organic compounds
1-Benzyl-3-phenylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate
aSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, People's Republic of China
*Correspondence e-mail: jphdp868@126.com
in the title compound, C16H15N2+·PF6−, a precursor of N-heterocyclic carbene, the phenyl and benzyl rings are twisted away from the central imidazolium ring system, making dihedral angles of 70.30 (8) and 32.03 (10)°, respectively. The is stabilized by C—H⋯F hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, P—F⋯π interactions involving imidazolium rings are observed [F⋯π = 2.9857 (16), P⋯π = 4.1630 (16) Å, P—F⋯π = 127.92 (6)°].
Related literature
The first stable N-heterocyclic carbene was isolated by Arduengo et al. (1991). For the synthesis, see: Liu et al. (2003). For related structures, see: Wan et al. (2008). For related structures, see: Newman et al. (2007); Herrmann (2002); Yang et al. (2009).
Experimental
Crystal data
|
Refinement
|
Data collection: RAPID-AUTO (Rigaku/MSC, 2004); cell RAPID-AUTO; data reduction: RAPID-AUTO; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL.
Supporting information
10.1107/S1600536809031584/at2854sup1.cif
contains datablocks global, I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536809031584/at2854Isup2.hkl
The title compound was prepared according to the reported procedure of Liu et al. (2003). Colourless single crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction were obtained by recrystallization from dichloromethane and pPetroleum ether.
H atoms were placed in calculated positions with C—H = 0.95–0.9900 Å, and refined in riding mode with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C).
Data collection: RAPID-AUTO (Rigaku/MSC, 2004); cell
RAPID-AUTO (Rigaku/MSC, 2004); data reduction: RAPID-AUTO (Rigaku/MSC, 2004); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).Fig. 1. The molecular structure of the title compound, showing 30% probability displacement ellipsoids and the atomic numbering. |
C16H15N2+·PF6− | Z = 2 |
Mr = 380.27 | F(000) = 388 |
Triclinic, P1 | Dx = 1.563 Mg m−3 |
Hall symbol: -P 1 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
a = 9.221 (2) Å | Cell parameters from 2516 reflections |
b = 10.046 (3) Å | θ = 3.1–27.5° |
c = 10.108 (2) Å | µ = 0.24 mm−1 |
α = 110.733 (2)° | T = 93 K |
β = 91.969 (2)° | Block, colourless |
γ = 110.315 (2)° | 0.43 × 0.40 × 0.37 mm |
V = 807.9 (3) Å3 |
Rigaku SPIDER diffractometer | 2902 independent reflections |
Radiation source: Rotating Anode | 2361 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.017 |
ω scans | θmax = 25.5°, θmin = 3.1° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (ABSCOR; Higashi, 1995) | h = −11→7 |
Tmin = 0.905, Tmax = 0.919 | k = −11→12 |
4739 measured reflections | l = −12→11 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.035 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.084 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.00 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.043P)2 + 0.066P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
2902 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
226 parameters | Δρmax = 0.22 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.28 e Å−3 |
C16H15N2+·PF6− | γ = 110.315 (2)° |
Mr = 380.27 | V = 807.9 (3) Å3 |
Triclinic, P1 | Z = 2 |
a = 9.221 (2) Å | Mo Kα radiation |
b = 10.046 (3) Å | µ = 0.24 mm−1 |
c = 10.108 (2) Å | T = 93 K |
α = 110.733 (2)° | 0.43 × 0.40 × 0.37 mm |
β = 91.969 (2)° |
Rigaku SPIDER diffractometer | 2902 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (ABSCOR; Higashi, 1995) | 2361 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.905, Tmax = 0.919 | Rint = 0.017 |
4739 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.035 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.084 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.00 | Δρmax = 0.22 e Å−3 |
2902 reflections | Δρmin = −0.28 e Å−3 |
226 parameters |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
P1 | 1.23197 (5) | 1.00569 (5) | 0.79232 (5) | 0.02127 (14) | |
F1 | 1.38948 (11) | 1.06413 (12) | 0.73171 (11) | 0.0297 (3) | |
F2 | 1.07593 (13) | 0.94747 (15) | 0.85307 (13) | 0.0444 (3) | |
F3 | 1.16399 (13) | 1.10464 (14) | 0.73467 (12) | 0.0380 (3) | |
F4 | 1.30246 (13) | 0.90834 (14) | 0.85235 (12) | 0.0381 (3) | |
F5 | 1.30920 (14) | 1.15038 (13) | 0.94289 (11) | 0.0427 (3) | |
F6 | 1.15883 (14) | 0.86186 (13) | 0.64242 (12) | 0.0433 (3) | |
N1 | 0.47043 (15) | 0.20046 (16) | 0.35708 (14) | 0.0188 (3) | |
N2 | 0.28468 (15) | −0.02584 (16) | 0.25378 (14) | 0.0192 (3) | |
C1 | 0.5504 (2) | 0.4242 (2) | 0.29382 (18) | 0.0235 (4) | |
H1 | 0.4593 | 0.3740 | 0.2211 | 0.028* | |
C2 | 0.6550 (2) | 0.5713 (2) | 0.31694 (19) | 0.0255 (4) | |
H2 | 0.6367 | 0.6216 | 0.2581 | 0.031* | |
C3 | 0.7858 (2) | 0.6454 (2) | 0.42503 (18) | 0.0241 (4) | |
H3 | 0.8553 | 0.7475 | 0.4422 | 0.029* | |
C4 | 0.8153 (2) | 0.5709 (2) | 0.50786 (19) | 0.0270 (4) | |
H4 | 0.9061 | 0.6213 | 0.5810 | 0.032* | |
C5 | 0.7131 (2) | 0.4229 (2) | 0.48495 (19) | 0.0243 (4) | |
H5 | 0.7337 | 0.3714 | 0.5416 | 0.029* | |
C6 | 0.58132 (19) | 0.3514 (2) | 0.37897 (18) | 0.0191 (4) | |
C7 | 0.4319 (2) | 0.1417 (2) | 0.46130 (18) | 0.0218 (4) | |
H7 | 0.4787 | 0.1912 | 0.5602 | 0.026* | |
C8 | 0.3160 (2) | 0.0014 (2) | 0.39716 (18) | 0.0223 (4) | |
H8 | 0.2652 | −0.0662 | 0.4423 | 0.027* | |
C9 | 0.37939 (19) | 0.0950 (2) | 0.23205 (18) | 0.0194 (4) | |
H9 | 0.3822 | 0.1051 | 0.1421 | 0.023* | |
C10 | 0.1627 (2) | −0.1631 (2) | 0.14214 (19) | 0.0233 (4) | |
H10A | 0.1772 | −0.1595 | 0.0467 | 0.028* | |
H10B | 0.0580 | −0.1612 | 0.1581 | 0.028* | |
C11 | 0.16757 (19) | −0.3114 (2) | 0.14213 (17) | 0.0197 (4) | |
C12 | 0.28553 (19) | −0.3616 (2) | 0.08983 (18) | 0.0224 (4) | |
H12 | 0.3691 | −0.2983 | 0.0598 | 0.027* | |
C13 | 0.2811 (2) | −0.5030 (2) | 0.08160 (18) | 0.0254 (4) | |
H13 | 0.3614 | −0.5368 | 0.0453 | 0.030* | |
C14 | 0.1600 (2) | −0.5965 (2) | 0.12598 (18) | 0.0255 (4) | |
H14 | 0.1569 | −0.6941 | 0.1195 | 0.031* | |
C15 | 0.0439 (2) | −0.5460 (2) | 0.17967 (18) | 0.0248 (4) | |
H15 | −0.0385 | −0.6087 | 0.2113 | 0.030* | |
C16 | 0.04776 (19) | −0.4049 (2) | 0.18733 (17) | 0.0219 (4) | |
H16 | −0.0325 | −0.3713 | 0.2240 | 0.026* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
P1 | 0.0232 (3) | 0.0215 (3) | 0.0217 (3) | 0.0089 (2) | 0.0073 (2) | 0.0108 (2) |
F1 | 0.0233 (5) | 0.0358 (7) | 0.0297 (6) | 0.0075 (5) | 0.0084 (5) | 0.0159 (5) |
F2 | 0.0366 (7) | 0.0571 (9) | 0.0629 (8) | 0.0237 (6) | 0.0301 (6) | 0.0422 (7) |
F3 | 0.0390 (7) | 0.0481 (8) | 0.0470 (7) | 0.0250 (6) | 0.0148 (6) | 0.0323 (7) |
F4 | 0.0498 (7) | 0.0469 (8) | 0.0437 (7) | 0.0330 (6) | 0.0230 (6) | 0.0315 (6) |
F5 | 0.0644 (8) | 0.0339 (7) | 0.0229 (6) | 0.0196 (6) | 0.0073 (6) | 0.0029 (6) |
F6 | 0.0445 (7) | 0.0274 (7) | 0.0348 (7) | −0.0020 (6) | −0.0008 (5) | 0.0025 (6) |
N1 | 0.0206 (7) | 0.0181 (8) | 0.0174 (8) | 0.0075 (6) | 0.0029 (6) | 0.0066 (7) |
N2 | 0.0197 (7) | 0.0187 (8) | 0.0184 (8) | 0.0076 (6) | 0.0021 (6) | 0.0063 (7) |
C1 | 0.0236 (9) | 0.0251 (10) | 0.0214 (10) | 0.0088 (8) | 0.0026 (8) | 0.0094 (8) |
C2 | 0.0305 (10) | 0.0247 (10) | 0.0259 (10) | 0.0122 (8) | 0.0077 (8) | 0.0134 (9) |
C3 | 0.0251 (9) | 0.0209 (10) | 0.0239 (10) | 0.0065 (8) | 0.0083 (8) | 0.0081 (8) |
C4 | 0.0244 (9) | 0.0275 (11) | 0.0228 (10) | 0.0061 (8) | −0.0002 (8) | 0.0070 (9) |
C5 | 0.0264 (9) | 0.0238 (10) | 0.0227 (10) | 0.0086 (8) | 0.0015 (8) | 0.0103 (9) |
C6 | 0.0211 (9) | 0.0178 (9) | 0.0177 (9) | 0.0081 (7) | 0.0058 (7) | 0.0053 (8) |
C7 | 0.0308 (10) | 0.0232 (10) | 0.0148 (9) | 0.0128 (8) | 0.0059 (7) | 0.0086 (8) |
C8 | 0.0292 (10) | 0.0234 (10) | 0.0174 (9) | 0.0121 (8) | 0.0070 (8) | 0.0093 (8) |
C9 | 0.0203 (8) | 0.0216 (10) | 0.0164 (9) | 0.0088 (7) | 0.0023 (7) | 0.0068 (8) |
C10 | 0.0210 (9) | 0.0238 (10) | 0.0216 (10) | 0.0059 (8) | −0.0007 (7) | 0.0078 (8) |
C11 | 0.0202 (8) | 0.0204 (10) | 0.0146 (9) | 0.0059 (7) | −0.0017 (7) | 0.0049 (8) |
C12 | 0.0187 (9) | 0.0248 (10) | 0.0218 (10) | 0.0060 (8) | 0.0038 (7) | 0.0092 (8) |
C13 | 0.0233 (9) | 0.0292 (11) | 0.0229 (10) | 0.0120 (8) | −0.0007 (8) | 0.0079 (9) |
C14 | 0.0293 (10) | 0.0209 (10) | 0.0218 (10) | 0.0065 (8) | −0.0052 (8) | 0.0073 (8) |
C15 | 0.0225 (9) | 0.0265 (11) | 0.0205 (10) | 0.0019 (8) | −0.0006 (8) | 0.0116 (9) |
C16 | 0.0200 (9) | 0.0264 (10) | 0.0147 (9) | 0.0063 (8) | 0.0007 (7) | 0.0057 (8) |
P1—F2 | 1.5875 (11) | C5—C6 | 1.378 (2) |
P1—F3 | 1.5933 (11) | C5—H5 | 0.9500 |
P1—F6 | 1.5942 (12) | C7—C8 | 1.345 (2) |
P1—F1 | 1.5978 (11) | C7—H7 | 0.9500 |
P1—F5 | 1.6052 (12) | C8—H8 | 0.9500 |
P1—F4 | 1.6066 (11) | C9—H9 | 0.9500 |
N1—C9 | 1.336 (2) | C10—C11 | 1.505 (2) |
N1—C7 | 1.380 (2) | C10—H10A | 0.9900 |
N1—C6 | 1.437 (2) | C10—H10B | 0.9900 |
N2—C9 | 1.323 (2) | C11—C16 | 1.389 (2) |
N2—C8 | 1.376 (2) | C11—C12 | 1.396 (2) |
N2—C10 | 1.474 (2) | C12—C13 | 1.379 (2) |
C1—C2 | 1.385 (2) | C12—H12 | 0.9500 |
C1—C6 | 1.389 (2) | C13—C14 | 1.391 (2) |
C1—H1 | 0.9500 | C13—H13 | 0.9500 |
C2—C3 | 1.383 (2) | C14—C15 | 1.386 (2) |
C2—H2 | 0.9500 | C14—H14 | 0.9500 |
C3—C4 | 1.380 (2) | C15—C16 | 1.380 (2) |
C3—H3 | 0.9500 | C15—H15 | 0.9500 |
C4—C5 | 1.386 (2) | C16—H16 | 0.9500 |
C4—H4 | 0.9500 | ||
F2—P1—F3 | 90.46 (6) | C5—C6—C1 | 121.20 (17) |
F2—P1—F6 | 90.77 (7) | C5—C6—N1 | 120.21 (15) |
F3—P1—F6 | 90.53 (7) | C1—C6—N1 | 118.58 (15) |
F2—P1—F1 | 179.73 (6) | C8—C7—N1 | 107.46 (15) |
F3—P1—F1 | 89.79 (6) | C8—C7—H7 | 126.3 |
F6—P1—F1 | 89.34 (6) | N1—C7—H7 | 126.3 |
F2—P1—F5 | 90.23 (7) | C7—C8—N2 | 107.13 (15) |
F3—P1—F5 | 90.14 (7) | C7—C8—H8 | 126.4 |
F6—P1—F5 | 178.80 (7) | N2—C8—H8 | 126.4 |
F1—P1—F5 | 89.66 (6) | N2—C9—N1 | 108.96 (14) |
F2—P1—F4 | 89.83 (6) | N2—C9—H9 | 125.5 |
F3—P1—F4 | 179.11 (7) | N1—C9—H9 | 125.5 |
F6—P1—F4 | 90.31 (7) | N2—C10—C11 | 112.54 (14) |
F1—P1—F4 | 89.92 (6) | N2—C10—H10A | 109.1 |
F5—P1—F4 | 89.02 (7) | C11—C10—H10A | 109.1 |
C9—N1—C7 | 107.81 (14) | N2—C10—H10B | 109.1 |
C9—N1—C6 | 125.48 (14) | C11—C10—H10B | 109.1 |
C7—N1—C6 | 126.60 (15) | H10A—C10—H10B | 107.8 |
C9—N2—C8 | 108.63 (14) | C16—C11—C12 | 118.95 (16) |
C9—N2—C10 | 124.79 (14) | C16—C11—C10 | 119.61 (15) |
C8—N2—C10 | 126.53 (14) | C12—C11—C10 | 121.34 (15) |
C2—C1—C6 | 118.79 (17) | C13—C12—C11 | 120.18 (16) |
C2—C1—H1 | 120.6 | C13—C12—H12 | 119.9 |
C6—C1—H1 | 120.6 | C11—C12—H12 | 119.9 |
C3—C2—C1 | 120.50 (17) | C12—C13—C14 | 120.50 (17) |
C3—C2—H2 | 119.8 | C12—C13—H13 | 119.8 |
C1—C2—H2 | 119.8 | C14—C13—H13 | 119.8 |
C4—C3—C2 | 119.89 (17) | C15—C14—C13 | 119.44 (17) |
C4—C3—H3 | 120.1 | C15—C14—H14 | 120.3 |
C2—C3—H3 | 120.1 | C13—C14—H14 | 120.3 |
C3—C4—C5 | 120.38 (17) | C16—C15—C14 | 120.11 (16) |
C3—C4—H4 | 119.8 | C16—C15—H15 | 119.9 |
C5—C4—H4 | 119.8 | C14—C15—H15 | 119.9 |
C6—C5—C4 | 119.21 (17) | C15—C16—C11 | 120.81 (16) |
C6—C5—H5 | 120.4 | C15—C16—H16 | 119.6 |
C4—C5—H5 | 120.4 | C11—C16—H16 | 119.6 |
C6—C1—C2—C3 | −1.4 (3) | C8—N2—C9—N1 | −0.49 (18) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | 1.9 (3) | C10—N2—C9—N1 | 177.44 (14) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | −1.0 (3) | C7—N1—C9—N2 | 0.77 (18) |
C3—C4—C5—C6 | −0.3 (3) | C6—N1—C9—N2 | −175.77 (14) |
C4—C5—C6—C1 | 0.8 (3) | C9—N2—C10—C11 | 132.27 (16) |
C4—C5—C6—N1 | −177.50 (15) | C8—N2—C10—C11 | −50.2 (2) |
C2—C1—C6—C5 | 0.0 (3) | N2—C10—C11—C16 | 109.96 (17) |
C2—C1—C6—N1 | 178.40 (15) | N2—C10—C11—C12 | −73.7 (2) |
C9—N1—C6—C5 | −151.02 (16) | C16—C11—C12—C13 | 0.9 (2) |
C7—N1—C6—C5 | 33.1 (2) | C10—C11—C12—C13 | −175.41 (16) |
C9—N1—C6—C1 | 30.6 (2) | C11—C12—C13—C14 | −0.4 (3) |
C7—N1—C6—C1 | −145.30 (16) | C12—C13—C14—C15 | −0.4 (3) |
C9—N1—C7—C8 | −0.76 (18) | C13—C14—C15—C16 | 0.7 (2) |
C6—N1—C7—C8 | 175.73 (15) | C14—C15—C16—C11 | −0.2 (2) |
N1—C7—C8—N2 | 0.46 (18) | C12—C11—C16—C15 | −0.6 (2) |
C9—N2—C8—C7 | 0.01 (18) | C10—C11—C16—C15 | 175.78 (15) |
C10—N2—C8—C7 | −177.88 (15) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C7—H7···F1i | 0.95 | 2.50 | 3.099 (2) | 121 |
C8—H8···F6i | 0.95 | 2.50 | 3.392 (2) | 156 |
C9—H9···F5ii | 0.95 | 2.34 | 3.247 (2) | 159 |
C10—H10A···F4ii | 0.99 | 2.49 | 3.444 (2) | 161 |
C10—H10B···F3iii | 0.99 | 2.49 | 3.455 (3) | 164 |
Symmetry codes: (i) x−1, y−1, z; (ii) x−1, y−1, z−1; (iii) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C16H15N2+·PF6− |
Mr | 380.27 |
Crystal system, space group | Triclinic, P1 |
Temperature (K) | 93 |
a, b, c (Å) | 9.221 (2), 10.046 (3), 10.108 (2) |
α, β, γ (°) | 110.733 (2), 91.969 (2), 110.315 (2) |
V (Å3) | 807.9 (3) |
Z | 2 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.24 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.43 × 0.40 × 0.37 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Rigaku SPIDER diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (ABSCOR; Higashi, 1995) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.905, 0.919 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 4739, 2902, 2361 |
Rint | 0.017 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.606 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.035, 0.084, 1.00 |
No. of reflections | 2902 |
No. of parameters | 226 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.22, −0.28 |
Computer programs: RAPID-AUTO (Rigaku/MSC, 2004), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C7—H7···F1i | 0.95 | 2.50 | 3.099 (2) | 121 |
C8—H8···F6i | 0.95 | 2.50 | 3.392 (2) | 156 |
C9—H9···F5ii | 0.95 | 2.34 | 3.247 (2) | 159 |
C10—H10A···F4ii | 0.99 | 2.49 | 3.444 (2) | 161 |
C10—H10B···F3iii | 0.99 | 2.49 | 3.455 (3) | 164 |
Symmetry codes: (i) x−1, y−1, z; (ii) x−1, y−1, z−1; (iii) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1. |
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the Fund Projects of Sichuan Educational department (grant No. 2005 A104).
References
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Initiated by the isolation of the first stable N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) by Arduengo et al. (1991), numerous stable NHC ligands has been prepared. 1,3-Disubstitutedimidazolium salts are considerable good precursor for synthesis of transition metal NHCs. In addition, the study of biological activities of imidazolium salts have been reported during these years. We report herein the synthesis and crystal structure of the title compound (I).
In (I), bond lengths and angles in title molecule (Fig. 1) are normal. The phenyl ring make dihedral angles with the benzyl ring and the imidazolium ring of 70.30 (8)° and 32.03 (10)°, respectively.
The crystal structure is stabilized by C—H···F hydrogen bonds (Table 1). Furthermore, P—F···π interactions involving imidazolium rings [F1···Cg1iv = 2.9857 (16) Å, P1···Cg1iv = 4.1630 (16) Å, P1—F1··· Cg1iv = 127.92 (6)°, where Cg1 is a centroid of the N1/N2/C7–C9 ring; symmetry code: (iv) -x+2, -y+1, -z+1] are observed.