metal-organic compounds
Redetermination of di-μ-hydrido-hexahydridotetrakis(tetrahydrofuran)dialuminium(III)magnesium(II)
aDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, and bDepartment of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
*Correspondence e-mail: zhao.199@osu.edu
The structure of the title compound, [Mg(AlH4)2(C4H8O)4], has been redetermined at 150 K. The MgII ion is hexacoordinated to four tetrahydrofuran (THF) ligands, and two AlH4− anions through bridging H atoms. The Al—H distances are more precise compared to those previously determined [Nöth et al. (1995). Chem. Ber. 128, 999–1006; Fichtner & Fuhr (2002). J. Alloys Compd, 345, 386–396]. The molecule has twofold rotation symmetry.
Related literature
For the synthesis of Mg(AlH4)2·4THF, see: Ashby et al. (1970); Shen & Che (1991); Nöth et al. (1995). For the synthesis of AlH4MgBH4, see: Ashby & Goel (1977). For previous determinations of the of Mg(AlH4)2·4THF, see: Noth et al. (1995); Fichtner & Fuhr (2002). For the thermal decomposition properties of Mg(AlH4)2·4THF, see: Dilts & Ashby (1972). For other alanate structures, see: Sklar & Post (1967); Lauher et al. (1979); Fichtner & Fuhr (2002); Fichtner et al. (2004).
Experimental
Crystal data
|
Data collection: COLLECT (Nonius, 1998); cell SCALEPACK (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997); data reduction: DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor 1997) and SCALEPACK; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL.
Supporting information
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536810014200/ci5044sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536810014200/ci5044Isup2.hkl
All the manipulations were carried out in high vacuum lines and an Ar filled
to avoid the compounds reacting with oxygen and moisture. Solvents were dried by vacuum distillation from sodium benzophenone ketyl. Precursor ClMgBH4 was synthesized by ball milling MgCl2 and Mg(BH4)2 in 1:1 mole ratio in a high energy ball mill for 1 h. AlH4MgBH4 was prepared by the procedure reported by Ashby & Goel (1977). In a typical procedure, a clear solution of NaAlH4 in THF was added to a solution of ClMgBH4 in THF with rapid stirring for 60 min at room temperature. After completion of reaction, NaCl was filtered out from the solution and the solvent was removed from the filtrate under dynamic vacuum. The obtained AlH4MgBH4.THF powder was dissolved in benzene, filtered, concentrated, and aged for 2 days. AlH4MgBH4.THF slowly disproportionated to give colourless crystals of (I).H atoms bonded to aluminium atoms were located and refined isotropically. The range of refined Al–H distances is 1.50 (2)–1.573 (18) Å. The remaining H atoms were placed in calculated positions [C–H = 0.99 Å] and refined using a rigid model with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C).
Mg(AlH4)2.4THF, (I), is a starting material for the synthesis of Mg(AlH4)2 which is an interesting candidate for hydrogen storage applications because of its high theoretical hydrogen storage capacity. Ashby et al. (1970) reported the synthesis of (I) by the metathesis reaction between NaAlH4 and MgCl2. Noth et al. (1995) and recently Fichtner & Fuhr (2002) reported the
of (I), but neither of the groups obtained high quality single crystal X-ray diffraction data. In the present work good quality single crystals were obtained from reaction between NaAlH4 and ClMgBH4 where the product, AlH4MgBH4.THF disproportionated to form (I). The was determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction and compared with the previously reported data.In general, the present
determination confirms the previous results. As previously described by Noth et al. (1995) and Fichtner & Fuhr (2002), the structure of (I) consists of discrete octahedral building blocks where four THF molecules and two tetrahedral AlH4– units are connected to a Mg central atom. Fichtner & Fuhr (2002) reported only lattice parameters without coordinates of the atoms. Noth et al. (1995) reported the Al—H(t) and Al—H(b) bond lengths as 1.214 and 1.528 Å, respectively, which are shorter than expected. Moreover, the structure was only refined to a final R value of 0.065. We have redetermined this at 150 K, with a final R value of 0.040 to obtain more precise data. In the present work, the Al—H(t) and Al—H(b) bond lengths were found to be 1.524 and 1.573 Å, respectively, which are close to the Al—H bond distance in other alanates. Al—H distances reported in other alanates with AlH4– tetrahedral are 1.547 Å (at 8 K) for LiAlH4 (Sklar & Post, 1967), 1.532 Å (at 296 K) for NaAlH4 (Lauher et al., 1979), 1.55 Å (at 200 K) for Mg(AlH4)2.Et2O (Fichtner & Fuhr, 2002) and 1.65 Å (at 230 K) for Ca(AlH4)2.4THF (Fichtner et al., 2004).For the synthesis of Mg(AlH4)2.4THF, see: Ashby et al. (1970); Shen et al. (1991); Noth et al. (1995). For the synthesis of AlH4.MgBH4, see: Ashby & Goel (1977). For the crystal structue of Mg(AlH4)2.4THF, see: Noth et al. (1995); Fichtner & Fuhr (2002). For the thermal decomposition properties of Mg(AlH4)2.4THF, see: Dilts & Ashby (1972). For other alanate structures, see: Sklar & Post (1967); Lauher et al. (1979); Fichtner & Fuhr (2002); Fichtner et al. (2004).
Data collection: COLLECT (Nonius, 1998); cell
SCALEPACK (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997); data reduction: DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor 1997) and SCALEPACK; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).[Al2MgH8(C4H8O)4] | F(000) = 824 |
Mr = 374.75 | Dx = 1.063 Mg m−3 |
Orthorhombic, Pcnb | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: -P 2b 2ac | Cell parameters from 2687 reflections |
a = 10.161 (2) Å | θ = 2.4–27.5° |
b = 14.027 (3) Å | µ = 0.16 mm−1 |
c = 16.429 (3) Å | T = 150 K |
V = 2341.6 (8) Å3 | Cube, colourless |
Z = 4 | 0.38 × 0.31 × 0.19 mm |
Nonius Kappa CCD diffractometer | 2687 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 1973 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.017 |
φ and ω scans | θmax = 27.5°, θmin = 2.4° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SCALEPACK; Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) | h = −13→13 |
Tmin = 0.940, Tmax = 0.969 | k = −18→18 |
5018 measured reflections | l = −21→21 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.041 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.119 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 1.07 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0615P)2 + 0.6568P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
2687 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
122 parameters | Δρmax = 0.30 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.30 e Å−3 |
[Al2MgH8(C4H8O)4] | V = 2341.6 (8) Å3 |
Mr = 374.75 | Z = 4 |
Orthorhombic, Pcnb | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 10.161 (2) Å | µ = 0.16 mm−1 |
b = 14.027 (3) Å | T = 150 K |
c = 16.429 (3) Å | 0.38 × 0.31 × 0.19 mm |
Nonius Kappa CCD diffractometer | 2687 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SCALEPACK; Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) | 1973 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.940, Tmax = 0.969 | Rint = 0.017 |
5018 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.041 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.119 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 1.07 | Δρmax = 0.30 e Å−3 |
2687 reflections | Δρmin = −0.30 e Å−3 |
122 parameters |
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
Al1 | 0.22387 (5) | 0.44321 (4) | 0.13620 (3) | 0.03294 (17) | |
Mg1 | 0.0000 | 0.2500 | 0.13728 (4) | 0.02116 (19) | |
O1 | 0.16625 (10) | 0.16699 (8) | 0.13767 (6) | 0.0298 (3) | |
O3 | 0.0000 | 0.2500 | 0.01068 (8) | 0.0269 (3) | |
O2 | 0.0000 | 0.2500 | 0.26391 (8) | 0.0270 (3) | |
C8 | −0.06993 (19) | 0.23112 (14) | −0.12525 (9) | 0.0429 (5) | |
H8A | −0.1341 | 0.2828 | −0.1356 | 0.052* | |
H8B | −0.0815 | 0.1806 | −0.1667 | 0.052* | |
C4 | 0.27768 (17) | 0.17950 (14) | 0.19205 (12) | 0.0439 (5) | |
H4A | 0.2588 | 0.1515 | 0.2461 | 0.053* | |
H4B | 0.2982 | 0.2480 | 0.1991 | 0.053* | |
C5 | 0.02463 (19) | 0.33286 (12) | 0.31515 (9) | 0.0370 (4) | |
H5A | −0.0285 | 0.3880 | 0.2967 | 0.044* | |
H5B | 0.1189 | 0.3507 | 0.3136 | 0.044* | |
C7 | −0.08466 (18) | 0.19178 (13) | −0.04047 (9) | 0.0382 (4) | |
H7A | −0.1773 | 0.1962 | −0.0222 | 0.046* | |
H7B | −0.0570 | 0.1242 | −0.0386 | 0.046* | |
C6 | −0.0151 (2) | 0.30305 (13) | 0.39968 (10) | 0.0445 (5) | |
H6A | −0.1098 | 0.3151 | 0.4094 | 0.053* | |
H6B | 0.0373 | 0.3370 | 0.4415 | 0.053* | |
C2 | 0.3257 (2) | 0.05289 (16) | 0.10336 (13) | 0.0573 (6) | |
H2A | 0.3781 | 0.0396 | 0.0538 | 0.069* | |
H2B | 0.3177 | −0.0066 | 0.1354 | 0.069* | |
C3 | 0.3878 (2) | 0.1296 (2) | 0.15261 (16) | 0.0763 (8) | |
H3A | 0.4480 | 0.1022 | 0.1938 | 0.092* | |
H3B | 0.4382 | 0.1737 | 0.1174 | 0.092* | |
C1 | 0.1945 (2) | 0.09039 (16) | 0.08170 (14) | 0.0587 (6) | |
H1A | 0.1945 | 0.1143 | 0.0250 | 0.070* | |
H1B | 0.1272 | 0.0396 | 0.0865 | 0.070* | |
H1 | 0.1142 (17) | 0.3641 (12) | 0.1382 (9) | 0.034 (5)* | |
H2 | 0.2892 (19) | 0.4426 (13) | 0.2215 (13) | 0.055 (6)* | |
H3 | 0.3167 (19) | 0.4126 (16) | 0.0687 (13) | 0.063 (6)* | |
H4 | 0.156 (2) | 0.5361 (18) | 0.1206 (14) | 0.076 (7)* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
Al1 | 0.0350 (3) | 0.0315 (3) | 0.0323 (3) | −0.0085 (2) | −0.0024 (2) | 0.0047 (2) |
Mg1 | 0.0227 (4) | 0.0223 (4) | 0.0184 (3) | 0.0009 (3) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
O1 | 0.0284 (6) | 0.0313 (6) | 0.0297 (6) | 0.0073 (5) | −0.0075 (4) | −0.0111 (4) |
O3 | 0.0292 (8) | 0.0336 (8) | 0.0178 (7) | −0.0037 (6) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
O2 | 0.0401 (9) | 0.0208 (7) | 0.0200 (7) | −0.0038 (7) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
C8 | 0.0587 (12) | 0.0459 (11) | 0.0243 (8) | 0.0041 (9) | −0.0085 (8) | −0.0006 (7) |
C4 | 0.0391 (10) | 0.0438 (10) | 0.0488 (11) | 0.0098 (8) | −0.0215 (8) | −0.0096 (9) |
C5 | 0.0550 (11) | 0.0294 (9) | 0.0268 (8) | −0.0089 (8) | 0.0003 (7) | −0.0075 (7) |
C7 | 0.0442 (10) | 0.0455 (10) | 0.0249 (8) | −0.0094 (8) | −0.0090 (7) | −0.0014 (7) |
C6 | 0.0556 (12) | 0.0522 (12) | 0.0257 (8) | −0.0139 (9) | 0.0049 (8) | −0.0098 (8) |
C2 | 0.0657 (14) | 0.0601 (14) | 0.0462 (11) | 0.0366 (11) | −0.0033 (10) | −0.0097 (10) |
C3 | 0.0344 (12) | 0.107 (2) | 0.0876 (17) | 0.0248 (12) | −0.0139 (11) | −0.0386 (16) |
C1 | 0.0526 (12) | 0.0554 (13) | 0.0681 (14) | 0.0211 (10) | −0.0125 (10) | −0.0379 (11) |
Al1—H1 | 1.573 (18) | C4—C3 | 1.471 (3) |
Al1—H2 | 1.55 (2) | C4—H4A | 0.99 |
Al1—H3 | 1.52 (2) | C4—H4B | 0.99 |
Al1—H4 | 1.50 (2) | C5—C6 | 1.505 (2) |
Mg1—O1i | 2.0517 (11) | C5—H5A | 0.99 |
Mg1—O1 | 2.0518 (11) | C5—H5B | 0.99 |
Mg1—O3 | 2.0800 (15) | C7—H7A | 0.99 |
Mg1—O2 | 2.0804 (15) | C7—H7B | 0.99 |
Mg1—H1 | 1.977 (18) | C6—C6i | 1.519 (4) |
O1—C1 | 1.443 (2) | C6—H6A | 0.99 |
O1—C4 | 1.4529 (19) | C6—H6B | 0.99 |
O3—C7i | 1.4537 (17) | C2—C1 | 1.477 (3) |
O3—C7 | 1.4537 (17) | C2—C3 | 1.487 (3) |
O2—C5 | 1.4567 (17) | C2—H2A | 0.99 |
O2—C5i | 1.4567 (17) | C2—H2B | 0.99 |
C8—C7 | 1.506 (2) | C3—H3A | 0.99 |
C8—C8i | 1.517 (4) | C3—H3B | 0.99 |
C8—H8A | 0.99 | C1—H1A | 0.99 |
C8—H8B | 0.99 | C1—H1B | 0.99 |
H1—Al1—H2 | 106.3 (9) | O2—C5—C6 | 105.40 (13) |
H1—Al1—H3 | 104.8 (10) | O2—C5—H5A | 110.7 |
H2—Al1—H3 | 113.1 (11) | C6—C5—H5A | 110.7 |
H1—Al1—H4 | 107.0 (11) | O2—C5—H5B | 110.7 |
H2—Al1—H4 | 110.9 (11) | C6—C5—H5B | 110.7 |
H3—Al1—H4 | 114.0 (12) | H5A—C5—H5B | 108.8 |
O1i—Mg1—O1 | 179.65 (6) | O3—C7—C8 | 105.66 (13) |
O1i—Mg1—O3 | 90.18 (3) | O3—C7—H7A | 110.6 |
O1—Mg1—O3 | 90.18 (3) | C8—C7—H7A | 110.6 |
O1i—Mg1—O2 | 89.82 (3) | O3—C7—H7B | 110.6 |
O1—Mg1—O2 | 89.82 (3) | C8—C7—H7B | 110.6 |
O3—Mg1—O2 | 180.0 | H7A—C7—H7B | 108.7 |
O1i—Mg1—H1 | 91.4 (5) | C5—C6—C6i | 102.59 (11) |
O1—Mg1—H1 | 88.6 (5) | C5—C6—H6A | 111.2 |
O3—Mg1—H1 | 90.4 (4) | C6i—C6—H6A | 111.2 |
O2—Mg1—H1 | 89.6 (4) | C5—C6—H6B | 111.2 |
C1—O1—C4 | 109.08 (13) | C6i—C6—H6B | 111.2 |
C1—O1—Mg1 | 125.75 (10) | H6A—C6—H6B | 109.2 |
C4—O1—Mg1 | 125.10 (10) | C1—C2—C3 | 104.88 (16) |
C7i—O3—C7 | 109.37 (16) | C1—C2—H2A | 110.8 |
C7i—O3—Mg1 | 125.32 (8) | C3—C2—H2A | 110.8 |
C7—O3—Mg1 | 125.32 (8) | C1—C2—H2B | 110.8 |
C5—O2—C5i | 109.39 (16) | C3—C2—H2B | 110.8 |
C5—O2—Mg1 | 125.30 (8) | H2A—C2—H2B | 108.8 |
C5i—O2—Mg1 | 125.30 (8) | C4—C3—C2 | 105.13 (18) |
C7—C8—C8i | 102.78 (11) | C4—C3—H3A | 110.7 |
C7—C8—H8A | 111.2 | C2—C3—H3A | 110.7 |
C8i—C8—H8A | 111.2 | C4—C3—H3B | 110.7 |
C7—C8—H8B | 111.2 | C2—C3—H3B | 110.7 |
C8i—C8—H8B | 111.2 | H3A—C3—H3B | 108.8 |
H8A—C8—H8B | 109.1 | O1—C1—C2 | 106.93 (15) |
O1—C4—C3 | 105.34 (15) | O1—C1—H1A | 110.3 |
O1—C4—H4A | 110.7 | C2—C1—H1A | 110.3 |
C3—C4—H4A | 110.7 | O1—C1—H1B | 110.3 |
O1—C4—H4B | 110.7 | C2—C1—H1B | 110.3 |
C3—C4—H4B | 110.7 | H1A—C1—H1B | 108.6 |
H4A—C4—H4B | 108.8 |
Symmetry code: (i) −x, −y+1/2, z. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | [Al2MgH8(C4H8O)4] |
Mr | 374.75 |
Crystal system, space group | Orthorhombic, Pcnb |
Temperature (K) | 150 |
a, b, c (Å) | 10.161 (2), 14.027 (3), 16.429 (3) |
V (Å3) | 2341.6 (8) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.16 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.38 × 0.31 × 0.19 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Nonius Kappa CCD |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (SCALEPACK; Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.940, 0.969 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 5018, 2687, 1973 |
Rint | 0.017 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.649 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.041, 0.119, 1.07 |
No. of reflections | 2687 |
No. of parameters | 122 |
H-atom treatment | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.30, −0.30 |
Computer programs: COLLECT (Nonius, 1998), SCALEPACK (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997), DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor 1997) and SCALEPACK, SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).
Acknowledgements
This work was funded by the US Department of Energy, the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) under Contract No. DE-FC3605GO15062 as part of the DOE Metal Hydride Center of Excellence.
References
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Mg(AlH4)2.4THF, (I), is a starting material for the synthesis of Mg(AlH4)2 which is an interesting candidate for hydrogen storage applications because of its high theoretical hydrogen storage capacity. Ashby et al. (1970) reported the synthesis of (I) by the metathesis reaction between NaAlH4 and MgCl2. Noth et al. (1995) and recently Fichtner & Fuhr (2002) reported the crystal structure of (I), but neither of the groups obtained high quality single crystal X-ray diffraction data. In the present work good quality single crystals were obtained from reaction between NaAlH4 and ClMgBH4 where the product, AlH4MgBH4.THF disproportionated to form (I). The crystal structure was determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction and compared with the previously reported data.
In general, the present crystal structure determination confirms the previous results. As previously described by Noth et al. (1995) and Fichtner & Fuhr (2002), the structure of (I) consists of discrete octahedral building blocks where four THF molecules and two tetrahedral AlH4– units are connected to a Mg central atom. Fichtner & Fuhr (2002) reported only lattice parameters without coordinates of the atoms. Noth et al. (1995) reported the Al—H(t) and Al—H(b) bond lengths as 1.214 and 1.528 Å, respectively, which are shorter than expected. Moreover, the structure was only refined to a final R value of 0.065. We have redetermined this crystal structure at 150 K, with a final R value of 0.040 to obtain more precise data. In the present work, the Al—H(t) and Al—H(b) bond lengths were found to be 1.524 and 1.573 Å, respectively, which are close to the Al—H bond distance in other alanates. Al—H distances reported in other alanates with AlH4– tetrahedral are 1.547 Å (at 8 K) for LiAlH4 (Sklar & Post, 1967), 1.532 Å (at 296 K) for NaAlH4 (Lauher et al., 1979), 1.55 Å (at 200 K) for Mg(AlH4)2.Et2O (Fichtner & Fuhr, 2002) and 1.65 Å (at 230 K) for Ca(AlH4)2.4THF (Fichtner et al., 2004).