organic compounds
3-Methyl-5-phenyl-1-(3-phenylisoquinolin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazole
aChemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India, bSolid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India, and cDepartment of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
*Correspondence e-mail: seikweng@um.edu.my
The title compound, C25H19N3, is composed of an aryl-substituted pyrazole ring connected to an aryl-substituted isoquinoline ring system with a dihedral angle of 52.7 (1)° between the pyrazole ring and the isoquinoline ring system. The dihedral angle between the pyrazole ring and the phenyl ring attached to it is 27.4 (1)° and the dihedral angle between the isoquinoline ring system and the phenyl ring attached to it is 19.6 (1)°.
Related literature
For medicinal applications of hydrazine derivatives, see: Broadhurst et al. (2001).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 2004); cell SAINT (Bruker, 2004); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: X-SEED (Barbour, 2001); software used to prepare material for publication: publCIF (Westrip, 2010).
Supporting information
https://doi.org/10.1107/S160053680905572X/bt5159sup1.cif
contains datablocks global, I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S160053680905572X/bt5159Isup2.hkl
3-Phenylisoquinolin-1-ylhydrazine (2.35 g, 10 mmol) and 1-phenylbutane-1,3-dione (1.62 g, 10 mmol) were dissolved in ethanol (30 ml). The solution was heated for 12 h under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction was quenched with water; the compound was extracted with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate phase was washed with water, dried, concentrated and purified by
to yield a white powder. Crystals were obtained upon recrystallization from dichloromethane.Hydrogen atoms were placed in calculated positions (C–H 0.93–0.96 Å) and were included in the
in the riding model approximation, with U(H) set to 1.2–1.5Ueq(C).For medicinal applications of hydrazine derivatives, see: Broadhurst et al. (2001).
Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 2004); cell
SAINT (Bruker, 2004); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2004); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: X-SEED (Barbour, 2001); software used to prepare material for publication: publCIF (Westrip, 2010).Fig. 1. Anisotropic displacement ellipsoid plot (Barbour, 2001) of C25H19N3 at the 50% probability level; hydrogen atoms are drawn as spheres of arbitrary radius. |
C25H19N3 | F(000) = 1520 |
Mr = 361.43 | Dx = 1.223 Mg m−3 |
Orthorhombic, Pbca | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: -P 2ac 2ab | Cell parameters from 1667 reflections |
a = 10.9610 (9) Å | θ = 2.4–19.5° |
b = 16.8078 (13) Å | µ = 0.07 mm−1 |
c = 21.3118 (17) Å | T = 290 K |
V = 3926.3 (5) Å3 | Block, colorless |
Z = 8 | 0.42 × 0.23 × 0.20 mm |
Bruker SMART area-detector diffractometer | 2031 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | Rint = 0.091 |
Graphite monochromator | θmax = 25.0°, θmin = 1.9° |
φ and ω scans | h = −13→13 |
26302 measured reflections | k = −19→19 |
3452 independent reflections | l = −25→25 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.059 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.172 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.04 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0822P)2 + 0.3609P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
3452 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
254 parameters | Δρmax = 0.16 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.16 e Å−3 |
C25H19N3 | V = 3926.3 (5) Å3 |
Mr = 361.43 | Z = 8 |
Orthorhombic, Pbca | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 10.9610 (9) Å | µ = 0.07 mm−1 |
b = 16.8078 (13) Å | T = 290 K |
c = 21.3118 (17) Å | 0.42 × 0.23 × 0.20 mm |
Bruker SMART area-detector diffractometer | 2031 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
26302 measured reflections | Rint = 0.091 |
3452 independent reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.059 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.172 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.04 | Δρmax = 0.16 e Å−3 |
3452 reflections | Δρmin = −0.16 e Å−3 |
254 parameters |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
N1 | 0.42399 (17) | 0.56804 (11) | 0.65341 (8) | 0.0632 (5) | |
N2 | 0.58627 (17) | 0.61748 (12) | 0.59624 (9) | 0.0707 (6) | |
N3 | 0.70861 (18) | 0.60123 (14) | 0.60212 (10) | 0.0846 (7) | |
C1 | 0.5164 (2) | 0.61722 (15) | 0.65309 (11) | 0.0634 (6) | |
C2 | 0.5528 (2) | 0.66672 (14) | 0.70362 (11) | 0.0633 (6) | |
C3 | 0.6493 (2) | 0.72259 (17) | 0.70207 (14) | 0.0799 (8) | |
H3 | 0.6940 | 0.7293 | 0.6654 | 0.096* | |
C4 | 0.6771 (3) | 0.76627 (17) | 0.75330 (18) | 0.0925 (9) | |
H4 | 0.7414 | 0.8023 | 0.7517 | 0.111* | |
C5 | 0.6101 (3) | 0.75780 (18) | 0.80879 (16) | 0.0963 (9) | |
H5 | 0.6304 | 0.7881 | 0.8438 | 0.116* | |
C6 | 0.5156 (3) | 0.70560 (18) | 0.81196 (14) | 0.0876 (8) | |
H6 | 0.4713 | 0.7006 | 0.8490 | 0.105* | |
C7 | 0.4844 (2) | 0.65902 (14) | 0.75938 (11) | 0.0681 (6) | |
C8 | 0.3851 (2) | 0.60570 (14) | 0.75944 (11) | 0.0691 (7) | |
H8 | 0.3392 | 0.5993 | 0.7958 | 0.083* | |
C9 | 0.3554 (2) | 0.56334 (14) | 0.70713 (11) | 0.0617 (6) | |
C10 | 0.2482 (2) | 0.50980 (14) | 0.70392 (11) | 0.0635 (6) | |
C11 | 0.1918 (2) | 0.48178 (15) | 0.75749 (12) | 0.0745 (7) | |
H11 | 0.2226 | 0.4958 | 0.7966 | 0.089* | |
C12 | 0.0904 (3) | 0.43317 (16) | 0.75384 (15) | 0.0858 (8) | |
H12 | 0.0538 | 0.4149 | 0.7905 | 0.103* | |
C13 | 0.0441 (3) | 0.4121 (2) | 0.69771 (17) | 0.0999 (10) | |
H13 | −0.0241 | 0.3793 | 0.6955 | 0.120* | |
C14 | 0.0978 (3) | 0.4392 (2) | 0.64406 (16) | 0.1194 (12) | |
H14 | 0.0660 | 0.4248 | 0.6052 | 0.143* | |
C15 | 0.1993 (3) | 0.4880 (2) | 0.64698 (13) | 0.0944 (9) | |
H15 | 0.2350 | 0.5062 | 0.6101 | 0.113* | |
C16 | 0.8797 (3) | 0.5726 (3) | 0.53211 (16) | 0.1305 (13) | |
H16A | 0.9202 | 0.5639 | 0.5715 | 0.196* | |
H16B | 0.9171 | 0.6166 | 0.5108 | 0.196* | |
H16C | 0.8864 | 0.5257 | 0.5067 | 0.196* | |
C17 | 0.7463 (2) | 0.59087 (19) | 0.54383 (14) | 0.0888 (8) | |
C18 | 0.6524 (3) | 0.59926 (17) | 0.50078 (13) | 0.0849 (8) | |
H18 | 0.6579 | 0.5946 | 0.4574 | 0.102* | |
C19 | 0.5500 (2) | 0.61580 (14) | 0.53516 (12) | 0.0688 (7) | |
C20 | 0.4262 (2) | 0.63444 (15) | 0.51195 (12) | 0.0700 (7) | |
C21 | 0.3472 (3) | 0.68436 (17) | 0.54353 (13) | 0.0869 (8) | |
H21 | 0.3704 | 0.7068 | 0.5816 | 0.104* | |
C22 | 0.2326 (3) | 0.7011 (2) | 0.51841 (16) | 0.1031 (10) | |
H22 | 0.1792 | 0.7335 | 0.5407 | 0.124* | |
C23 | 0.1976 (3) | 0.6712 (2) | 0.46237 (18) | 0.1081 (10) | |
H23 | 0.1214 | 0.6835 | 0.4458 | 0.130* | |
C24 | 0.2752 (3) | 0.6231 (2) | 0.43068 (16) | 0.1117 (11) | |
H24 | 0.2522 | 0.6027 | 0.3919 | 0.134* | |
C25 | 0.3885 (3) | 0.60395 (18) | 0.45521 (13) | 0.0887 (8) | |
H25 | 0.4398 | 0.5700 | 0.4330 | 0.106* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
N1 | 0.0544 (11) | 0.0749 (13) | 0.0603 (12) | 0.0075 (10) | 0.0015 (10) | 0.0039 (9) |
N2 | 0.0542 (12) | 0.0933 (15) | 0.0646 (13) | 0.0066 (11) | 0.0042 (10) | 0.0105 (10) |
N3 | 0.0552 (13) | 0.1212 (19) | 0.0773 (15) | 0.0096 (12) | 0.0066 (11) | 0.0139 (13) |
C1 | 0.0534 (13) | 0.0770 (16) | 0.0598 (15) | 0.0118 (13) | 0.0008 (11) | 0.0094 (12) |
C2 | 0.0553 (14) | 0.0668 (15) | 0.0679 (16) | 0.0089 (12) | −0.0046 (12) | 0.0053 (12) |
C3 | 0.0663 (16) | 0.0801 (18) | 0.093 (2) | 0.0056 (15) | −0.0055 (14) | 0.0093 (15) |
C4 | 0.0795 (19) | 0.0796 (19) | 0.118 (3) | −0.0061 (15) | −0.0244 (19) | 0.0043 (19) |
C5 | 0.100 (2) | 0.090 (2) | 0.099 (3) | 0.0029 (19) | −0.0241 (19) | −0.0117 (17) |
C6 | 0.091 (2) | 0.091 (2) | 0.081 (2) | 0.0016 (18) | −0.0062 (15) | −0.0128 (15) |
C7 | 0.0642 (14) | 0.0718 (15) | 0.0682 (17) | 0.0086 (13) | −0.0041 (13) | −0.0033 (13) |
C8 | 0.0652 (15) | 0.0802 (17) | 0.0619 (16) | 0.0128 (13) | 0.0063 (12) | −0.0027 (13) |
C9 | 0.0550 (13) | 0.0701 (15) | 0.0600 (15) | 0.0128 (12) | 0.0043 (11) | 0.0010 (12) |
C10 | 0.0557 (13) | 0.0697 (15) | 0.0652 (16) | 0.0103 (12) | 0.0054 (12) | −0.0026 (12) |
C11 | 0.0721 (16) | 0.0797 (17) | 0.0717 (17) | 0.0030 (14) | 0.0063 (14) | 0.0030 (13) |
C12 | 0.0782 (18) | 0.0835 (18) | 0.096 (2) | 0.0000 (15) | 0.0207 (17) | 0.0067 (16) |
C13 | 0.076 (2) | 0.113 (2) | 0.110 (3) | −0.0224 (17) | 0.0062 (18) | −0.002 (2) |
C14 | 0.102 (2) | 0.164 (3) | 0.092 (2) | −0.051 (2) | −0.0043 (19) | −0.012 (2) |
C15 | 0.0830 (18) | 0.129 (3) | 0.0713 (18) | −0.0221 (18) | 0.0066 (15) | −0.0034 (17) |
C16 | 0.0710 (19) | 0.202 (4) | 0.119 (3) | 0.025 (2) | 0.0287 (18) | 0.014 (3) |
C17 | 0.0685 (17) | 0.121 (2) | 0.0765 (19) | 0.0118 (16) | 0.0171 (15) | 0.0141 (17) |
C18 | 0.0853 (19) | 0.106 (2) | 0.0633 (16) | 0.0106 (16) | 0.0141 (15) | 0.0110 (14) |
C19 | 0.0733 (16) | 0.0701 (16) | 0.0630 (16) | 0.0038 (13) | 0.0045 (13) | 0.0093 (12) |
C20 | 0.0748 (16) | 0.0685 (15) | 0.0667 (17) | 0.0027 (13) | 0.0002 (14) | 0.0110 (12) |
C21 | 0.091 (2) | 0.093 (2) | 0.0768 (18) | 0.0228 (17) | −0.0073 (15) | 0.0028 (14) |
C22 | 0.097 (2) | 0.121 (3) | 0.091 (2) | 0.0377 (19) | −0.0039 (19) | 0.0170 (18) |
C23 | 0.084 (2) | 0.144 (3) | 0.097 (3) | 0.017 (2) | −0.0086 (19) | 0.022 (2) |
C24 | 0.101 (2) | 0.145 (3) | 0.089 (2) | −0.005 (2) | −0.024 (2) | −0.004 (2) |
C25 | 0.089 (2) | 0.102 (2) | 0.0748 (19) | 0.0065 (17) | −0.0030 (16) | −0.0044 (15) |
N1—C1 | 1.308 (3) | C12—H12 | 0.9300 |
N1—C9 | 1.372 (3) | C13—C14 | 1.365 (4) |
N2—C19 | 1.362 (3) | C13—H13 | 0.9300 |
N2—N3 | 1.374 (3) | C14—C15 | 1.383 (4) |
N2—C1 | 1.433 (3) | C14—H14 | 0.9300 |
N3—C17 | 1.321 (3) | C15—H15 | 0.9300 |
C1—C2 | 1.418 (3) | C16—C17 | 1.515 (4) |
C2—C7 | 1.411 (3) | C16—H16A | 0.9600 |
C2—C3 | 1.414 (3) | C16—H16B | 0.9600 |
C3—C4 | 1.351 (4) | C16—H16C | 0.9600 |
C3—H3 | 0.9300 | C17—C18 | 1.385 (4) |
C4—C5 | 1.399 (4) | C18—C19 | 1.370 (3) |
C4—H4 | 0.9300 | C18—H18 | 0.9300 |
C5—C6 | 1.359 (4) | C19—C20 | 1.478 (3) |
C5—H5 | 0.9300 | C20—C25 | 1.377 (3) |
C6—C7 | 1.409 (3) | C20—C21 | 1.381 (4) |
C6—H6 | 0.9300 | C21—C22 | 1.394 (4) |
C7—C8 | 1.410 (3) | C21—H21 | 0.9300 |
C8—C9 | 1.362 (3) | C22—C23 | 1.351 (4) |
C8—H8 | 0.9300 | C22—H22 | 0.9300 |
C9—C10 | 1.481 (3) | C23—C24 | 1.355 (5) |
C10—C15 | 1.376 (3) | C23—H23 | 0.9300 |
C10—C11 | 1.381 (3) | C24—C25 | 1.385 (4) |
C11—C12 | 1.382 (4) | C24—H24 | 0.9300 |
C11—H11 | 0.9300 | C25—H25 | 0.9300 |
C12—C13 | 1.347 (4) | ||
C1—N1—C9 | 117.7 (2) | C12—C13—H13 | 120.2 |
C19—N2—N3 | 111.61 (19) | C14—C13—H13 | 120.2 |
C19—N2—C1 | 130.7 (2) | C13—C14—C15 | 120.5 (3) |
N3—N2—C1 | 116.34 (19) | C13—C14—H14 | 119.7 |
C17—N3—N2 | 104.2 (2) | C15—C14—H14 | 119.8 |
N1—C1—C2 | 125.8 (2) | C10—C15—C14 | 120.7 (3) |
N1—C1—N2 | 114.9 (2) | C10—C15—H15 | 119.6 |
C2—C1—N2 | 119.3 (2) | C14—C15—H15 | 119.6 |
C7—C2—C3 | 118.5 (2) | C17—C16—H16A | 109.5 |
C7—C2—C1 | 115.9 (2) | C17—C16—H16B | 109.5 |
C3—C2—C1 | 125.6 (2) | H16A—C16—H16B | 109.5 |
C4—C3—C2 | 120.7 (3) | C17—C16—H16C | 109.5 |
C4—C3—H3 | 119.6 | H16A—C16—H16C | 109.5 |
C2—C3—H3 | 119.6 | H16B—C16—H16C | 109.5 |
C3—C4—C5 | 120.6 (3) | N3—C17—C18 | 112.2 (2) |
C3—C4—H4 | 119.7 | N3—C17—C16 | 118.9 (3) |
C5—C4—H4 | 119.7 | C18—C17—C16 | 128.9 (3) |
C6—C5—C4 | 120.5 (3) | C19—C18—C17 | 106.0 (2) |
C6—C5—H5 | 119.7 | C19—C18—H18 | 127.0 |
C4—C5—H5 | 119.7 | C17—C18—H18 | 127.0 |
C5—C6—C7 | 120.3 (3) | N2—C19—C18 | 106.0 (2) |
C5—C6—H6 | 119.9 | N2—C19—C20 | 125.7 (2) |
C7—C6—H6 | 119.9 | C18—C19—C20 | 128.1 (2) |
C8—C7—C2 | 118.0 (2) | C25—C20—C21 | 117.8 (3) |
C8—C7—C6 | 122.7 (2) | C25—C20—C19 | 119.4 (2) |
C2—C7—C6 | 119.3 (2) | C21—C20—C19 | 122.8 (2) |
C9—C8—C7 | 121.1 (2) | C20—C21—C22 | 120.0 (3) |
C9—C8—H8 | 119.5 | C20—C21—H21 | 120.0 |
C7—C8—H8 | 119.5 | C22—C21—H21 | 120.0 |
C8—C9—N1 | 121.5 (2) | C23—C22—C21 | 121.4 (3) |
C8—C9—C10 | 123.0 (2) | C23—C22—H22 | 119.3 |
N1—C9—C10 | 115.5 (2) | C21—C22—H22 | 119.3 |
C15—C10—C11 | 117.6 (2) | C22—C23—C24 | 118.9 (3) |
C15—C10—C9 | 120.8 (2) | C22—C23—H23 | 120.5 |
C11—C10—C9 | 121.6 (2) | C24—C23—H23 | 120.5 |
C12—C11—C10 | 121.0 (2) | C23—C24—C25 | 120.9 (3) |
C12—C11—H11 | 119.5 | C23—C24—H24 | 119.5 |
C10—C11—H11 | 119.5 | C25—C24—H24 | 119.5 |
C13—C12—C11 | 120.6 (3) | C20—C25—C24 | 120.9 (3) |
C13—C12—H12 | 119.7 | C20—C25—H25 | 119.5 |
C11—C12—H12 | 119.7 | C24—C25—H25 | 119.5 |
C12—C13—C14 | 119.6 (3) | ||
C19—N2—N3—C17 | 0.9 (3) | N1—C9—C10—C11 | 161.5 (2) |
C1—N2—N3—C17 | 169.0 (2) | C15—C10—C11—C12 | 0.4 (4) |
C9—N1—C1—C2 | 0.0 (3) | C9—C10—C11—C12 | 178.7 (2) |
C9—N1—C1—N2 | 178.25 (18) | C10—C11—C12—C13 | −0.1 (4) |
C19—N2—C1—N1 | 42.3 (3) | C11—C12—C13—C14 | −0.1 (5) |
N3—N2—C1—N1 | −123.0 (2) | C12—C13—C14—C15 | 0.1 (5) |
C19—N2—C1—C2 | −139.3 (2) | C11—C10—C15—C14 | −0.4 (4) |
N3—N2—C1—C2 | 55.3 (3) | C9—C10—C15—C14 | −178.7 (3) |
N1—C1—C2—C7 | 2.4 (3) | C13—C14—C15—C10 | 0.2 (5) |
N2—C1—C2—C7 | −175.80 (18) | N2—N3—C17—C18 | −0.5 (3) |
N1—C1—C2—C3 | −176.8 (2) | N2—N3—C17—C16 | 179.2 (3) |
N2—C1—C2—C3 | 5.1 (3) | N3—C17—C18—C19 | −0.1 (3) |
C7—C2—C3—C4 | 1.6 (3) | C16—C17—C18—C19 | −179.8 (3) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | −179.3 (2) | N3—N2—C19—C18 | −1.0 (3) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | −0.8 (4) | C1—N2—C19—C18 | −166.9 (2) |
C3—C4—C5—C6 | −0.2 (4) | N3—N2—C19—C20 | −176.8 (2) |
C4—C5—C6—C7 | 0.4 (4) | C1—N2—C19—C20 | 17.3 (4) |
C3—C2—C7—C8 | 177.2 (2) | C17—C18—C19—N2 | 0.6 (3) |
C1—C2—C7—C8 | −2.0 (3) | C17—C18—C19—C20 | 176.3 (3) |
C3—C2—C7—C6 | −1.4 (3) | N2—C19—C20—C25 | −156.5 (2) |
C1—C2—C7—C6 | 179.4 (2) | C18—C19—C20—C25 | 28.6 (4) |
C5—C6—C7—C8 | −178.1 (2) | N2—C19—C20—C21 | 26.4 (4) |
C5—C6—C7—C2 | 0.4 (4) | C18—C19—C20—C21 | −148.5 (3) |
C2—C7—C8—C9 | −0.5 (3) | C25—C20—C21—C22 | 1.3 (4) |
C6—C7—C8—C9 | 178.0 (2) | C19—C20—C21—C22 | 178.5 (2) |
C7—C8—C9—N1 | 3.1 (3) | C20—C21—C22—C23 | −2.0 (5) |
C7—C8—C9—C10 | −176.8 (2) | C21—C22—C23—C24 | 1.0 (5) |
C1—N1—C9—C8 | −2.8 (3) | C22—C23—C24—C25 | 0.6 (6) |
C1—N1—C9—C10 | 177.05 (19) | C21—C20—C25—C24 | 0.3 (4) |
C8—C9—C10—C15 | 159.6 (2) | C19—C20—C25—C24 | −177.0 (3) |
N1—C9—C10—C15 | −20.2 (3) | C23—C24—C25—C20 | −1.2 (5) |
C8—C9—C10—C11 | −18.6 (3) |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C25H19N3 |
Mr | 361.43 |
Crystal system, space group | Orthorhombic, Pbca |
Temperature (K) | 290 |
a, b, c (Å) | 10.9610 (9), 16.8078 (13), 21.3118 (17) |
V (Å3) | 3926.3 (5) |
Z | 8 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.07 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.42 × 0.23 × 0.20 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Bruker SMART area-detector diffractometer |
Absorption correction | – |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 26302, 3452, 2031 |
Rint | 0.091 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.594 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.059, 0.172, 1.04 |
No. of reflections | 3452 |
No. of parameters | 254 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.16, −0.16 |
Computer programs: SMART (Bruker, 2004), SAINT (Bruker, 2004), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), X-SEED (Barbour, 2001), publCIF (Westrip, 2010).
Acknowledgements
We thank the Department of Science and Technology, India, for use of the diffraction facility at IISc under the IRHPA–DST program. FNK thanks the DST for Fast Track Proposal funding. We thank VIT University and the University of Malaya for supporting this study.
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