organic compounds
Melaminium perchlorate monohydrate
aOrdered Matter Science Research Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical, Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
*Correspondence e-mail: zmmzyahfdzg@126.com
In the title hydrated salt, 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazin-1-ium perchlorate monohydrate, C3H7N6+·ClO4−·H2O, the constituents are linked via hydrogen bonds of the O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O, N—H⋯N and N—H⋯Cl types. All the H atoms of the melaminium cation are involved in the hydrogen bonds. The melaminium residues are interconnected by four N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming chains parallel to (111). The ribbons are interconnected by other hydrogen bonds as well as by π–π interactions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.8097 (7) Å].
Related literature
For similar organic acid–base compounds, see: Martin & Pinkerton (1995); Perpétuo & Janczak (2006). For their ferroelectric properties, see: Hang et al. (2009), Li et al. (2008). For impedance studies, see; Uthrakumar et al. (2008).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Refinement
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Data collection: CrystalClear (Rigaku, 2005); cell CrystalClear; data reduction: CrystalClear; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: PRPKAPPA (Ferguson, 1999).
Supporting information
https://doi.org/10.1107/S160053681001857X/ng2764sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S160053681001857X/ng2764Isup2.hkl
Single crystals of melaminium monoperchlorate monohydrate are prepared by slow evaporation at room temperature of an water solution of melamine and perchloric acid.
Dielectric studies (capacitance and dielectric loss measurements) were performed on powder samples which have been pressed into tablets on the surfaces of which a conducting carbon glue was deposited. The automatic impedance TongHui2828 Analyzer has been used (Uthrakumar et al., 2008). In the measured temperature ranges (90 K to 450 K, m.p. > 470 K), the title structure showed no dielectric disuniform.
All the hydrogens were discernible in the difference electron density maps. The positions of the H atoms of the melamine cations were refined using a riding model with N—H = 0.86 Å and Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(N). The coordinates if the water hydrogens have been refined under restrains 0.84 Å; Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(O). (The constrained and the restrained values fit well to the trial
with the freely refined hydrogen parameters.)The melamine molecule and its organic and inorganic complexes or salts were widely researched by ancient Chemists (Martin et al. 1995; Perpétuo & Janczak, 2006). This study is a part of systematic investigation of dielectric ferroelectric materials, including organic ligands (Li et al., 2008), metal-organic coordination compounds (Hang et al., 2009) and organic inorganic hybrid. Melaminium monoperchlorate monohydrate has no dielectric disuniform from 90 K to 430 K, (m.p. > 470 K).
The
of the title compound is composed of cationic (C3H7N6+), anionic (ClO4-) and one dissociative water molecular(Fig 1). The melaminium cation is protonated at only one melamine ring N atom. The six-membered aromatic ring of melaminium residues exhibit distortions from the regular hexagonal form. The internal C—N—C angle at the protonated N atom(119.41 (14) °) is greater than the other two C—N—C angles of the ring(115.45 (14) ° and 115.48 (14) °) and the internal N—C—N angles involving the nonprotonated ring N atoms (126.09 (15) °) are obviously greater than those containing protonated and non-protonated N atoms(121.65 (15) ° and 121.88 (15) °).Fig. 2 shows a view down the c axis. The melaminium cations are interconnected by four N—H···N hydrogen bonds, forming ribbons parallel to (1 1 1). The ribbons are interconnected by other hydrogen bonds as well as by π-electron ring - π-electron ring interactions with the distance between the centroids of the neighbour melaminium rings (1-x,1-y,1-z) equal to 3.8097 Å. Melamine and its derivatives and organic and inorganic complexes or salts can develop well defined non-covalent supramolecular architectures via multiple hydrogen bonds. The hydrogen bonds are summarized in Tab. 1. The H atom of the protonated ring N atom (H4a) is donated to the water molecule, being involved in a strong N—H···O hydrogen bond. The other amine H atoms are involved in N—H···O, N—H···N and N—H···Cl hydrogen bonds. ClO4- anions take part in electrostatics equilibrium with the melaminium cations. They are also involved in N—H···O, O—H···O, and N—H···Cl hydrogen bonds.
For similar organic acid–base compounds, see: Martin & Pinkerton (1995); Perpétuo & Janczak (2006). For ferroelectric properties [of what? Are these references relevant to the title compound?], see: Hang et al. (2009), Li et al. (2008). For impedance studies, see; Uthrakumar et al. (2008).
Data collection: CrystalClear (Rigaku, 2005); cell
CrystalClear (Rigaku, 2005); data reduction: CrystalClear (Rigaku, 2005); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: PRPKAPPA (Ferguson, 1999).Fig. 1. The molecular structure of the title compound, with the atomic numbering scheme. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 30% probability level. | |
Fig. 2. A view of the packing of the title compound, stacking along the c axis. Dashed lines indicate hydrogen bonds. |
C3H7N6+·ClO4−·H2O | Z = 2 |
Mr = 244.61 | F(000) = 252 |
Triclinic, P1 | Dx = 1.781 Mg m−3 |
Hall symbol: -P 1 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
a = 5.654 (4) Å | Cell parameters from 1388 reflections |
b = 7.553 (7) Å | θ = 3.0–27.6° |
c = 11.893 (10) Å | µ = 0.44 mm−1 |
α = 102.72 (4)° | T = 293 K |
β = 94.58 (3)° | Prism, colorless |
γ = 110.78 (2)° | 0.20 × 0.20 × 0.20 mm |
V = 456.1 (7) Å3 |
Rigaku SCXmini diffractometer | 2051 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 1719 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.030 |
Detector resolution: 28.5714 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 27.5°, θmin = 3.0° |
CCD_Profile_fitting scans | h = −7→7 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrystalClear; Rigaku, 2005) | k = −9→9 |
Tmin = 0.916, Tmax = 0.916 | l = −15→14 |
4902 measured reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.031 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.091 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 0.90 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0659P)2 + 0.0106P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
2051 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
163 parameters | Δρmax = 0.29 e Å−3 |
10 restraints | Δρmin = −0.41 e Å−3 |
C3H7N6+·ClO4−·H2O | γ = 110.78 (2)° |
Mr = 244.61 | V = 456.1 (7) Å3 |
Triclinic, P1 | Z = 2 |
a = 5.654 (4) Å | Mo Kα radiation |
b = 7.553 (7) Å | µ = 0.44 mm−1 |
c = 11.893 (10) Å | T = 293 K |
α = 102.72 (4)° | 0.20 × 0.20 × 0.20 mm |
β = 94.58 (3)° |
Rigaku SCXmini diffractometer | 2051 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrystalClear; Rigaku, 2005) | 1719 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.916, Tmax = 0.916 | Rint = 0.030 |
4902 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.031 | 10 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.091 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 0.90 | Δρmax = 0.29 e Å−3 |
2051 reflections | Δρmin = −0.41 e Å−3 |
163 parameters |
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
C1 | 0.5601 (3) | 0.8552 (2) | 0.63004 (14) | 0.0133 (3) | |
C2 | 0.7940 (3) | 0.7067 (2) | 0.53001 (14) | 0.0129 (3) | |
C3 | 0.7094 (3) | 0.6425 (2) | 0.70349 (14) | 0.0130 (3) | |
O1 | 1.0855 (2) | 1.12497 (17) | 0.75979 (9) | 0.0166 (3) | |
O2 | 1.1733 (2) | 1.45744 (17) | 0.84904 (11) | 0.0201 (3) | |
O3 | 0.8606 (3) | 1.2106 (2) | 0.90661 (11) | 0.0274 (3) | |
O4 | 1.2993 (3) | 1.26696 (19) | 0.95543 (11) | 0.0244 (3) | |
O5 | 1.3200 (3) | 0.87257 (18) | 0.88354 (10) | 0.0196 (3) | |
H5B | 1.346 (4) | 0.9895 (10) | 0.9193 (14) | 0.023* | |
H5A | 1.259 (4) | 0.7975 (19) | 0.9260 (13) | 0.023* | |
Cl1 | 1.10439 (7) | 1.26476 (5) | 0.86874 (3) | 0.01324 (13) | |
N1 | 0.4347 (3) | 0.9749 (2) | 0.64603 (13) | 0.0172 (3) | |
H1B | 0.357 (3) | 0.990 (3) | 0.7040 (12) | 0.021* | |
H1A | 0.409 (4) | 1.034 (3) | 0.5952 (13) | 0.021* | |
N2 | 0.7213 (3) | 0.5547 (2) | 0.78757 (13) | 0.0169 (3) | |
H2B | 0.657 (4) | 0.576 (3) | 0.8500 (11) | 0.020* | |
H2A | 0.818 (3) | 0.489 (3) | 0.7840 (16) | 0.020* | |
N3 | 0.8987 (3) | 0.6748 (2) | 0.43553 (13) | 0.0162 (3) | |
H3B | 0.975 (3) | 0.594 (2) | 0.4283 (17) | 0.019* | |
H3A | 0.890 (4) | 0.741 (3) | 0.3865 (13) | 0.019* | |
N4 | 0.5745 (3) | 0.7610 (2) | 0.71408 (11) | 0.0131 (3) | |
H4A | 0.500 (3) | 0.784 (3) | 0.7707 (11) | 0.016* | |
N5 | 0.8221 (3) | 0.61161 (19) | 0.61130 (11) | 0.0131 (3) | |
N6 | 0.6663 (3) | 0.8296 (2) | 0.53570 (11) | 0.0129 (3) |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
C1 | 0.0126 (7) | 0.0127 (7) | 0.0130 (8) | 0.0043 (6) | 0.0003 (6) | 0.0015 (6) |
C2 | 0.0130 (7) | 0.0121 (7) | 0.0118 (8) | 0.0041 (6) | 0.0006 (6) | 0.0012 (6) |
C3 | 0.0115 (7) | 0.0123 (7) | 0.0136 (8) | 0.0036 (6) | 0.0014 (6) | 0.0024 (6) |
O1 | 0.0217 (6) | 0.0173 (6) | 0.0111 (6) | 0.0095 (5) | 0.0030 (5) | 0.0008 (5) |
O2 | 0.0241 (7) | 0.0143 (6) | 0.0249 (7) | 0.0091 (5) | 0.0061 (5) | 0.0073 (5) |
O3 | 0.0210 (7) | 0.0342 (8) | 0.0240 (7) | 0.0048 (6) | 0.0153 (6) | 0.0072 (6) |
O4 | 0.0325 (8) | 0.0254 (7) | 0.0162 (6) | 0.0170 (6) | −0.0064 (5) | 0.0012 (5) |
O5 | 0.0282 (7) | 0.0153 (6) | 0.0185 (6) | 0.0093 (5) | 0.0111 (5) | 0.0067 (5) |
Cl1 | 0.0151 (2) | 0.0145 (2) | 0.0113 (2) | 0.00664 (15) | 0.00399 (14) | 0.00364 (15) |
N1 | 0.0233 (8) | 0.0230 (8) | 0.0138 (7) | 0.0167 (6) | 0.0076 (6) | 0.0069 (6) |
N2 | 0.0202 (8) | 0.0240 (8) | 0.0151 (7) | 0.0145 (6) | 0.0089 (6) | 0.0099 (6) |
N3 | 0.0240 (8) | 0.0194 (7) | 0.0136 (7) | 0.0151 (6) | 0.0082 (6) | 0.0077 (6) |
N4 | 0.0151 (7) | 0.0163 (7) | 0.0102 (7) | 0.0079 (6) | 0.0060 (5) | 0.0039 (6) |
N5 | 0.0154 (7) | 0.0146 (7) | 0.0119 (7) | 0.0079 (6) | 0.0040 (5) | 0.0044 (5) |
N6 | 0.0159 (7) | 0.0145 (6) | 0.0103 (7) | 0.0084 (6) | 0.0028 (5) | 0.0029 (5) |
C1—N6 | 1.324 (2) | O3—Cl1 | 1.4318 (16) |
C1—N1 | 1.325 (2) | O4—Cl1 | 1.4406 (16) |
C1—N4 | 1.362 (2) | O5—H5B | 0.845 (5) |
C2—N3 | 1.327 (2) | O5—H5A | 0.843 (5) |
C2—N5 | 1.356 (2) | N1—H1B | 0.855 (5) |
C2—N6 | 1.357 (2) | N1—H1A | 0.860 (5) |
C3—N2 | 1.325 (2) | N2—H2B | 0.861 (5) |
C3—N5 | 1.329 (2) | N2—H2A | 0.859 (5) |
C3—N4 | 1.360 (2) | N3—H3B | 0.854 (5) |
O1—Cl1 | 1.4493 (16) | N3—H3A | 0.855 (5) |
O2—Cl1 | 1.4446 (18) | N4—H4A | 0.840 (5) |
N6—C1—N1 | 120.73 (15) | O2—Cl1—O1 | 108.79 (9) |
N6—C1—N4 | 121.88 (15) | C1—N1—H1B | 123.3 (14) |
N1—C1—N4 | 117.39 (15) | C1—N1—H1A | 123.2 (14) |
N3—C2—N5 | 116.85 (15) | H1B—N1—H1A | 113.2 (19) |
N3—C2—N6 | 117.06 (15) | C3—N2—H2B | 122.9 (13) |
N5—C2—N6 | 126.09 (15) | C3—N2—H2A | 117.4 (13) |
N2—C3—N5 | 120.63 (15) | H2B—N2—H2A | 118.9 (18) |
N2—C3—N4 | 117.70 (15) | C2—N3—H3B | 119.0 (13) |
N5—C3—N4 | 121.65 (15) | C2—N3—H3A | 116.9 (13) |
H5B—O5—H5A | 109.5 (11) | H3B—N3—H3A | 124.0 (19) |
O3—Cl1—O4 | 110.66 (10) | C3—N4—C1 | 119.41 (14) |
O3—Cl1—O2 | 109.04 (8) | C3—N4—H4A | 124.6 (13) |
O4—Cl1—O2 | 109.67 (9) | C1—N4—H4A | 116.0 (13) |
O3—Cl1—O1 | 109.34 (9) | C3—N5—C2 | 115.48 (14) |
O4—Cl1—O1 | 109.31 (9) | C1—N6—C2 | 115.45 (14) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O5—H5B···O4 | 0.85 (1) | 2.16 (1) | 2.960 (3) | 158 (2) |
O5—H5B···O5i | 0.85 (1) | 2.64 (2) | 3.081 (3) | 114 (2) |
O5—H5A···O3ii | 0.84 (1) | 2.16 (1) | 2.883 (3) | 144 (2) |
O5—H5A···O2iii | 0.84 (1) | 2.38 (2) | 2.867 (3) | 117 (1) |
N1—H1B···O1iv | 0.86 (1) | 2.19 (1) | 2.890 (2) | 139 (2) |
N1—H1B···O5iv | 0.86 (1) | 2.48 (2) | 3.146 (3) | 135 (2) |
N1—H1A···N6v | 0.86 (1) | 2.14 (1) | 2.998 (3) | 178 (2) |
N2—H2B···O4ii | 0.86 (1) | 2.31 (1) | 3.086 (3) | 151 (2) |
N2—H2B···O2vi | 0.86 (1) | 2.56 (2) | 3.108 (3) | 123 (2) |
N2—H2A···O2iii | 0.86 (1) | 2.20 (1) | 2.979 (3) | 150 (2) |
N2—H2A···Cl1iii | 0.86 (1) | 2.99 (1) | 3.792 (3) | 157 (2) |
N3—H3B···N5vii | 0.85 (1) | 2.23 (1) | 3.084 (3) | 173 (2) |
N3—H3A···O1viii | 0.86 (1) | 2.19 (1) | 3.029 (3) | 168 (2) |
N4—H4A···O5iv | 0.84 (1) | 1.90 (1) | 2.723 (2) | 168 (2) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+3, −y+2, −z+2; (ii) −x+2, −y+2, −z+2; (iii) x, y−1, z; (iv) x−1, y, z; (v) −x+1, −y+2, −z+1; (vi) x−1, y−1, z; (vii) −x+2, −y+1, −z+1; (viii) −x+2, −y+2, −z+1. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C3H7N6+·ClO4−·H2O |
Mr | 244.61 |
Crystal system, space group | Triclinic, P1 |
Temperature (K) | 293 |
a, b, c (Å) | 5.654 (4), 7.553 (7), 11.893 (10) |
α, β, γ (°) | 102.72 (4), 94.58 (3), 110.78 (2) |
V (Å3) | 456.1 (7) |
Z | 2 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.44 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.20 × 0.20 × 0.20 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Rigaku SCXmini diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (CrystalClear; Rigaku, 2005) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.916, 0.916 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 4902, 2051, 1719 |
Rint | 0.030 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.650 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.031, 0.091, 0.90 |
No. of reflections | 2051 |
No. of parameters | 163 |
No. of restraints | 10 |
H-atom treatment | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.29, −0.41 |
Computer programs: CrystalClear (Rigaku, 2005), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008), PRPKAPPA (Ferguson, 1999).
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O5—H5B···O4 | 0.845 (5) | 2.160 (9) | 2.960 (3) | 157.9 (19) |
O5—H5B···O5i | 0.845 (5) | 2.639 (19) | 3.081 (3) | 114.0 (15) |
O5—H5A···O3ii | 0.843 (5) | 2.159 (11) | 2.883 (3) | 143.8 (15) |
O5—H5A···O2iii | 0.843 (5) | 2.384 (15) | 2.867 (3) | 117.0 (13) |
N1—H1B···O1iv | 0.855 (5) | 2.192 (14) | 2.890 (2) | 138.7 (17) |
N1—H1B···O5iv | 0.855 (5) | 2.484 (15) | 3.146 (3) | 134.8 (17) |
N1—H1A···N6v | 0.860 (5) | 2.138 (6) | 2.998 (3) | 177.5 (19) |
N2—H2B···O4ii | 0.861 (5) | 2.306 (11) | 3.086 (3) | 150.7 (19) |
N2—H2B···O2vi | 0.861 (5) | 2.555 (18) | 3.108 (3) | 122.9 (17) |
N2—H2A···O2iii | 0.859 (5) | 2.203 (11) | 2.979 (3) | 150.2 (18) |
N2—H2A···Cl1iii | 0.859 (5) | 2.989 (9) | 3.792 (3) | 156.6 (16) |
N3—H3B···N5vii | 0.854 (5) | 2.234 (6) | 3.084 (3) | 173.3 (18) |
N3—H3A···O1viii | 0.855 (5) | 2.189 (7) | 3.029 (3) | 167.5 (18) |
N4—H4A···O5iv | 0.840 (5) | 1.895 (7) | 2.723 (2) | 168.3 (18) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+3, −y+2, −z+2; (ii) −x+2, −y+2, −z+2; (iii) x, y−1, z; (iv) x−1, y, z; (v) −x+1, −y+2, −z+1; (vi) x−1, y−1, z; (vii) −x+2, −y+1, −z+1; (viii) −x+2, −y+2, −z+1. |
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the starter fund of Southeast University for financial support to buy the X-ray diffractometer.
References
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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are cited.
The melamine molecule and its organic and inorganic complexes or salts were widely researched by ancient Chemists (Martin et al. 1995; Perpétuo & Janczak, 2006). This study is a part of systematic investigation of dielectric ferroelectric materials, including organic ligands (Li et al., 2008), metal-organic coordination compounds (Hang et al., 2009) and organic inorganic hybrid. Melaminium monoperchlorate monohydrate has no dielectric disuniform from 90 K to 430 K, (m.p. > 470 K).
The asymmetric unit of the title compound is composed of cationic (C3H7N6+), anionic (ClO4-) and one dissociative water molecular(Fig 1). The melaminium cation is protonated at only one melamine ring N atom. The six-membered aromatic ring of melaminium residues exhibit distortions from the regular hexagonal form. The internal C—N—C angle at the protonated N atom(119.41 (14) °) is greater than the other two C—N—C angles of the ring(115.45 (14) ° and 115.48 (14) °) and the internal N—C—N angles involving the nonprotonated ring N atoms (126.09 (15) °) are obviously greater than those containing protonated and non-protonated N atoms(121.65 (15) ° and 121.88 (15) °).
Fig. 2 shows a view down the c axis. The melaminium cations are interconnected by four N—H···N hydrogen bonds, forming ribbons parallel to (1 1 1). The ribbons are interconnected by other hydrogen bonds as well as by π-electron ring - π-electron ring interactions with the distance between the centroids of the neighbour melaminium rings (1-x,1-y,1-z) equal to 3.8097 Å. Melamine and its derivatives and organic and inorganic complexes or salts can develop well defined non-covalent supramolecular architectures via multiple hydrogen bonds. The hydrogen bonds are summarized in Tab. 1. The H atom of the protonated ring N atom (H4a) is donated to the water molecule, being involved in a strong N—H···O hydrogen bond. The other amine H atoms are involved in N—H···O, N—H···N and N—H···Cl hydrogen bonds. ClO4- anions take part in electrostatics equilibrium with the melaminium cations. They are also involved in N—H···O, O—H···O, and N—H···Cl hydrogen bonds.