organic compounds
(E)-3-[(3-Bromophenyl)iminomethyl]benzene-1,2-diol: a combined X-ray and computational structural study
aDepartment of Physics, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey, bSinop Faculty of Education, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey, and cChemical Technology Program, Denizli Higher Vocational School, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
*Correspondence e-mail: zeynep.kelesoglu@omu.edu.tr
The title compound, C13H10BrNO2, exists as an enol–imine form in the crystal and adopts an E configuration with respect to the C=N double bond. The molecule is close to planar, with a dihedral angle of 6.88 (14)° between the aromatic rings. Intramolecular O—H⋯N and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate S(6) and S(5) ring motifs, respectively. The is stabilized by intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen-bond interactions, forming R22(10) and R22(20) chains along [100]. ab initio Hartree–Fock (HF), density-functional theory (DFT) and semi-empirical (AM1 and PM3) calculations and full-geometry optimizations were also performed. Although there are some discrepancies between the experimental and calculated parameters, caused presumably by the O—H⋯O hydrogen-bond interactions, there is an acceptable general agreement between them.
Related literature
For general background to Schiff base compounds in coordination chemistry, see: Chen et al. (2008); May et al. (2004); Weber et al. (2007). For background to DFT calculations, see: Becke (1988, 1993); Lee et al. (1988); Schmidt & Polik et al. (2007); Friesner et al. (2005); Liu et al. (2004). For a related structure, see: Cao et al. (2009); Temel et al. (2007). For hydrogen-bond motifs, see: Bernstein et al. (1995).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Refinement
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Data collection: X-AREA (Stoe & Cie, 2002); cell X-AREA; data reduction: X-RED32 (Stoe & Cie, 2002); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 1997); software used to prepare material for publication: WinGX (Farrugia, 1999) and GAUSSIAN (Frisch et al., 2004).
Supporting information
10.1107/S1600536809035053/si2198sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536809035053/si2198Isup2.hkl
For the preparation of compound (I) the mixture of 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (0.5 g, 3.6 mmol) in ethanol (20 ml) and 3-bromoaniline (0.62 g, 3.6 mmol) in ethanol (20 ml) was stirred for 1 h under reflux. The crystals suitable for X-ray analysis were obtained from ethanol by slow evaporation (yield; %88, m.p.; 402–403 K).
Due to their taking part in H-bonding interactions, the hydroxyl H atoms were preferred to locate in difference Fourier map and refined freely with Uiso(H) = 1.5 Ueq(O). All other H-atoms were refined using a riding model with d(C—H)= 0.93 Å and Uiso(H)= 1.2 Ueq(C).
Data collection: X-AREA (Stoe & Cie, 2002); cell
X-AREA (Stoe & Cie, 2002); data reduction: X-RED32 (Stoe & Cie, 2002); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 1997); software used to prepare material for publication: WinGX (Farrugia, 1999) and GAUSSIAN (Frisch et al., 2004).Fig. 1. An ORTEP view of (I), with the atom-numbering scheme and 30% probability displacement ellipsoids. Dashed lines indicate H-bonds. | |
Fig. 2. A packing diagram for (I), showing the O—H···O hydrogen bonds, forming R22(10) and R22(20) chains at [100]. [Symmetry codes; (i): x + 1/2, y, -z + 1/2; (ii): x - 1/2, y, -z + 1/2]. H atoms not involved in hydrogen bonding (dashed lines) have been omitted for clarity. |
C13H10BrNO2 | F(000) = 1168 |
Mr = 292.13 | Dx = 1.653 Mg m−3 |
Orthorhombic, Pbca | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: -P 2ac 2ab | Cell parameters from 7185 reflections |
a = 4.7411 (2) Å | θ = 1.3–26.2° |
b = 18.9447 (6) Å | µ = 3.50 mm−1 |
c = 26.1417 (10) Å | T = 296 K |
V = 2348.01 (15) Å3 | Plate, red |
Z = 8 | 0.66 × 0.38 × 0.10 mm |
Stoe IPDS-II diffractometer | 2212 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 1764 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.040 |
Detector resolution: 6.67 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 25.6°, θmin = 1.6° |
rotation method scans | h = −5→5 |
Absorption correction: integration (X-RED32; Stoe & Cie, 2002) | k = −22→22 |
Tmin = 0.229, Tmax = 0.735 | l = −31→31 |
7185 measured reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
Least-squares matrix: full | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.033 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
wR(F2) = 0.078 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0356P)2 + 0.8167P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
S = 1.05 | (Δ/σ)max = 0.002 |
2212 reflections | Δρmax = 0.33 e Å−3 |
162 parameters | Δρmin = −0.42 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Extinction correction: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008) |
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods | Extinction coefficient: 0 |
C13H10BrNO2 | V = 2348.01 (15) Å3 |
Mr = 292.13 | Z = 8 |
Orthorhombic, Pbca | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 4.7411 (2) Å | µ = 3.50 mm−1 |
b = 18.9447 (6) Å | T = 296 K |
c = 26.1417 (10) Å | 0.66 × 0.38 × 0.10 mm |
Stoe IPDS-II diffractometer | 2212 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: integration (X-RED32; Stoe & Cie, 2002) | 1764 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.229, Tmax = 0.735 | Rint = 0.040 |
7185 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.033 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.078 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 1.05 | Δρmax = 0.33 e Å−3 |
2212 reflections | Δρmin = −0.42 e Å−3 |
162 parameters |
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > 2sigma(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
C1 | 0.2287 (5) | 0.59650 (12) | 0.38493 (9) | 0.0430 (5) | |
C2 | 0.1687 (5) | 0.56587 (13) | 0.33762 (9) | 0.0441 (5) | |
C3 | −0.0340 (6) | 0.51215 (13) | 0.33440 (10) | 0.0480 (6) | |
C4 | −0.1727 (6) | 0.49065 (14) | 0.37771 (11) | 0.0543 (7) | |
H4 | −0.3082 | 0.4553 | 0.3753 | 0.065* | |
C5 | −0.1148 (6) | 0.52049 (15) | 0.42490 (11) | 0.0556 (7) | |
H5 | −0.2106 | 0.5052 | 0.4539 | 0.067* | |
C6 | 0.0848 (6) | 0.57283 (14) | 0.42865 (10) | 0.0524 (6) | |
H6 | 0.1248 | 0.5927 | 0.4603 | 0.063* | |
C7 | 0.4352 (5) | 0.65240 (13) | 0.38933 (9) | 0.0451 (6) | |
H7 | 0.4674 | 0.6726 | 0.4212 | 0.054* | |
C8 | 0.7753 (5) | 0.72987 (12) | 0.35557 (9) | 0.0409 (5) | |
C9 | 0.8643 (5) | 0.75859 (13) | 0.40177 (9) | 0.0461 (6) | |
H9 | 0.7918 | 0.7419 | 0.4325 | 0.055* | |
C10 | 1.0603 (6) | 0.81192 (13) | 0.40147 (9) | 0.0475 (6) | |
C11 | 1.1712 (6) | 0.83889 (14) | 0.35705 (10) | 0.0520 (6) | |
H11 | 1.3031 | 0.8752 | 0.3578 | 0.062* | |
C12 | 1.0810 (6) | 0.81048 (15) | 0.31139 (10) | 0.0572 (7) | |
H12 | 1.1510 | 0.8283 | 0.2808 | 0.069* | |
C13 | 0.8888 (6) | 0.75614 (15) | 0.31054 (10) | 0.0513 (6) | |
H13 | 0.8342 | 0.7368 | 0.2794 | 0.062* | |
N1 | 0.5747 (4) | 0.67489 (11) | 0.35080 (8) | 0.0442 (5) | |
O1 | 0.2990 (5) | 0.58565 (11) | 0.29377 (7) | 0.0583 (5) | |
O2 | −0.0900 (5) | 0.48050 (12) | 0.28892 (8) | 0.0684 (6) | |
Br1 | 1.18395 (9) | 0.85040 (2) | 0.464746 (12) | 0.08086 (16) | |
H1 | 0.415 (8) | 0.619 (2) | 0.3026 (13) | 0.088 (12)* | |
H2 | −0.007 (10) | 0.499 (2) | 0.2666 (14) | 0.113 (16)* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
C1 | 0.0352 (13) | 0.0422 (12) | 0.0517 (13) | 0.0035 (10) | −0.0009 (10) | 0.0026 (10) |
C2 | 0.0396 (13) | 0.0415 (13) | 0.0513 (13) | −0.0004 (11) | 0.0019 (11) | 0.0055 (11) |
C3 | 0.0454 (14) | 0.0416 (13) | 0.0570 (14) | −0.0023 (11) | −0.0068 (12) | 0.0033 (11) |
C4 | 0.0431 (15) | 0.0433 (14) | 0.0764 (18) | −0.0048 (12) | 0.0014 (13) | 0.0124 (13) |
C5 | 0.0503 (16) | 0.0549 (16) | 0.0616 (16) | −0.0008 (13) | 0.0088 (13) | 0.0107 (13) |
C6 | 0.0495 (15) | 0.0553 (15) | 0.0525 (14) | 0.0032 (13) | 0.0019 (12) | 0.0019 (12) |
C7 | 0.0432 (13) | 0.0457 (13) | 0.0465 (12) | 0.0027 (11) | −0.0039 (11) | −0.0036 (10) |
C8 | 0.0359 (12) | 0.0393 (12) | 0.0476 (12) | 0.0023 (10) | −0.0044 (10) | 0.0006 (9) |
C9 | 0.0475 (15) | 0.0472 (14) | 0.0436 (12) | −0.0054 (12) | −0.0012 (11) | 0.0028 (10) |
C10 | 0.0485 (15) | 0.0441 (14) | 0.0498 (13) | −0.0009 (12) | −0.0058 (12) | −0.0038 (11) |
C11 | 0.0490 (15) | 0.0440 (14) | 0.0630 (15) | −0.0050 (12) | 0.0027 (13) | −0.0010 (11) |
C12 | 0.0615 (18) | 0.0578 (16) | 0.0524 (14) | −0.0089 (14) | 0.0103 (13) | 0.0035 (12) |
C13 | 0.0551 (16) | 0.0548 (16) | 0.0441 (13) | −0.0062 (13) | −0.0012 (12) | −0.0012 (11) |
N1 | 0.0396 (11) | 0.0440 (11) | 0.0490 (11) | −0.0024 (9) | −0.0028 (9) | 0.0001 (9) |
O1 | 0.0626 (12) | 0.0612 (12) | 0.0512 (10) | −0.0231 (10) | 0.0022 (9) | −0.0014 (9) |
O2 | 0.0769 (15) | 0.0665 (14) | 0.0618 (12) | −0.0291 (12) | −0.0049 (11) | −0.0011 (10) |
Br1 | 0.1009 (3) | 0.0846 (2) | 0.05706 (19) | −0.0355 (2) | −0.01118 (17) | −0.01177 (16) |
C1—C2 | 1.395 (3) | C8—C13 | 1.387 (3) |
C1—C6 | 1.405 (4) | C8—C9 | 1.390 (3) |
C1—C7 | 1.447 (4) | C8—N1 | 1.416 (3) |
C2—O1 | 1.355 (3) | C9—C10 | 1.373 (4) |
C2—C3 | 1.402 (3) | C9—H9 | 0.9300 |
C3—O2 | 1.358 (3) | C10—C11 | 1.373 (4) |
C3—C4 | 1.371 (4) | C10—Br1 | 1.900 (2) |
C4—C5 | 1.384 (4) | C11—C12 | 1.377 (4) |
C4—H4 | 0.9300 | C11—H11 | 0.9300 |
C5—C6 | 1.374 (4) | C12—C13 | 1.375 (4) |
C5—H5 | 0.9300 | C12—H12 | 0.9300 |
C6—H6 | 0.9300 | C13—H13 | 0.9300 |
C7—N1 | 1.278 (3) | O1—H1 | 0.87 (4) |
C7—H7 | 0.9300 | O2—H2 | 0.78 (4) |
C2—C1—C6 | 119.3 (2) | C13—C8—C9 | 118.6 (2) |
C2—C1—C7 | 120.9 (2) | C13—C8—N1 | 116.7 (2) |
C6—C1—C7 | 119.8 (2) | C9—C8—N1 | 124.6 (2) |
O1—C2—C1 | 122.8 (2) | C10—C9—C8 | 119.2 (2) |
O1—C2—C3 | 117.5 (2) | C10—C9—H9 | 120.4 |
C1—C2—C3 | 119.7 (2) | C8—C9—H9 | 120.4 |
O2—C3—C4 | 119.9 (2) | C9—C10—C11 | 122.5 (2) |
O2—C3—C2 | 120.5 (2) | C9—C10—Br1 | 119.09 (19) |
C4—C3—C2 | 119.7 (2) | C11—C10—Br1 | 118.4 (2) |
C3—C4—C5 | 121.3 (3) | C10—C11—C12 | 117.9 (2) |
C3—C4—H4 | 119.4 | C10—C11—H11 | 121.0 |
C5—C4—H4 | 119.3 | C12—C11—H11 | 121.0 |
C6—C5—C4 | 119.6 (3) | C13—C12—C11 | 120.8 (3) |
C6—C5—H5 | 120.2 | C13—C12—H12 | 119.6 |
C4—C5—H5 | 120.2 | C11—C12—H12 | 119.6 |
C5—C6—C1 | 120.5 (3) | C12—C13—C8 | 120.8 (2) |
C5—C6—H6 | 119.8 | C12—C13—H13 | 119.6 |
C1—C6—H6 | 119.8 | C8—C13—H13 | 119.6 |
N1—C7—C1 | 122.1 (2) | C7—N1—C8 | 121.6 (2) |
N1—C7—H7 | 118.9 | C2—O1—H1 | 105 (2) |
C1—C7—H7 | 118.9 | C3—O2—H2 | 111 (3) |
C6—C1—C2—O1 | −179.8 (2) | C6—C1—C7—N1 | 178.8 (2) |
C7—C1—C2—O1 | 0.6 (4) | C13—C8—C9—C10 | 0.1 (4) |
C6—C1—C2—C3 | 0.1 (4) | N1—C8—C9—C10 | −179.9 (2) |
C7—C1—C2—C3 | −179.5 (2) | C8—C9—C10—C11 | 0.7 (4) |
O1—C2—C3—O2 | 1.6 (4) | C8—C9—C10—Br1 | −179.41 (19) |
C1—C2—C3—O2 | −178.3 (2) | C9—C10—C11—C12 | −0.4 (4) |
O1—C2—C3—C4 | −179.6 (2) | Br1—C10—C11—C12 | 179.8 (2) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | 0.5 (4) | C10—C11—C12—C13 | −0.9 (4) |
O2—C3—C4—C5 | 178.2 (3) | C11—C12—C13—C8 | 1.7 (4) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | −0.6 (4) | C9—C8—C13—C12 | −1.3 (4) |
C3—C4—C5—C6 | 0.2 (4) | N1—C8—C13—C12 | 178.7 (2) |
C4—C5—C6—C1 | 0.4 (4) | C1—C7—N1—C8 | 179.7 (2) |
C2—C1—C6—C5 | −0.5 (4) | C13—C8—N1—C7 | −172.2 (2) |
C7—C1—C6—C5 | 179.0 (2) | C9—C8—N1—C7 | 7.9 (4) |
C2—C1—C7—N1 | −1.6 (4) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O1—H1···N1 | 0.87 (4) | 1.81 (4) | 2.606 (3) | 151 (3) |
O2—H2···O1 | 0.78 (4) | 2.31 (5) | 2.718 (3) | 113 (4) |
O2—H2···O2i | 0.78 (4) | 2.48 (5) | 3.124 (3) | 141 (5) |
O2—H2···O1ii | 0.78 (4) | 2.46 (4) | 2.986 (3) | 126 (4) |
Symmetry codes: (i) x+1/2, y, −z+1/2; (ii) x−1/2, y, −z+1/2. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C13H10BrNO2 |
Mr | 292.13 |
Crystal system, space group | Orthorhombic, Pbca |
Temperature (K) | 296 |
a, b, c (Å) | 4.7411 (2), 18.9447 (6), 26.1417 (10) |
V (Å3) | 2348.01 (15) |
Z | 8 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 3.50 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.66 × 0.38 × 0.10 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Stoe IPDS-II diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Integration (X-RED32; Stoe & Cie, 2002) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.229, 0.735 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 7185, 2212, 1764 |
Rint | 0.040 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.608 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.033, 0.078, 1.05 |
No. of reflections | 2212 |
No. of parameters | 162 |
H-atom treatment | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.33, −0.42 |
Computer programs: X-AREA (Stoe & Cie, 2002), X-RED32 (Stoe & Cie, 2002), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 1997), WinGX (Farrugia, 1999) and GAUSSIAN (Frisch et al., 2004).
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O1—H1···N1 | 0.87 (4) | 1.81 (4) | 2.606 (3) | 151 (3) |
O2—H2···O1 | 0.78 (4) | 2.31 (5) | 2.718 (3) | 113 (4) |
O2—H2···O2i | 0.78 (4) | 2.48 (5) | 3.124 (3) | 141 (5) |
O2—H2···O1ii | 0.78 (4) | 2.46 (4) | 2.986 (3) | 126 (4) |
Symmetry codes: (i) x+1/2, y, −z+1/2; (ii) x−1/2, y, −z+1/2. |
Parameters | X-ray | AM1 | PM3 | HF* | DFT/B3LYP* |
C1—C7 | 1.447 (4) | 1.4659 | 1.4592 | 1.4655 | 1.4472 |
C8—N1 | 1.416 (3) | 1.4103 | 1.431 | 1.4082 | 1.4071 |
C7—N1 | 1.278 (3) | 1.2923 | 1.3028 | 1.2626 | 1.2947 |
C2—O1 | 1.355 (3) | 1.3711 | 1.3612 | 1.3414 | 1.35 |
C3—O2 | 1.358 (3) | 1.3749 | 1.3695 | 1.3472 | 1.3601 |
C10—Br1 | 1.900 (2) | 1.8743 | 1.8676 | 1.899 | 1.9138 |
O1—C2—C1 | 122.8 (2) | 126.384 | 124.0177 | 124.2818 | 123.5134 |
N1—C7—C1 | 122.1 (2) | 123.752 | 119.6344 | 123.297 | 121.9975 |
O2—C3—C4 | 119.9 (2) | 117.2553 | 115.9182 | 119.9887 | 120.7548 |
O1—C2—C3 | 117.5 (2) | 113.7932 | 116.4985 | 115.8053 | 116.4318 |
O2—C3—C2 | 120.5 (2) | 122.181 | 123.9237 | 119.978 | 119.4331 |
C7—N1—C8 | 121.6 (2) | 121.8246 | 122.1744 | 120.3634 | 121.3341 |
C12—C13—H13 | 119.6 | 119.7856 | 119.8376 | 120.8687 | 121.0058 |
C8—C13—H13 | 119.6 | 120.1274 | 120.1469 | 119.0149 | 118.759 |
C1—C7—N1—C8 | 179.7 (2) | -179.2308 | 179.9974 | -178.6515 | -177.5099 |
C9—C8—N1—C7 | 7.9 (4) | 34.1092 | 0.0009 | 44.5418 | 35.1166 |
C2—C1—C7—N1 | -1.6 (4) | 2.6542 | 0.0087 | 0.8066 | 0.3196 |
N1—C8—C9—C10 | -179.9 (2) | -177.3895 | 179.9976 | 179.3862 | 179.4699 |
C8—C9—C10—Br1 | -179.41 (19) | -179.8397 | -180.0011 | -179.9136 | -179.7804 |
*6-31G(d,p). |
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey, for the use of the Stoe IPDSII diffractometer (purchased under grant F.279 of the University Research Fund).
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Schiff base compounds have received considerable attention for many years, primarily due to their importance in the development of coordination chemistry related to magnetism (Weber et al., 2007), catalysis (Chen et al., 2008) and biological process (May et al., 2004). In general, O-hydroxy Schiff bases exhibit two possible tautomeric forms, the enol-imine and keto-amine forms. Depending on the tautomers, two types of intra-molecular hydrogen bonds are possible: O—H···N in enol-imine and N—H···O in keto-amine form.
The molecule adopts an E configuration with respect to the C7=N1 double bond, with a C1—C7=N1—C8 torsion angle of 179.7 (2)° and a C7=N1—C8 angle of 121.6 (2)°. Similar results were observed for (E)-3-[(2-Bromophenyl) iminomethyl]-benzene-1,2-diol [178.4 (2) and 123.4 (2)°; Temel et al.,2007]. The C7=N1 bond length is 1.278 (3) Å, and agree with the corresponding distance in (E)-)-3-Bromo-N'-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene) benzohydrazide[1.276 (4) Å; Cao et al.,2009]. Intramolecular O—H···N and O—H···O hydrogen bonds generate S(6) and S(5) ring motifs (Bernstein et al., 1995) (Fig. 1). The intermolecular O2—H2..O2 and O2—H2..O1 hydrogen bonds in the molecule at (x + 1/2, y, -z + 1/2)and (x - 1/2, y, -z + 1/2), forming R22(10) and R22(20) chains at [100] direction.(Table 1, Fig.2). The dihedral angle between benzene rings A(C1—C6) and B(C8—C13) is 6.88 (15)°. The planar S(6) ring C(O1/H1/N1/C1/C2/C7) is oriented with respect to rings A and B at dihedral angles of 0.16 (44)° and 6.88 (41)°, respectively. These dihedral angles show that the molecule of (I) is almost planar. It is known that Schiff bases may exhibit thermochromism or photochromism, depending on the planarity or non-planarity of the molecule, respectively. Since the title molecule is planar, one can expect thermochromic properties in title compound.
Ab-initio Hartree-Fock (HF), density-functional theory (DFT) (Schmidt & Polik, 2007) and semi-empirical (AM1 and PM3) calculations and full-geometry optimizations were performed by means of GAUSSIAN 03 W package (Frisch et al., 2004). The selected bond lengths and angles together with the torsion angles are compared with the obtained ones from semi-empirical, ab-initio HF and DFT/B3-LYP (Becke 3 parameter Lee-Yang-Parr) (Becke, 1988, 1993; Lee et al., 1988) (Table 2). We observe an acceptable general agreement between them. Although the DFT molecular orbital theory was considered as the most accurate method for geometry optimization for free and complex ligands (Friesner, 2005; Liu et al., 2004), the HF method led to better results in regard to the bond lengths and angles.