organic compounds
2-(2,4-Dinitrobenzyl)pyridinium 2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzoate
aFaculty of Science and Technology, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia, and bSchool of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
*Correspondence e-mail: g.smith@qut.edu.au
In the structure of the title salt, C12H10N3O4+·C7H3N2O7−, the cations and the anions are linked by a single N+—H⋯Ocarboxyl hydrogen bond, the discrete cation–anion unit having no intermolecular associations other than weak cation–anion aromatic ring π–π interactions [ring centroid separation = 3.7320 (14) Å] and a number of weak inter-unit aromatic C—H⋯O contacts. An intramolecular C—H⋯O hydroxyl–carboxyl hydrogen bond occurs in the anion.
Related literature
For structural data on 2-(2,4-dinitrobenzyl)pyridine and related compounds, see: Seff & Trueblood (1968); Scherl et al. (1996); Naumov et al. (2002, 2005); Smith, Wermuth & Young (2010). For some structures of 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid salts of Lewis bases, see: Smith et al. (2002, 2003, 2007); Smith, Cotton et al. (2010).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Refinement
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Data collection: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); cell CrysAlis PRO; data reduction: CrysAlis PRO; program(s) used to solve structure: SIR92 (Altomare et al., 1994); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: PLATON (Spek, 2009); software used to prepare material for publication: PLATON.
Supporting information
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536810024888/ez2219sup1.cif
contains datablocks global, I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536810024888/ez2219Isup2.hkl
The title compound was synthesized by heating together under reflux for 10 minutes, 1 mmol quantities of 2-(2,4-dinitrobenzyl)pyridine and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid in 50 ml of 50% ethanol–water. After concentration to ca 30 ml, partial room temperature evaporation of the hot-filtered solution gave yellow plates (m.p. 383 K) having 90° yellow–colourless orientational dichroism in the crystals.
The two hydrogen atoms involved in hydrogen-bonding interactions were located by difference methods and were constrained in the
with the other H atoms at calculated positions [C–H = 0.93 Å (aromatic) and 0.97 Å (aliphatic)] and with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C), using a riding-model approximation. There is a larger than normal maximum residual electron density peak (0.75 e Å-3) which is located ca 1.56 Å from the nitro O atom O42).The
2-(2,4-dinitrobenzyl)pyridine (DNBP) is unusual because of its photochromic properties, undergoing a reversible solid-state colour change from colourless to deep blue on irradiation with light of wavelength 400 nm or less. This is due to giving nitro-assisted proton transfer (NAPT) involving an oxygen of the o-nitro substituent group and the pyridine N atom (Naumov et al., 2002). The structures of both the colourless form (Seff & Trueblood, 1968; Scherl et al., 1996) and the blue form (Naumov et al., 2002), have been determined as well, as that of the chloride (Naumov et al., 2005).Our reaction of DNBP with a number of aromatic carboxylic and
in aqueous ethanol has previously provided only one crystalline compound: bis[2-(2,4-dinitrobenzyl)pyridinium] biphenyl-4,4'-disulfonate trihydrate, for which the structure was reported (Smith, Wermuth & Young, 2010). A second crystalline compound was subsequently obtained from the reaction of DNBP with 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA), the title compound anhydrous C12H10N3O4+.C7H3N2O7- (I), the structure of which is reported here. DNSA has been very useful as an acid capable of producing crystalline salts with a range of both aliphatic and aromatic Lewis bases and the structures of a large number of these are reported in the crystallographic literature, e.g. Smith et al. (2002, 2003, 2007) and Smith, Cotton et al. (2010).With compound (I) (Fig. 1), a single cation–anion N+–H···Ocarboxyl hydrogen bond together with a weak aliphatic C–H···Ocarboxyl association (C71–H···O11A) (Table 1), form discrete cation–anion units. These units have no intermolecular interactions other than mostly weak aromatic C–H···O contacts [one is strong: C6–H···O31Aiii: symmetry code (iii), -x + 1, -y + 1, -z + 1], and also weak cation–anion π–π aromatic ring associations [ring centroid separation for C11–C61 to C1A–C6A, 3.7320 (14) Å] down the a axial direction (Fig. 2).
With the DNBP cation both nitro groups are rotated out of the plane of the benzene ring [torsion angles C11–C21–N21–O22, -151.4 (2)° and C31–C41–N41–O42, 149.9 (2)°]. In the DNSA anion, within the intramolecular hydroxyl–carboxyl hydrogen bond, the H atom is located on the hydroxyl group rather than being anti-related on the carboxyl group. (I) is only one of the ca 30% of the known examples of DNSA salts having this (Smith et al., 2007). The carboxyl group, as expected, is close to planar with the benzene ring [torsion angle C2A–C1A–C11A–O11A, 175.0 (2)°], while one nitro group is close to coplanar [torsion angle C4A–C5A–C51A–O52A, 177.6 (2)°], the other being rotated out of the plane [torsion angle C2A–C3A–C31A–O32A, -159.1 (2)°]. In the structure there is a short nonbonded contact across an inversion centre [O42···O42iv, 2.897 (3) Å: symmetry code (iv) -x + 1, -y, -z + 1], this O atom being associated with the large electron density maximum (0.75 e Å-3).
For structural data on 2-(2,4-dinitrobenzyl)pyridine and related compounds, see: Seff & Trueblood (1968); Scherl et al. (1996); Naumov et al. (2002, 2005); Smith, Wermuth & Young (2010). For some structures of 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid salts of Lewis bases, see: Smith et al. (2002, 2003, 2007); Smith, Cotton et al. (2010).
Data collection: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); cell
CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); data reduction: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); program(s) used to solve structure: SIR92 (Altomare et al., 1994); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: PLATON (Spek, 2009); software used to prepare material for publication: PLATON (Spek, 2009).Fig. 1. Molecular configuration and atom naming scheme for the DNBP cation and the DNSA anion in the asymmetric unit of (I), with the hydrogen bonds shown as a dashed lines. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level. | |
Fig. 2. The packing of the cation–anion pairs in the unit cell viewed down the a cell direction. Non-interactive H atoms are omitted. |
C12H10N3O4+·C7H3N2O7− | F(000) = 1000 |
Mr = 487.34 | Dx = 1.627 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Melting point: 383 K |
Hall symbol: -P 2ybc | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
a = 7.1550 (2) Å | Cell parameters from 6248 reflections |
b = 21.7356 (5) Å | θ = 3.1–28.7° |
c = 13.2080 (4) Å | µ = 0.14 mm−1 |
β = 104.424 (3)° | T = 200 K |
V = 1989.34 (10) Å3 | Plate, yellow |
Z = 4 | 0.40 × 0.35 × 0.18 mm |
Oxford Diffraction Gemini-S CCD-detector diffractometer | 3910 independent reflections |
Radiation source: Enhance (Mo) X-ray source | 2865 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.025 |
ω scans | θmax = 26.0°, θmin = 3.1° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996) | h = −8→5 |
Tmin = 0.960, Tmax = 0.982 | k = −26→26 |
13759 measured reflections | l = −16→16 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.051 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.153 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.08 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0819P)2 + 0.673P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
3910 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
320 parameters | Δρmax = 0.75 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.32 e Å−3 |
C12H10N3O4+·C7H3N2O7− | V = 1989.34 (10) Å3 |
Mr = 487.34 | Z = 4 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 7.1550 (2) Å | µ = 0.14 mm−1 |
b = 21.7356 (5) Å | T = 200 K |
c = 13.2080 (4) Å | 0.40 × 0.35 × 0.18 mm |
β = 104.424 (3)° |
Oxford Diffraction Gemini-S CCD-detector diffractometer | 3910 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996) | 2865 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.960, Tmax = 0.982 | Rint = 0.025 |
13759 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.051 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.153 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.08 | Δρmax = 0.75 e Å−3 |
3910 reflections | Δρmin = −0.32 e Å−3 |
320 parameters |
Geometry. Bond distances, angles etc. have been calculated using the rounded fractional coordinates. All su's are estimated from the variances of the (full) variance-covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account in the estimation of distances, angles and torsion angles |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
O21 | 1.2566 (3) | 0.22969 (10) | 0.63986 (18) | 0.0562 (8) | |
O22 | 1.1932 (4) | 0.18930 (12) | 0.48691 (19) | 0.0733 (10) | |
O41 | 0.7828 (4) | 0.00564 (10) | 0.43481 (18) | 0.0635 (9) | |
O42 | 0.6790 (3) | −0.02169 (9) | 0.56819 (19) | 0.0577 (8) | |
N1 | 0.6649 (3) | 0.32238 (8) | 0.69232 (15) | 0.0274 (6) | |
N21 | 1.1587 (3) | 0.19783 (10) | 0.57118 (18) | 0.0365 (7) | |
N41 | 0.7462 (3) | 0.01652 (11) | 0.5177 (2) | 0.0458 (8) | |
C2 | 0.7755 (3) | 0.28074 (10) | 0.75516 (18) | 0.0267 (7) | |
C3 | 0.7361 (4) | 0.26743 (11) | 0.84941 (19) | 0.0316 (7) | |
C4 | 0.5867 (4) | 0.29735 (12) | 0.87819 (19) | 0.0345 (8) | |
C5 | 0.4801 (4) | 0.34101 (12) | 0.8133 (2) | 0.0376 (8) | |
C6 | 0.5212 (4) | 0.35297 (12) | 0.7190 (2) | 0.0359 (8) | |
C11 | 0.8856 (3) | 0.19180 (10) | 0.65949 (17) | 0.0250 (7) | |
C21 | 0.9877 (3) | 0.16655 (10) | 0.59134 (18) | 0.0268 (7) | |
C31 | 0.9395 (3) | 0.11127 (11) | 0.5400 (2) | 0.0322 (8) | |
C41 | 0.7909 (4) | 0.07812 (11) | 0.5632 (2) | 0.0353 (8) | |
C51 | 0.6845 (4) | 0.10000 (12) | 0.6292 (2) | 0.0359 (8) | |
C61 | 0.7296 (3) | 0.15746 (11) | 0.67349 (19) | 0.0307 (7) | |
C71 | 0.9381 (3) | 0.25231 (10) | 0.7169 (2) | 0.0308 (7) | |
O2A | 0.7053 (3) | 0.51546 (8) | 0.39374 (15) | 0.0389 (6) | |
O11A | 0.7728 (2) | 0.34274 (8) | 0.51916 (13) | 0.0363 (6) | |
O12A | 0.6246 (3) | 0.43376 (8) | 0.50643 (15) | 0.0404 (6) | |
O31A | 0.8926 (3) | 0.60447 (8) | 0.32114 (17) | 0.0482 (7) | |
O32A | 1.0404 (4) | 0.57457 (11) | 0.20856 (19) | 0.0703 (10) | |
O51A | 1.4121 (3) | 0.38998 (10) | 0.28140 (17) | 0.0514 (7) | |
O52A | 1.3387 (3) | 0.32069 (9) | 0.38239 (19) | 0.0536 (7) | |
N31A | 0.9667 (3) | 0.56457 (10) | 0.28107 (17) | 0.0388 (7) | |
N51A | 1.3139 (3) | 0.37048 (10) | 0.33857 (18) | 0.0375 (7) | |
C1A | 0.8825 (3) | 0.42179 (10) | 0.42470 (17) | 0.0254 (6) | |
C2A | 0.8508 (3) | 0.48139 (11) | 0.38128 (18) | 0.0276 (7) | |
C3A | 0.9808 (4) | 0.50221 (10) | 0.32341 (18) | 0.0293 (7) | |
C4A | 1.1287 (3) | 0.46614 (11) | 0.30776 (18) | 0.0296 (7) | |
C5A | 1.1555 (3) | 0.40898 (11) | 0.35306 (18) | 0.0278 (7) | |
C6A | 1.0358 (3) | 0.38671 (10) | 0.41266 (18) | 0.0268 (7) | |
C11A | 0.7494 (3) | 0.39730 (11) | 0.48798 (18) | 0.0294 (7) | |
H1 | 0.69100 | 0.32880 | 0.62900 | 0.0330* | |
H3 | 0.80970 | 0.23840 | 0.89370 | 0.0380* | |
H4 | 0.55830 | 0.28790 | 0.94140 | 0.0410* | |
H5 | 0.38170 | 0.36210 | 0.83300 | 0.0450* | |
H6 | 0.44980 | 0.38210 | 0.67380 | 0.0430* | |
H31 | 1.00440 | 0.09700 | 0.49180 | 0.0390* | |
H51 | 0.58490 | 0.07680 | 0.64350 | 0.0430* | |
H61 | 0.65290 | 0.17380 | 0.71420 | 0.0370* | |
H71 | 1.04700 | 0.24550 | 0.77630 | 0.0370* | |
H72 | 0.97850 | 0.28120 | 0.67050 | 0.0370* | |
H2A | 0.64800 | 0.49380 | 0.43920 | 0.0470* | |
H4A | 1.20920 | 0.48020 | 0.26720 | 0.0350* | |
H6A | 1.05890 | 0.34830 | 0.44430 | 0.0320* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
O21 | 0.0376 (11) | 0.0622 (13) | 0.0758 (15) | −0.0202 (10) | 0.0272 (11) | −0.0216 (12) |
O22 | 0.0767 (17) | 0.0939 (18) | 0.0687 (15) | −0.0332 (14) | 0.0546 (14) | −0.0196 (14) |
O41 | 0.0775 (17) | 0.0640 (14) | 0.0585 (14) | −0.0200 (12) | 0.0349 (13) | −0.0309 (12) |
O42 | 0.0637 (14) | 0.0356 (11) | 0.0721 (15) | −0.0054 (10) | 0.0135 (12) | 0.0012 (11) |
N1 | 0.0292 (10) | 0.0257 (9) | 0.0297 (10) | −0.0008 (8) | 0.0120 (9) | 0.0026 (8) |
N21 | 0.0322 (12) | 0.0356 (11) | 0.0477 (13) | −0.0004 (10) | 0.0212 (11) | 0.0017 (11) |
N41 | 0.0363 (13) | 0.0420 (13) | 0.0597 (16) | −0.0027 (10) | 0.0132 (12) | −0.0135 (12) |
C2 | 0.0264 (12) | 0.0207 (10) | 0.0338 (13) | −0.0042 (9) | 0.0093 (10) | −0.0031 (10) |
C3 | 0.0344 (13) | 0.0284 (12) | 0.0306 (13) | −0.0009 (10) | 0.0057 (11) | 0.0015 (10) |
C4 | 0.0373 (14) | 0.0405 (14) | 0.0283 (13) | −0.0064 (11) | 0.0133 (11) | −0.0037 (11) |
C5 | 0.0367 (14) | 0.0408 (14) | 0.0391 (14) | 0.0066 (12) | 0.0164 (12) | −0.0033 (12) |
C6 | 0.0341 (13) | 0.0337 (13) | 0.0412 (14) | 0.0074 (11) | 0.0121 (12) | 0.0054 (11) |
C11 | 0.0219 (11) | 0.0259 (11) | 0.0270 (12) | 0.0036 (9) | 0.0055 (9) | 0.0055 (9) |
C21 | 0.0223 (11) | 0.0304 (12) | 0.0289 (12) | 0.0020 (9) | 0.0087 (9) | 0.0049 (10) |
C31 | 0.0296 (13) | 0.0357 (13) | 0.0335 (13) | 0.0058 (10) | 0.0121 (11) | −0.0016 (11) |
C41 | 0.0301 (13) | 0.0322 (13) | 0.0440 (15) | 0.0014 (10) | 0.0098 (11) | −0.0072 (12) |
C51 | 0.0292 (13) | 0.0363 (13) | 0.0455 (15) | −0.0065 (11) | 0.0153 (12) | −0.0050 (12) |
C61 | 0.0277 (12) | 0.0289 (12) | 0.0393 (13) | 0.0007 (10) | 0.0158 (11) | −0.0019 (11) |
C71 | 0.0284 (12) | 0.0265 (12) | 0.0396 (14) | −0.0002 (10) | 0.0123 (11) | 0.0002 (11) |
O2A | 0.0345 (10) | 0.0364 (10) | 0.0512 (11) | 0.0054 (8) | 0.0209 (9) | 0.0012 (8) |
O11A | 0.0406 (10) | 0.0372 (10) | 0.0350 (9) | −0.0063 (8) | 0.0169 (8) | 0.0018 (8) |
O12A | 0.0391 (10) | 0.0429 (10) | 0.0475 (11) | −0.0027 (8) | 0.0266 (9) | −0.0072 (9) |
O31A | 0.0479 (12) | 0.0313 (10) | 0.0636 (13) | 0.0026 (9) | 0.0108 (11) | 0.0013 (9) |
O32A | 0.101 (2) | 0.0591 (14) | 0.0630 (15) | −0.0014 (13) | 0.0434 (15) | 0.0203 (12) |
O51A | 0.0386 (11) | 0.0653 (13) | 0.0604 (13) | 0.0026 (9) | 0.0311 (10) | −0.0076 (11) |
O52A | 0.0403 (11) | 0.0374 (11) | 0.0861 (16) | 0.0093 (9) | 0.0215 (11) | 0.0020 (11) |
N31A | 0.0385 (12) | 0.0389 (12) | 0.0385 (12) | −0.0018 (10) | 0.0087 (10) | 0.0062 (10) |
N51A | 0.0249 (11) | 0.0425 (13) | 0.0475 (13) | 0.0001 (9) | 0.0133 (10) | −0.0094 (11) |
C1A | 0.0254 (11) | 0.0286 (11) | 0.0228 (11) | −0.0030 (9) | 0.0073 (9) | −0.0043 (10) |
C2A | 0.0258 (12) | 0.0325 (12) | 0.0255 (12) | −0.0010 (10) | 0.0082 (10) | −0.0051 (10) |
C3A | 0.0316 (13) | 0.0290 (12) | 0.0274 (12) | −0.0018 (10) | 0.0074 (10) | 0.0015 (10) |
C4A | 0.0262 (12) | 0.0385 (13) | 0.0265 (12) | −0.0069 (10) | 0.0113 (10) | −0.0032 (11) |
C5A | 0.0226 (11) | 0.0327 (12) | 0.0288 (12) | −0.0007 (10) | 0.0076 (10) | −0.0091 (10) |
C6A | 0.0265 (12) | 0.0273 (12) | 0.0266 (11) | −0.0024 (9) | 0.0065 (10) | −0.0019 (10) |
C11A | 0.0285 (12) | 0.0352 (13) | 0.0264 (12) | −0.0073 (10) | 0.0104 (10) | −0.0061 (10) |
O21—N21 | 1.215 (3) | C11—C61 | 1.393 (3) |
O22—N21 | 1.213 (3) | C11—C71 | 1.518 (3) |
O41—N41 | 1.211 (3) | C21—C31 | 1.381 (3) |
O42—N41 | 1.235 (3) | C31—C41 | 1.381 (4) |
O2A—C2A | 1.321 (3) | C41—C51 | 1.377 (4) |
O11A—C11A | 1.253 (3) | C51—C61 | 1.383 (4) |
O12A—C11A | 1.262 (3) | C3—H3 | 0.9300 |
O31A—N31A | 1.206 (3) | C4—H4 | 0.9300 |
O32A—N31A | 1.222 (3) | C5—H5 | 0.9300 |
O51A—N51A | 1.228 (3) | C6—H6 | 0.9300 |
O52A—N51A | 1.219 (3) | C31—H31 | 0.9300 |
O2A—H2A | 0.9300 | C51—H51 | 0.9300 |
N1—C6 | 1.343 (4) | C61—H61 | 0.9300 |
N1—C2 | 1.344 (3) | C71—H71 | 0.9700 |
N21—C21 | 1.481 (3) | C71—H72 | 0.9700 |
N41—C41 | 1.470 (3) | C1A—C6A | 1.377 (3) |
N1—H1 | 0.9100 | C1A—C11A | 1.512 (3) |
N31A—C3A | 1.460 (3) | C1A—C2A | 1.412 (3) |
N51A—C5A | 1.459 (3) | C2A—C3A | 1.417 (4) |
C2—C71 | 1.511 (3) | C3A—C4A | 1.373 (4) |
C2—C3 | 1.374 (3) | C4A—C5A | 1.372 (3) |
C3—C4 | 1.383 (4) | C5A—C6A | 1.387 (3) |
C4—C5 | 1.375 (4) | C4A—H4A | 0.9300 |
C5—C6 | 1.374 (4) | C6A—H6A | 0.9300 |
C11—C21 | 1.405 (3) | ||
C2A—O2A—H2A | 106.00 | C5—C4—H4 | 120.00 |
C2—N1—C6 | 122.9 (2) | C3—C4—H4 | 120.00 |
O21—N21—C21 | 118.4 (2) | C6—C5—H5 | 121.00 |
O22—N21—C21 | 117.5 (2) | C4—C5—H5 | 120.00 |
O21—N21—O22 | 124.1 (3) | N1—C6—H6 | 120.00 |
O41—N41—O42 | 123.9 (2) | C5—C6—H6 | 120.00 |
O42—N41—C41 | 117.8 (2) | C41—C31—H31 | 121.00 |
O41—N41—C41 | 118.3 (2) | C21—C31—H31 | 121.00 |
C6—N1—H1 | 121.00 | C41—C51—H51 | 121.00 |
C2—N1—H1 | 116.00 | C61—C51—H51 | 121.00 |
O31A—N31A—O32A | 122.6 (2) | C11—C61—H61 | 119.00 |
O31A—N31A—C3A | 119.7 (2) | C51—C61—H61 | 119.00 |
O32A—N31A—C3A | 117.6 (2) | H71—C71—H72 | 108.00 |
O51A—N51A—C5A | 117.7 (2) | C2—C71—H72 | 109.00 |
O52A—N51A—C5A | 118.2 (2) | C11—C71—H71 | 109.00 |
O51A—N51A—O52A | 124.1 (2) | C2—C71—H71 | 109.00 |
C3—C2—C71 | 124.5 (2) | C11—C71—H72 | 109.00 |
N1—C2—C3 | 118.6 (2) | C2A—C1A—C6A | 120.9 (2) |
N1—C2—C71 | 116.9 (2) | C2A—C1A—C11A | 119.2 (2) |
C2—C3—C4 | 119.8 (2) | C6A—C1A—C11A | 119.9 (2) |
C3—C4—C5 | 120.0 (2) | O2A—C2A—C3A | 122.1 (2) |
C4—C5—C6 | 119.0 (3) | C1A—C2A—C3A | 116.8 (2) |
N1—C6—C5 | 119.7 (2) | O2A—C2A—C1A | 121.0 (2) |
C61—C11—C71 | 120.3 (2) | N31A—C3A—C2A | 120.7 (2) |
C21—C11—C71 | 123.7 (2) | C2A—C3A—C4A | 122.2 (2) |
C21—C11—C61 | 116.0 (2) | N31A—C3A—C4A | 117.0 (2) |
N21—C21—C11 | 121.4 (2) | C3A—C4A—C5A | 118.7 (2) |
C11—C21—C31 | 123.3 (2) | N51A—C5A—C6A | 118.9 (2) |
N21—C21—C31 | 115.3 (2) | C4A—C5A—C6A | 121.7 (2) |
C21—C31—C41 | 117.2 (2) | N51A—C5A—C4A | 119.4 (2) |
N41—C41—C51 | 118.4 (2) | C1A—C6A—C5A | 119.6 (2) |
N41—C41—C31 | 119.1 (2) | O11A—C11A—C1A | 117.7 (2) |
C31—C41—C51 | 122.6 (2) | O12A—C11A—C1A | 117.3 (2) |
C41—C51—C61 | 118.2 (2) | O11A—C11A—O12A | 125.0 (2) |
C11—C61—C51 | 122.6 (2) | C3A—C4A—H4A | 121.00 |
C2—C71—C11 | 113.96 (18) | C5A—C4A—H4A | 121.00 |
C2—C3—H3 | 120.00 | C1A—C6A—H6A | 120.00 |
C4—C3—H3 | 120.00 | C5A—C6A—H6A | 120.00 |
C6—N1—C2—C3 | 2.1 (3) | C71—C11—C61—C51 | −175.1 (2) |
C6—N1—C2—C71 | −177.0 (2) | C21—C11—C71—C2 | 160.2 (2) |
C2—N1—C6—C5 | −1.4 (4) | C61—C11—C71—C2 | −20.4 (3) |
O21—N21—C21—C11 | 29.4 (3) | C11—C21—C31—C41 | −4.3 (4) |
O21—N21—C21—C31 | −149.7 (2) | N21—C21—C31—C41 | 174.8 (2) |
O22—N21—C21—C11 | −151.4 (2) | C21—C31—C41—N41 | −174.5 (2) |
O22—N21—C21—C31 | 29.5 (3) | C21—C31—C41—C51 | 4.2 (4) |
O41—N41—C41—C31 | −27.8 (4) | C31—C41—C51—C61 | 0.0 (4) |
O41—N41—C41—C51 | 153.4 (3) | N41—C41—C51—C61 | 178.7 (2) |
O42—N41—C41—C31 | 149.9 (2) | C41—C51—C61—C11 | −4.5 (4) |
O42—N41—C41—C51 | −28.8 (4) | C6A—C1A—C2A—O2A | −179.2 (2) |
O31A—N31A—C3A—C2A | 24.4 (4) | C6A—C1A—C2A—C3A | 1.4 (3) |
O31A—N31A—C3A—C4A | −153.3 (2) | C11A—C1A—C2A—O2A | −1.1 (3) |
O32A—N31A—C3A—C2A | −159.1 (2) | C11A—C1A—C2A—C3A | 179.5 (2) |
O32A—N31A—C3A—C4A | 23.2 (3) | C2A—C1A—C6A—C5A | −3.0 (3) |
O51A—N51A—C5A—C4A | −3.5 (3) | C11A—C1A—C6A—C5A | 178.9 (2) |
O51A—N51A—C5A—C6A | 176.6 (2) | C2A—C1A—C11A—O11A | 175.0 (2) |
O52A—N51A—C5A—C4A | 177.6 (2) | C2A—C1A—C11A—O12A | −5.8 (3) |
O52A—N51A—C5A—C6A | −2.3 (3) | C6A—C1A—C11A—O11A | −6.9 (3) |
C71—C2—C3—C4 | 178.3 (2) | C6A—C1A—C11A—O12A | 172.3 (2) |
N1—C2—C71—C11 | −94.0 (2) | O2A—C2A—C3A—N31A | 4.4 (4) |
C3—C2—C71—C11 | 86.9 (3) | O2A—C2A—C3A—C4A | −178.0 (2) |
N1—C2—C3—C4 | −0.8 (4) | C1A—C2A—C3A—N31A | −176.2 (2) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | −1.1 (4) | C1A—C2A—C3A—C4A | 1.4 (3) |
C3—C4—C5—C6 | 1.7 (4) | N31A—C3A—C4A—C5A | 175.2 (2) |
C4—C5—C6—N1 | −0.5 (4) | C2A—C3A—C4A—C5A | −2.5 (4) |
C61—C11—C21—N21 | −178.8 (2) | C3A—C4A—C5A—N51A | −179.0 (2) |
C61—C11—C21—C31 | 0.2 (3) | C3A—C4A—C5A—C6A | 0.9 (4) |
C71—C11—C21—N21 | 0.6 (3) | N51A—C5A—C6A—C1A | −178.2 (2) |
C71—C11—C21—C31 | 179.6 (2) | C4A—C5A—C6A—C1A | 1.9 (4) |
C21—C11—C61—C51 | 4.3 (3) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N1—H1···O11A | 0.91 | 1.72 | 2.627 (3) | 172 |
O2A—H2A···O12A | 0.93 | 1.61 | 2.476 (3) | 152 |
C3—H3···O11Ai | 0.93 | 2.48 | 3.246 (3) | 140 |
C5—H5···O31Aii | 0.93 | 2.56 | 3.051 (4) | 114 |
C6—H6···O31Aii | 0.93 | 2.48 | 3.020 (4) | 117 |
C51—H51···O51Aiii | 0.93 | 2.55 | 3.137 (4) | 122 |
C61—H61···O51Aiii | 0.93 | 2.54 | 3.141 (3) | 123 |
C71—H72···O11A | 0.97 | 2.55 | 3.247 (3) | 129 |
Symmetry codes: (i) x, −y+1/2, z+1/2; (ii) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1; (iii) x−1, −y+1/2, z+1/2. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C12H10N3O4+·C7H3N2O7− |
Mr | 487.34 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, P21/c |
Temperature (K) | 200 |
a, b, c (Å) | 7.1550 (2), 21.7356 (5), 13.2080 (4) |
β (°) | 104.424 (3) |
V (Å3) | 1989.34 (10) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.14 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.40 × 0.35 × 0.18 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Oxford Diffraction Gemini-S CCD-detector diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.960, 0.982 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 13759, 3910, 2865 |
Rint | 0.025 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.617 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.051, 0.153, 1.08 |
No. of reflections | 3910 |
No. of parameters | 320 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.75, −0.32 |
Computer programs: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009), SIR92 (Altomare et al., 1994), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), PLATON (Spek, 2009).
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N1—H1···O11A | 0.91 | 1.72 | 2.627 (3) | 172 |
O2A—H2A···O12A | 0.93 | 1.61 | 2.476 (3) | 152 |
C3—H3···O11Ai | 0.93 | 2.48 | 3.246 (3) | 140 |
C5—H5···O31Aii | 0.93 | 2.56 | 3.051 (4) | 114 |
C6—H6···O31Aii | 0.93 | 2.48 | 3.020 (4) | 117 |
C51—H51···O51Aiii | 0.93 | 2.55 | 3.137 (4) | 122 |
C61—H61···O51Aiii | 0.93 | 2.54 | 3.141 (3) | 123 |
C71—H72···O11A | 0.97 | 2.55 | 3.247 (3) | 129 |
Symmetry codes: (i) x, −y+1/2, z+1/2; (ii) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1; (iii) x−1, −y+1/2, z+1/2. |
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge financial support from the Australian Research Council, the Faculty of Science and Technology, Queensland University of Technology and the School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences, Griffith University.
References
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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are cited.
The Lewis base 2-(2,4-dinitrobenzyl)pyridine (DNBP) is unusual because of its photochromic properties, undergoing a reversible solid-state colour change from colourless to deep blue on irradiation with light of wavelength 400 nm or less. This is due to two-photon excitation giving nitro-assisted proton transfer (NAPT) involving an oxygen of the o-nitro substituent group and the pyridine N atom (Naumov et al., 2002). The structures of both the colourless form (Seff & Trueblood, 1968; Scherl et al., 1996) and the blue form (Naumov et al., 2002), have been determined as well, as that of the chloride (Naumov et al., 2005).
Our reaction of DNBP with a number of aromatic carboxylic and sulfonic acids in aqueous ethanol has previously provided only one crystalline compound: bis[2-(2,4-dinitrobenzyl)pyridinium] biphenyl-4,4'-disulfonate trihydrate, for which the structure was reported (Smith, Wermuth & Young, 2010). A second crystalline compound was subsequently obtained from the reaction of DNBP with 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA), the title compound anhydrous C12H10N3O4+.C7H3N2O7- (I), the structure of which is reported here. DNSA has been very useful as an acid capable of producing crystalline salts with a range of both aliphatic and aromatic Lewis bases and the structures of a large number of these are reported in the crystallographic literature, e.g. Smith et al. (2002, 2003, 2007) and Smith, Cotton et al. (2010).
With compound (I) (Fig. 1), a single cation–anion N+–H···Ocarboxyl hydrogen bond together with a weak aliphatic C–H···Ocarboxyl association (C71–H···O11A) (Table 1), form discrete cation–anion units. These units have no intermolecular interactions other than mostly weak aromatic C–H···O contacts [one is strong: C6–H···O31Aiii: symmetry code (iii), -x + 1, -y + 1, -z + 1], and also weak cation–anion π–π aromatic ring associations [ring centroid separation for C11–C61 to C1A–C6A, 3.7320 (14) Å] down the a axial direction (Fig. 2).
With the DNBP cation both nitro groups are rotated out of the plane of the benzene ring [torsion angles C11–C21–N21–O22, -151.4 (2)° and C31–C41–N41–O42, 149.9 (2)°]. In the DNSA anion, within the intramolecular hydroxyl–carboxyl hydrogen bond, the H atom is located on the hydroxyl group rather than being anti-related on the carboxyl group. (I) is only one of the ca 30% of the known examples of DNSA salts having this (Smith et al., 2007). The carboxyl group, as expected, is close to planar with the benzene ring [torsion angle C2A–C1A–C11A–O11A, 175.0 (2)°], while one nitro group is close to coplanar [torsion angle C4A–C5A–C51A–O52A, 177.6 (2)°], the other being rotated out of the plane [torsion angle C2A–C3A–C31A–O32A, -159.1 (2)°]. In the structure there is a short nonbonded contact across an inversion centre [O42···O42iv, 2.897 (3) Å: symmetry code (iv) -x + 1, -y, -z + 1], this O atom being associated with the large electron density maximum (0.75 e Å-3).