organic compounds
2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)quinoxaline
aDepartment of Chemistry, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, CT 06053, USA
*Correspondence e-mail: crundwellg@mail.ccsu.edu
The title compound, C22H17ClN2O2, was synthesized by the condensation reaction between 1,2-phenylenediamine and 2-chloro-3′,4′-dimethoxybenzil in boiling acetic acid. The chlorophenyl and dimethoxyphenyl rings make dihedral angles of 78.45 (5) and 35.60 (4)°, respectively, with the quinoxaline unit.
Related literature
N-heterocyclic aromatic compounds are of current interest as ligands in one- and two-dimensional coordination polymers with silver, see: Fitchett & Steel (2006). The quinoxaline moiety yields a wide variety of potential bidentate bridges in polymeric networks with silver, see: Patra et al. (2007). For the synthesis and characterization of quinoxalines, see: Crundwell & Stacy (2005), of benzo[g]quinoxalines, see: Cantalupo et al. (2006) and of pyrazino[2,3-g]quinoxalines, see: Bellizzi et al. (2006).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Data collection: CrysAlis CCD (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); cell CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); data reduction: CrysAlis RED; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).
Supporting information
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536810024864/ds2038sup1.cif
contains datablocks global, I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536810024864/ds2038Isup2.hkl
To a 100 mL round bottom flask equipped with a Hickman still and a reflux condenser was combined 0.1556 g (1.46 mmol) 1,2-phenylenediamine and 0.4465 g (1.46 mmol) of 2-chloro-3',4'-dimethoxybenzil in 50 mL of concentrated acetic acid.
The mixture was refluxed for 16 h and the resulting solution was chilled then filtered to produce a pale yellow solid. The solid was recrystallized from a 50/50 mixture of toluene and ethanol to yield 0.312 g of 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-quinoxaline (56.5%).
mp 407.8; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.193 (ddd, 2H, J = 7.2 Hz, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 0.6 Hz), 7.797 (ddt, 2H, J = 7.2 Hz, J = 6.9 Hz, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.528 (ddd, 1H, J = 5.7 Hz, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.372 (m, 3H), 7.210 (dd, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.014 (d, 1H, J = 2.1 Hz), 6.818 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 3.878 (s, 3H), 3.657 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 153.15, 151.93, 149.77, 148.31, 141.76, 140.54, 139.02, 133.11, 131.27, 130.83, 130.39, 130.04, 129.88, 129.74, 129.22, 129.19, 127.13, 122.69, 112.43, 110.76, 55.84, 55.62.
Hydrogen atoms were included in calculated positions with a C—H distance of 0.95 Å and were included in the
in riding motion approximation with Uiso = 1.2Ueq of the carrier atom.N-heterocyclic aromatic compounds are of current interest as ligands in one- and two-dimensional coordination polymers with silver (Fitchett et al., 2006). The quinoxaline moiety specifically is an enticing aromatic heterocycle since it is readily formed via condensation reactions between diketones and di- or tetra-amines and it yields a wide variety of potential bidentate bridges in polymeric networks with silver (Patra et al., 2007).
The Crundwell lab has synthesized and characterized many quinoxalines (Crundwell et al., 2005), benzo[g]quinoxalines (Cantalupo et al., 2006), and pyrazino[2,3-g]quinoxalines (Bellizzi et al., 2006) as potential metal ligands. The title compound was formed by the condensation of two commercial products: 1,2-phenylenediamine and 2-chloro-3',4'-dimethoxybenzil. The resulting quinoxaline had bond lengths that fell within expectated values and had ring torsion angles of 78.45 (5)° and 35.60 (4)° with respect to the planar quinoxaline moiety.
N-heterocyclic aromatic compounds are of current interest as ligands in one- and two-dimensional coordination polymers with silver, see: Fitchett & Steel (2006). The quinoxaline moiety yields a wide variety of potential bidentate bridges in polymeric networks with silver, see: Patra et al. (2007). For the synthesis and characterization of quinoxalines, see: Crundwell & Stacy (2005), of benzo[g]quinoxalines, see: Cantalupo et al. (2006) and of pyrazino[2,3-g]quinoxalines, see: Bellizzi et al. (2006).
Data collection: CrysAlis CCD (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); cell
CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); data reduction: CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).Fig. 1. A view of the title compound (Farrugia, 1997). Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level. |
C22H17ClN2O2 | F(000) = 784 |
Mr = 376.83 | Dx = 1.338 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Melting point: 407.8 K |
Hall symbol: -P 2ybc | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
a = 14.6741 (13) Å | Cell parameters from 11257 reflections |
b = 7.9731 (7) Å | θ = 4.3–34.1° |
c = 21.6996 (17) Å | µ = 0.22 mm−1 |
β = 132.560 (6)° | T = 293 K |
V = 1870.0 (3) Å3 | Block, yellow |
Z = 4 | 0.42 × 0.24 × 0.19 mm |
Oxford Diffraction Xcalibur Sapphire3 diffractometer | 7159 independent reflections |
Radiation source: Enhance (Mo) X-ray Source | 4223 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.051 |
Detector resolution: 16.1790 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 33.9°, θmin = 4.4° |
ω scans | h = −22→22 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Oxford Diffraction, 2009) | k = −12→12 |
Tmin = 0.699, Tmax = 1.000 | l = −33→33 |
46880 measured reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.069 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.202 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.03 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0955P)2 + 0.4554P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
7159 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
246 parameters | Δρmax = 0.41 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.37 e Å−3 |
C22H17ClN2O2 | V = 1870.0 (3) Å3 |
Mr = 376.83 | Z = 4 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 14.6741 (13) Å | µ = 0.22 mm−1 |
b = 7.9731 (7) Å | T = 293 K |
c = 21.6996 (17) Å | 0.42 × 0.24 × 0.19 mm |
β = 132.560 (6)° |
Oxford Diffraction Xcalibur Sapphire3 diffractometer | 7159 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Oxford Diffraction, 2009) | 4223 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.699, Tmax = 1.000 | Rint = 0.051 |
46880 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.069 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.202 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.03 | Δρmax = 0.41 e Å−3 |
7159 reflections | Δρmin = −0.37 e Å−3 |
246 parameters |
Experimental. Hydrogen atoms were included in calculated positions with a C—H distance of 0.95 Å and were included in the refinement in riding motion approximation with Uiso = 1.2Ueq of the carrier atom. CrysAlisPro (Oxford Diffraction Ltd., 2009) Empirical absorption correction using spherical harmonics, implemented in SCALE3 ABSPACK scaling algorithm. |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
C1 | 0.25132 (14) | 0.6495 (2) | 0.51893 (9) | 0.0385 (3) | |
N1 | 0.34516 (13) | 0.7171 (2) | 0.59164 (8) | 0.0450 (3) | |
C2 | 0.12494 (14) | 0.6840 (2) | 0.47750 (9) | 0.0370 (3) | |
N2 | 0.09944 (13) | 0.7886 (2) | 0.51157 (8) | 0.0442 (3) | |
C3 | 0.19586 (15) | 0.8590 (2) | 0.58719 (9) | 0.0408 (3) | |
C4 | 0.17061 (19) | 0.9715 (3) | 0.62465 (12) | 0.0566 (5) | |
H4 | 0.0893 | 0.9985 | 0.5973 | 0.068* | |
C5 | 0.2658 (2) | 1.0397 (3) | 0.70076 (12) | 0.0597 (5) | |
H5 | 0.2490 | 1.1132 | 0.7253 | 0.072* | |
C6 | 0.3897 (2) | 1.0000 (3) | 0.74291 (12) | 0.0583 (5) | |
H6 | 0.4537 | 1.0465 | 0.7952 | 0.070* | |
C7 | 0.41593 (18) | 0.8936 (3) | 0.70727 (11) | 0.0537 (5) | |
H7 | 0.4978 | 0.8684 | 0.7352 | 0.064* | |
C8 | 0.31893 (15) | 0.8217 (2) | 0.62808 (9) | 0.0410 (3) | |
C9 | 0.28488 (14) | 0.5376 (2) | 0.48137 (9) | 0.0413 (4) | |
C10 | 0.27772 (17) | 0.3643 (3) | 0.48187 (11) | 0.0501 (4) | |
C11 | 0.30563 (18) | 0.2628 (3) | 0.44390 (13) | 0.0590 (5) | |
H11 | 0.3005 | 0.1466 | 0.4446 | 0.071* | |
C12 | 0.34054 (19) | 0.3366 (3) | 0.40569 (13) | 0.0647 (6) | |
H12 | 0.3583 | 0.2700 | 0.3798 | 0.078* | |
C13 | 0.3498 (2) | 0.5088 (3) | 0.40510 (14) | 0.0652 (6) | |
H13 | 0.3744 | 0.5565 | 0.3792 | 0.078* | |
C14 | 0.32275 (16) | 0.6126 (3) | 0.44284 (12) | 0.0524 (4) | |
H14 | 0.3295 | 0.7285 | 0.4426 | 0.063* | |
Cl1 | 0.23549 (8) | 0.27027 (8) | 0.53138 (5) | 0.0854 (2) | |
C15 | 0.01547 (14) | 0.6069 (2) | 0.39677 (9) | 0.0379 (3) | |
C16 | 0.00943 (14) | 0.5764 (2) | 0.33031 (10) | 0.0396 (3) | |
H16 | 0.0777 | 0.6000 | 0.3370 | 0.047* | |
C17 | −0.09655 (14) | 0.5118 (2) | 0.25514 (10) | 0.0397 (3) | |
C18 | −0.20106 (15) | 0.4789 (2) | 0.24403 (10) | 0.0422 (4) | |
C19 | −0.19425 (16) | 0.5068 (2) | 0.30999 (11) | 0.0474 (4) | |
H19 | −0.2622 | 0.4826 | 0.3036 | 0.057* | |
C20 | −0.08736 (16) | 0.5706 (2) | 0.38564 (11) | 0.0457 (4) | |
H20 | −0.0847 | 0.5891 | 0.4291 | 0.055* | |
O1 | −0.10954 (11) | 0.47659 (19) | 0.18770 (8) | 0.0534 (3) | |
C21 | −0.0123 (2) | 0.5263 (3) | 0.19222 (14) | 0.0655 (6) | |
H21A | 0.0016 | 0.6447 | 0.2027 | 0.098* | |
H21B | −0.0346 | 0.5012 | 0.1402 | 0.098* | |
H21C | 0.0618 | 0.4667 | 0.2368 | 0.098* | |
O2 | −0.30319 (12) | 0.42185 (19) | 0.16651 (8) | 0.0567 (4) | |
C22 | −0.4155 (2) | 0.4121 (4) | 0.14824 (15) | 0.0743 (7) | |
H22A | −0.4075 | 0.3313 | 0.1845 | 0.111* | |
H22B | −0.4808 | 0.3785 | 0.0910 | 0.111* | |
H22C | −0.4345 | 0.5199 | 0.1568 | 0.111* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
C1 | 0.0357 (7) | 0.0417 (8) | 0.0320 (7) | 0.0051 (6) | 0.0204 (6) | 0.0026 (6) |
N1 | 0.0359 (6) | 0.0552 (9) | 0.0349 (6) | 0.0019 (6) | 0.0203 (6) | −0.0007 (6) |
C2 | 0.0338 (7) | 0.0411 (8) | 0.0293 (6) | 0.0050 (6) | 0.0186 (6) | 0.0025 (6) |
N2 | 0.0368 (6) | 0.0536 (8) | 0.0321 (6) | 0.0080 (6) | 0.0193 (5) | −0.0007 (6) |
C3 | 0.0417 (8) | 0.0429 (8) | 0.0317 (7) | 0.0051 (6) | 0.0223 (6) | 0.0019 (6) |
C4 | 0.0561 (11) | 0.0628 (12) | 0.0428 (9) | 0.0140 (9) | 0.0302 (9) | −0.0030 (8) |
C5 | 0.0749 (13) | 0.0549 (11) | 0.0437 (9) | 0.0048 (10) | 0.0378 (10) | −0.0061 (8) |
C6 | 0.0662 (12) | 0.0590 (12) | 0.0391 (8) | −0.0155 (10) | 0.0315 (9) | −0.0108 (8) |
C7 | 0.0441 (9) | 0.0661 (12) | 0.0392 (8) | −0.0103 (8) | 0.0235 (7) | −0.0077 (8) |
C8 | 0.0394 (8) | 0.0446 (8) | 0.0327 (7) | −0.0015 (6) | 0.0218 (6) | 0.0007 (6) |
C9 | 0.0316 (7) | 0.0486 (9) | 0.0331 (7) | 0.0069 (6) | 0.0176 (6) | 0.0021 (6) |
C10 | 0.0454 (9) | 0.0512 (10) | 0.0430 (8) | 0.0113 (8) | 0.0256 (7) | 0.0072 (7) |
C11 | 0.0497 (10) | 0.0554 (11) | 0.0498 (10) | 0.0138 (8) | 0.0248 (9) | −0.0027 (8) |
C12 | 0.0530 (11) | 0.0824 (16) | 0.0535 (11) | 0.0104 (10) | 0.0339 (10) | −0.0119 (10) |
C13 | 0.0634 (12) | 0.0839 (16) | 0.0655 (13) | −0.0011 (11) | 0.0504 (11) | −0.0087 (11) |
C14 | 0.0441 (9) | 0.0675 (12) | 0.0512 (10) | 0.0010 (8) | 0.0345 (8) | −0.0038 (9) |
Cl1 | 0.1261 (6) | 0.0590 (4) | 0.1054 (5) | 0.0107 (3) | 0.0921 (5) | 0.0207 (3) |
C15 | 0.0331 (7) | 0.0407 (8) | 0.0318 (7) | 0.0055 (6) | 0.0187 (6) | 0.0020 (6) |
C16 | 0.0323 (7) | 0.0445 (8) | 0.0358 (7) | 0.0019 (6) | 0.0206 (6) | −0.0008 (6) |
C17 | 0.0379 (7) | 0.0402 (8) | 0.0350 (7) | 0.0024 (6) | 0.0222 (6) | −0.0015 (6) |
C18 | 0.0361 (7) | 0.0378 (8) | 0.0403 (8) | −0.0029 (6) | 0.0208 (6) | −0.0038 (6) |
C19 | 0.0407 (8) | 0.0528 (10) | 0.0490 (9) | −0.0066 (7) | 0.0305 (8) | −0.0023 (8) |
C20 | 0.0433 (8) | 0.0528 (10) | 0.0413 (8) | 0.0004 (7) | 0.0287 (7) | 0.0002 (7) |
O1 | 0.0455 (7) | 0.0715 (9) | 0.0404 (6) | −0.0064 (6) | 0.0279 (6) | −0.0139 (6) |
C21 | 0.0643 (12) | 0.0865 (16) | 0.0571 (11) | −0.0110 (11) | 0.0456 (11) | −0.0154 (11) |
O2 | 0.0420 (6) | 0.0675 (9) | 0.0488 (7) | −0.0163 (6) | 0.0259 (6) | −0.0196 (6) |
C22 | 0.0475 (11) | 0.0965 (19) | 0.0659 (13) | −0.0286 (11) | 0.0332 (10) | −0.0219 (13) |
C1—N1 | 1.318 (2) | C12—H12 | 0.9300 |
C1—C2 | 1.438 (2) | C13—C14 | 1.397 (3) |
C1—C9 | 1.499 (2) | C13—H13 | 0.9300 |
N1—C8 | 1.371 (2) | C14—H14 | 0.9300 |
C2—N2 | 1.325 (2) | C15—C20 | 1.388 (2) |
C2—C15 | 1.490 (2) | C15—C16 | 1.405 (2) |
N2—C3 | 1.367 (2) | C16—C17 | 1.383 (2) |
C3—C8 | 1.403 (2) | C16—H16 | 0.9300 |
C3—C4 | 1.418 (2) | C17—O1 | 1.371 (2) |
C4—C5 | 1.362 (3) | C17—C18 | 1.407 (2) |
C4—H4 | 0.9300 | C18—O2 | 1.368 (2) |
C5—C6 | 1.411 (3) | C18—C19 | 1.384 (3) |
C5—H5 | 0.9300 | C19—C20 | 1.389 (2) |
C6—C7 | 1.367 (3) | C19—H19 | 0.9300 |
C6—H6 | 0.9300 | C20—H20 | 0.9300 |
C7—C8 | 1.414 (2) | O1—C21 | 1.419 (3) |
C7—H7 | 0.9300 | C21—H21A | 0.9600 |
C9—C10 | 1.386 (3) | C21—H21B | 0.9600 |
C9—C14 | 1.412 (3) | C21—H21C | 0.9600 |
C10—C11 | 1.400 (3) | O2—C22 | 1.412 (3) |
C10—Cl1 | 1.732 (2) | C22—H22A | 0.9600 |
C11—C12 | 1.368 (3) | C22—H22B | 0.9600 |
C11—H11 | 0.9300 | C22—H22C | 0.9600 |
C12—C13 | 1.381 (4) | ||
N1—C1—C2 | 122.11 (15) | C12—C13—C14 | 121.0 (2) |
N1—C1—C9 | 115.67 (14) | C12—C13—H13 | 119.5 |
C2—C1—C9 | 122.21 (13) | C14—C13—H13 | 119.5 |
C1—N1—C8 | 117.75 (14) | C13—C14—C9 | 118.5 (2) |
N2—C2—C1 | 120.19 (14) | C13—C14—H14 | 120.7 |
N2—C2—C15 | 115.39 (13) | C9—C14—H14 | 120.7 |
C1—C2—C15 | 124.41 (14) | C20—C15—C16 | 118.62 (14) |
C2—N2—C3 | 118.32 (14) | C20—C15—C2 | 118.11 (14) |
N2—C3—C8 | 121.09 (15) | C16—C15—C2 | 123.21 (14) |
N2—C3—C4 | 119.23 (16) | C17—C16—C15 | 121.01 (15) |
C8—C3—C4 | 119.69 (16) | C17—C16—H16 | 119.5 |
C5—C4—C3 | 119.79 (19) | C15—C16—H16 | 119.5 |
C5—C4—H4 | 120.1 | O1—C17—C16 | 124.67 (15) |
C3—C4—H4 | 120.1 | O1—C17—C18 | 115.51 (14) |
C4—C5—C6 | 120.75 (19) | C16—C17—C18 | 119.82 (15) |
C4—C5—H5 | 119.6 | O2—C18—C19 | 125.31 (16) |
C6—C5—H5 | 119.6 | O2—C18—C17 | 115.67 (16) |
C7—C6—C5 | 120.32 (17) | C19—C18—C17 | 119.02 (15) |
C7—C6—H6 | 119.8 | C18—C19—C20 | 121.00 (16) |
C5—C6—H6 | 119.8 | C18—C19—H19 | 119.5 |
C6—C7—C8 | 120.12 (18) | C20—C19—H19 | 119.5 |
C6—C7—H7 | 119.9 | C15—C20—C19 | 120.50 (16) |
C8—C7—H7 | 119.9 | C15—C20—H20 | 119.7 |
N1—C8—C3 | 120.49 (14) | C19—C20—H20 | 119.7 |
N1—C8—C7 | 120.19 (16) | C17—O1—C21 | 117.50 (14) |
C3—C8—C7 | 119.31 (17) | O1—C21—H21A | 109.5 |
C10—C9—C14 | 119.28 (17) | O1—C21—H21B | 109.5 |
C10—C9—C1 | 122.33 (16) | H21A—C21—H21B | 109.5 |
C14—C9—C1 | 118.37 (16) | O1—C21—H21C | 109.5 |
C9—C10—C11 | 121.20 (19) | H21A—C21—H21C | 109.5 |
C9—C10—Cl1 | 119.82 (15) | H21B—C21—H21C | 109.5 |
C11—C10—Cl1 | 118.97 (17) | C18—O2—C22 | 117.59 (16) |
C12—C11—C10 | 119.1 (2) | O2—C22—H22A | 109.5 |
C12—C11—H11 | 120.4 | O2—C22—H22B | 109.5 |
C10—C11—H11 | 120.4 | H22A—C22—H22B | 109.5 |
C11—C12—C13 | 120.9 (2) | O2—C22—H22C | 109.5 |
C11—C12—H12 | 119.6 | H22A—C22—H22C | 109.5 |
C13—C12—H12 | 119.6 | H22B—C22—H22C | 109.5 |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C22H17ClN2O2 |
Mr | 376.83 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, P21/c |
Temperature (K) | 293 |
a, b, c (Å) | 14.6741 (13), 7.9731 (7), 21.6996 (17) |
β (°) | 132.560 (6) |
V (Å3) | 1870.0 (3) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.22 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.42 × 0.24 × 0.19 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Oxford Diffraction Xcalibur Sapphire3 |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Oxford Diffraction, 2009) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.699, 1.000 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 46880, 7159, 4223 |
Rint | 0.051 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.784 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.069, 0.202, 1.03 |
No. of reflections | 7159 |
No. of parameters | 246 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.41, −0.37 |
Computer programs: CrysAlis CCD (Oxford Diffraction, 2009), CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2009), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).
Acknowledgements
This research was funded by a CCSU-AAUP research grant.
References
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N-heterocyclic aromatic compounds are of current interest as ligands in one- and two-dimensional coordination polymers with silver (Fitchett et al., 2006). The quinoxaline moiety specifically is an enticing aromatic heterocycle since it is readily formed via condensation reactions between diketones and di- or tetra-amines and it yields a wide variety of potential bidentate bridges in polymeric networks with silver (Patra et al., 2007).
The Crundwell lab has synthesized and characterized many quinoxalines (Crundwell et al., 2005), benzo[g]quinoxalines (Cantalupo et al., 2006), and pyrazino[2,3-g]quinoxalines (Bellizzi et al., 2006) as potential metal ligands. The title compound was formed by the condensation of two commercial products: 1,2-phenylenediamine and 2-chloro-3',4'-dimethoxybenzil. The resulting quinoxaline had bond lengths that fell within expectated values and had ring torsion angles of 78.45 (5)° and 35.60 (4)° with respect to the planar quinoxaline moiety.