57 e Å−3 |
161 parameters | Δρmin = −0.43 e Å−3 |
1 restraint | Absolute structure: Flack (1983), 1032 Friedel pairs |
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods | Absolute structure parameter: 0.08 (11) |
C18H26N2O32+·2HSO4− | V = 1090.19 (13) Å3 |
Mr = 512.54 | Z = 2 |
Monoclinic, C2 | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 13.7204 (9) Å | µ = 0.31 mm−1 |
b = 11.5853 (5) Å | T = 123 K |
c = 7.6579 (5) Å | 0.23 × 0.15 × 0.11 mm |
β = 116.413 (8)° |
Oxford Diffraction Gemini S CCD diffractometer | 2401 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (ABSPACK; Oxford Diffraction, 2007) | 2034 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.974, Tmax = 1.000 | Rint = 0.027 |
5888 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.043 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
wR(F2) = 0.111 | Δρmax = 0.57 e Å−3 |
S = 1.03 | Δρmin = −0.43 e Å−3 |
2401 reflections | Absolute structure: Flack (1983), 1032 Friedel pairs |
161 parameters | Absolute structure parameter: 0.08 (11) |
1 restraint |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | Occ. (<1) | |
S1 | 0.08291 (6) | 0.20896 (7) | 0.33257 (10) | 0.0289 (2) | |
O1 | 0.17446 (14) | 0.40319 (17) | −0.2357 (3) | 0.0181 (4) | |
H1 | 0.1185 | 0.3616 | −0.2796 | 0.027* | |
O2 | 0.5000 | 0.1062 (2) | 0.5000 | 0.0128 (5) | |
O3 | 0.02688 (19) | 0.31541 (19) | 0.3192 (4) | 0.0304 (6) | |
O4 | 0.19286 (16) | 0.2108 (3) | 0.4864 (3) | 0.0395 (6) | |
O5 | 0.0193 (2) | 0.1104 (2) | 0.3550 (4) | 0.0456 (7) | |
H1S | 0.0204 | 0.1255 | 0.4724 | 0.068* | 0.50 |
O6 | 0.0896 (2) | 0.1834 (3) | 0.1477 (4) | 0.0519 (8) | |
H2S | 0.0295 | 0.2160 | 0.0149 | 0.078* | 0.50 |
N1 | 0.6712 (2) | 0.0279 (2) | 0.4186 (4) | 0.0191 (5) | |
C1 | 0.4315 (2) | 0.2368 (2) | 0.2158 (3) | 0.0135 (6) | |
C2 | 0.3329 (2) | 0.1795 (2) | 0.1126 (4) | 0.0156 (6) | |
H2 | 0.3247 | 0.1025 | 0.1470 | 0.019* | |
C3 | 0.2473 (2) | 0.2329 (2) | −0.0382 (4) | 0.0166 (6) | |
H3 | 0.1807 | 0.1927 | −0.1078 | 0.020* | |
C4 | 0.2581 (2) | 0.3458 (2) | −0.0891 (4) | 0.0139 (5) | |
C5 | 0.3554 (2) | 0.4041 (3) | 0.0124 (4) | 0.0182 (6) | |
H5 | 0.3633 | 0.4812 | −0.0217 | 0.022* | |
C6 | 0.4414 (2) | 0.3491 (2) | 0.1646 (4) | 0.0173 (6) | |
H6 | 0.5079 | 0.3893 | 0.2346 | 0.021* | |
C7 | 0.5277 (2) | 0.1742 (2) | 0.3714 (4) | 0.0136 (5) | |
H7 | 0.5851 | 0.2315 | 0.4495 | 0.016* | |
C8 | 0.5734 (2) | 0.0900 (3) | 0.2748 (4) | 0.0172 (6) | |
H8A | 0.5165 | 0.0329 | 0.1989 | 0.021* | |
H8B | 0.5928 | 0.1326 | 0.1827 | 0.021* | |
C9 | 0.7267 (3) | −0.0381 (3) | 0.3240 (5) | 0.0302 (7) | |
H9A | 0.7837 | −0.0864 | 0.4212 | 0.045* | |
H9B | 0.7595 | 0.0155 | 0.2662 | 0.045* | |
H9C | 0.6738 | −0.0873 | 0.2216 | 0.045* | |
H1N | 0.711 (2) | 0.082 (3) | 0.482 (4) | 0.013 (8)* | |
H2N | 0.648 (3) | −0.011 (3) | 0.480 (4) | 0.012 (8)* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
S1 | 0.0228 (4) | 0.0289 (4) | 0.0312 (4) | 0.0004 (4) | 0.0086 (3) | −0.0031 (4) |
O1 | 0.0142 (9) | 0.0149 (9) | 0.0191 (10) | 0.0002 (8) | 0.0019 (8) | 0.0039 (8) |
O2 | 0.0139 (12) | 0.0143 (13) | 0.0101 (11) | 0.000 | 0.0053 (10) | 0.000 |
O3 | 0.0196 (11) | 0.0272 (12) | 0.0420 (13) | 0.0024 (9) | 0.0117 (10) | −0.0016 (10) |
O4 | 0.0275 (11) | 0.0363 (12) | 0.0388 (12) | 0.0082 (14) | 0.0005 (9) | 0.0003 (14) |
O5 | 0.0485 (16) | 0.0330 (14) | 0.0552 (17) | −0.0104 (13) | 0.0231 (14) | −0.0060 (13) |
O6 | 0.0427 (15) | 0.072 (2) | 0.0398 (14) | 0.0081 (15) | 0.0172 (13) | −0.0090 (13) |
N1 | 0.0160 (12) | 0.0187 (13) | 0.0244 (12) | 0.0036 (10) | 0.0106 (11) | 0.0065 (11) |
C1 | 0.0139 (13) | 0.0157 (15) | 0.0108 (11) | 0.0032 (9) | 0.0054 (10) | 0.0027 (9) |
C2 | 0.0190 (13) | 0.0106 (13) | 0.0178 (12) | −0.0004 (10) | 0.0088 (11) | 0.0009 (9) |
C3 | 0.0134 (13) | 0.0172 (16) | 0.0178 (12) | −0.0026 (10) | 0.0057 (10) | −0.0019 (10) |
C4 | 0.0164 (13) | 0.0118 (12) | 0.0125 (12) | 0.0040 (10) | 0.0055 (11) | 0.0010 (10) |
C5 | 0.0184 (14) | 0.0138 (12) | 0.0217 (14) | 0.0003 (12) | 0.0082 (12) | 0.0044 (11) |
C6 | 0.0135 (13) | 0.0140 (13) | 0.0224 (13) | −0.0030 (11) | 0.0063 (11) | −0.0010 (11) |
C7 | 0.0143 (12) | 0.0120 (12) | 0.0133 (12) | −0.0016 (9) | 0.0053 (10) | 0.0011 (9) |
C8 | 0.0145 (13) | 0.0239 (15) | 0.0148 (12) | 0.0049 (11) | 0.0079 (10) | 0.0031 (11) |
C9 | 0.0292 (18) | 0.0236 (17) | 0.047 (2) | 0.0087 (13) | 0.0251 (16) | 0.0051 (14) |
S1—O3 | 1.433 (2) | C1—C7 | 1.513 (3) |
S1—O4 | 1.443 (2) | C2—C3 | 1.375 (4) |
S1—O6 | 1.488 (3) | C2—H2 | 0.9500 |
S1—O5 | 1.492 (3) | C3—C4 | 1.392 (4) |
O1—C4 | 1.368 (3) | C3—H3 | 0.9500 |
O1—H1 | 0.8400 | C4—C5 | 1.386 (4) |
O2—C7 | 1.438 (3) | C5—C6 | 1.390 (4) |
O2—C7i | 1.438 (3) | C5—H5 | 0.9500 |
O5—H1S | 0.9095 | C6—H6 | 0.9500 |
O6—H2S | 1.0540 | C7—C8 | 1.517 (4) |
N1—C9 | 1.477 (4) | C7—H7 | 1.0000 |
N1—C8 | 1.489 (3) | C8—H8A | 0.9900 |
N1—H1N | 0.83 (3) | C8—H8B | 0.9900 |
N1—H2N | 0.82 (3) | C9—H9A | 0.9800 |
C1—C6 | 1.383 (4) | C9—H9B | 0.9800 |
C1—C2 | 1.395 (4) | C9—H9C | 0.9800 |
O3—S1—O4 | 112.25 (15) | O1—C4—C3 | 122.1 (2) |
O3—S1—O6 | 111.20 (16) | C5—C4—C3 | 119.8 (2) |
O4—S1—O6 | 107.16 (15) | C4—C5—C6 | 119.6 (3) |
O3—S1—O5 | 110.11 (14) | C4—C5—H5 | 120.2 |
O4—S1—O5 | 111.70 (16) | C6—C5—H5 | 120.2 |
O6—S1—O5 | 104.10 (17) | C1—C6—C5 | 121.0 (2) |
C4—O1—H1 | 109.5 | C1—C6—H6 | 119.5 |
C7—O2—C7i | 113.6 (3) | C5—C6—H6 | 119.5 |
S1—O5—H1S | 102.3 | O2—C7—C1 | 113.45 (19) |
S1—O6—H2S | 119.6 | O2—C7—C8 | 105.9 (2) |
C9—N1—C8 | 112.3 (2) | C1—C7—C8 | 109.2 (2) |
C9—N1—H1N | 109 (2) | O2—C7—H7 | 109.4 |
C8—N1—H1N | 102 (2) | C1—C7—H7 | 109.4 |
C9—N1—H2N | 114 (2) | C8—C7—H7 | 109.4 |
C8—N1—H2N | 104 (2) | N1—C8—C7 | 112.5 (2) |
H1N—N1—H2N | 114 (3) | N1—C8—H8A | 109.1 |
C6—C1—C2 | 118.7 (2) | C7—C8—H8A | 109.1 |
C6—C1—C7 | 120.9 (2) | N1—C8—H8B | 109.1 |
C2—C1—C7 | 120.3 (2) | C7—C8—H8B | 109.1 |
C3—C2—C1 | 120.8 (2) | H8A—C8—H8B | 107.8 |
C3—C2—H2 | 119.6 | N1—C9—H9A | 109.5 |
C1—C2—H2 | 119.6 | N1—C9—H9B | 109.5 |
C2—C3—C4 | 120.1 (2) | H9A—C9—H9B | 109.5 |
C2—C3—H3 | 120.0 | N1—C9—H9C | 109.5 |
C4—C3—H3 | 120.0 | H9A—C9—H9C | 109.5 |
O1—C4—C5 | 118.1 (2) | H9B—C9—H9C | 109.5 |
C6—C1—C2—C3 | 0.6 (4) | C7i—O2—C7—C1 | −70.07 (17) |
C7—C1—C2—C3 | −175.4 (2) | C7i—O2—C7—C8 | 170.1 (2) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | −0.4 (4) | C6—C1—C7—O2 | 139.0 (2) |
C2—C3—C4—O1 | −178.7 (2) | C2—C1—C7—O2 | −45.1 (3) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | 0.2 (4) | C6—C1—C7—C8 | −103.1 (3) |
O1—C4—C5—C6 | 178.8 (2) | C2—C1—C7—C8 | 72.8 (3) |
C3—C4—C5—C6 | −0.1 (4) | C9—N1—C8—C7 | −169.9 (2) |
C2—C1—C6—C5 | −0.5 (4) | O2—C7—C8—N1 | −59.6 (3) |
C7—C1—C6—C5 | 175.4 (2) | C1—C7—C8—N1 | 177.9 (2) |
C4—C5—C6—C1 | 0.3 (4) |
Symmetry code: (i) −x+1, y, −z+1. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O1—H1···O3ii | 0.84 | 1.95 | 2.739 (3) | 155 |
N1—H1N···O4i | 0.83 (3) | 1.93 (3) | 2.700 (4) | 153 (3) |
N1—H2N···O1iii | 0.82 (3) | 2.27 (3) | 2.999 (3) | 149 (3) |
O5—H1S···O5iv | 0.91 | 1.65 | 2.502 (6) | 155 |
O6—H2S···O6ii | 1.05 | 1.60 | 2.493 (5) | 139 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, y, −z+1; (ii) −x, y, −z; (iii) x+1/2, y−1/2, z+1; (iv) −x, y, −z+1. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C18H26N2O32+·2HSO4− |
Mr | 512.54 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, C2 |
Temperature (K) | 123 |
a, b, c (Å) | 13.7204 (9), 11.5853 (5), 7.6579 (5) |
β (°) | 116.413 (8) |
V (Å3) | 1090.19 (13) |
Z | 2 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.31 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.23 × 0.15 × 0.11 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Oxford Diffraction Gemini S CCD diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (ABSPACK; Oxford Diffraction, 2007) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.974, 1.000 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 5888, 2401, 2034 |
Rint | 0.027 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.660 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.043, 0.111, 1.03 |
No. of reflections | 2401 |
No. of parameters | 161 |
No. of restraints | 1 |
H-atom treatment | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.57, −0.43 |
Absolute structure | Flack (1983), 1032 Friedel pairs |
Absolute structure parameter | 0.08 (11) |
Computer programs: CrysAlis CCD (Oxford Diffraction, 2007), CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2007), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997).
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O1—H1···O3i | 0.84 | 1.95 | 2.739 (3) | 155.2 |
N1—H1N···O4ii | 0.83 (3) | 1.93 (3) | 2.700 (4) | 153 (3) |
N1—H2N···O1iii | 0.82 (3) | 2.27 (3) | 2.999 (3) | 149 (3) |
O5—H1S···O5iv | 0.91 | 1.65 | 2.502 (6) | 155.1 |
O6—H2S···O6i | 1.05 | 1.60 | 2.493 (5) | 139.2 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x, y, −z; (ii) −x+1, y, −z+1; (iii) x+1/2, y−1/2, z+1; (iv) −x, y, −z+1. |
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Schering-Plough for funding towards a studentship (CAM).
References
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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are cited.
Synephrine (systematic name 2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-methylethanamine) is a member of the phenylethylamine drug family and it is often found in products marketed as "traditional medicines" or "weight-loss" pills (Blanck et al., 2007; Haller et al., 2008). An attempt to prepare the sulfate salt of a racemic sample gave instead only the title compound, di-synephrine ether di-hydrogen sulfate, presumably via a variation of the well known SN2 condensation reaction (Mukhopadhyay & Dattagupta, 1988; Bruice, 2007).
The salt crystallizes in space group C2, with half a cation and one hydrogen sulfate anion in the asymmetric unit. The twofold rotation axis passes through O2, the etheric O atom (Fig. 1). The (R,R) conformation was assigned after refinement of the Flack parameter (0.08 (11)). The bulk sample is presumably thus a conglomerate (Jacques et al., 1981). Similar symmetry is seen in the molecular structure of the analogous bromide salt (Mukhopadhyay & Dattagupta, 1988). Despite the gross structural similarities imposed by the identical symmetries, the two salts do have somewhat different conformations. This is best illustrated by the C8—C7—C7*—C8* torsion angle (-28.7 (3) ° here and -11.3 ° in the Br salt). Disorder effects the H atom position in the [HSO4] anion, with equally occupied proton sites (50:50) associated with both O5 and O6.
Hydrogen bonds (Table 1) from the cation's hydroxy and amine H atoms to two [HSO4] anions link the three ions (one cation and two anions) in a ring motif (Fig. 2). Further anion to anion hydrogen bonded interactions give columns of [HSO4] lying along the c direction and complete a hydrogen bonded network in the ac plane (Fig. 3). A final, weaker cation to cation interaction between the NH2 and –OH links these planes in the b direction.