organic compounds
cis-Cycloheptane-1,2-diol
aLudwig-Maximilians Universität, Department Chemie und Biochemie, Butenandtstrasse 5–13 (Haus D), 81377 München, Germany
*Correspondence e-mail: kluef@cup.uni-muenchen.de
The title compound, C7H14O2, is a vicinal diol derived from cycloheptane with cis-orientated hydroxy groups. The molecules shows no The O—C—C—O torsion angles of both molecules present in the [−66.4 (2) and −66.9 (2)°] are similar to those in trans-configured cyclohexane derivatives (including pyranoses) as well as rac-trans-cycloheptane-1,2-diol, but smaller than those in trans-configured cyclopentane derivatives (including furanoses). In the O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds furnish the formation of sheets parallel to [110].
Related literature
For the synthesis, see: Becker et al. (2001). For torsion angles of cis- and trans-configured cyclohexane-1,2-diols, see: Sillanpää et al. (1984). For the structure of the corresponding rac-trans-cycloheptane-1,2-diol, see: Betz & Klüfers (2007). For graph-set analysis, see Bernstein et al. (1995); Etter et al. (1990).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Data collection
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Refinement
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Data collection: COLLECT (Nonius, 2004); cell SCALEPACK (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997); data reduction: DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) and SCALEPACK; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97.
Supporting information
10.1107/S160053680905051X/dn2506sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S160053680905051X/dn2506Isup2.hkl
The title compound was prepared by standard procedures upon neutral aqueous dihydroxylation of cycloheptene with potassium permanganate (Becker et al., 2001). Crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction were directly obtained from the solidified reaction product.
All carbon bonded H-atoms were placed in calculated positions (C—H 1.00 Å for methine groups, C—H 0.99 Å for methylene groups) and were included in the
in the riding model approximation, with U(H) set to 1.2Ueq(C) for both groups. Hydroxyl H atoms were allowed to rotate with a fixed angle around the C—O bond to best fit the experimental electron density (HFIX 147 in the SHELX program suite (Sheldrick, 2008)). For the their U(H) was set to 1.5Ueq(O).Data collection: COLLECT (Nonius, 2004); cell
SCALEPACK (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997); data reduction: DENZO and SCALEPACK (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008).C7H14O2 | Z = 4 |
Mr = 130.18 | F(000) = 288 |
Triclinic, P1 | Dx = 1.146 Mg m−3 |
Hall symbol: -P 1 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
a = 7.4148 (5) Å | Cell parameters from 8679 reflections |
b = 8.7629 (5) Å | θ = 3.1–25.0° |
c = 12.4531 (6) Å | µ = 0.08 mm−1 |
α = 103.861 (4)° | T = 200 K |
β = 105.685 (4)° | Platelet, colourless |
γ = 90.189 (4)° | 0.25 × 0.22 × 0.05 mm |
V = 754.32 (8) Å3 |
Nonius KappaCCD diffractometer | 1965 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Radiation source: rotating anode | Rint = 0.057 |
MONTEL, graded multilayered X-ray optics monochromator | θmax = 25.1°, θmin = 3.3° |
ω scans | h = −8→8 |
4882 measured reflections | k = −10→10 |
2658 independent reflections | l = −14→14 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.069 | Hydrogen site location: difference Fourier map |
wR(F2) = 0.207 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.04 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.1106P)2 + 0.3333P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
2658 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
178 parameters | Δρmax = 0.65 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.32 e Å−3 |
C7H14O2 | γ = 90.189 (4)° |
Mr = 130.18 | V = 754.32 (8) Å3 |
Triclinic, P1 | Z = 4 |
a = 7.4148 (5) Å | Mo Kα radiation |
b = 8.7629 (5) Å | µ = 0.08 mm−1 |
c = 12.4531 (6) Å | T = 200 K |
α = 103.861 (4)° | 0.25 × 0.22 × 0.05 mm |
β = 105.685 (4)° |
Nonius KappaCCD diffractometer | 1965 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
4882 measured reflections | Rint = 0.057 |
2658 independent reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.069 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.207 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.04 | Δρmax = 0.65 e Å−3 |
2658 reflections | Δρmin = −0.32 e Å−3 |
178 parameters |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | Occ. (<1) | |
O11 | 0.2847 (2) | 0.6535 (2) | 0.06402 (15) | 0.0429 (5) | |
H11 | 0.3578 | 0.6190 | 0.0241 | 0.064* | |
O12 | 0.4661 (2) | 0.36087 (19) | 0.06017 (15) | 0.0413 (5) | |
H12 | 0.3830 | 0.2895 | 0.0191 | 0.062* | |
O21 | 0.0359 (2) | −0.1787 (2) | −0.05660 (15) | 0.0419 (5) | |
H21 | 0.1149 | −0.2280 | −0.0184 | 0.063* | |
O22 | 0.2163 (2) | 0.11011 (19) | −0.06570 (15) | 0.0425 (5) | |
H22 | 0.1434 | 0.1044 | −0.0253 | 0.064* | |
C11 | 0.2358 (3) | 0.5332 (3) | 0.1133 (2) | 0.0367 (6) | |
H111 | 0.1420 | 0.4553 | 0.0512 | 0.044* | |
C12 | 0.4071 (3) | 0.4461 (3) | 0.1566 (2) | 0.0361 (6) | |
H121 | 0.3713 | 0.3695 | 0.1966 | 0.043* | |
C13 | 0.5755 (4) | 0.5519 (3) | 0.2380 (2) | 0.0507 (7) | |
H131 | 0.6906 | 0.4971 | 0.2328 | 0.061* | |
H132 | 0.5822 | 0.6488 | 0.2111 | 0.061* | |
C14 | 0.5765 (6) | 0.5994 (5) | 0.3625 (3) | 0.0884 (13) | |
H141 | 0.6132 | 0.5080 | 0.3953 | 0.106* | |
H142 | 0.6776 | 0.6843 | 0.4024 | 0.106* | |
C15 | 0.4085 (7) | 0.6530 (7) | 0.3932 (3) | 0.1032 (15) | |
H151 | 0.4474 | 0.7281 | 0.4701 | 0.124* | |
H152 | 0.3392 | 0.5611 | 0.4007 | 0.124* | |
C161 | 0.2784 (8) | 0.7289 (5) | 0.3149 (3) | 0.0689 (17) | 0.817 (10) |
H161 | 0.3523 | 0.7992 | 0.2885 | 0.083* | 0.817 (10) |
H162 | 0.2013 | 0.7957 | 0.3583 | 0.083* | 0.817 (10) |
C162 | 0.192 (2) | 0.626 (2) | 0.3178 (12) | 0.053 (6) | 0.183 (10) |
H163 | 0.1397 | 0.5304 | 0.3310 | 0.064* | 0.183 (10) |
H164 | 0.1271 | 0.7155 | 0.3517 | 0.064* | 0.183 (10) |
C17 | 0.1397 (4) | 0.6103 (4) | 0.2034 (3) | 0.0571 (8) | |
H171 | 0.0835 | 0.5270 | 0.2284 | 0.069* | |
H172 | 0.0362 | 0.6693 | 0.1680 | 0.069* | |
C21 | 0.0931 (3) | −0.1616 (3) | −0.1545 (2) | 0.0347 (6) | |
H211 | 0.1280 | −0.2659 | −0.1940 | 0.042* | |
C22 | 0.2640 (3) | −0.0448 (3) | −0.1131 (2) | 0.0355 (6) | |
H221 | 0.3573 | −0.0783 | −0.0500 | 0.043* | |
C23 | 0.3614 (4) | −0.0332 (3) | −0.2039 (3) | 0.0536 (8) | |
H231 | 0.4245 | −0.1314 | −0.2226 | 0.064* | |
H232 | 0.4600 | 0.0548 | −0.1706 | 0.064* | |
C24 | 0.2292 (6) | −0.0064 (4) | −0.3191 (3) | 0.0742 (10) | |
H241 | 0.1564 | 0.0856 | −0.2997 | 0.089* | |
H242 | 0.3084 | 0.0201 | −0.3655 | 0.089* | |
C25 | 0.0944 (6) | −0.1437 (5) | −0.3915 (3) | 0.0847 (12) | |
H251 | 0.0633 | −0.1368 | −0.4726 | 0.102* | |
H252 | 0.1594 | −0.2415 | −0.3871 | 0.102* | |
C26 | −0.0835 (6) | −0.1586 (5) | −0.3613 (3) | 0.0785 (11) | |
H261 | −0.1345 | −0.2698 | −0.3925 | 0.094* | |
H262 | −0.1743 | −0.0940 | −0.4015 | 0.094* | |
C27 | −0.0755 (4) | −0.1119 (3) | −0.2359 (2) | 0.0484 (7) | |
H271 | −0.1909 | −0.1574 | −0.2266 | 0.058* | |
H272 | −0.0766 | 0.0043 | −0.2122 | 0.058* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
O11 | 0.0463 (11) | 0.0451 (10) | 0.0495 (11) | 0.0157 (8) | 0.0234 (8) | 0.0231 (8) |
O12 | 0.0415 (10) | 0.0325 (9) | 0.0512 (11) | 0.0000 (7) | 0.0211 (8) | 0.0037 (7) |
O21 | 0.0418 (10) | 0.0427 (10) | 0.0526 (11) | 0.0119 (7) | 0.0224 (8) | 0.0228 (8) |
O22 | 0.0459 (10) | 0.0340 (9) | 0.0489 (11) | −0.0024 (7) | 0.0224 (8) | 0.0028 (7) |
C11 | 0.0374 (13) | 0.0354 (12) | 0.0390 (13) | 0.0030 (10) | 0.0118 (10) | 0.0110 (10) |
C12 | 0.0395 (13) | 0.0320 (12) | 0.0403 (13) | 0.0060 (9) | 0.0135 (10) | 0.0129 (10) |
C13 | 0.0404 (15) | 0.0483 (16) | 0.0512 (16) | 0.0065 (11) | −0.0014 (12) | 0.0054 (12) |
C14 | 0.103 (3) | 0.094 (3) | 0.0451 (19) | 0.008 (2) | −0.0056 (19) | 0.0039 (18) |
C15 | 0.117 (4) | 0.135 (4) | 0.051 (2) | 0.013 (3) | 0.024 (2) | 0.009 (2) |
C161 | 0.109 (4) | 0.058 (3) | 0.055 (2) | 0.030 (3) | 0.050 (2) | 0.0120 (19) |
C162 | 0.052 (10) | 0.074 (13) | 0.034 (8) | −0.005 (8) | 0.026 (7) | 0.000 (7) |
C17 | 0.0635 (19) | 0.0571 (17) | 0.074 (2) | 0.0252 (14) | 0.0443 (16) | 0.0309 (15) |
C21 | 0.0397 (13) | 0.0279 (11) | 0.0386 (13) | 0.0029 (9) | 0.0140 (10) | 0.0088 (9) |
C22 | 0.0343 (12) | 0.0358 (13) | 0.0370 (13) | 0.0042 (9) | 0.0119 (10) | 0.0081 (10) |
C23 | 0.0609 (18) | 0.0463 (15) | 0.0661 (18) | 0.0053 (13) | 0.0406 (15) | 0.0120 (13) |
C24 | 0.105 (3) | 0.069 (2) | 0.067 (2) | 0.002 (2) | 0.049 (2) | 0.0249 (17) |
C25 | 0.115 (3) | 0.092 (3) | 0.0427 (18) | 0.014 (2) | 0.019 (2) | 0.0130 (18) |
C26 | 0.096 (3) | 0.079 (2) | 0.0438 (18) | 0.004 (2) | −0.0042 (18) | 0.0103 (16) |
C27 | 0.0437 (15) | 0.0467 (15) | 0.0489 (16) | −0.0047 (11) | 0.0006 (12) | 0.0152 (12) |
O11—C11 | 1.431 (3) | C161—H162 | 0.9900 |
O11—H11 | 0.8400 | C162—C17 | 1.343 (15) |
O12—C12 | 1.431 (3) | C162—H163 | 0.9900 |
O12—H12 | 0.8400 | C162—H164 | 0.9900 |
O21—C21 | 1.434 (3) | C17—H171 | 0.9900 |
O21—H21 | 0.8400 | C17—H172 | 0.9900 |
O22—C22 | 1.431 (3) | C21—C22 | 1.518 (3) |
O22—H22 | 0.8400 | C21—C27 | 1.520 (3) |
C11—C17 | 1.515 (3) | C21—H211 | 1.0000 |
C11—C12 | 1.523 (3) | C22—C23 | 1.519 (3) |
C11—H111 | 1.0000 | C22—H221 | 1.0000 |
C12—C13 | 1.518 (3) | C23—C24 | 1.573 (5) |
C12—H121 | 1.0000 | C23—H231 | 0.9900 |
C13—C14 | 1.503 (5) | C23—H232 | 0.9900 |
C13—H131 | 0.9900 | C24—C25 | 1.498 (5) |
C13—H132 | 0.9900 | C24—H241 | 0.9900 |
C14—C15 | 1.447 (6) | C24—H242 | 0.9900 |
C14—H141 | 0.9900 | C25—C26 | 1.480 (6) |
C14—H142 | 0.9900 | C25—H251 | 0.9900 |
C15—C161 | 1.459 (6) | C25—H252 | 0.9900 |
C15—C162 | 1.609 (17) | C26—C27 | 1.501 (4) |
C15—H151 | 0.9900 | C26—H261 | 0.9900 |
C15—H152 | 0.9900 | C26—H262 | 0.9900 |
C161—C17 | 1.611 (6) | C27—H271 | 0.9900 |
C161—H161 | 0.9900 | C27—H272 | 0.9900 |
C11—O11—H11 | 109.5 | C162—C17—C161 | 43.2 (8) |
C12—O12—H12 | 109.5 | C11—C17—C161 | 113.6 (3) |
C21—O21—H21 | 109.5 | C162—C17—H171 | 65.7 |
C22—O22—H22 | 109.5 | C11—C17—H171 | 108.8 |
O11—C11—C17 | 107.3 (2) | C161—C17—H171 | 108.8 |
O11—C11—C12 | 110.63 (19) | C162—C17—H172 | 120.6 |
C17—C11—C12 | 115.3 (2) | C11—C17—H172 | 108.8 |
O11—C11—H111 | 107.8 | C161—C17—H172 | 108.8 |
C17—C11—H111 | 107.8 | H171—C17—H172 | 107.7 |
C12—C11—H111 | 107.8 | O21—C21—C22 | 108.75 (19) |
O12—C12—C13 | 106.8 (2) | O21—C21—C27 | 107.1 (2) |
O12—C12—C11 | 108.94 (19) | C22—C21—C27 | 114.1 (2) |
C13—C12—C11 | 114.6 (2) | O21—C21—H211 | 108.9 |
O12—C12—H121 | 108.8 | C22—C21—H211 | 108.9 |
C13—C12—H121 | 108.8 | C27—C21—H211 | 108.9 |
C11—C12—H121 | 108.8 | O22—C22—C21 | 110.90 (18) |
C14—C13—C12 | 115.8 (3) | O22—C22—C23 | 107.6 (2) |
C14—C13—H131 | 108.3 | C21—C22—C23 | 115.3 (2) |
C12—C13—H131 | 108.3 | O22—C22—H221 | 107.6 |
C14—C13—H132 | 108.3 | C21—C22—H221 | 107.6 |
C12—C13—H132 | 108.3 | C23—C22—H221 | 107.6 |
H131—C13—H132 | 107.4 | C22—C23—C24 | 115.2 (2) |
C15—C14—C13 | 120.0 (3) | C22—C23—H231 | 108.5 |
C15—C14—H141 | 107.3 | C24—C23—H231 | 108.5 |
C13—C14—H141 | 107.3 | C22—C23—H232 | 108.5 |
C15—C14—H142 | 107.3 | C24—C23—H232 | 108.5 |
C13—C14—H142 | 107.3 | H231—C23—H232 | 107.5 |
H141—C14—H142 | 106.9 | C25—C24—C23 | 115.1 (3) |
C14—C15—C161 | 117.2 (4) | C25—C24—H241 | 108.5 |
C14—C15—C162 | 130.3 (6) | C23—C24—H241 | 108.5 |
C161—C15—C162 | 42.3 (7) | C25—C24—H242 | 108.5 |
C14—C15—H151 | 108.0 | C23—C24—H242 | 108.5 |
C161—C15—H151 | 108.0 | H241—C24—H242 | 107.5 |
C162—C15—H151 | 121.1 | C26—C25—C24 | 116.5 (3) |
C14—C15—H152 | 108.0 | C26—C25—H251 | 108.2 |
C161—C15—H152 | 108.0 | C24—C25—H251 | 108.2 |
C162—C15—H152 | 65.7 | C26—C25—H252 | 108.2 |
H151—C15—H152 | 107.2 | C24—C25—H252 | 108.2 |
C15—C161—C17 | 115.2 (4) | H251—C25—H252 | 107.3 |
C15—C161—H161 | 108.5 | C25—C26—C27 | 117.4 (3) |
C17—C161—H161 | 108.5 | C25—C26—H261 | 108.0 |
C15—C161—H162 | 108.5 | C27—C26—H261 | 108.0 |
C17—C161—H162 | 108.5 | C25—C26—H262 | 108.0 |
H161—C161—H162 | 107.5 | C27—C26—H262 | 108.0 |
C17—C162—C15 | 122.7 (11) | H261—C26—H262 | 107.2 |
C17—C162—H163 | 106.7 | C26—C27—C21 | 115.9 (3) |
C15—C162—H163 | 106.7 | C26—C27—H271 | 108.3 |
C17—C162—H164 | 106.7 | C21—C27—H271 | 108.3 |
C15—C162—H164 | 106.7 | C26—C27—H272 | 108.3 |
H163—C162—H164 | 106.6 | C21—C27—H272 | 108.3 |
C162—C17—C11 | 129.7 (8) | H271—C27—H272 | 107.4 |
O11—C11—C12—O12 | −66.4 (2) | O11—C11—C17—C161 | −69.0 (3) |
C17—C11—C12—O12 | 171.6 (2) | C12—C11—C17—C161 | 54.7 (3) |
O11—C11—C12—C13 | 53.2 (3) | C15—C161—C17—C162 | 49.7 (11) |
C17—C11—C12—C13 | −68.8 (3) | C15—C161—C17—C11 | −73.9 (4) |
O12—C12—C13—C14 | −155.2 (3) | O21—C21—C22—O22 | −66.9 (2) |
C11—C12—C13—C14 | 84.1 (3) | C27—C21—C22—O22 | 52.5 (3) |
C12—C13—C14—C15 | −45.7 (5) | O21—C21—C22—C23 | 170.5 (2) |
C13—C14—C15—C161 | −28.3 (7) | C27—C21—C22—C23 | −70.1 (3) |
C13—C14—C15—C162 | 20.8 (13) | O22—C22—C23—C24 | −73.0 (3) |
C14—C15—C161—C17 | 80.7 (6) | C21—C22—C23—C24 | 51.3 (3) |
C162—C15—C161—C17 | −40.4 (8) | C22—C23—C24—C25 | −69.2 (4) |
C14—C15—C162—C17 | −31 (2) | C23—C24—C25—C26 | 84.1 (4) |
C161—C15—C162—C17 | 56.6 (14) | C24—C25—C26—C27 | −36.0 (5) |
C15—C162—C17—C11 | 35 (2) | C25—C26—C27—C21 | −40.9 (4) |
C15—C162—C17—C161 | −48.0 (11) | O21—C21—C27—C26 | −152.3 (2) |
O11—C11—C17—C162 | −116.9 (12) | C22—C21—C27—C26 | 87.4 (3) |
C12—C11—C17—C162 | 6.9 (12) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O11—H11···O12i | 0.84 | 1.92 | 2.697 (2) | 154 |
O12—H12···O22 | 0.84 | 1.90 | 2.733 (2) | 173 |
O21—H21···O11ii | 0.84 | 1.88 | 2.720 (2) | 178 |
O22—H22···O21iii | 0.84 | 1.91 | 2.699 (2) | 156 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, −y+1, −z; (ii) x, y−1, z; (iii) −x, −y, −z. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C7H14O2 |
Mr | 130.18 |
Crystal system, space group | Triclinic, P1 |
Temperature (K) | 200 |
a, b, c (Å) | 7.4148 (5), 8.7629 (5), 12.4531 (6) |
α, β, γ (°) | 103.861 (4), 105.685 (4), 90.189 (4) |
V (Å3) | 754.32 (8) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.08 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.25 × 0.22 × 0.05 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Nonius KappaCCD diffractometer |
Absorption correction | – |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 4882, 2658, 1965 |
Rint | 0.057 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.597 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.069, 0.207, 1.04 |
No. of reflections | 2658 |
No. of parameters | 178 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.65, −0.32 |
Computer programs: COLLECT (Nonius, 2004), DENZO and SCALEPACK (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997).
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O11—H11···O12i | 0.84 | 1.92 | 2.697 (2) | 154.3 |
O12—H12···O22 | 0.84 | 1.90 | 2.733 (2) | 172.7 |
O21—H21···O11ii | 0.84 | 1.88 | 2.720 (2) | 177.5 |
O22—H22···O21iii | 0.84 | 1.91 | 2.699 (2) | 155.7 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, −y+1, −z; (ii) x, y−1, z; (iii) −x, −y, −z. |
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Sandra Albrecht for professional support.
References
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During our investigation of the chelation abilities of selected cis- and trans-configured cyclic vicinal diols and the influence of bonding to various metals, semi-metals and non-metals on the geometry of the chelating molecule, the structure of cis-cycloheptane-1,2-diol was determined.
Both molecules present in the asymmetric unit adopt chair-like conformations (Fig. 1). The O–C–C–O torsion angle is found at 60° and 66°, respectively. Both molecules possess (RS/SR)-configuration.
A disorder of a methylene group in one of the molecules was accounted for by a split model. The major position dominates by a 4:1 ratio.
In the crystal structure, hydrogen bonds furnish the formation of sheets parallel to [1 1 0]. The hydrophobic cycloheptane moieties form the surfaces of these sheets. The description of the hydrogen bonding pattern can be done in two ways: first, it can be seen as a combination of annealated ten- and eighteen-membered rings with diverging directions of rotation. As an alternative, the pattern may be seen as a set of two cooperative, antidromic chains (Fig. 2). In terms of graph-set analysis (Etter et al., 1990; Bernstein et al., 1995), the descriptor on the unitary level is DDR22(10)R22(10). While the eighteen-membered rings appear on the ternary level of graph-set analysis with a R66(18) descriptor, the cooperative chains appear on the quarternary level with a C44(8) descriptor.