metal-organic compounds
Triaqua(1,4,7-triazacyclononane-κ3N1,N4,N7)nickel(II) bromide nitrate
aCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Yucai Road 15, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
*Correspondence e-mail: zhangzhong@mailbox.gxnu.edu.cn
In the title half-sandwich compound, [Ni(C6H15N3)(H2O)3]Br(NO3), the central NiII ion, lying on a threefold rotation axis, is six-coordinated by three amine N atoms from the face-capping triaza macrocycle and three water O atoms in a slightly distorted octahedral geometry. In the crystal, O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding and weak O—H⋯Br interactions associate the NiII cations and the counter-ions into a three-dimensional supramolecular network.
Related literature
For the preparation of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane trihydrobromide, see: Koyama & Yoshino (1972). For the applications of metal complexes containing 1,4,7-triazacyclononane as small-molecule models of metalloenzymes and metalloproteins and as molecule-based magnets, see: Berseth et al. (2000); Chaudhury et al. (1985); Cheng et al. (2004); Deal et al. (1996); Hegg & Burstyn (1995); Hegg et al. (1997); Lin et al. (2001); Poganiuch et al. (1991); Williams et al. (1999). For related NiII complexes with 1,4,7-triazacyclononane, see: Bencini et al. (1990); Stranger et al. (1992); Wang et al. (2003, 2005); Zompa & Margulis (1978).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2002); cell SAINT (Bruker, 2002); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL.
Supporting information
https://doi.org/10.1107/S160053681001620X/pb2027sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S160053681001620X/pb2027Isup2.hkl
1,4,7–Triazacyclononane trihydrobromide (TACN.3HBr) was prepared by following a modified published method (Koyama & Yoshino, 1972).
To a solution of 0.074 g (0.02 mmol) of TACN.3HBr in water (10 ml), 0.1 M NaOH was added to adjust the pH to 6. Then aqueous solution (5 ml) of 0.058 g (0.02 mmol) of Ni(NO3)2.6H20 was added and the resulting mixture was stirred under reflux for 6 h. After cooling, the mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was allowed to standing at ambient temperature. Plate–like green single crystals suitable for X–ray crystallographic analysis were collected by slow evaporation of the filtrate within two months.
All methylene H atoms were placed at calculated positions and refined as riding on their parent atoms [C—H = 0.97 Å and Uiso(H) = 1.2 Ueq(C)]. The H atoms of amine groups and water molecules were located in a difference Fourier map as riding atoms, with Uiso(H) = 1.5 Ueq(N) and 1.5 Ueq(O).
The coordination chemistry of 1,4,7–triazacyclononane (TACN) has been extensively studied for its applications in the simulation of metalloenzymes and metalloproteins (Chaudhury et al., 1985; Deal et al., 1996; Hegg & Burstyn, 1995; Hegg et al., 1997; Lin et al., 2001; Williams et al., 1999) as well as in constructing molecule–based magnetic materials (Berseth et al., 2000; Cheng et al., 2004; Poganiuch et al., 1991). In general, TACN ligand can form stable sandwich complexes with many transition metals (Stranger et al., 1992; Zompa & Margulis, 1978) or functions as a terminal chelator for the assembly of binuclear/polynuclear species and coordination polymers supported by bridging ligands (Bencini et al., 1990; Wang et al., 2005; Wang et al., 2003). In this paper, a half–sandwich type NiII complex with TACN has been synthesized and characterized.
In the selected crystal, the title compound (I) crystallizes in a λλλ) conformation, which is the source of the of the crystal. Ni—N [2.091 (3) Å] and Ni—O [2.089 (3) Å] bond lengths are both in the normal ranges, meanwhile N—Ni—N bond angle is smaller than that of O—Ni—O due to the small size of TACN ring. Counter–ions NO3- and Br- interconnect neighbouring cations by O—H···O hydrogen bond and O—H···Br- weak interaction (Table 1) into three–dimensional supramolecular network (Fig. 2).
P213 and of 0.01 (3) indicates that a has been achieved during crystallization. As depicted in Fig. 1, the NiII center in the complex cation lies on a three–fold rotation axis and three amine N atoms from facially coordinated TACN and three water molecules complete the slightly distorted octahedral arrangement. Upon coordination, three five–membered Ni—N—C—C—N chelating rings subtended at metal center adopt (For the preparation of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane trihydrobromide, see: Koyama & Yoshino (1972). For the applications of metal complexes containing 1,4,7-triazacyclononane as small-molecule models of metalloenzymes and metalloproteins and as molecule-based magnets, see: Berseth et al. (2000); Chaudhury et al. (1985); Cheng et al. (2004); Deal et al. (1996); Hegg & Burstyn (1995); Hegg et al. (1997); Lin et al. (2001); Poganiuch et al. (1991); Williams et al. (1999). For related NiII complexes with 1,4,7-triazacyclononane, see: Bencini et al. (1990); Stranger et al. (1992); Wang et al. (2003, 2005); Zompa & Margulis (1978).
Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2002); cell
SAINT (Bruker, 2002); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2002); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).[Ni(C6H15N3)(H2O)3]Br(NO3) | Dx = 1.767 Mg m−3 |
Mr = 383.89 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Cubic, P213 | Cell parameters from 13409 reflections |
Hall symbol: P 2ac 2ab 3 | θ = 3.1–27.4° |
a = 11.300 (1) Å | µ = 4.14 mm−1 |
V = 1442.9 (3) Å3 | T = 298 K |
Z = 4 | Plate, green |
F(000) = 784 | 0.29 × 0.27 × 0.18 mm |
Bruker APEXII CCD area-detector diffractometer | 1110 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 985 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.080 |
φ and ω scans | θmax = 27.4°, θmin = 3.1° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 1998) | h = −14→14 |
Tmin = 0.320, Tmax = 0.480 | k = −14→14 |
15223 measured reflections | l = −14→14 |
Refinement on F2 | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
Least-squares matrix: full | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.035 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
wR(F2) = 0.072 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0232P)2 + 1.6516P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
S = 1.03 | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
8717 reflections | Δρmax = 0.36 e Å−3 |
61 parameters | Δρmin = −0.47 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Absolute structure: Flack (1983), 475 Friedel pairs |
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods | Absolute structure parameter: 0.01 (3) |
[Ni(C6H15N3)(H2O)3]Br(NO3) | Z = 4 |
Mr = 383.89 | Mo Kα radiation |
Cubic, P213 | µ = 4.14 mm−1 |
a = 11.300 (1) Å | T = 298 K |
V = 1442.9 (3) Å3 | 0.29 × 0.27 × 0.18 mm |
Bruker APEXII CCD area-detector diffractometer | 1110 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 1998) | 985 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.320, Tmax = 0.480 | Rint = 0.080 |
15223 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.035 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
wR(F2) = 0.072 | Δρmax = 0.36 e Å−3 |
S = 1.03 | Δρmin = −0.47 e Å−3 |
8717 reflections | Absolute structure: Flack (1983), 475 Friedel pairs |
61 parameters | Absolute structure parameter: 0.01 (3) |
0 restraints |
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
Ni1 | 1.06169 (4) | 0.56169 (4) | 0.93831 (4) | 0.02729 (19) | |
Br1 | 0.25347 (4) | 0.24653 (4) | 0.75347 (4) | 0.0437 (2) | |
C1 | 0.8566 (4) | 0.4233 (4) | 0.8872 (4) | 0.0437 (11) | |
H1A | 0.8123 | 0.3498 | 0.8858 | 0.052* | |
H1B | 0.8438 | 0.4636 | 0.8125 | 0.052* | |
C2 | 1.0118 (4) | 0.3128 (4) | 0.9995 (4) | 0.0449 (11) | |
H2A | 1.0326 | 0.2365 | 0.9660 | 0.054* | |
H2B | 0.9417 | 0.3022 | 1.0478 | 0.054* | |
N1 | 0.9850 (3) | 0.3973 (3) | 0.9019 (3) | 0.0353 (8) | |
H3 | 1.0226 | 0.3631 | 0.8407 | 0.053* | |
N2 | 0.9466 (3) | 0.9466 (3) | 0.9466 (3) | 0.0316 (11) | |
O1 | 1.0196 (3) | 0.6447 (3) | 0.7786 (3) | 0.0391 (8) | |
O2 | 0.8854 (3) | 1.0345 (3) | 0.9196 (3) | 0.0577 (9) | |
H4B | 0.947 (5) | 0.659 (4) | 0.765 (4) | 0.050 (14)* | |
H4A | 1.040 (4) | 0.598 (4) | 0.723 (4) | 0.050 (14)* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
Ni1 | 0.02729 (19) | 0.02729 (19) | 0.02729 (19) | −0.0011 (2) | 0.0011 (2) | 0.0011 (2) |
Br1 | 0.0437 (2) | 0.0437 (2) | 0.0437 (2) | −0.0012 (2) | 0.0012 (2) | −0.0012 (2) |
C1 | 0.041 (2) | 0.042 (3) | 0.049 (3) | −0.016 (2) | −0.009 (2) | 0.005 (2) |
C2 | 0.054 (3) | 0.027 (2) | 0.054 (3) | −0.0022 (19) | 0.010 (2) | 0.0063 (19) |
N1 | 0.0365 (19) | 0.0349 (19) | 0.0346 (19) | −0.0022 (14) | 0.0050 (14) | −0.0021 (14) |
N2 | 0.0316 (11) | 0.0316 (11) | 0.0316 (11) | 0.0002 (15) | 0.0002 (15) | 0.0002 (15) |
O1 | 0.0424 (18) | 0.0419 (18) | 0.0330 (18) | 0.0052 (14) | −0.0007 (13) | 0.0024 (12) |
O2 | 0.055 (2) | 0.054 (2) | 0.065 (2) | 0.0156 (16) | 0.0149 (17) | 0.0133 (18) |
Ni1—O1i | 2.089 (3) | C2—N1 | 1.490 (5) |
Ni1—O1 | 2.089 (3) | C2—C1ii | 1.520 (6) |
Ni1—O1ii | 2.089 (3) | C2—H2A | 0.9700 |
Ni1—N1 | 2.091 (3) | C2—H2B | 0.9700 |
Ni1—N1ii | 2.091 (3) | N1—H3 | 0.8987 |
Ni1—N1i | 2.091 (3) | N2—O2iii | 1.248 (3) |
C1—N1 | 1.490 (6) | N2—O2iv | 1.248 (3) |
C1—C2i | 1.520 (6) | N2—O2 | 1.248 (3) |
C1—H1A | 0.9700 | O1—H4B | 0.85 (5) |
C1—H1B | 0.9700 | O1—H4A | 0.84 (4) |
O1i—Ni1—O1 | 84.90 (14) | H1A—C1—H1B | 108.1 |
O1i—Ni1—O1ii | 84.90 (14) | N1—C2—C1ii | 111.7 (3) |
O1—Ni1—O1ii | 84.90 (14) | N1—C2—H2A | 109.3 |
O1i—Ni1—N1 | 177.00 (13) | C1ii—C2—H2A | 109.3 |
O1—Ni1—N1 | 97.72 (13) | N1—C2—H2B | 109.3 |
O1ii—Ni1—N1 | 93.87 (12) | C1ii—C2—H2B | 109.3 |
O1i—Ni1—N1ii | 93.87 (12) | H2A—C2—H2B | 108.0 |
O1—Ni1—N1ii | 177.00 (13) | C1—N1—C2 | 114.0 (3) |
O1ii—Ni1—N1ii | 97.72 (12) | C1—N1—Ni1 | 104.5 (3) |
N1—Ni1—N1ii | 83.58 (14) | C2—N1—Ni1 | 109.8 (3) |
O1i—Ni1—N1i | 97.72 (12) | C1—N1—H3 | 117.3 |
O1—Ni1—N1i | 93.87 (12) | C2—N1—H3 | 101.4 |
O1ii—Ni1—N1i | 177.00 (13) | Ni1—N1—H3 | 109.7 |
N1—Ni1—N1i | 83.58 (14) | O2iii—N2—O2iv | 119.999 (2) |
N1ii—Ni1—N1i | 83.58 (14) | O2iii—N2—O2 | 120.000 (3) |
N1—C1—C2i | 110.3 (4) | O2iv—N2—O2 | 120.000 (2) |
N1—C1—H1A | 109.6 | Ni1—O1—H4B | 117 (4) |
C2i—C1—H1A | 109.6 | Ni1—O1—H4A | 107 (4) |
N1—C1—H1B | 109.6 | H4B—O1—H4A | 104 (5) |
C2i—C1—H1B | 109.6 | ||
C2i—C1—N1—C2 | 72.1 (5) | N1ii—Ni1—N1—C1 | 114.6 (2) |
C2i—C1—N1—Ni1 | −47.8 (4) | N1i—Ni1—N1—C1 | 30.4 (3) |
C1ii—C2—N1—C1 | −133.2 (4) | O1—Ni1—N1—C2 | 174.6 (3) |
C1ii—C2—N1—Ni1 | −16.3 (4) | O1ii—Ni1—N1—C2 | 89.3 (3) |
O1—Ni1—N1—C1 | −62.7 (3) | N1ii—Ni1—N1—C2 | −8.1 (3) |
O1ii—Ni1—N1—C1 | −148.0 (3) | N1i—Ni1—N1—C2 | −92.3 (2) |
Symmetry codes: (i) y+1/2, −z+3/2, −x+2; (ii) −z+2, x−1/2, −y+3/2; (iii) z, x, y; (iv) y, z, x. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O1—H4A···O2v | 0.84 (4) | 1.95 (5) | 2.776 (5) | 162 (4) |
O1—H4B···Br1vi | 0.85 (5) | 2.48 (5) | 3.312 (3) | 167 (4) |
Symmetry codes: (v) −x+2, y−1/2, −z+3/2; (vi) −x+1, y+1/2, −z+3/2. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | [Ni(C6H15N3)(H2O)3]Br(NO3) |
Mr | 383.89 |
Crystal system, space group | Cubic, P213 |
Temperature (K) | 298 |
a (Å) | 11.300 (1) |
V (Å3) | 1442.9 (3) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 4.14 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.29 × 0.27 × 0.18 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Bruker APEXII CCD area-detector |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 1998) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.320, 0.480 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 15223, 1110, 985 |
Rint | 0.080 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.647 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.035, 0.072, 1.03 |
No. of reflections | 8717 |
No. of parameters | 61 |
H-atom treatment | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.36, −0.47 |
Absolute structure | Flack (1983), 475 Friedel pairs |
Absolute structure parameter | 0.01 (3) |
Computer programs: APEX2 (Bruker, 2002), SAINT (Bruker, 2002), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O1—H4A···O2i | 0.84 (4) | 1.95 (5) | 2.776 (5) | 162 (4) |
O1—H4B···Br1ii | 0.85 (5) | 2.48 (5) | 3.312 (3) | 167 (4) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+2, y−1/2, −z+3/2; (ii) −x+1, y+1/2, −z+3/2. |
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful for financial support from the Guangxi Science Foundation (grant No. 0832023) and the Scientific Research Foundation of Guangxi Normal University.
References
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The coordination chemistry of 1,4,7–triazacyclononane (TACN) has been extensively studied for its applications in the simulation of metalloenzymes and metalloproteins (Chaudhury et al., 1985; Deal et al., 1996; Hegg & Burstyn, 1995; Hegg et al., 1997; Lin et al., 2001; Williams et al., 1999) as well as in constructing molecule–based magnetic materials (Berseth et al., 2000; Cheng et al., 2004; Poganiuch et al., 1991). In general, TACN ligand can form stable sandwich complexes with many transition metals (Stranger et al., 1992; Zompa & Margulis, 1978) or functions as a terminal chelator for the assembly of binuclear/polynuclear species and coordination polymers supported by bridging ligands (Bencini et al., 1990; Wang et al., 2005; Wang et al., 2003). In this paper, a half–sandwich type NiII complex with TACN has been synthesized and characterized.
In the selected crystal, the title compound (I) crystallizes in a chiral space group P213 and Flack parameter of 0.01 (3) indicates that a spontaneous resolution has been achieved during crystallization. As depicted in Fig. 1, the NiII center in the complex cation lies on a three–fold rotation axis and three amine N atoms from facially coordinated TACN and three water molecules complete the slightly distorted octahedral arrangement. Upon coordination, three five–membered Ni—N—C—C—N chelating rings subtended at metal center adopt (λλλ) conformation, which is the source of the chirality of the crystal. Ni—N [2.091 (3) Å] and Ni—O [2.089 (3) Å] bond lengths are both in the normal ranges, meanwhile N—Ni—N bond angle is smaller than that of O—Ni—O due to the small size of TACN ring. Counter–ions NO3- and Br- interconnect neighbouring cations by O—H···O hydrogen bond and O—H···Br- weak interaction (Table 1) into three–dimensional supramolecular network (Fig. 2).