metal-organic compounds
Di-μ-chlorido-bis{[μ-1,8-bis(diisopropylphosphanyl)-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene-κ2P:P′]-μ-chlorido-μ-methylidene-dipalladium(II)} tetrahydrofuran pentasolvate
aOrganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
*Correspondence e-mail: ph@oci.uni-heidelberg.de
The title compound, [Pd4(CH2)2Cl4(C28H40P2)2]·5C4H8O, possesses a tetranuclear palladium core with four bridging chlorido ligands and two bridging methylene units, as well as two bridging anthracene-based bis-phosphine ligands. This tetranuclear complex can be considered as being composed of two μ-chlorido-bridged LPd2 units. The structural motif of these LPd2 units shows two doubly bridged palladium centers between the P atoms of the bis-phosphine ligand. One of these bridges is a μ-Cl atom, the other a μ-methylene group. The coordination environment around each palladium center is essentially square planar. We ascribe the +II to the palladium centers and do not assume Pd—Pd bonds [shortest distances 2.8110 (5) and 2.8109 (6) Å]. Co-crystallized with the palladium complex we found five non-coordinating tetrahydrofuran solvent molecules, one of which is disordered over two positions in a 0.429 (9):0.571 (8) ratio.
Related literature
For the synthesis of the Pd(0) precursor, see: Schnetz et al. (2008). The structural motif of a doubly brigded dinuclear Pd(II) complex with anthraceno-based bis-phosphines was reported by Warth (1999) and Grossman et al. (2006). Related palladium structures with a bridging μ2-methylene group were reported by Brownie et al. (2003) and Klopfenstein et al. (1996). For a recent example of a tetranuclear Pd platform with bridging μ2-methylene units, see: Sachse et al. (2010).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Data collection: SMART (Siemens, 1996); cell SAINT (Siemens, 1996); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008b); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXTL; molecular graphics: SHELXTL; software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL.
Supporting information
10.1107/S1600536810010263/hg2653sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810010263/hg2653Isup2.hkl
In a reaction of [1,8-Bis(di-iso-propylphosphino)-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene- κ2P,P']palladium(0) with an excess of n-Propylchloride in d8-THF at room temperature colourless crystals of the title compound could be obtained in small quantities under an inert argon atmosphere.
Five THF solvent molecules were located in the
one of them had to be modelled disordered over two different orientations (occupancies 0.429 (8) : 571 (8)). All the solvent positions were refined using restraints keeping chemically equivalent bonds and angles similar, within one molecule as well as among the molecules. Rigid bond restraints and similarity restraints for spatially adjacent atoms were applied to the Uij values of the solvent atoms. While the oxygen atoms of the four ordered THF molecules could be clearly identified, the assignments for the disordered THF molecule are not without ambiguity.Hydrogen atoms of the phosphine ligands and the THF molecules were placed in calculated positions (C–H 0.95– 1.00 Å) and were included in the
in the riding model approximation with Uiso(H) set to 1.2–1.5 Ueq(C). A staggered group model was used for the methyl groups. The hydrogen atoms of the bridging methylene groups could be clearly identified in the difference and were treated in the using restraints for similar C–H distances and a common displacement parameter.Data collection: SMART (Siemens, 1996); cell
SAINT (Siemens, 1996); data reduction: SAINT (Siemens, 1996); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008b); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008b); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008b); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008b).Fig. 1. Thermal ellipsoid representation of the title compound. Displacement ellipsoids were plotted at 50% probability level. |
[Pd4(CH2)2Cl4(C28H40P2)2]·5C4H8O | V = 4048.61 (9) Å3 |
Mr = 1833.05 | Z = 2 |
Triclinic, P1 | F(000) = 1888 |
Hall symbol: -P 1 | Dx = 1.504 Mg m−3 |
a = 12.5799 (1) Å | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
b = 17.2830 (3) Å | Cell parameters from 5889 reflections |
c = 19.7558 (2) Å | µ = 1.13 mm−1 |
α = 79.877 (1)° | T = 200 K |
β = 74.703 (1)° | Polyhedron, colourless |
γ = 80.717 (1)° | 0.18 × 0.18 × 0.06 mm |
Bruker SMART CCD diffractometer | 15292 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 9483 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.056 |
ω scans | θmax = 25.7°, θmin = 1.7° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2008a) | h = −15→15 |
Tmin = 0.822, Tmax = 0.935 | k = −21→21 |
36611 measured reflections | l = −24→24 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.047 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.106 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 1.01 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0417P)2 + 0.8053P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
15292 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
915 parameters | Δρmax = 0.82 e Å−3 |
434 restraints | Δρmin = −0.73 e Å−3 |
[Pd4(CH2)2Cl4(C28H40P2)2]·5C4H8O | γ = 80.717 (1)° |
Mr = 1833.05 | V = 4048.61 (9) Å3 |
Triclinic, P1 | Z = 2 |
a = 12.5799 (1) Å | Mo Kα radiation |
b = 17.2830 (3) Å | µ = 1.13 mm−1 |
c = 19.7558 (2) Å | T = 200 K |
α = 79.877 (1)° | 0.18 × 0.18 × 0.06 mm |
β = 74.703 (1)° |
Bruker SMART CCD diffractometer | 15292 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2008a) | 9483 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.822, Tmax = 0.935 | Rint = 0.056 |
36611 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.047 | 434 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.106 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 1.01 | Δρmax = 0.82 e Å−3 |
15292 reflections | Δρmin = −0.73 e Å−3 |
915 parameters |
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | Occ. (<1) | |
Pd1 | 0.47930 (3) | 0.21727 (2) | 0.34085 (2) | 0.02319 (11) | |
Pd2 | 0.24625 (3) | 0.22887 (3) | 0.38000 (2) | 0.02516 (11) | |
Pd3 | 0.47029 (3) | 0.30751 (2) | 0.14456 (2) | 0.02341 (11) | |
Pd4 | 0.23706 (3) | 0.32848 (3) | 0.18531 (2) | 0.02701 (12) | |
Cl1 | 0.36596 (11) | 0.16459 (9) | 0.28118 (7) | 0.0361 (4) | |
Cl2 | 0.35972 (11) | 0.38581 (9) | 0.23512 (8) | 0.0430 (4) | |
Cl3 | 0.59914 (10) | 0.25954 (9) | 0.22297 (7) | 0.0339 (4) | |
Cl4 | 0.11979 (11) | 0.29472 (11) | 0.30539 (7) | 0.0504 (5) | |
C13 | 0.3675 (4) | 0.1783 (3) | 0.4288 (3) | 0.0288 (13) | |
H13A | 0.373 (4) | 0.1221 (15) | 0.430 (2) | 0.020 (6)* | |
H13B | 0.368 (4) | 0.190 (3) | 0.4733 (16) | 0.020 (6)* | |
C14 | 0.3510 (4) | 0.3541 (3) | 0.0940 (3) | 0.0251 (13) | |
H14A | 0.344 (4) | 0.332 (2) | 0.0546 (18) | 0.020 (6)* | |
H14B | 0.357 (4) | 0.4093 (15) | 0.085 (2) | 0.020 (6)* | |
P1 | 0.59170 (11) | 0.24153 (8) | 0.40365 (7) | 0.0233 (3) | |
P2 | 0.12809 (11) | 0.25216 (8) | 0.48211 (7) | 0.0234 (3) | |
P3 | 0.58086 (11) | 0.25881 (8) | 0.04890 (7) | 0.0220 (3) | |
P4 | 0.11326 (11) | 0.30836 (9) | 0.12971 (7) | 0.0258 (3) | |
C1 | 0.5481 (4) | 0.2807 (3) | 0.4894 (3) | 0.0237 (12) | |
C2 | 0.6275 (4) | 0.2669 (3) | 0.5296 (3) | 0.0298 (13) | |
H2 | 0.6915 | 0.2301 | 0.5163 | 0.036* | |
C3 | 0.6167 (5) | 0.3044 (4) | 0.5876 (3) | 0.0357 (15) | |
H3 | 0.6724 | 0.2928 | 0.6136 | 0.043* | |
C4 | 0.5254 (4) | 0.3586 (3) | 0.6083 (3) | 0.0284 (13) | |
H4 | 0.5192 | 0.3869 | 0.6465 | 0.034* | |
C5 | 0.1723 (5) | 0.3546 (3) | 0.6725 (3) | 0.0369 (15) | |
H5 | 0.1714 | 0.3818 | 0.7105 | 0.044* | |
C6 | 0.0989 (4) | 0.2990 (4) | 0.6812 (3) | 0.0359 (15) | |
H6 | 0.0515 | 0.2847 | 0.7264 | 0.043* | |
C7 | 0.0959 (4) | 0.2652 (3) | 0.6240 (3) | 0.0319 (14) | |
H7 | 0.0437 | 0.2289 | 0.6304 | 0.038* | |
C8 | 0.1666 (4) | 0.2818 (3) | 0.5564 (3) | 0.0241 (12) | |
C9 | 0.3453 (4) | 0.3529 (3) | 0.4850 (3) | 0.0210 (12) | |
H9 | 0.3491 | 0.3241 | 0.4446 | 0.025* | |
C10 | 0.3352 (4) | 0.4230 (3) | 0.5926 (3) | 0.0294 (13) | |
H10 | 0.3321 | 0.4480 | 0.6351 | 0.035* | |
C11 | 0.3217 (5) | 0.4861 (3) | 0.5282 (3) | 0.0371 (15) | |
H11A | 0.2486 | 0.5186 | 0.5395 | 0.045* | |
H11B | 0.3803 | 0.5215 | 0.5169 | 0.045* | |
C12 | 0.3306 (4) | 0.4437 (3) | 0.4638 (3) | 0.0308 (13) | |
H12A | 0.2627 | 0.4599 | 0.4460 | 0.037* | |
H12B | 0.3948 | 0.4595 | 0.4252 | 0.037* | |
C17 | 0.4513 (4) | 0.3315 (3) | 0.5133 (3) | 0.0217 (12) | |
C18 | 0.4433 (4) | 0.3705 (3) | 0.5715 (3) | 0.0274 (13) | |
C19 | 0.2483 (4) | 0.3315 (3) | 0.5492 (3) | 0.0230 (12) | |
C20 | 0.2466 (4) | 0.3694 (3) | 0.6072 (3) | 0.0275 (13) | |
C21 | 0.6853 (4) | 0.3135 (3) | 0.3499 (3) | 0.0307 (14) | |
H21 | 0.7142 | 0.2958 | 0.3022 | 0.037* | |
C22 | 0.6176 (5) | 0.3940 (3) | 0.3385 (3) | 0.0430 (16) | |
H22A | 0.5531 | 0.3879 | 0.3217 | 0.064* | |
H22B | 0.6638 | 0.4299 | 0.3031 | 0.064* | |
H22C | 0.5922 | 0.4161 | 0.3833 | 0.064* | |
C23 | 0.7874 (5) | 0.3200 (4) | 0.3761 (3) | 0.0456 (17) | |
H23A | 0.8286 | 0.2673 | 0.3835 | 0.068* | |
H23B | 0.7636 | 0.3421 | 0.4209 | 0.068* | |
H23C | 0.8353 | 0.3547 | 0.3407 | 0.068* | |
C25 | 0.6822 (4) | 0.1773 (3) | 0.0762 (3) | 0.0274 (13) | |
H25 | 0.7117 | 0.1968 | 0.1116 | 0.033* | |
C26 | 0.6233 (5) | 0.1063 (3) | 0.1158 (3) | 0.0389 (15) | |
H26A | 0.5599 | 0.1235 | 0.1532 | 0.058* | |
H26B | 0.6751 | 0.0671 | 0.1370 | 0.058* | |
H26C | 0.5970 | 0.0824 | 0.0827 | 0.058* | |
C27 | 0.7842 (4) | 0.1526 (4) | 0.0180 (3) | 0.0414 (16) | |
H27A | 0.8208 | 0.1993 | −0.0062 | 0.062* | |
H27B | 0.7606 | 0.1288 | −0.0163 | 0.062* | |
H27C | 0.8363 | 0.1140 | 0.0395 | 0.062* | |
C31 | 0.6835 (4) | 0.1482 (3) | 0.4194 (3) | 0.0321 (14) | |
H31 | 0.7397 | 0.1594 | 0.4429 | 0.038* | |
C32 | 0.6169 (5) | 0.0855 (3) | 0.4689 (3) | 0.0501 (18) | |
H32A | 0.5795 | 0.1054 | 0.5138 | 0.075* | |
H32B | 0.6670 | 0.0373 | 0.4780 | 0.075* | |
H32C | 0.5613 | 0.0735 | 0.4469 | 0.075* | |
C33 | 0.7457 (5) | 0.1193 (4) | 0.3483 (3) | 0.0468 (17) | |
H33A | 0.7885 | 0.1607 | 0.3181 | 0.070* | |
H33B | 0.6920 | 0.1077 | 0.3246 | 0.070* | |
H33C | 0.7962 | 0.0713 | 0.3571 | 0.070* | |
C35 | 0.6651 (5) | 0.3376 (3) | −0.0035 (3) | 0.0330 (14) | |
H35 | 0.7242 | 0.3138 | −0.0415 | 0.040* | |
C36 | 0.5920 (5) | 0.4037 (3) | −0.0393 (3) | 0.0535 (18) | |
H36A | 0.5580 | 0.3813 | −0.0695 | 0.080* | |
H36B | 0.6379 | 0.4440 | −0.0683 | 0.080* | |
H36C | 0.5337 | 0.4281 | −0.0029 | 0.080* | |
C37 | 0.7210 (5) | 0.3691 (4) | 0.0435 (3) | 0.056 (2) | |
H37A | 0.7664 | 0.3255 | 0.0654 | 0.084* | |
H37B | 0.6643 | 0.3937 | 0.0806 | 0.084* | |
H37C | 0.7684 | 0.4087 | 0.0149 | 0.084* | |
C41 | 0.0125 (4) | 0.3310 (3) | 0.4693 (3) | 0.0301 (13) | |
H41 | −0.0166 | 0.3177 | 0.4309 | 0.036* | |
C42 | 0.0557 (5) | 0.4103 (3) | 0.4422 (3) | 0.0423 (16) | |
H42A | 0.1180 | 0.4054 | 0.4007 | 0.063* | |
H42B | 0.0807 | 0.4276 | 0.4795 | 0.063* | |
H42C | −0.0037 | 0.4494 | 0.4291 | 0.063* | |
C43 | −0.0856 (5) | 0.3370 (4) | 0.5334 (3) | 0.0494 (18) | |
H43A | −0.1126 | 0.2852 | 0.5498 | 0.074* | |
H43B | −0.1452 | 0.3758 | 0.5202 | 0.074* | |
H43C | −0.0621 | 0.3538 | 0.5715 | 0.074* | |
C45 | 0.0110 (4) | 0.2437 (3) | 0.1876 (3) | 0.0341 (14) | |
H45 | −0.0166 | 0.2655 | 0.2336 | 0.041* | |
C46 | 0.0685 (5) | 0.1603 (4) | 0.2042 (3) | 0.0510 (18) | |
H46A | 0.1336 | 0.1633 | 0.2216 | 0.077* | |
H46B | 0.0920 | 0.1350 | 0.1611 | 0.077* | |
H46C | 0.0168 | 0.1291 | 0.2405 | 0.077* | |
C47 | −0.0916 (5) | 0.2408 (4) | 0.1605 (3) | 0.0503 (18) | |
H47A | −0.1279 | 0.2947 | 0.1506 | 0.075* | |
H47B | −0.1435 | 0.2094 | 0.1965 | 0.075* | |
H47C | −0.0689 | 0.2163 | 0.1169 | 0.075* | |
C51 | 0.0572 (4) | 0.1624 (3) | 0.5190 (3) | 0.0297 (13) | |
H51 | −0.0046 | 0.1748 | 0.5607 | 0.036* | |
C52 | 0.1377 (5) | 0.0938 (3) | 0.5439 (3) | 0.0471 (17) | |
H52A | 0.1682 | 0.1094 | 0.5796 | 0.071* | |
H52B | 0.1983 | 0.0804 | 0.5034 | 0.071* | |
H52C | 0.0981 | 0.0475 | 0.5647 | 0.071* | |
C53 | 0.0074 (5) | 0.1400 (4) | 0.4633 (3) | 0.0445 (16) | |
H53A | −0.0442 | 0.1846 | 0.4484 | 0.067* | |
H53B | −0.0325 | 0.0938 | 0.4836 | 0.067* | |
H53C | 0.0670 | 0.1272 | 0.4221 | 0.067* | |
C55 | 0.0288 (4) | 0.4056 (3) | 0.1131 (3) | 0.0326 (14) | |
H55 | −0.0322 | 0.3968 | 0.0926 | 0.039* | |
C56 | 0.0986 (5) | 0.4633 (3) | 0.0601 (3) | 0.0433 (16) | |
H56A | 0.1310 | 0.4407 | 0.0159 | 0.065* | |
H56B | 0.1582 | 0.4736 | 0.0795 | 0.065* | |
H56C | 0.0519 | 0.5131 | 0.0504 | 0.065* | |
C57 | −0.0237 (5) | 0.4382 (4) | 0.1828 (3) | 0.0507 (18) | |
H57A | −0.0688 | 0.3998 | 0.2157 | 0.076* | |
H57B | −0.0709 | 0.4880 | 0.1740 | 0.076* | |
H57C | 0.0348 | 0.4478 | 0.2035 | 0.076* | |
C61 | 0.5362 (4) | 0.2169 (3) | −0.0176 (3) | 0.0208 (12) | |
C62 | 0.6145 (5) | 0.2129 (3) | −0.0826 (3) | 0.0335 (14) | |
H62 | 0.6778 | 0.2402 | −0.0922 | 0.040* | |
C63 | 0.6036 (5) | 0.1707 (3) | −0.1339 (3) | 0.0371 (15) | |
H63 | 0.6582 | 0.1697 | −0.1775 | 0.045* | |
C64 | 0.5121 (4) | 0.1301 (3) | −0.1204 (3) | 0.0316 (14) | |
H64 | 0.5044 | 0.0994 | −0.1539 | 0.038* | |
C65 | 0.1548 (5) | 0.1827 (4) | −0.0661 (3) | 0.0404 (16) | |
H65 | 0.1552 | 0.1531 | −0.1024 | 0.049* | |
C66 | 0.0753 (5) | 0.2472 (4) | −0.0516 (3) | 0.0433 (16) | |
H66 | 0.0237 | 0.2641 | −0.0803 | 0.052* | |
C67 | 0.0705 (4) | 0.2866 (3) | 0.0037 (3) | 0.0318 (14) | |
H67 | 0.0136 | 0.3293 | 0.0136 | 0.038* | |
C68 | 0.1480 (4) | 0.2657 (3) | 0.0465 (3) | 0.0247 (12) | |
C69 | 0.3374 (4) | 0.1758 (3) | 0.0579 (3) | 0.0239 (12) | |
H69 | 0.3418 | 0.2077 | 0.0945 | 0.029* | |
C70 | 0.3274 (5) | 0.0963 (3) | −0.0395 (3) | 0.0360 (15) | |
H70 | 0.3228 | 0.0681 | −0.0784 | 0.043* | |
C71 | 0.3235 (5) | 0.0396 (3) | 0.0305 (3) | 0.0395 (15) | |
H71A | 0.3852 | −0.0039 | 0.0235 | 0.047* | |
H71B | 0.2527 | 0.0163 | 0.0456 | 0.047* | |
C72 | 0.3337 (5) | 0.0862 (3) | 0.0879 (3) | 0.0335 (14) | |
H72A | 0.4023 | 0.0646 | 0.1039 | 0.040* | |
H72B | 0.2696 | 0.0800 | 0.1293 | 0.040* | |
C77 | 0.4402 (4) | 0.1786 (3) | −0.0054 (3) | 0.0240 (12) | |
C78 | 0.4326 (4) | 0.1349 (3) | −0.0579 (3) | 0.0255 (12) | |
C79 | 0.2347 (4) | 0.2052 (3) | 0.0281 (3) | 0.0252 (13) | |
C80 | 0.2345 (4) | 0.1623 (3) | −0.0263 (3) | 0.0326 (14) | |
O80 | 0.1835 (5) | 0.6705 (3) | 0.1947 (3) | 0.0915 (19) | |
C81 | 0.2354 (8) | 0.6670 (5) | 0.2510 (5) | 0.095 (3) | |
H81A | 0.1924 | 0.7042 | 0.2840 | 0.114* | |
H81B | 0.3112 | 0.6824 | 0.2319 | 0.114* | |
C82 | 0.2408 (6) | 0.5849 (4) | 0.2891 (4) | 0.075 (2) | |
H82A | 0.2285 | 0.5845 | 0.3408 | 0.090* | |
H82B | 0.3130 | 0.5537 | 0.2712 | 0.090* | |
C83 | 0.1470 (6) | 0.5538 (4) | 0.2719 (4) | 0.066 (2) | |
H83A | 0.1613 | 0.4957 | 0.2721 | 0.080* | |
H83B | 0.0754 | 0.5669 | 0.3059 | 0.080* | |
C84 | 0.1476 (7) | 0.5960 (4) | 0.1998 (4) | 0.078 (3) | |
H84A | 0.1984 | 0.5653 | 0.1638 | 0.094* | |
H84B | 0.0721 | 0.6029 | 0.1916 | 0.094* | |
O85 | 0.2286 (6) | −0.1162 (4) | 0.3862 (3) | 0.132 (3) | |
C86 | 0.2504 (10) | −0.1239 (5) | 0.3145 (4) | 0.121 (4) | |
H86A | 0.1959 | −0.1545 | 0.3064 | 0.146* | |
H86B | 0.3258 | −0.1519 | 0.2985 | 0.146* | |
C87 | 0.2416 (8) | −0.0422 (5) | 0.2748 (4) | 0.089 (3) | |
H87A | 0.3159 | −0.0247 | 0.2536 | 0.106* | |
H87B | 0.2025 | −0.0392 | 0.2368 | 0.106* | |
C88 | 0.1768 (7) | 0.0059 (4) | 0.3300 (4) | 0.080 (2) | |
H88A | 0.1943 | 0.0612 | 0.3186 | 0.096* | |
H88B | 0.0960 | 0.0057 | 0.3369 | 0.096* | |
C89 | 0.2148 (8) | −0.0357 (5) | 0.3923 (4) | 0.096 (3) | |
H89A | 0.2859 | −0.0187 | 0.3932 | 0.116* | |
H89B | 0.1591 | −0.0246 | 0.4365 | 0.116* | |
O90 | 0.0116 (9) | −0.1175 (5) | 0.2291 (6) | 0.174 (4) | |
C91 | 0.0593 (9) | −0.1076 (9) | 0.1565 (6) | 0.184 (8) | |
H91A | 0.0489 | −0.1535 | 0.1362 | 0.220* | |
H91B | 0.1401 | −0.1061 | 0.1484 | 0.220* | |
C92 | 0.0106 (9) | −0.0350 (7) | 0.1205 (5) | 0.120 (4) | |
H92A | −0.0069 | −0.0445 | 0.0768 | 0.144* | |
H92B | 0.0606 | 0.0068 | 0.1082 | 0.144* | |
C93 | −0.0921 (7) | −0.0134 (5) | 0.1748 (5) | 0.089 (3) | |
H93A | −0.1055 | 0.0444 | 0.1756 | 0.107* | |
H93B | −0.1575 | −0.0307 | 0.1653 | 0.107* | |
C94 | −0.0704 (8) | −0.0555 (8) | 0.2414 (5) | 0.135 (4) | |
H94A | −0.0475 | −0.0187 | 0.2665 | 0.162* | |
H94B | −0.1391 | −0.0756 | 0.2720 | 0.162* | |
O95 | 0.7300 (10) | 0.5637 (7) | 0.2061 (7) | 0.079 (4) | 0.429 (8) |
C96 | 0.680 (2) | 0.6400 (9) | 0.1905 (16) | 0.090 (6) | 0.429 (8) |
H96A | 0.7356 | 0.6726 | 0.1579 | 0.107* | 0.429 (8) |
H96B | 0.6503 | 0.6644 | 0.2345 | 0.107* | 0.429 (8) |
C97 | 0.591 (2) | 0.6369 (12) | 0.1573 (17) | 0.112 (6) | 0.429 (8) |
H97A | 0.5889 | 0.6804 | 0.1176 | 0.134* | 0.429 (8) |
H97B | 0.5178 | 0.6400 | 0.1921 | 0.134* | 0.429 (8) |
C98 | 0.620 (2) | 0.5577 (13) | 0.1312 (16) | 0.102 (7) | 0.429 (8) |
H98A | 0.5544 | 0.5279 | 0.1460 | 0.122* | 0.429 (8) |
H98B | 0.6445 | 0.5645 | 0.0789 | 0.122* | 0.429 (8) |
C99 | 0.7080 (17) | 0.5161 (9) | 0.1624 (11) | 0.071 (5) | 0.429 (8) |
H99A | 0.6856 | 0.4654 | 0.1905 | 0.085* | 0.429 (8) |
H99B | 0.7754 | 0.5042 | 0.1248 | 0.085* | 0.429 (8) |
O95B | 0.5847 (12) | 0.5705 (7) | 0.2323 (5) | 0.133 (5) | 0.571 (8) |
C96B | 0.612 (2) | 0.6465 (9) | 0.2023 (8) | 0.102 (6) | 0.571 (8) |
H96C | 0.6551 | 0.6655 | 0.2300 | 0.123* | 0.571 (8) |
H96D | 0.5437 | 0.6840 | 0.2017 | 0.123* | 0.571 (8) |
C97B | 0.678 (2) | 0.6408 (10) | 0.1300 (8) | 0.114 (6) | 0.571 (8) |
H97C | 0.7531 | 0.6558 | 0.1237 | 0.137* | 0.571 (8) |
H97D | 0.6418 | 0.6758 | 0.0952 | 0.137* | 0.571 (8) |
C98B | 0.6847 (17) | 0.5567 (10) | 0.1210 (9) | 0.107 (6) | 0.571 (8) |
H98C | 0.6732 | 0.5520 | 0.0743 | 0.129* | 0.571 (8) |
H98D | 0.7575 | 0.5274 | 0.1255 | 0.129* | 0.571 (8) |
C99B | 0.5943 (15) | 0.5271 (9) | 0.1789 (8) | 0.090 (5) | 0.571 (8) |
H99C | 0.5242 | 0.5348 | 0.1633 | 0.108* | 0.571 (8) |
H99D | 0.6126 | 0.4700 | 0.1947 | 0.108* | 0.571 (8) |
O100 | 0.6310 (6) | −0.0810 (3) | 0.2290 (3) | 0.094 (2) | |
C101 | 0.6399 (8) | −0.1579 (4) | 0.2635 (4) | 0.091 (3) | |
H10A | 0.7157 | −0.1848 | 0.2467 | 0.109* | |
H10B | 0.5864 | −0.1879 | 0.2535 | 0.109* | |
C102 | 0.6167 (7) | −0.1553 (5) | 0.3389 (4) | 0.089 (3) | |
H10C | 0.6824 | −0.1788 | 0.3574 | 0.107* | |
H10D | 0.5536 | −0.1850 | 0.3647 | 0.107* | |
C103 | 0.5893 (10) | −0.0716 (5) | 0.3481 (4) | 0.130 (4) | |
H10E | 0.5153 | −0.0624 | 0.3808 | 0.156* | |
H10F | 0.6451 | −0.0544 | 0.3675 | 0.156* | |
C104 | 0.5895 (8) | −0.0291 (4) | 0.2784 (4) | 0.089 (3) | |
H10G | 0.5131 | −0.0058 | 0.2762 | 0.107* | |
H10H | 0.6363 | 0.0145 | 0.2680 | 0.107* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
Pd1 | 0.0153 (2) | 0.0337 (3) | 0.0231 (2) | −0.00019 (18) | −0.00609 (18) | −0.01090 (19) |
Pd2 | 0.0153 (2) | 0.0391 (3) | 0.0236 (2) | −0.00203 (19) | −0.00592 (18) | −0.0102 (2) |
Pd3 | 0.0175 (2) | 0.0314 (3) | 0.0243 (2) | −0.00120 (18) | −0.00655 (18) | −0.01135 (19) |
Pd4 | 0.0174 (2) | 0.0401 (3) | 0.0253 (3) | 0.00263 (19) | −0.00767 (19) | −0.0111 (2) |
Cl1 | 0.0238 (7) | 0.0553 (10) | 0.0362 (9) | −0.0054 (7) | −0.0060 (6) | −0.0261 (7) |
Cl2 | 0.0267 (8) | 0.0601 (11) | 0.0519 (10) | 0.0057 (7) | −0.0123 (7) | −0.0394 (8) |
Cl3 | 0.0186 (7) | 0.0640 (10) | 0.0220 (8) | −0.0036 (7) | −0.0059 (6) | −0.0136 (7) |
Cl4 | 0.0196 (8) | 0.1063 (14) | 0.0236 (8) | 0.0052 (8) | −0.0084 (6) | −0.0112 (9) |
C13 | 0.022 (3) | 0.035 (3) | 0.030 (3) | −0.003 (3) | −0.007 (3) | −0.006 (3) |
C14 | 0.023 (3) | 0.024 (3) | 0.031 (3) | −0.002 (2) | −0.008 (3) | −0.009 (3) |
P1 | 0.0143 (7) | 0.0337 (9) | 0.0235 (8) | −0.0005 (6) | −0.0064 (6) | −0.0081 (6) |
P2 | 0.0138 (7) | 0.0324 (9) | 0.0249 (8) | 0.0005 (6) | −0.0062 (6) | −0.0067 (6) |
P3 | 0.0185 (7) | 0.0271 (8) | 0.0217 (8) | −0.0038 (6) | −0.0051 (6) | −0.0060 (6) |
P4 | 0.0188 (7) | 0.0350 (9) | 0.0242 (8) | −0.0015 (6) | −0.0081 (6) | −0.0026 (7) |
C1 | 0.024 (3) | 0.028 (3) | 0.021 (3) | −0.007 (2) | −0.008 (2) | −0.004 (2) |
C2 | 0.022 (3) | 0.043 (4) | 0.024 (3) | 0.003 (3) | −0.008 (2) | −0.006 (3) |
C3 | 0.026 (3) | 0.059 (4) | 0.025 (3) | −0.011 (3) | −0.008 (3) | −0.006 (3) |
C4 | 0.027 (3) | 0.043 (4) | 0.020 (3) | −0.010 (3) | −0.006 (2) | −0.012 (3) |
C5 | 0.030 (3) | 0.050 (4) | 0.029 (4) | 0.006 (3) | −0.002 (3) | −0.017 (3) |
C6 | 0.025 (3) | 0.058 (4) | 0.020 (3) | −0.004 (3) | 0.004 (2) | −0.006 (3) |
C7 | 0.024 (3) | 0.047 (4) | 0.026 (3) | −0.008 (3) | −0.006 (3) | −0.005 (3) |
C8 | 0.016 (3) | 0.032 (3) | 0.023 (3) | 0.004 (2) | −0.005 (2) | −0.006 (2) |
C9 | 0.014 (3) | 0.030 (3) | 0.020 (3) | 0.000 (2) | −0.006 (2) | −0.005 (2) |
C10 | 0.031 (3) | 0.028 (3) | 0.034 (3) | 0.002 (3) | −0.011 (3) | −0.015 (3) |
C11 | 0.043 (4) | 0.031 (3) | 0.040 (4) | −0.005 (3) | −0.011 (3) | −0.010 (3) |
C12 | 0.030 (3) | 0.031 (3) | 0.028 (3) | 0.000 (3) | −0.008 (3) | 0.001 (3) |
C17 | 0.016 (3) | 0.029 (3) | 0.020 (3) | −0.004 (2) | −0.005 (2) | −0.001 (2) |
C18 | 0.028 (3) | 0.031 (3) | 0.023 (3) | −0.011 (3) | −0.004 (2) | 0.000 (2) |
C19 | 0.020 (3) | 0.025 (3) | 0.023 (3) | 0.007 (2) | −0.009 (2) | −0.003 (2) |
C20 | 0.021 (3) | 0.030 (3) | 0.032 (3) | 0.005 (2) | −0.009 (3) | −0.010 (3) |
C21 | 0.024 (3) | 0.052 (4) | 0.019 (3) | −0.014 (3) | −0.003 (2) | −0.006 (3) |
C22 | 0.048 (4) | 0.048 (4) | 0.037 (4) | −0.021 (3) | −0.009 (3) | −0.006 (3) |
C23 | 0.032 (4) | 0.080 (5) | 0.032 (4) | −0.022 (3) | −0.005 (3) | −0.014 (3) |
C25 | 0.021 (3) | 0.036 (3) | 0.028 (3) | 0.000 (2) | −0.007 (2) | −0.010 (3) |
C26 | 0.038 (4) | 0.036 (4) | 0.043 (4) | 0.008 (3) | −0.016 (3) | −0.007 (3) |
C27 | 0.024 (3) | 0.060 (4) | 0.040 (4) | 0.010 (3) | −0.008 (3) | −0.019 (3) |
C31 | 0.025 (3) | 0.038 (4) | 0.037 (4) | 0.008 (3) | −0.015 (3) | −0.012 (3) |
C32 | 0.049 (4) | 0.037 (4) | 0.056 (5) | 0.014 (3) | −0.015 (4) | −0.003 (3) |
C33 | 0.042 (4) | 0.053 (4) | 0.043 (4) | 0.022 (3) | −0.013 (3) | −0.021 (3) |
C35 | 0.033 (3) | 0.037 (4) | 0.029 (3) | −0.013 (3) | −0.001 (3) | −0.007 (3) |
C36 | 0.054 (4) | 0.036 (4) | 0.060 (5) | −0.010 (3) | −0.003 (4) | 0.008 (3) |
C37 | 0.054 (4) | 0.075 (5) | 0.048 (4) | −0.045 (4) | −0.002 (3) | −0.015 (4) |
C41 | 0.026 (3) | 0.038 (4) | 0.027 (3) | 0.002 (3) | −0.010 (3) | −0.008 (3) |
C42 | 0.038 (4) | 0.035 (4) | 0.056 (4) | 0.004 (3) | −0.023 (3) | −0.005 (3) |
C43 | 0.031 (4) | 0.076 (5) | 0.037 (4) | 0.022 (3) | −0.012 (3) | −0.018 (3) |
C45 | 0.022 (3) | 0.050 (4) | 0.028 (3) | −0.008 (3) | −0.004 (3) | 0.001 (3) |
C46 | 0.036 (4) | 0.054 (4) | 0.053 (4) | −0.016 (3) | 0.001 (3) | 0.012 (3) |
C47 | 0.026 (3) | 0.081 (5) | 0.045 (4) | −0.019 (3) | −0.008 (3) | 0.000 (4) |
C51 | 0.020 (3) | 0.035 (3) | 0.030 (3) | −0.005 (2) | 0.001 (2) | −0.004 (3) |
C52 | 0.045 (4) | 0.032 (4) | 0.063 (5) | −0.008 (3) | −0.016 (3) | 0.003 (3) |
C53 | 0.043 (4) | 0.043 (4) | 0.057 (4) | −0.013 (3) | −0.023 (3) | −0.010 (3) |
C55 | 0.028 (3) | 0.036 (4) | 0.037 (4) | 0.003 (3) | −0.018 (3) | −0.002 (3) |
C56 | 0.048 (4) | 0.034 (4) | 0.050 (4) | −0.003 (3) | −0.022 (3) | 0.004 (3) |
C57 | 0.053 (4) | 0.049 (4) | 0.048 (4) | 0.014 (3) | −0.015 (3) | −0.016 (3) |
C61 | 0.018 (3) | 0.023 (3) | 0.021 (3) | 0.001 (2) | −0.006 (2) | −0.004 (2) |
C62 | 0.031 (3) | 0.041 (4) | 0.028 (3) | −0.011 (3) | −0.003 (3) | −0.005 (3) |
C63 | 0.035 (4) | 0.052 (4) | 0.023 (3) | −0.002 (3) | −0.002 (3) | −0.012 (3) |
C64 | 0.034 (3) | 0.034 (3) | 0.030 (3) | 0.005 (3) | −0.011 (3) | −0.017 (3) |
C65 | 0.043 (4) | 0.050 (4) | 0.040 (4) | −0.010 (3) | −0.020 (3) | −0.019 (3) |
C66 | 0.031 (4) | 0.063 (5) | 0.043 (4) | −0.005 (3) | −0.020 (3) | −0.010 (3) |
C67 | 0.020 (3) | 0.048 (4) | 0.028 (3) | 0.000 (3) | −0.009 (3) | −0.007 (3) |
C68 | 0.021 (3) | 0.029 (3) | 0.026 (3) | −0.006 (2) | −0.009 (2) | −0.003 (2) |
C69 | 0.023 (3) | 0.022 (3) | 0.030 (3) | −0.005 (2) | −0.011 (2) | −0.004 (2) |
C70 | 0.040 (4) | 0.036 (4) | 0.040 (4) | −0.004 (3) | −0.018 (3) | −0.016 (3) |
C71 | 0.035 (4) | 0.029 (3) | 0.056 (4) | −0.011 (3) | −0.007 (3) | −0.009 (3) |
C72 | 0.033 (3) | 0.030 (3) | 0.038 (4) | −0.008 (3) | −0.012 (3) | 0.001 (3) |
C77 | 0.026 (3) | 0.018 (3) | 0.028 (3) | 0.002 (2) | −0.012 (2) | 0.000 (2) |
C78 | 0.026 (3) | 0.030 (3) | 0.024 (3) | −0.001 (2) | −0.011 (3) | −0.009 (2) |
C79 | 0.023 (3) | 0.034 (3) | 0.023 (3) | −0.012 (3) | −0.007 (2) | −0.004 (2) |
C80 | 0.029 (3) | 0.034 (3) | 0.040 (4) | −0.011 (3) | −0.013 (3) | −0.004 (3) |
O80 | 0.132 (5) | 0.070 (4) | 0.068 (4) | −0.040 (4) | −0.005 (4) | −0.001 (3) |
C81 | 0.107 (8) | 0.091 (8) | 0.086 (7) | −0.048 (6) | −0.003 (6) | −0.005 (6) |
C82 | 0.078 (6) | 0.053 (5) | 0.083 (6) | −0.003 (4) | 0.003 (5) | −0.025 (5) |
C83 | 0.055 (5) | 0.045 (5) | 0.078 (6) | −0.002 (4) | 0.016 (4) | −0.006 (4) |
C84 | 0.087 (6) | 0.076 (6) | 0.066 (6) | −0.035 (5) | 0.020 (5) | −0.030 (5) |
O85 | 0.192 (8) | 0.086 (5) | 0.080 (5) | 0.053 (5) | −0.016 (5) | 0.000 (4) |
C86 | 0.216 (13) | 0.072 (7) | 0.062 (6) | 0.029 (7) | −0.023 (7) | −0.030 (5) |
C87 | 0.125 (8) | 0.086 (7) | 0.050 (5) | 0.005 (6) | −0.023 (5) | −0.010 (5) |
C88 | 0.088 (7) | 0.067 (6) | 0.091 (7) | −0.003 (5) | −0.042 (6) | −0.008 (5) |
C89 | 0.124 (9) | 0.084 (7) | 0.081 (7) | 0.006 (6) | −0.035 (6) | −0.016 (6) |
O90 | 0.161 (9) | 0.121 (7) | 0.222 (11) | −0.004 (6) | −0.038 (8) | −0.003 (7) |
C91 | 0.090 (9) | 0.36 (2) | 0.109 (10) | 0.087 (11) | −0.025 (8) | −0.158 (13) |
C92 | 0.101 (9) | 0.169 (12) | 0.092 (8) | −0.061 (8) | 0.008 (7) | −0.032 (8) |
C93 | 0.072 (7) | 0.078 (6) | 0.125 (9) | −0.013 (5) | −0.036 (7) | −0.012 (6) |
C94 | 0.070 (8) | 0.192 (14) | 0.117 (10) | 0.002 (8) | 0.009 (7) | −0.018 (10) |
O95 | 0.079 (9) | 0.079 (8) | 0.098 (10) | 0.016 (7) | −0.055 (8) | −0.037 (7) |
C96 | 0.117 (15) | 0.074 (9) | 0.090 (15) | −0.010 (10) | −0.058 (12) | 0.003 (10) |
C97 | 0.142 (14) | 0.099 (11) | 0.117 (14) | 0.035 (11) | −0.096 (11) | −0.023 (11) |
C98 | 0.110 (16) | 0.103 (13) | 0.114 (16) | 0.025 (12) | −0.081 (12) | −0.026 (12) |
C99 | 0.093 (12) | 0.077 (10) | 0.052 (11) | 0.005 (9) | −0.049 (9) | −0.004 (8) |
O95B | 0.203 (14) | 0.092 (8) | 0.075 (7) | −0.028 (8) | 0.022 (8) | −0.010 (6) |
C96B | 0.162 (16) | 0.072 (8) | 0.075 (10) | −0.012 (10) | −0.027 (11) | −0.021 (7) |
C97B | 0.142 (14) | 0.100 (10) | 0.090 (11) | −0.063 (11) | 0.010 (10) | 0.001 (9) |
C98B | 0.124 (14) | 0.107 (10) | 0.079 (10) | 0.020 (11) | −0.007 (9) | −0.037 (9) |
C99B | 0.137 (13) | 0.071 (9) | 0.082 (10) | −0.040 (9) | −0.062 (9) | 0.017 (7) |
O100 | 0.168 (6) | 0.062 (4) | 0.072 (4) | −0.023 (4) | −0.059 (4) | −0.006 (3) |
C101 | 0.140 (9) | 0.049 (6) | 0.091 (7) | 0.003 (5) | −0.048 (6) | −0.015 (5) |
C102 | 0.105 (7) | 0.086 (7) | 0.071 (7) | −0.033 (6) | −0.020 (5) | 0.024 (5) |
C103 | 0.232 (14) | 0.077 (7) | 0.057 (7) | −0.033 (8) | 0.010 (7) | −0.004 (5) |
C104 | 0.128 (8) | 0.053 (5) | 0.086 (7) | 0.011 (5) | −0.037 (6) | −0.011 (5) |
Pd1—C13 | 2.014 (6) | C52—H52B | 0.9800 |
Pd1—P1 | 2.2393 (13) | C52—H52C | 0.9800 |
Pd1—Cl1 | 2.4360 (13) | C53—H53A | 0.9800 |
Pd1—Cl3 | 2.4767 (14) | C53—H53B | 0.9800 |
Pd1—Pd2 | 2.8110 (5) | C53—H53C | 0.9800 |
Pd2—C13 | 2.017 (5) | C55—C56 | 1.515 (7) |
Pd2—P2 | 2.2251 (14) | C55—C57 | 1.524 (7) |
Pd2—Cl1 | 2.4465 (14) | C55—H55 | 1.0000 |
Pd2—Cl4 | 2.4621 (14) | C56—H56A | 0.9800 |
Pd3—C14 | 2.004 (5) | C56—H56B | 0.9800 |
Pd3—P3 | 2.2380 (14) | C56—H56C | 0.9800 |
Pd3—Cl2 | 2.4284 (14) | C57—H57A | 0.9800 |
Pd3—Cl3 | 2.4807 (13) | C57—H57B | 0.9800 |
Pd3—Pd4 | 2.8109 (6) | C57—H57C | 0.9800 |
Pd4—C14 | 2.016 (5) | C61—C62 | 1.402 (7) |
Pd4—P4 | 2.2281 (14) | C61—C77 | 1.416 (7) |
Pd4—Cl2 | 2.4429 (14) | C62—C63 | 1.394 (7) |
Pd4—Cl4 | 2.4676 (15) | C62—H62 | 0.9500 |
C13—H13A | 0.96 (2) | C63—C64 | 1.386 (7) |
C13—H13B | 0.94 (2) | C63—H63 | 0.9500 |
C14—H14A | 0.95 (2) | C64—C78 | 1.374 (7) |
C14—H14B | 0.95 (2) | C64—H64 | 0.9500 |
P1—C21 | 1.847 (5) | C65—C66 | 1.387 (8) |
P1—C1 | 1.850 (5) | C65—C80 | 1.397 (7) |
P1—C31 | 1.856 (5) | C65—H65 | 0.9500 |
P2—C8 | 1.836 (5) | C66—C67 | 1.370 (7) |
P2—C51 | 1.854 (5) | C66—H66 | 0.9500 |
P2—C41 | 1.862 (5) | C67—C68 | 1.418 (7) |
P3—C25 | 1.848 (5) | C67—H67 | 0.9500 |
P3—C61 | 1.850 (5) | C68—C79 | 1.405 (7) |
P3—C35 | 1.854 (5) | C69—C79 | 1.536 (7) |
P4—C68 | 1.838 (5) | C69—C77 | 1.544 (7) |
P4—C45 | 1.857 (5) | C69—C72 | 1.562 (7) |
P4—C55 | 1.864 (5) | C69—H69 | 1.0000 |
C1—C2 | 1.400 (7) | C70—C80 | 1.500 (8) |
C1—C17 | 1.406 (7) | C70—C78 | 1.508 (7) |
C2—C3 | 1.381 (7) | C70—C71 | 1.541 (8) |
C2—H2 | 0.9500 | C70—H70 | 1.0000 |
C3—C4 | 1.379 (7) | C71—C72 | 1.544 (7) |
C3—H3 | 0.9500 | C71—H71A | 0.9900 |
C4—C18 | 1.382 (7) | C71—H71B | 0.9900 |
C4—H4 | 0.9500 | C72—H72A | 0.9900 |
C5—C20 | 1.389 (7) | C72—H72B | 0.9900 |
C5—C6 | 1.396 (8) | C77—C78 | 1.416 (7) |
C5—H5 | 0.9500 | C79—C80 | 1.408 (7) |
C6—C7 | 1.372 (7) | O80—C84 | 1.410 (7) |
C6—H6 | 0.9500 | O80—C81 | 1.419 (8) |
C7—C8 | 1.407 (7) | C81—C82 | 1.485 (8) |
C7—H7 | 0.9500 | C81—H81A | 0.9900 |
C8—C19 | 1.407 (7) | C81—H81B | 0.9900 |
C9—C17 | 1.545 (6) | C82—C83 | 1.509 (8) |
C9—C12 | 1.545 (7) | C82—H82A | 0.9900 |
C9—C19 | 1.549 (7) | C82—H82B | 0.9900 |
C9—H9 | 1.0000 | C83—C84 | 1.481 (8) |
C10—C20 | 1.501 (7) | C83—H83A | 0.9900 |
C10—C18 | 1.510 (7) | C83—H83B | 0.9900 |
C10—C11 | 1.550 (7) | C84—H84A | 0.9900 |
C10—H10 | 1.0000 | C84—H84B | 0.9900 |
C11—C12 | 1.546 (7) | O85—C86 | 1.396 (8) |
C11—H11A | 0.9900 | O85—C89 | 1.398 (8) |
C11—H11B | 0.9900 | C86—C87 | 1.493 (9) |
C12—H12A | 0.9900 | C86—H86A | 0.9900 |
C12—H12B | 0.9900 | C86—H86B | 0.9900 |
C17—C18 | 1.406 (7) | C87—C88 | 1.476 (8) |
C19—C20 | 1.409 (7) | C87—H87A | 0.9900 |
C21—C22 | 1.524 (8) | C87—H87B | 0.9900 |
C21—C23 | 1.531 (7) | C88—C89 | 1.466 (8) |
C21—H21 | 1.0000 | C88—H88A | 0.9900 |
C22—H22A | 0.9800 | C88—H88B | 0.9900 |
C22—H22B | 0.9800 | C89—H89A | 0.9900 |
C22—H22C | 0.9800 | C89—H89B | 0.9900 |
C23—H23A | 0.9800 | O90—C94 | 1.368 (9) |
C23—H23B | 0.9800 | O90—C91 | 1.392 (10) |
C23—H23C | 0.9800 | C91—C92 | 1.459 (11) |
C25—C26 | 1.524 (7) | C91—H91A | 0.9900 |
C25—C27 | 1.539 (7) | C91—H91B | 0.9900 |
C25—H25 | 1.0000 | C92—C93 | 1.488 (9) |
C26—H26A | 0.9800 | C92—H92A | 0.9900 |
C26—H26B | 0.9800 | C92—H92B | 0.9900 |
C26—H26C | 0.9800 | C93—C94 | 1.458 (10) |
C27—H27A | 0.9800 | C93—H93A | 0.9900 |
C27—H27B | 0.9800 | C93—H93B | 0.9900 |
C27—H27C | 0.9800 | C94—H94A | 0.9900 |
C31—C32 | 1.523 (8) | C94—H94B | 0.9900 |
C31—C33 | 1.541 (7) | O95—C96 | 1.386 (12) |
C31—H31 | 1.0000 | O95—C99 | 1.395 (12) |
C32—H32A | 0.9800 | C96—C97 | 1.457 (13) |
C32—H32B | 0.9800 | C96—H96A | 0.9900 |
C32—H32C | 0.9800 | C96—H96B | 0.9900 |
C33—H33A | 0.9800 | C97—C98 | 1.503 (14) |
C33—H33B | 0.9800 | C97—H97A | 0.9900 |
C33—H33C | 0.9800 | C97—H97B | 0.9900 |
C35—C37 | 1.517 (7) | C98—C99 | 1.442 (13) |
C35—C36 | 1.540 (8) | C98—H98A | 0.9900 |
C35—H35 | 1.0000 | C98—H98B | 0.9900 |
C36—H36A | 0.9800 | C99—H99A | 0.9900 |
C36—H36B | 0.9800 | C99—H99B | 0.9900 |
C36—H36C | 0.9800 | O95B—C99B | 1.369 (11) |
C37—H37A | 0.9800 | O95B—C96B | 1.400 (12) |
C37—H37B | 0.9800 | C96B—C97B | 1.462 (13) |
C37—H37C | 0.9800 | C96B—H96C | 0.9900 |
C41—C42 | 1.513 (7) | C96B—H96D | 0.9900 |
C41—C43 | 1.523 (7) | C97B—C98B | 1.481 (13) |
C41—H41 | 1.0000 | C97B—H97C | 0.9900 |
C42—H42A | 0.9800 | C97B—H97D | 0.9900 |
C42—H42B | 0.9800 | C98B—C99B | 1.469 (13) |
C42—H42C | 0.9800 | C98B—H98C | 0.9900 |
C43—H43A | 0.9800 | C98B—H98D | 0.9900 |
C43—H43B | 0.9800 | C99B—H99C | 0.9900 |
C43—H43C | 0.9800 | C99B—H99D | 0.9900 |
C45—C46 | 1.526 (8) | O100—C101 | 1.385 (7) |
C45—C47 | 1.533 (7) | O100—C104 | 1.386 (7) |
C45—H45 | 1.0000 | C101—C102 | 1.449 (8) |
C46—H46A | 0.9800 | C101—H10A | 0.9900 |
C46—H46B | 0.9800 | C101—H10B | 0.9900 |
C46—H46C | 0.9800 | C102—C103 | 1.463 (9) |
C47—H47A | 0.9800 | C102—H10C | 0.9900 |
C47—H47B | 0.9800 | C102—H10D | 0.9900 |
C47—H47C | 0.9800 | C103—C104 | 1.441 (8) |
C51—C53 | 1.532 (7) | C103—H10E | 0.9900 |
C51—C52 | 1.532 (7) | C103—H10F | 0.9900 |
C51—H51 | 1.0000 | C104—H10G | 0.9900 |
C52—H52A | 0.9800 | C104—H10H | 0.9900 |
C13—Pd1—P1 | 92.48 (16) | H47B—C47—H47C | 109.5 |
C13—Pd1—Cl1 | 83.25 (16) | C53—C51—C52 | 110.9 (5) |
P1—Pd1—Cl1 | 169.09 (5) | C53—C51—P2 | 109.8 (4) |
C13—Pd1—Cl3 | 171.59 (16) | C52—C51—P2 | 110.7 (4) |
P1—Pd1—Cl3 | 95.90 (5) | C53—C51—H51 | 108.4 |
Cl1—Pd1—Cl3 | 88.39 (5) | C52—C51—H51 | 108.4 |
C13—Pd1—Pd2 | 45.84 (15) | P2—C51—H51 | 108.4 |
P1—Pd1—Pd2 | 127.42 (4) | C51—C52—H52A | 109.5 |
Cl1—Pd1—Pd2 | 55.02 (3) | C51—C52—H52B | 109.5 |
Cl3—Pd1—Pd2 | 127.57 (3) | H52A—C52—H52B | 109.5 |
C13—Pd2—P2 | 92.22 (16) | C51—C52—H52C | 109.5 |
C13—Pd2—Cl1 | 82.90 (16) | H52A—C52—H52C | 109.5 |
P2—Pd2—Cl1 | 163.70 (6) | H52B—C52—H52C | 109.5 |
C13—Pd2—Cl4 | 171.82 (16) | C51—C53—H53A | 109.5 |
P2—Pd2—Cl4 | 95.20 (5) | C51—C53—H53B | 109.5 |
Cl1—Pd2—Cl4 | 90.85 (5) | H53A—C53—H53B | 109.5 |
C13—Pd2—Pd1 | 45.73 (16) | C51—C53—H53C | 109.5 |
P2—Pd2—Pd1 | 130.03 (4) | H53A—C53—H53C | 109.5 |
Cl1—Pd2—Pd1 | 54.67 (3) | H53B—C53—H53C | 109.5 |
Cl4—Pd2—Pd1 | 126.13 (4) | C56—C55—C57 | 111.5 (5) |
C14—Pd3—P3 | 92.96 (16) | C56—C55—P4 | 110.9 (4) |
C14—Pd3—Cl2 | 83.43 (15) | C57—C55—P4 | 109.9 (4) |
P3—Pd3—Cl2 | 168.52 (6) | C56—C55—H55 | 108.2 |
C14—Pd3—Cl3 | 171.08 (16) | C57—C55—H55 | 108.2 |
P3—Pd3—Cl3 | 95.94 (5) | P4—C55—H55 | 108.2 |
Cl2—Pd3—Cl3 | 87.73 (5) | C55—C56—H56A | 109.5 |
C14—Pd3—Pd4 | 45.81 (15) | C55—C56—H56B | 109.5 |
P3—Pd3—Pd4 | 128.42 (4) | H56A—C56—H56B | 109.5 |
Cl2—Pd3—Pd4 | 55.00 (3) | C55—C56—H56C | 109.5 |
Cl3—Pd3—Pd4 | 126.99 (3) | H56A—C56—H56C | 109.5 |
C14—Pd4—P4 | 93.15 (15) | H56B—C56—H56C | 109.5 |
C14—Pd4—Cl2 | 82.81 (15) | C55—C57—H57A | 109.5 |
P4—Pd4—Cl2 | 165.38 (6) | C55—C57—H57B | 109.5 |
C14—Pd4—Cl4 | 171.78 (15) | H57A—C57—H57B | 109.5 |
P4—Pd4—Cl4 | 94.75 (5) | C55—C57—H57C | 109.5 |
Cl2—Pd4—Cl4 | 90.06 (5) | H57A—C57—H57C | 109.5 |
C14—Pd4—Pd3 | 45.46 (15) | H57B—C57—H57C | 109.5 |
P4—Pd4—Pd3 | 130.09 (4) | C62—C61—C77 | 117.8 (5) |
Cl2—Pd4—Pd3 | 54.52 (3) | C62—C61—P3 | 115.2 (4) |
Cl4—Pd4—Pd3 | 126.60 (4) | C77—C61—P3 | 126.2 (4) |
Pd1—Cl1—Pd2 | 70.30 (4) | C63—C62—C61 | 122.9 (5) |
Pd3—Cl2—Pd4 | 70.48 (4) | C63—C62—H62 | 118.5 |
Pd1—Cl3—Pd3 | 105.30 (5) | C61—C62—H62 | 118.5 |
Pd2—Cl4—Pd4 | 106.56 (5) | C64—C63—C62 | 119.0 (5) |
Pd1—C13—Pd2 | 88.4 (2) | C64—C63—H63 | 120.5 |
Pd1—C13—H13A | 106 (3) | C62—C63—H63 | 120.5 |
Pd2—C13—H13A | 108 (3) | C78—C64—C63 | 119.1 (5) |
Pd1—C13—H13B | 121 (3) | C78—C64—H64 | 120.4 |
Pd2—C13—H13B | 121 (3) | C63—C64—H64 | 120.4 |
H13A—C13—H13B | 110 (4) | C66—C65—C80 | 118.6 (5) |
Pd3—C14—Pd4 | 88.7 (2) | C66—C65—H65 | 120.7 |
Pd3—C14—H14A | 120 (3) | C80—C65—H65 | 120.7 |
Pd4—C14—H14A | 116 (3) | C67—C66—C65 | 120.6 (5) |
Pd3—C14—H14B | 105 (3) | C67—C66—H66 | 119.7 |
Pd4—C14—H14B | 110 (3) | C65—C66—H66 | 119.7 |
H14A—C14—H14B | 114 (4) | C66—C67—C68 | 122.0 (5) |
C21—P1—C1 | 101.1 (2) | C66—C67—H67 | 119.0 |
C21—P1—C31 | 105.4 (3) | C68—C67—H67 | 119.0 |
C1—P1—C31 | 105.2 (2) | C79—C68—C67 | 117.6 (5) |
C21—P1—Pd1 | 110.04 (17) | C79—C68—P4 | 124.9 (4) |
C1—P1—Pd1 | 126.30 (17) | C67—C68—P4 | 116.7 (4) |
C31—P1—Pd1 | 107.06 (18) | C79—C69—C77 | 107.3 (4) |
C8—P2—C51 | 106.0 (2) | C79—C69—C72 | 107.9 (4) |
C8—P2—C41 | 101.1 (2) | C77—C69—C72 | 105.3 (4) |
C51—P2—C41 | 103.6 (2) | C79—C69—H69 | 112.0 |
C8—P2—Pd2 | 124.66 (17) | C77—C69—H69 | 112.0 |
C51—P2—Pd2 | 107.31 (18) | C72—C69—H69 | 112.0 |
C41—P2—Pd2 | 112.23 (17) | C80—C70—C78 | 105.5 (4) |
C25—P3—C61 | 101.7 (2) | C80—C70—C71 | 108.2 (5) |
C25—P3—C35 | 105.2 (2) | C78—C70—C71 | 108.1 (4) |
C61—P3—C35 | 104.6 (2) | C80—C70—H70 | 111.6 |
C25—P3—Pd3 | 109.80 (17) | C78—C70—H70 | 111.6 |
C61—P3—Pd3 | 126.43 (16) | C71—C70—H70 | 111.6 |
C35—P3—Pd3 | 107.38 (18) | C70—C71—C72 | 109.1 (4) |
C68—P4—C45 | 101.5 (2) | C70—C71—H71A | 109.9 |
C68—P4—C55 | 105.9 (2) | C72—C71—H71A | 109.9 |
C45—P4—C55 | 104.2 (3) | C70—C71—H71B | 109.9 |
C68—P4—Pd4 | 124.74 (17) | C72—C71—H71B | 109.9 |
C45—P4—Pd4 | 111.81 (18) | H71A—C71—H71B | 108.3 |
C55—P4—Pd4 | 106.91 (18) | C71—C72—C69 | 110.3 (4) |
C2—C1—C17 | 117.0 (5) | C71—C72—H72A | 109.6 |
C2—C1—P1 | 115.6 (4) | C69—C72—H72A | 109.6 |
C17—C1—P1 | 126.8 (4) | C71—C72—H72B | 109.6 |
C3—C2—C1 | 122.7 (5) | C69—C72—H72B | 109.6 |
C3—C2—H2 | 118.6 | H72A—C72—H72B | 108.1 |
C1—C2—H2 | 118.6 | C78—C77—C61 | 117.8 (5) |
C4—C3—C2 | 120.5 (5) | C78—C77—C69 | 111.9 (4) |
C4—C3—H3 | 119.8 | C61—C77—C69 | 130.3 (4) |
C2—C3—H3 | 119.8 | C64—C78—C77 | 123.1 (5) |
C3—C4—C18 | 117.9 (5) | C64—C78—C70 | 123.4 (5) |
C3—C4—H4 | 121.1 | C77—C78—C70 | 113.4 (5) |
C18—C4—H4 | 121.1 | C68—C79—C80 | 119.4 (5) |
C20—C5—C6 | 118.7 (5) | C68—C79—C69 | 130.0 (4) |
C20—C5—H5 | 120.6 | C80—C79—C69 | 110.6 (5) |
C6—C5—H5 | 120.6 | C65—C80—C79 | 121.4 (5) |
C7—C6—C5 | 119.4 (5) | C65—C80—C70 | 123.3 (5) |
C7—C6—H6 | 120.3 | C79—C80—C70 | 115.3 (5) |
C5—C6—H6 | 120.3 | C84—O80—C81 | 107.5 (6) |
C6—C7—C8 | 123.0 (5) | O80—C81—C82 | 108.9 (6) |
C6—C7—H7 | 118.5 | O80—C81—H81A | 109.9 |
C8—C7—H7 | 118.5 | C82—C81—H81A | 109.9 |
C19—C8—C7 | 117.6 (5) | O80—C81—H81B | 109.9 |
C19—C8—P2 | 124.7 (4) | C82—C81—H81B | 109.9 |
C7—C8—P2 | 116.7 (4) | H81A—C81—H81B | 108.3 |
C17—C9—C12 | 107.1 (4) | C81—C82—C83 | 101.9 (6) |
C17—C9—C19 | 105.5 (4) | C81—C82—H82A | 111.4 |
C12—C9—C19 | 107.9 (4) | C83—C82—H82A | 111.4 |
C17—C9—H9 | 112.0 | C81—C82—H82B | 111.4 |
C12—C9—H9 | 112.0 | C83—C82—H82B | 111.4 |
C19—C9—H9 | 112.0 | H82A—C82—H82B | 109.2 |
C20—C10—C18 | 105.0 (4) | C84—C83—C82 | 102.3 (6) |
C20—C10—C11 | 108.4 (4) | C84—C83—H83A | 111.3 |
C18—C10—C11 | 108.5 (4) | C82—C83—H83A | 111.3 |
C20—C10—H10 | 111.5 | C84—C83—H83B | 111.3 |
C18—C10—H10 | 111.5 | C82—C83—H83B | 111.3 |
C11—C10—H10 | 111.5 | H83A—C83—H83B | 109.2 |
C12—C11—C10 | 109.0 (4) | O80—C84—C83 | 107.8 (6) |
C12—C11—H11A | 109.9 | O80—C84—H84A | 110.1 |
C10—C11—H11A | 109.9 | C83—C84—H84A | 110.1 |
C12—C11—H11B | 109.9 | O80—C84—H84B | 110.1 |
C10—C11—H11B | 109.9 | C83—C84—H84B | 110.1 |
H11A—C11—H11B | 108.3 | H84A—C84—H84B | 108.5 |
C9—C12—C11 | 110.4 (4) | C86—O85—C89 | 108.4 (6) |
C9—C12—H12A | 109.6 | O85—C86—C87 | 107.0 (6) |
C11—C12—H12A | 109.6 | O85—C86—H86A | 110.3 |
C9—C12—H12B | 109.6 | C87—C86—H86A | 110.3 |
C11—C12—H12B | 109.6 | O85—C86—H86B | 110.3 |
H12A—C12—H12B | 108.1 | C87—C86—H86B | 110.3 |
C1—C17—C18 | 119.1 (4) | H86A—C86—H86B | 108.6 |
C1—C17—C9 | 129.5 (4) | C88—C87—C86 | 103.1 (6) |
C18—C17—C9 | 111.4 (4) | C88—C87—H87A | 111.1 |
C4—C18—C17 | 122.6 (5) | C86—C87—H87A | 111.1 |
C4—C18—C10 | 123.1 (5) | C88—C87—H87B | 111.1 |
C17—C18—C10 | 114.2 (4) | C86—C87—H87B | 111.1 |
C8—C19—C20 | 118.7 (5) | H87A—C87—H87B | 109.1 |
C8—C19—C9 | 129.7 (4) | C89—C88—C87 | 101.5 (6) |
C20—C19—C9 | 111.6 (4) | C89—C88—H88A | 111.5 |
C5—C20—C19 | 122.1 (5) | C87—C88—H88A | 111.5 |
C5—C20—C10 | 123.9 (5) | C89—C88—H88B | 111.5 |
C19—C20—C10 | 113.9 (5) | C87—C88—H88B | 111.5 |
C22—C21—C23 | 111.5 (5) | H88A—C88—H88B | 109.3 |
C22—C21—P1 | 109.1 (4) | O85—C89—C88 | 105.8 (6) |
C23—C21—P1 | 116.8 (4) | O85—C89—H89A | 110.6 |
C22—C21—H21 | 106.3 | C88—C89—H89A | 110.6 |
C23—C21—H21 | 106.3 | O85—C89—H89B | 110.6 |
P1—C21—H21 | 106.3 | C88—C89—H89B | 110.6 |
C21—C22—H22A | 109.5 | H89A—C89—H89B | 108.7 |
C21—C22—H22B | 109.5 | C94—O90—C91 | 106.6 (8) |
H22A—C22—H22B | 109.5 | O90—C91—C92 | 111.8 (8) |
C21—C22—H22C | 109.5 | O90—C91—H91A | 109.3 |
H22A—C22—H22C | 109.5 | C92—C91—H91A | 109.3 |
H22B—C22—H22C | 109.5 | O90—C91—H91B | 109.3 |
C21—C23—H23A | 109.5 | C92—C91—H91B | 109.3 |
C21—C23—H23B | 109.5 | H91A—C91—H91B | 107.9 |
H23A—C23—H23B | 109.5 | C91—C92—C93 | 102.1 (7) |
C21—C23—H23C | 109.5 | C91—C92—H92A | 111.3 |
H23A—C23—H23C | 109.5 | C93—C92—H92A | 111.3 |
H23B—C23—H23C | 109.5 | C91—C92—H92B | 111.3 |
C26—C25—C27 | 111.3 (5) | C93—C92—H92B | 111.3 |
C26—C25—P3 | 110.2 (4) | H92A—C92—H92B | 109.2 |
C27—C25—P3 | 116.7 (4) | C94—C93—C92 | 104.3 (7) |
C26—C25—H25 | 106.0 | C94—C93—H93A | 110.9 |
C27—C25—H25 | 106.0 | C92—C93—H93A | 110.9 |
P3—C25—H25 | 106.0 | C94—C93—H93B | 110.9 |
C25—C26—H26A | 109.5 | C92—C93—H93B | 110.9 |
C25—C26—H26B | 109.5 | H93A—C93—H93B | 108.9 |
H26A—C26—H26B | 109.5 | O90—C94—C93 | 110.4 (8) |
C25—C26—H26C | 109.5 | O90—C94—H94A | 109.6 |
H26A—C26—H26C | 109.5 | C93—C94—H94A | 109.6 |
H26B—C26—H26C | 109.5 | O90—C94—H94B | 109.6 |
C25—C27—H27A | 109.5 | C93—C94—H94B | 109.6 |
C25—C27—H27B | 109.5 | H94A—C94—H94B | 108.1 |
H27A—C27—H27B | 109.5 | C96—O95—C99 | 108.5 (11) |
C25—C27—H27C | 109.5 | O95—C96—C97 | 108.8 (12) |
H27A—C27—H27C | 109.5 | O95—C96—H96A | 109.9 |
H27B—C27—H27C | 109.5 | C97—C96—H96A | 109.9 |
C32—C31—C33 | 111.6 (5) | O95—C96—H96B | 109.9 |
C32—C31—P1 | 110.6 (4) | C97—C96—H96B | 109.9 |
C33—C31—P1 | 110.1 (4) | H96A—C96—H96B | 108.3 |
C32—C31—H31 | 108.2 | C96—C97—C98 | 103.2 (12) |
C33—C31—H31 | 108.2 | C96—C97—H97A | 111.1 |
P1—C31—H31 | 108.2 | C98—C97—H97A | 111.1 |
C31—C32—H32A | 109.5 | C96—C97—H97B | 111.1 |
C31—C32—H32B | 109.5 | C98—C97—H97B | 111.1 |
H32A—C32—H32B | 109.5 | H97A—C97—H97B | 109.1 |
C31—C32—H32C | 109.5 | C99—C98—C97 | 106.3 (11) |
H32A—C32—H32C | 109.5 | C99—C98—H98A | 110.5 |
H32B—C32—H32C | 109.5 | C97—C98—H98A | 110.5 |
C31—C33—H33A | 109.5 | C99—C98—H98B | 110.5 |
C31—C33—H33B | 109.5 | C97—C98—H98B | 110.5 |
H33A—C33—H33B | 109.5 | H98A—C98—H98B | 108.7 |
C31—C33—H33C | 109.5 | O95—C99—C98 | 108.6 (11) |
H33A—C33—H33C | 109.5 | O95—C99—H99A | 110.0 |
H33B—C33—H33C | 109.5 | C98—C99—H99A | 110.0 |
C37—C35—C36 | 111.8 (5) | O95—C99—H99B | 110.0 |
C37—C35—P3 | 110.0 (4) | C98—C99—H99B | 110.0 |
C36—C35—P3 | 110.2 (4) | H99A—C99—H99B | 108.4 |
C37—C35—H35 | 108.2 | C99B—O95B—C96B | 108.7 (10) |
C36—C35—H35 | 108.2 | O95B—C96B—C97B | 106.9 (10) |
P3—C35—H35 | 108.2 | O95B—C96B—H96C | 110.3 |
C35—C36—H36A | 109.5 | C97B—C96B—H96C | 110.3 |
C35—C36—H36B | 109.5 | O95B—C96B—H96D | 110.3 |
H36A—C36—H36B | 109.5 | C97B—C96B—H96D | 110.3 |
C35—C36—H36C | 109.5 | H96C—C96B—H96D | 108.6 |
H36A—C36—H36C | 109.5 | C96B—C97B—C98B | 105.2 (10) |
H36B—C36—H36C | 109.5 | C96B—C97B—H97C | 110.7 |
C35—C37—H37A | 109.5 | C98B—C97B—H97C | 110.7 |
C35—C37—H37B | 109.5 | C96B—C97B—H97D | 110.7 |
H37A—C37—H37B | 109.5 | C98B—C97B—H97D | 110.7 |
C35—C37—H37C | 109.5 | H97C—C97B—H97D | 108.8 |
H37A—C37—H37C | 109.5 | C99B—C98B—C97B | 103.5 (10) |
H37B—C37—H37C | 109.5 | C99B—C98B—H98C | 111.1 |
C42—C41—C43 | 110.8 (5) | C97B—C98B—H98C | 111.1 |
C42—C41—P2 | 110.6 (4) | C99B—C98B—H98D | 111.1 |
C43—C41—P2 | 115.4 (4) | C97B—C98B—H98D | 111.1 |
C42—C41—H41 | 106.5 | H98C—C98B—H98D | 109.0 |
C43—C41—H41 | 106.5 | O95B—C99B—C98B | 105.4 (11) |
P2—C41—H41 | 106.5 | O95B—C99B—H99C | 110.7 |
C41—C42—H42A | 109.5 | C98B—C99B—H99C | 110.7 |
C41—C42—H42B | 109.5 | O95B—C99B—H99D | 110.7 |
H42A—C42—H42B | 109.5 | C98B—C99B—H99D | 110.7 |
C41—C42—H42C | 109.5 | H99C—C99B—H99D | 108.8 |
H42A—C42—H42C | 109.5 | C101—O100—C104 | 109.5 (6) |
H42B—C42—H42C | 109.5 | O100—C101—C102 | 108.5 (6) |
C41—C43—H43A | 109.5 | O100—C101—H10A | 110.0 |
C41—C43—H43B | 109.5 | C102—C101—H10A | 110.0 |
H43A—C43—H43B | 109.5 | O100—C101—H10B | 110.0 |
C41—C43—H43C | 109.5 | C102—C101—H10B | 110.0 |
H43A—C43—H43C | 109.5 | H10A—C101—H10B | 108.4 |
H43B—C43—H43C | 109.5 | C101—C102—C103 | 106.3 (6) |
C46—C45—C47 | 110.6 (5) | C101—C102—H10C | 110.5 |
C46—C45—P4 | 110.1 (4) | C103—C102—H10C | 110.5 |
C47—C45—P4 | 115.7 (4) | C101—C102—H10D | 110.5 |
C46—C45—H45 | 106.6 | C103—C102—H10D | 110.5 |
C47—C45—H45 | 106.6 | H10C—C102—H10D | 108.7 |
P4—C45—H45 | 106.6 | C104—C103—C102 | 105.8 (6) |
C45—C46—H46A | 109.5 | C104—C103—H10E | 110.6 |
C45—C46—H46B | 109.5 | C102—C103—H10E | 110.6 |
H46A—C46—H46B | 109.5 | C104—C103—H10F | 110.6 |
C45—C46—H46C | 109.5 | C102—C103—H10F | 110.6 |
H46A—C46—H46C | 109.5 | H10E—C103—H10F | 108.7 |
H46B—C46—H46C | 109.5 | O100—C104—C103 | 108.9 (6) |
C45—C47—H47A | 109.5 | O100—C104—H10G | 109.9 |
C45—C47—H47B | 109.5 | C103—C104—H10G | 109.9 |
H47A—C47—H47B | 109.5 | O100—C104—H10H | 109.9 |
C45—C47—H47C | 109.5 | C103—C104—H10H | 109.9 |
H47A—C47—H47C | 109.5 | H10G—C104—H10H | 108.3 |
P1—Pd1—Pd2—C13 | −48.2 (2) | C11—C10—C18—C17 | −58.7 (6) |
Cl1—Pd1—Pd2—C13 | 118.6 (2) | C7—C8—C19—C20 | −7.6 (7) |
Cl3—Pd1—Pd2—C13 | 173.1 (2) | P2—C8—C19—C20 | 160.4 (4) |
C13—Pd1—Pd2—P2 | 41.6 (2) | C7—C8—C19—C9 | 172.3 (5) |
P1—Pd1—Pd2—P2 | −6.58 (8) | P2—C8—C19—C9 | −19.7 (8) |
Cl1—Pd1—Pd2—P2 | 160.23 (7) | C17—C9—C19—C8 | −124.8 (5) |
Cl3—Pd1—Pd2—P2 | −145.33 (7) | C12—C9—C19—C8 | 120.9 (5) |
C13—Pd1—Pd2—Cl1 | −118.6 (2) | C17—C9—C19—C20 | 55.1 (5) |
P1—Pd1—Pd2—Cl1 | −166.80 (7) | C12—C9—C19—C20 | −59.2 (5) |
Cl3—Pd1—Pd2—Cl1 | 54.44 (6) | C6—C5—C20—C19 | 1.6 (8) |
C13—Pd1—Pd2—Cl4 | −179.0 (2) | C6—C5—C20—C10 | −175.2 (5) |
P1—Pd1—Pd2—Cl4 | 132.84 (7) | C8—C19—C20—C5 | 4.9 (8) |
Cl1—Pd1—Pd2—Cl4 | −60.35 (7) | C9—C19—C20—C5 | −175.0 (5) |
Cl3—Pd1—Pd2—Cl4 | −5.91 (7) | C8—C19—C20—C10 | −178.0 (4) |
P3—Pd3—Pd4—C14 | −47.2 (2) | C9—C19—C20—C10 | 2.1 (6) |
Cl2—Pd3—Pd4—C14 | 119.1 (2) | C18—C10—C20—C5 | 118.9 (6) |
Cl3—Pd3—Pd4—C14 | 173.1 (2) | C11—C10—C20—C5 | −125.3 (6) |
C14—Pd3—Pd4—P4 | 43.3 (2) | C18—C10—C20—C19 | −58.1 (6) |
P3—Pd3—Pd4—P4 | −3.91 (8) | C11—C10—C20—C19 | 57.7 (6) |
Cl2—Pd3—Pd4—P4 | 162.40 (7) | C1—P1—C21—C22 | −66.9 (4) |
Cl3—Pd3—Pd4—P4 | −143.62 (7) | C31—P1—C21—C22 | −176.2 (4) |
C14—Pd3—Pd4—Cl2 | −119.1 (2) | Pd1—P1—C21—C22 | 68.7 (4) |
P3—Pd3—Pd4—Cl2 | −166.31 (7) | C1—P1—C21—C23 | 60.6 (5) |
Cl3—Pd3—Pd4—Cl2 | 53.98 (7) | C31—P1—C21—C23 | −48.7 (5) |
C14—Pd3—Pd4—Cl4 | −177.2 (2) | Pd1—P1—C21—C23 | −163.8 (4) |
P3—Pd3—Pd4—Cl4 | 135.55 (7) | C61—P3—C25—C26 | −67.4 (4) |
Cl2—Pd3—Pd4—Cl4 | −58.15 (8) | C35—P3—C25—C26 | −176.2 (4) |
Cl3—Pd3—Pd4—Cl4 | −4.16 (8) | Pd3—P3—C25—C26 | 68.6 (4) |
C13—Pd1—Cl1—Pd2 | 39.34 (16) | C61—P3—C25—C27 | 60.7 (4) |
P1—Pd1—Cl1—Pd2 | 106.8 (3) | C35—P3—C25—C27 | −48.1 (5) |
Cl3—Pd1—Cl1—Pd2 | −139.83 (5) | Pd3—P3—C25—C27 | −163.3 (4) |
C13—Pd2—Cl1—Pd1 | −39.29 (16) | C21—P1—C31—C32 | 175.1 (4) |
P2—Pd2—Cl1—Pd1 | −112.65 (17) | C1—P1—C31—C32 | 68.7 (4) |
Cl4—Pd2—Cl1—Pd1 | 135.41 (5) | Pd1—P1—C31—C32 | −67.8 (4) |
C14—Pd3—Cl2—Pd4 | 39.11 (16) | C21—P1—C31—C33 | −61.2 (4) |
P3—Pd3—Cl2—Pd4 | 111.3 (2) | C1—P1—C31—C33 | −167.5 (4) |
Cl3—Pd3—Cl2—Pd4 | −139.72 (5) | Pd1—P1—C31—C33 | 56.0 (4) |
C14—Pd4—Cl2—Pd3 | −38.89 (15) | C25—P3—C35—C37 | −65.2 (5) |
P4—Pd4—Cl2—Pd3 | −113.6 (2) | C61—P3—C35—C37 | −171.9 (4) |
Cl4—Pd4—Cl2—Pd3 | 137.01 (5) | Pd3—P3—C35—C37 | 51.7 (5) |
C13—Pd1—Cl3—Pd3 | 33.1 (12) | C25—P3—C35—C36 | 171.1 (4) |
P1—Pd1—Cl3—Pd3 | −151.36 (6) | C61—P3—C35—C36 | 64.4 (4) |
Cl1—Pd1—Cl3—Pd3 | 38.70 (6) | Pd3—P3—C35—C36 | −72.0 (4) |
Pd2—Pd1—Cl3—Pd3 | −3.13 (7) | C8—P2—C41—C42 | 67.7 (4) |
C14—Pd3—Cl3—Pd1 | 41.5 (10) | C51—P2—C41—C42 | 177.3 (4) |
P3—Pd3—Cl3—Pd1 | −141.93 (6) | Pd2—P2—C41—C42 | −67.2 (4) |
Cl2—Pd3—Cl3—Pd1 | 48.98 (6) | C8—P2—C41—C43 | −59.1 (5) |
Pd4—Pd3—Cl3—Pd1 | 7.45 (7) | C51—P2—C41—C43 | 50.6 (5) |
C13—Pd2—Cl4—Pd4 | 3.9 (12) | Pd2—P2—C41—C43 | 166.0 (4) |
P2—Pd2—Cl4—Pd4 | 158.94 (7) | C68—P4—C45—C46 | 68.6 (4) |
Cl1—Pd2—Cl4—Pd4 | −36.21 (7) | C55—P4—C45—C46 | 178.4 (4) |
Pd1—Pd2—Cl4—Pd4 | 8.95 (9) | Pd4—P4—C45—C46 | −66.4 (4) |
C14—Pd4—Cl4—Pd2 | −18.7 (11) | C68—P4—C45—C47 | −57.7 (5) |
P4—Pd4—Cl4—Pd2 | 145.37 (7) | C55—P4—C45—C47 | 52.2 (5) |
Cl2—Pd4—Cl4—Pd2 | −48.46 (7) | Pd4—P4—C45—C47 | 167.3 (4) |
Pd3—Pd4—Cl4—Pd2 | −4.70 (9) | C8—P2—C51—C53 | 172.1 (4) |
P1—Pd1—C13—Pd2 | 143.68 (16) | C41—P2—C51—C53 | 66.1 (4) |
Cl1—Pd1—C13—Pd2 | −46.40 (15) | Pd2—P2—C51—C53 | −52.8 (4) |
Cl3—Pd1—C13—Pd2 | −40.7 (13) | C8—P2—C51—C52 | −65.1 (4) |
P2—Pd2—C13—Pd1 | −149.43 (16) | C41—P2—C51—C52 | −171.1 (4) |
Cl1—Pd2—C13—Pd1 | 46.18 (15) | Pd2—P2—C51—C52 | 70.0 (4) |
Cl4—Pd2—C13—Pd1 | 5.7 (13) | C68—P4—C55—C56 | −67.6 (4) |
P3—Pd3—C14—Pd4 | 144.83 (15) | C45—P4—C55—C56 | −174.2 (4) |
Cl2—Pd3—C14—Pd4 | −46.11 (14) | Pd4—P4—C55—C56 | 67.2 (4) |
Cl3—Pd3—C14—Pd4 | −38.6 (11) | C68—P4—C55—C57 | 168.6 (4) |
P4—Pd4—C14—Pd3 | −148.28 (15) | C45—P4—C55—C57 | 62.1 (5) |
Cl2—Pd4—C14—Pd3 | 45.84 (14) | Pd4—P4—C55—C57 | −56.5 (4) |
Cl4—Pd4—C14—Pd3 | 15.8 (12) | C25—P3—C61—C62 | −73.1 (4) |
C13—Pd1—P1—C21 | −158.8 (3) | C35—P3—C61—C62 | 36.1 (5) |
Cl1—Pd1—P1—C21 | 134.6 (3) | Pd3—P3—C61—C62 | 161.2 (3) |
Cl3—Pd1—P1—C21 | 21.9 (2) | C25—P3—C61—C77 | 96.6 (5) |
Pd2—Pd1—P1—C21 | −126.45 (19) | C35—P3—C61—C77 | −154.1 (4) |
C13—Pd1—P1—C1 | −37.3 (3) | Pd3—P3—C61—C77 | −29.0 (5) |
Cl1—Pd1—P1—C1 | −103.9 (3) | C77—C61—C62—C63 | −2.5 (8) |
Cl3—Pd1—P1—C1 | 143.3 (2) | P3—C61—C62—C63 | 168.2 (5) |
Pd2—Pd1—P1—C1 | −5.0 (2) | C61—C62—C63—C64 | −0.5 (9) |
C13—Pd1—P1—C31 | 87.2 (2) | C62—C63—C64—C78 | 2.2 (8) |
Cl1—Pd1—P1—C31 | 20.6 (3) | C80—C65—C66—C67 | −4.3 (9) |
Cl3—Pd1—P1—C31 | −92.19 (19) | C65—C66—C67—C68 | 2.3 (9) |
Pd2—Pd1—P1—C31 | 119.51 (19) | C66—C67—C68—C79 | 3.4 (8) |
C13—Pd2—P2—C8 | 37.3 (3) | C66—C67—C68—P4 | −166.7 (5) |
Cl1—Pd2—P2—C8 | 109.4 (3) | C45—P4—C68—C79 | −90.5 (5) |
Cl4—Pd2—P2—C8 | −139.2 (2) | C55—P4—C68—C79 | 160.9 (4) |
Pd1—Pd2—P2—C8 | 8.9 (2) | Pd4—P4—C68—C79 | 36.5 (5) |
C13—Pd2—P2—C51 | −87.2 (2) | C45—P4—C68—C67 | 78.7 (4) |
Cl1—Pd2—P2—C51 | −15.1 (3) | C55—P4—C68—C67 | −29.8 (5) |
Cl4—Pd2—P2—C51 | 96.27 (18) | Pd4—P4—C68—C67 | −154.2 (3) |
Pd1—Pd2—P2—C51 | −115.58 (18) | C80—C70—C71—C72 | −58.2 (6) |
C13—Pd2—P2—C41 | 159.7 (2) | C78—C70—C71—C72 | 55.6 (6) |
Cl1—Pd2—P2—C41 | −128.2 (2) | C70—C71—C72—C69 | 3.4 (6) |
Cl4—Pd2—P2—C41 | −16.86 (19) | C79—C69—C72—C71 | 54.6 (6) |
Pd1—Pd2—P2—C41 | 131.30 (19) | C77—C69—C72—C71 | −59.8 (5) |
C14—Pd3—P3—C25 | −158.6 (2) | C62—C61—C77—C78 | 3.6 (7) |
Cl2—Pd3—P3—C25 | 130.1 (3) | P3—C61—C77—C78 | −165.9 (4) |
Cl3—Pd3—P3—C25 | 21.90 (18) | C62—C61—C77—C69 | −176.4 (5) |
Pd4—Pd3—P3—C25 | −126.81 (18) | P3—C61—C77—C69 | 14.1 (8) |
C14—Pd3—P3—C61 | −36.4 (3) | C79—C69—C77—C78 | −55.4 (5) |
Cl2—Pd3—P3—C61 | −107.7 (3) | C72—C69—C77—C78 | 59.4 (5) |
Cl3—Pd3—P3—C61 | 144.1 (2) | C79—C69—C77—C61 | 124.6 (5) |
Pd4—Pd3—P3—C61 | −4.6 (2) | C72—C69—C77—C61 | −120.6 (5) |
C14—Pd3—P3—C35 | 87.5 (2) | C63—C64—C78—C77 | −1.0 (8) |
Cl2—Pd3—P3—C35 | 16.2 (3) | C63—C64—C78—C70 | 177.0 (5) |
Cl3—Pd3—P3—C35 | −91.94 (19) | C61—C77—C78—C64 | −2.0 (8) |
Pd4—Pd3—P3—C35 | 119.34 (18) | C69—C77—C78—C64 | 178.0 (5) |
C14—Pd4—P4—C68 | 34.1 (3) | C61—C77—C78—C70 | 179.8 (4) |
Cl2—Pd4—P4—C68 | 107.5 (3) | C69—C77—C78—C70 | −0.2 (6) |
Cl4—Pd4—P4—C68 | −143.6 (2) | C80—C70—C78—C64 | −122.2 (6) |
Pd3—Pd4—P4—C68 | 4.8 (2) | C71—C70—C78—C64 | 122.2 (6) |
C14—Pd4—P4—C45 | 156.7 (3) | C80—C70—C78—C77 | 56.0 (6) |
Cl2—Pd4—P4—C45 | −129.9 (3) | C71—C70—C78—C77 | −59.6 (6) |
Cl4—Pd4—P4—C45 | −21.0 (2) | C67—C68—C79—C80 | −6.9 (7) |
Pd3—Pd4—P4—C45 | 127.4 (2) | P4—C68—C79—C80 | 162.2 (4) |
C14—Pd4—P4—C55 | −89.8 (2) | C67—C68—C79—C69 | 172.2 (5) |
Cl2—Pd4—P4—C55 | −16.4 (3) | P4—C68—C79—C69 | −18.6 (8) |
Cl4—Pd4—P4—C55 | 92.41 (19) | C77—C69—C79—C68 | −126.1 (6) |
Pd3—Pd4—P4—C55 | −119.16 (19) | C72—C69—C79—C68 | 120.9 (6) |
C21—P1—C1—C2 | −75.0 (4) | C77—C69—C79—C80 | 53.1 (5) |
C31—P1—C1—C2 | 34.5 (5) | C72—C69—C79—C80 | −59.9 (6) |
Pd1—P1—C1—C2 | 159.7 (3) | C66—C65—C80—C79 | 0.5 (9) |
C21—P1—C1—C17 | 95.5 (5) | C66—C65—C80—C70 | −177.1 (5) |
C31—P1—C1—C17 | −155.0 (5) | C68—C79—C80—C65 | 5.2 (8) |
Pd1—P1—C1—C17 | −29.8 (5) | C69—C79—C80—C65 | −174.2 (5) |
C17—C1—C2—C3 | −4.0 (8) | C68—C79—C80—C70 | −177.0 (5) |
P1—C1—C2—C3 | 167.4 (4) | C69—C79—C80—C70 | 3.6 (7) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | −0.5 (9) | C78—C70—C80—C65 | 119.0 (6) |
C2—C3—C4—C18 | 3.5 (8) | C71—C70—C80—C65 | −125.5 (6) |
C20—C5—C6—C7 | −5.1 (8) | C78—C70—C80—C79 | −58.8 (6) |
C5—C6—C7—C8 | 2.2 (9) | C71—C70—C80—C79 | 56.7 (6) |
C6—C7—C8—C19 | 4.2 (8) | C84—O80—C81—C82 | 5.0 (9) |
C6—C7—C8—P2 | −164.8 (4) | O80—C81—C82—C83 | −24.0 (9) |
C51—P2—C8—C19 | 160.6 (4) | C81—C82—C83—C84 | 32.6 (8) |
C41—P2—C8—C19 | −91.7 (5) | C81—O80—C84—C83 | 16.9 (9) |
Pd2—P2—C8—C19 | 35.5 (5) | C82—C83—C84—O80 | −31.4 (8) |
C51—P2—C8—C7 | −31.3 (5) | C89—O85—C86—C87 | −4.0 (12) |
C41—P2—C8—C7 | 76.4 (4) | O85—C86—C87—C88 | −19.3 (11) |
Pd2—P2—C8—C7 | −156.4 (3) | C86—C87—C88—C89 | 33.6 (10) |
C20—C10—C11—C12 | −58.4 (6) | C86—O85—C89—C88 | 26.2 (11) |
C18—C10—C11—C12 | 55.2 (6) | C87—C88—C89—O85 | −37.3 (9) |
C17—C9—C12—C11 | −58.4 (5) | C94—O90—C91—C92 | 2.7 (16) |
C19—C9—C12—C11 | 54.8 (5) | O90—C91—C92—C93 | −15.2 (15) |
C10—C11—C12—C9 | 2.3 (6) | C91—C92—C93—C94 | 20.8 (12) |
C2—C1—C17—C18 | 5.4 (7) | C91—O90—C94—C93 | 11.8 (14) |
P1—C1—C17—C18 | −165.0 (4) | C92—C93—C94—O90 | −21.1 (13) |
C2—C1—C17—C9 | −174.2 (5) | C99—O95—C96—C97 | 22 (4) |
P1—C1—C17—C9 | 15.4 (8) | O95—C96—C97—C98 | −20 (4) |
C12—C9—C17—C1 | −121.6 (6) | C96—C97—C98—C99 | 11 (4) |
C19—C9—C17—C1 | 123.6 (5) | C96—O95—C99—C98 | −15 (3) |
C12—C9—C17—C18 | 58.7 (5) | C97—C98—C99—O95 | 2 (4) |
C19—C9—C17—C18 | −56.0 (5) | C99B—O95B—C96B—C97B | −21 (3) |
C3—C4—C18—C17 | −2.0 (8) | O95B—C96B—C97B—C98B | 1 (3) |
C3—C4—C18—C10 | 174.8 (5) | C96B—C97B—C98B—C99B | 17 (3) |
C1—C17—C18—C4 | −2.5 (8) | C96B—O95B—C99B—C98B | 32 (2) |
C9—C17—C18—C4 | 177.2 (5) | C97B—C98B—C99B—O95B | −30 (3) |
C1—C17—C18—C10 | −179.6 (4) | C104—O100—C101—C102 | −7.5 (10) |
C9—C17—C18—C10 | 0.1 (6) | O100—C101—C102—C103 | 1.9 (11) |
C20—C10—C18—C4 | −120.0 (5) | C101—C102—C103—C104 | 4.1 (12) |
C11—C10—C18—C4 | 124.3 (5) | C101—O100—C104—C103 | 10.3 (11) |
C20—C10—C18—C17 | 57.1 (6) | C102—C103—C104—O100 | −8.7 (12) |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | [Pd4(CH2)2Cl4(C28H40P2)2]·5C4H8O |
Mr | 1833.05 |
Crystal system, space group | Triclinic, P1 |
Temperature (K) | 200 |
a, b, c (Å) | 12.5799 (1), 17.2830 (3), 19.7558 (2) |
α, β, γ (°) | 79.877 (1), 74.703 (1), 80.717 (1) |
V (Å3) | 4048.61 (9) |
Z | 2 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 1.13 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.18 × 0.18 × 0.06 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Bruker SMART CCD diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2008a) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.822, 0.935 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 36611, 15292, 9483 |
Rint | 0.056 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.610 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.047, 0.106, 1.01 |
No. of reflections | 15292 |
No. of parameters | 915 |
No. of restraints | 434 |
H-atom treatment | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.82, −0.73 |
Computer programs: SMART (Siemens, 1996), SAINT (Siemens, 1996), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008b).
References
Brownie, J. H., Baird, M. C., Zakharov, L. N. & Rheingold, A. L. (2003). Organometallics, 22, 33–41. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Grossman, O., Azerraf, C. & Gelman, D. (2006). Organometallics, 25, 375–381. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Klopfenstein, S. R., Kluwe, C., Kirschbaum, K. & Davies, J. A. (1996). Can. J. Chem. 74, 2331–2339. CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
Sachse, A., John, M. & Meyer, F. (2010). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 49, 1986–1989. Web of Science CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Schnetz, T., Röder, M., Rominger, F. & Hofmann, P. (2008). Dalton Trans. pp. 2238–2240. Web of Science CSD CrossRef Google Scholar
Sheldrick, G. M. (2008a). SADABS. University of Göttingen, Germany. Google Scholar
Sheldrick, G. M. (2008b). Acta Cryst. A64, 112–122. Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Siemens (1996). SMART and SAINT. Siemens Analytical X-ray Instruments Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Google Scholar
Warth, D. C. M. (1999). Diploma Thesis, Heidelberg University, Germany. Google Scholar
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The tetranuclear complex can be considered as composed of two LPd2 units, bridged by two µ-chloro units. The structural motif of these LPd2 units with two twofold bridged metal centers between the phosphorus atoms of the chelating ligand is known in our group (Warth, 1999) and others (Grossman et al., 2006). The anthraceno-based bis-phosphine ligand family shows a remarkable flexibility with respect to the P—P distances. Distances from 3.7 Å to 5.9 Å were found in the course of our investigations (5.607 (2) and 5.638 (2) in the title compound). This results in an excellent stabilization of different coordination numbers (2-6), geometries (trigonal-planar, cis- and trans-square planar, e,a- and e,e-trigonal-bipyramidal, octahedral) as well as dinuclear species. The coordination environment around each palladium center is essentially square planar, and we do not assume a Pd—Pd bond (Pd—Pd distance 2.8110 (5) Å resp. 2.8109 (6) Å). Structures with a bridging methylene group between palladium centers are very rare (Brownie et al., 2003; Klopfenstein et al., 1996; Sachse et al., 2010). The palladium-carbon distances in the title compound (Pd—C 2.004 (5) Å to 2.017 (5) Å) are in good agreement with the values previously found, the Pd—C—Pd angles however (Pd—C—Pd 88.4 (2)° and 88.7 (2)°) are controlled by the otherwise determined Pd—Pd distance. In the hitherto known cases the angles spread over a wide range from 84.8 (2)° (Brownie et al., 2003) to 109.4 (5)° (Sachse et al., 2010).