organic compounds
N-(3-Nitrophenyl)maleamic acid
aDepartment of Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri 574 199, Mangalore, India, bFaculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, and cInstitute of Materials Science, Darmstadt University of Technology, Petersenstrasse 23, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
*Correspondence e-mail: gowdabt@yahoo.com
In the title compound, C10H8N2O5, the molecule is slightly distorted from planarity. The molecular structure is stabilized by two intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The first is a short O—H⋯O hydrogen bond (H⋯O distance = 1.57 Å) within the maleamic acid unit and the second is a C—H⋯O hydrogen bond (H⋯O distance = 2.24 Å) which connects the amide group with the benzene ring. The nitro group is twisted by 6.2 (2)° out of the plane of the benzene ring. The manifests a variety of hydrogen bonding. The packing is dominated by a strong intermolecular N—H⋯O interaction which links the molecules into chains running along the b axis. The chains within a plane are further assembled by three additional types of intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to form a sheet parallel to the (01) plane.
Related literature
For studies on the effect of ring- and side-chain substitutions on the crystal structures of et al. (2010); Gowda et al. (2010a,b); Prasad et al. (2002). For hydrogen-bond motifs, see: Bernstein et al. (1995).
see: Gowda, Tokarčík, KožíšekExperimental
Crystal data
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Refinement
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Data collection: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); cell CrysAlis PRO; data reduction: CrysAlis PRO; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997) and DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 2002); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97, PLATON (Spek, 2009) and WinGX (Farrugia, 1999).
Supporting information
10.1107/S1600536810022245/ds2039sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810022245/ds2039Isup2.hkl
The solution of maleic anhydride (0.025 mol) in toluene (25 ml) was treated dropwise with the solution of 3-nitroaniline (0.025 mol) also in toluene (20 ml) with constant stirring. The resulting mixture was warmed with stirring for over 30 min and set aside for an additional 30 min at room temperature for completion of the reaction. The mixture was then treated with dilute hydrochloric acid to remove the unreacted 3-nitroaniline. The resultant solid N-(3-nitrophenyl)maleamic acid was filtered under suction and washed thoroughly with water to remove the unreacted maleic anhydride and maleic acid. It was recrystallized to constant melting point from ethanol. The purity of the compound was checked by elemental analysis and characterized by its infrared spectra.
Prism like light brown single crystals used in X-ray diffraction studies were grown in an ethanol solution by slow evaporation at room temperature.
All H atoms were visible in difference maps. The positions of carboxyl and amide H atoms were tested in preliminary
using a soft restraints on the O–H and N–H distances. Finally, all H atoms were positioned with idealized geometry using a riding model with the distances C–H = 0.93 Å, N–H = 0.86 Å and O–H = 0.93 Å. The Uiso(H) values were set at 1.2Ueq(C aromatic, N) and 1.5Ueq(O).Data collection: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); cell
CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); data reduction: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997) and DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 2002); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), PLATON (Spek, 2009) and WinGX (Farrugia, 1999).Fig. 1. Molecular structure of (I) showing the atom labelling scheme. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 30% probability level. Two short intramolecular bonds are indicated by dashed lines. H atoms are represented as small spheres of arbitrary radii. | |
Fig. 2. Part of crystal structure of (I) viewed down the a axis and showing a two-dimensional network of molecules linked by several types of intermolecular N–H···O and C–H···O hydrogen bonds (dashed lines). Symmetry codes (i): -x + 1, y - 1/2, -z + 3/2; (ii): x + 1, y, z + 1; (iii): -x, y - 1/2, -z + 1/2. |
C10H8N2O5 | F(000) = 488 |
Mr = 236.18 | Dx = 1.561 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: -P 2ybc | Cell parameters from 10218 reflections |
a = 7.9965 (2) Å | θ = 2.3–29.4° |
b = 14.0253 (3) Å | µ = 0.13 mm−1 |
c = 9.1026 (2) Å | T = 295 K |
β = 100.147 (3)° | Prism, light brown |
V = 1004.92 (4) Å3 | 0.57 × 0.33 × 0.28 mm |
Z = 4 |
Oxford Diffraction Gemini R CCD diffractometer | 1793 independent reflections |
Graphite monochromator | 1544 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Detector resolution: 10.434 pixels mm-1 | Rint = 0.023 |
ω scans | θmax = 25.1°, θmin = 2.6° |
Absorption correction: analytical (CrysAlis PRO; Oxford Diffraction, 2009) | h = −9→9 |
Tmin = 0.926, Tmax = 0.971 | k = −16→16 |
17136 measured reflections | l = −10→10 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.034 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.097 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.08 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0618P)2 + 0.1002P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
1793 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
154 parameters | Δρmax = 0.15 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.19 e Å−3 |
C10H8N2O5 | V = 1004.92 (4) Å3 |
Mr = 236.18 | Z = 4 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 7.9965 (2) Å | µ = 0.13 mm−1 |
b = 14.0253 (3) Å | T = 295 K |
c = 9.1026 (2) Å | 0.57 × 0.33 × 0.28 mm |
β = 100.147 (3)° |
Oxford Diffraction Gemini R CCD diffractometer | 1793 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: analytical (CrysAlis PRO; Oxford Diffraction, 2009) | 1544 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.926, Tmax = 0.971 | Rint = 0.023 |
17136 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.034 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.097 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.08 | Δρmax = 0.15 e Å−3 |
1793 reflections | Δρmin = −0.19 e Å−3 |
154 parameters |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
C1 | 0.30465 (16) | 0.37499 (8) | 0.57539 (15) | 0.0361 (3) | |
C2 | 0.44044 (17) | 0.38197 (9) | 0.70806 (15) | 0.0406 (3) | |
H2 | 0.4755 | 0.3245 | 0.7543 | 0.049* | |
C3 | 0.51952 (16) | 0.45956 (10) | 0.77048 (15) | 0.0418 (3) | |
H3 | 0.5991 | 0.4471 | 0.8559 | 0.05* | |
C4 | 0.50454 (17) | 0.56183 (10) | 0.72945 (15) | 0.0421 (3) | |
C5 | 0.13141 (15) | 0.25342 (9) | 0.41799 (14) | 0.0342 (3) | |
C6 | 0.02666 (15) | 0.31456 (9) | 0.32224 (14) | 0.0365 (3) | |
H6 | 0.0378 | 0.3804 | 0.3312 | 0.044* | |
C7 | −0.09413 (16) | 0.27380 (9) | 0.21369 (13) | 0.0357 (3) | |
C8 | −0.11652 (17) | 0.17731 (9) | 0.19464 (16) | 0.0422 (3) | |
H8 | −0.1995 | 0.1528 | 0.1196 | 0.051* | |
C9 | −0.01165 (19) | 0.11799 (9) | 0.29057 (17) | 0.0476 (4) | |
H9 | −0.0236 | 0.0522 | 0.2806 | 0.057* | |
C10 | 0.11119 (17) | 0.15542 (9) | 0.40145 (15) | 0.0417 (3) | |
H10 | 0.181 | 0.1146 | 0.4656 | 0.05* | |
N1 | 0.25906 (14) | 0.28534 (7) | 0.53544 (12) | 0.0389 (3) | |
H1N | 0.3151 | 0.2413 | 0.5885 | 0.047* | |
N2 | −0.20553 (14) | 0.33698 (8) | 0.11149 (12) | 0.0442 (3) | |
O1 | 0.23643 (13) | 0.44532 (6) | 0.50694 (11) | 0.0487 (3) | |
O2 | 0.38964 (13) | 0.59058 (7) | 0.61814 (12) | 0.0547 (3) | |
H2A | 0.3292 | 0.5383 | 0.5739 | 0.082* | |
O3 | 0.60038 (15) | 0.61868 (8) | 0.80038 (13) | 0.0649 (3) | |
O4 | −0.17942 (14) | 0.42253 (7) | 0.11665 (12) | 0.0596 (3) | |
O5 | −0.32118 (15) | 0.30062 (8) | 0.02350 (14) | 0.0752 (4) |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
C1 | 0.0377 (7) | 0.0306 (7) | 0.0363 (7) | 0.0005 (5) | −0.0039 (6) | 0.0012 (5) |
C2 | 0.0439 (7) | 0.0332 (7) | 0.0393 (7) | 0.0036 (5) | −0.0078 (6) | 0.0031 (5) |
C3 | 0.0418 (7) | 0.0415 (8) | 0.0355 (7) | 0.0014 (5) | −0.0115 (6) | −0.0003 (6) |
C4 | 0.0467 (8) | 0.0376 (7) | 0.0381 (7) | −0.0022 (6) | −0.0034 (6) | −0.0044 (6) |
C5 | 0.0359 (7) | 0.0313 (7) | 0.0326 (7) | −0.0003 (5) | −0.0018 (5) | −0.0013 (5) |
C6 | 0.0406 (7) | 0.0278 (6) | 0.0373 (7) | −0.0016 (5) | −0.0035 (6) | −0.0011 (5) |
C7 | 0.0372 (7) | 0.0336 (7) | 0.0334 (7) | 0.0013 (5) | −0.0014 (5) | 0.0014 (5) |
C8 | 0.0431 (7) | 0.0354 (7) | 0.0429 (7) | −0.0039 (5) | −0.0069 (6) | −0.0052 (5) |
C9 | 0.0559 (9) | 0.0260 (7) | 0.0547 (9) | −0.0017 (6) | −0.0071 (7) | −0.0031 (6) |
C10 | 0.0452 (7) | 0.0310 (7) | 0.0441 (7) | 0.0027 (5) | −0.0050 (6) | 0.0023 (6) |
N1 | 0.0424 (6) | 0.0290 (5) | 0.0388 (6) | 0.0021 (4) | −0.0106 (5) | 0.0024 (4) |
N2 | 0.0475 (7) | 0.0373 (7) | 0.0413 (6) | 0.0004 (5) | −0.0100 (5) | 0.0006 (5) |
O1 | 0.0556 (6) | 0.0307 (5) | 0.0493 (6) | 0.0003 (4) | −0.0201 (5) | 0.0031 (4) |
O2 | 0.0659 (7) | 0.0326 (6) | 0.0549 (6) | −0.0029 (4) | −0.0190 (5) | 0.0035 (4) |
O3 | 0.0759 (8) | 0.0444 (6) | 0.0630 (7) | −0.0147 (5) | −0.0195 (6) | −0.0104 (5) |
O4 | 0.0713 (7) | 0.0326 (6) | 0.0637 (7) | −0.0011 (5) | −0.0194 (5) | 0.0051 (5) |
O5 | 0.0769 (8) | 0.0490 (7) | 0.0778 (8) | −0.0031 (6) | −0.0463 (7) | 0.0003 (6) |
C1—O1 | 1.2406 (15) | C6—H6 | 0.93 |
C1—N1 | 1.3414 (16) | C7—C8 | 1.3721 (18) |
C1—C2 | 1.4782 (19) | C7—N2 | 1.4670 (16) |
C2—C3 | 1.3343 (19) | C8—C9 | 1.378 (2) |
C2—H2 | 0.93 | C8—H8 | 0.93 |
C3—C4 | 1.4817 (19) | C9—C10 | 1.3820 (19) |
C3—H3 | 0.93 | C9—H9 | 0.93 |
C4—O3 | 1.2106 (17) | C10—H10 | 0.93 |
C4—O2 | 1.3059 (17) | N1—H1N | 0.86 |
C5—C10 | 1.3890 (18) | N2—O4 | 1.2174 (15) |
C5—C6 | 1.3925 (17) | N2—O5 | 1.2231 (15) |
C5—N1 | 1.4145 (16) | O2—H2A | 0.93 |
C6—C7 | 1.3784 (17) | ||
O1—C1—N1 | 122.32 (12) | C8—C7—N2 | 117.68 (11) |
O1—C1—C2 | 123.53 (11) | C6—C7—N2 | 118.33 (11) |
N1—C1—C2 | 114.14 (10) | C7—C8—C9 | 117.64 (12) |
C3—C2—C1 | 128.80 (12) | C7—C8—H8 | 121.2 |
C3—C2—H2 | 115.6 | C9—C8—H8 | 121.2 |
C1—C2—H2 | 115.6 | C8—C9—C10 | 120.55 (12) |
C2—C3—C4 | 132.14 (13) | C8—C9—H9 | 119.7 |
C2—C3—H3 | 113.9 | C10—C9—H9 | 119.7 |
C4—C3—H3 | 113.9 | C9—C10—C5 | 120.61 (12) |
O3—C4—O2 | 120.21 (13) | C9—C10—H10 | 119.7 |
O3—C4—C3 | 119.18 (13) | C5—C10—H10 | 119.7 |
O2—C4—C3 | 120.60 (12) | C1—N1—C5 | 128.83 (11) |
C10—C5—C6 | 119.72 (12) | C1—N1—H1N | 115.6 |
C10—C5—N1 | 116.73 (11) | C5—N1—H1N | 115.6 |
C6—C5—N1 | 123.54 (11) | O4—N2—O5 | 122.75 (11) |
C7—C6—C5 | 117.49 (12) | O4—N2—C7 | 119.35 (10) |
C7—C6—H6 | 121.3 | O5—N2—C7 | 117.90 (11) |
C5—C6—H6 | 121.3 | C4—O2—H2A | 109.5 |
C8—C7—C6 | 123.99 (12) | ||
O1—C1—C2—C3 | −4.7 (2) | C8—C9—C10—C5 | −0.1 (2) |
N1—C1—C2—C3 | 176.01 (13) | C6—C5—C10—C9 | 0.2 (2) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | −1.9 (3) | N1—C5—C10—C9 | 179.35 (12) |
C2—C3—C4—O3 | −175.18 (15) | O1—C1—N1—C5 | −1.3 (2) |
C2—C3—C4—O2 | 4.8 (2) | C2—C1—N1—C5 | 177.97 (11) |
C10—C5—C6—C7 | −0.04 (18) | C10—C5—N1—C1 | 179.91 (12) |
N1—C5—C6—C7 | −179.15 (11) | C6—C5—N1—C1 | −1.0 (2) |
C5—C6—C7—C8 | −0.15 (19) | C8—C7—N2—O4 | −173.53 (12) |
C5—C6—C7—N2 | −179.87 (11) | C6—C7—N2—O4 | 6.21 (18) |
C6—C7—C8—C9 | 0.2 (2) | C8—C7—N2—O5 | 6.09 (18) |
N2—C7—C8—C9 | 179.91 (12) | C6—C7—N2—O5 | −174.17 (12) |
C7—C8—C9—C10 | 0.0 (2) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O2—H2A···O1 | 0.93 | 1.57 | 2.4978 (13) | 176 |
C6—H6···O1 | 0.93 | 2.24 | 2.8302 (15) | 121 |
N1—H1N···O3i | 0.86 | 2.05 | 2.8929 (14) | 167 |
C10—H10···O3i | 0.93 | 2.51 | 3.2781 (17) | 140 |
C3—H3···O5ii | 0.93 | 2.57 | 3.2959 (17) | 135 |
C9—H9···O4iii | 0.93 | 2.51 | 3.1793 (17) | 129 |
C8—H8···O2iii | 0.93 | 2.57 | 3.4877 (17) | 170 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, y−1/2, −z+3/2; (ii) x+1, y, z+1; (iii) −x, y−1/2, −z+1/2. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C10H8N2O5 |
Mr | 236.18 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, P21/c |
Temperature (K) | 295 |
a, b, c (Å) | 7.9965 (2), 14.0253 (3), 9.1026 (2) |
β (°) | 100.147 (3) |
V (Å3) | 1004.92 (4) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.13 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.57 × 0.33 × 0.28 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Oxford Diffraction Gemini R CCD diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Analytical (CrysAlis PRO; Oxford Diffraction, 2009) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.926, 0.971 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 17136, 1793, 1544 |
Rint | 0.023 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.597 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.034, 0.097, 1.08 |
No. of reflections | 1793 |
No. of parameters | 154 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.15, −0.19 |
Computer programs: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997) and DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 2002), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), PLATON (Spek, 2009) and WinGX (Farrugia, 1999).
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O2—H2A···O1 | 0.93 | 1.57 | 2.4978 (13) | 176 |
C6—H6···O1 | 0.93 | 2.24 | 2.8302 (15) | 121 |
N1—H1N···O3i | 0.86 | 2.05 | 2.8929 (14) | 167 |
C10—H10···O3i | 0.93 | 2.51 | 3.2781 (17) | 140 |
C3—H3···O5ii | 0.93 | 2.57 | 3.2959 (17) | 135 |
C9—H9···O4iii | 0.93 | 2.51 | 3.1793 (17) | 129 |
C8—H8···O2iii | 0.93 | 2.57 | 3.4877 (17) | 170 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, y−1/2, −z+3/2; (ii) x+1, y, z+1; (iii) −x, y−1/2, −z+1/2. |
Acknowledgements
MT and JK thank the Grant Agency of the Slovak Republic (VEGA 1/0817/08) and Structural Funds, Interreg IIIA, for financial support in purchasing the diffractometer. KS thanks the University Grants Commission, Government of India, New Delhi, for the award of a research fellowship under its faculty improvement program.
References
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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are cited.
In the present study, as a part of studying the effect of ring and side chain substitutions on the crystal structures of biologically significant amides (Gowda et al., 2010a,b,c; Prasad et al., 2002), the crystal structure of N-(3-nitrophenyl)maleamic acid (I) has been determined (Fig. 1). The conformation of the N—H in the amide segment is anti to the C=O bond and is also anti to the meta-nitro group in the phenyl ring.
In the maleamic acid moiety, the amide C=O bond is anti to the adjacent C—H bond, while the carboxyl C=O bond is syn to the adjacent C—H bond. The observed rare anti conformation of the C=O and O—H bonds of the acid group is similar to that obsrved in N-(2-methylphenyl)-maleamic acid (Gowda et al., 2010b), N-(3-chlorophenyl)-maleamic acid (Gowda et al., 2010c) and N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)- maleamic acid (Gowda et al., 2010a).
The molecule in (I) is slightly distorted from planarity as indicated by the dihedral angle of 4.5 (1)° between the least squares planes of the maleamic acid unit (r.m.s. deviation of 0.050 Å) and the phenyl ring. The molecular structure (Fig. 1) is stabilized by two intramolecular hydrogen bonds (Table 1). The first is a short O–H···O hydrogen bond ((H···O distance of 1.57 Å) within the maleamic acid unit; the second one is a C–H···O hydrogen bond (H···O distance of 2.24 Å) which connects the amide group with the phenyl ring. The nitro group - known to be a strong electron- withdrawing substituent - opens up the ipso C–C–C angle and narrows the two adjacent intracyclic angles. This fact is evident from the intracyclic bond angles C6–C7–C8, C5–C6–C7 and C7–C8–C9 of 123.99 (12)°, 117.49 (12)° and 117.64 (12)° respectively. The nitro group is twisted 6.2 (2)° out of the plane of the phenyl ring.
The crystal structure (Fig. 2) manifests a variety of hydrogen bonding. The packing is dominated by a strong intermolecular N–H···O interaction (H···O distance of 2.05 Å) which links the molecules into the chains running along the b axis. The chains within a plane are further assembled by additional three types of intermolecular C–H···O hydrogen bonds to form a sheet parallel to the (-1 0 1) plane (Bernstein et al., 1995).