organic compounds\(\def\hfill{\hskip 5em}\def\hfil{\hskip 3em}\def\eqno#1{\hfil {#1}}\)

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ISSN: 2056-9890

1-(4-Bromo-3-chloro­phen­yl)-3-meth­­oxy-3-methyl­urea (chlorbromuron)

aDepartment of Chemistry, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO 63501-4221, USA
*Correspondence e-mail: baughman@truman.edu

(Received 3 June 2010; accepted 30 July 2010; online 11 August 2010)

In the title urea-based herbicide, C9H10BrClN2O2, there exist multiple inter- and intra­molecular inter­actions. Most notably, the intra­molecular hydrogen bond between the urea carbonyl O atom and an aromatic H atom affects the planarity and torsion angles of the mol­ecule by restricting rotations about the Ar—secondary amine N and the secondary amine N and the carbonyl C. The two N atoms in the urea fragment are in different environments. One is planar; the other, pseudo-C3v. It is likely that the different nitro­gen-atom geometries and the restricted rotations within the mol­ecule impact the bioactivity of chlorbromuron.

Related literature

The structure of the title compound, chlorbromuron, was determined as part of a larger project on the crystal and mol­ecular structures of a series of herbicides, see: Baughman & Yu (1988[Baughman, R. G. & Yu, P.-J. (1988). J. Agric. Food Chem. 36, 1294-6.] and references cited therein). Chlorbromuron is a urea-based herbicide that acts to inhibit photosynthesis and the oxidation of water to oxygen during the Hill reaction, see: Metcalf (1971[Metcalf, R. L. (1971). Pesticides in the Environment, Vol. 1, Part 1, edited by R. White-Stevens, p. 51. New York: Marcel Dekker.]). Typically one or more hydrogen bonds form between the –NH– or C=O groups in the urea-based herbicides and an active site in the protein, see: Good (1961[Good, N. E. (1961). Plant Physiol. 36, 788-803.]).

[Scheme 1]

Experimental

Crystal data
  • C9H10BrClN2O2

  • Mr = 293.55

  • Orthorhombic, P b c a

  • a = 11.3872 (7) Å

  • b = 9.5037 (5) Å

  • c = 21.512 (2) Å

  • V = 2328.0 (3) Å3

  • Z = 8

  • Mo Kα radiation

  • μ = 3.74 mm−1

  • T = 295 K

  • 0.44 × 0.44 × 0.42 mm

Data collection
  • Bruker P4 diffractometer

  • Absorption correction: integration (XSHELL; Bruker, 1999[Bruker (1999). XSHELL. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.]) Tmin = 0.224, Tmax = 0.331

  • 2643 measured reflections

  • 2017 independent reflections

  • 1230 reflections with I > 2σ(I)

  • Rint = 0.107

  • 3 standard reflections every 100 reflections intensity decay: 1.3%

Refinement
  • R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.065

  • wR(F2) = 0.173

  • S = 0.99

  • 2017 reflections

  • 136 parameters

  • H-atom parameters constrained

  • Δρmax = 1.13 e Å−3

  • Δρmin = −0.63 e Å−3

Table 1
Selected torsion angles (°)

C9—O2—N2—C7 −124.6 (6)
C9—O2—N2—C8 97.8 (7)
C7—N1—C1—C2 23.3 (9)
O2—N2—C7—N1 20.2 (7)

Table 2
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

D—H⋯A D—H H⋯A DA D—H⋯A
N1—H1⋯O1i 0.86 2.11 2.902 (7) 153
N1—H1⋯O2 0.86 2.18 2.573 (6) 108
C2—H2⋯O1 0.93 2.35 2.873 (7) 115
Symmetry code: (i) [-x+{\script{3\over 2}}, y+{\script{1\over 2}}, z].

Data collection: XSCANS (Bruker, 1996[Bruker (1996). XSCANS. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.]); cell refinement: XSCANS; data reduction: XSCANS; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS86 (Sheldrick, 2008[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112-122.]); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112-122.]); molecular graphics: SHELXTL/PC (Sheldrick, 2008[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112-122.]); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL/PC and SHELXL97.

Supporting information


Comment top

The crystal structure of 3-(4-bromo-3-chlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1- methylurea, chlorbromuron (I), was determined as part of a larger project (Baughman and Yu, 1988 and references cited therein) that has focused on the crystal and molecular structures of a series of herbicides. Chlorbromuron is a urea-based herbicide that acts to inhibit photosynthesis and the oxidation of water to oxygen during the Hill reaction (Metcalf, 1971). Typically one or more hydrogen bonds form between the –NH– or C=O groups in the urea-based herbicides and an active site in the protein (Good, 1961).

Molecules in the unit cell utilize intermolecular hydrogen bonds, while the molecule contains intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The O1···H1 intermolecular hydrogen bond and the O2···H1 and O1···H2 intramolecular hydrogen bonds affect the torsion angles (Table 1). The O1···H2 hydrogen bond is interesting because it likely causes H2/C2/C1/N1/C7/O1 to be nearly planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.167 Å). Similarly, the O2—N2—C7—N1 torsion angle of 20.2 (7)° and near planarity of H1A/N1/C7/N2/O2 (r.m.s. = 0.100 Å) indicate the effect of the O2···H1 hydrogen bond.

Since the O1···H2 and O2···H1 intramolecular hydrogen bonds limit rotation, the structure of (I) presented here may also be close to that in vitro and/or in vivo. The limiting of the rotational degrees of freedom about the C1—N1, N1—C7, and C7—N2 bonds may influence the bioactivity of (I). A very weak intermolecular interaction between Cl1 and H9A likely exists, but, at a distance of 3.15 Å, is a little too long to be considered a true hydrogen bond, but may have some impact on packing.

Structurally significant angles around N2 indicate a pseudo-C3v shape (Fig. 1, Table 1). However, the geometry around N1 is planar. Although the C4—C3—Cl1 angle [121.1 (5)°] is ~2σ greater than the ideal angle of 120°, the C3—C4—Br1 angle [122.3 (5)°] is ~5σ greater than ideal angle, which indicates some steric and charge repulsion in this portion of the molecule.

Related literature top

The structure of the title compound, chlorbromuron, was determined as part of a larger project on the crystal and molecular structures of a series of herbicides, see: Baughman & Yu (1988 and references cited therein). Chlorbromuron is a urea-based herbicide that acts to inhibit photosynthesis and the oxidation of water to oxygen during the Hill reaction, see: Metcalf (1971). Typically one or more hydrogen bonds form between the –NH– or C=O groups in the urea-based herbicides and an active site in the protein, see: Good (1961).

Experimental top

Crystals were grown by slow evaporation of a solution in EtOH.

Refinement top

Approximate positions of all H's were first obtained from a difference map, then placed into "ideal" positions. Bond lengths were constrained at 0.93 Å (AFIX 43) for aromatic C—H's, at 0.96 Å (AFIX 137) for methyl C—H's, and 0.86 Å (AFIX 43) for the N—H.

Uiso(H) were fixed at 1.5Ueq(parent) for OH and methyl H's, and 1.2 Ueq(parent) for all other H's.

In the final stages of refinement for (I), 14 very small or negative Fo's were deemed to be in high disagreement and were eliminated from final refinement.

Percent decay of the three standards was calculated as the average of their σ(I)'s.

Structure description top

The crystal structure of 3-(4-bromo-3-chlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1- methylurea, chlorbromuron (I), was determined as part of a larger project (Baughman and Yu, 1988 and references cited therein) that has focused on the crystal and molecular structures of a series of herbicides. Chlorbromuron is a urea-based herbicide that acts to inhibit photosynthesis and the oxidation of water to oxygen during the Hill reaction (Metcalf, 1971). Typically one or more hydrogen bonds form between the –NH– or C=O groups in the urea-based herbicides and an active site in the protein (Good, 1961).

Molecules in the unit cell utilize intermolecular hydrogen bonds, while the molecule contains intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The O1···H1 intermolecular hydrogen bond and the O2···H1 and O1···H2 intramolecular hydrogen bonds affect the torsion angles (Table 1). The O1···H2 hydrogen bond is interesting because it likely causes H2/C2/C1/N1/C7/O1 to be nearly planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.167 Å). Similarly, the O2—N2—C7—N1 torsion angle of 20.2 (7)° and near planarity of H1A/N1/C7/N2/O2 (r.m.s. = 0.100 Å) indicate the effect of the O2···H1 hydrogen bond.

Since the O1···H2 and O2···H1 intramolecular hydrogen bonds limit rotation, the structure of (I) presented here may also be close to that in vitro and/or in vivo. The limiting of the rotational degrees of freedom about the C1—N1, N1—C7, and C7—N2 bonds may influence the bioactivity of (I). A very weak intermolecular interaction between Cl1 and H9A likely exists, but, at a distance of 3.15 Å, is a little too long to be considered a true hydrogen bond, but may have some impact on packing.

Structurally significant angles around N2 indicate a pseudo-C3v shape (Fig. 1, Table 1). However, the geometry around N1 is planar. Although the C4—C3—Cl1 angle [121.1 (5)°] is ~2σ greater than the ideal angle of 120°, the C3—C4—Br1 angle [122.3 (5)°] is ~5σ greater than ideal angle, which indicates some steric and charge repulsion in this portion of the molecule.

The structure of the title compound, chlorbromuron, was determined as part of a larger project on the crystal and molecular structures of a series of herbicides, see: Baughman & Yu (1988 and references cited therein). Chlorbromuron is a urea-based herbicide that acts to inhibit photosynthesis and the oxidation of water to oxygen during the Hill reaction, see: Metcalf (1971). Typically one or more hydrogen bonds form between the –NH– or C=O groups in the urea-based herbicides and an active site in the protein, see: Good (1961).

Computing details top

Data collection: XSCANS (Bruker, 1996); cell refinement: XSCANS (Bruker, 1996); data reduction: XSCANS (Bruker, 1996); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS86 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL/PC (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL/PC (Sheldrick, 2008) and SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008).

Figures top
[Figure 1] Fig. 1. The asymmetric unit of (I). Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability levels; H atoms are drawn as small spheres of arbitrary radius.
1-(4-Bromo-3-chlorophenyl)-3-methoxy-3-methylurea top
Crystal data top
C9H10BrClN2O2F(000) = 1168
Mr = 293.55Dx = 1.675 Mg m3
Orthorhombic, PbcaMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: -P 2ac 2abCell parameters from 100 reflections
a = 11.3872 (7) Åθ = 10.0–15.8°
b = 9.5037 (5) ŵ = 3.74 mm1
c = 21.512 (2) ÅT = 295 K
V = 2328.0 (3) Å3Rectangular prism, colorless
Z = 80.44 × 0.44 × 0.42 mm
Data collection top
Bruker P4
diffractometer
1230 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Radiation source: normal-focus sealed tubeRint = 0.107
Graphite monochromatorθmax = 25.0°, θmin = 1.9°
Ω scansh = 113
Absorption correction: integration
(XSHELL; Bruker, 1999)
k = 111
Tmin = 0.224, Tmax = 0.331l = 251
2643 measured reflections3 standard reflections every 100 reflections
2017 independent reflections intensity decay: 1.3%
Refinement top
Refinement on F2Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: fullSecondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.065Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F2) = 0.173H-atom parameters constrained
S = 0.99 w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.1011P)2 + 0.010P]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
2017 reflections(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
136 parametersΔρmax = 1.13 e Å3
0 restraintsΔρmin = 0.63 e Å3
Crystal data top
C9H10BrClN2O2V = 2328.0 (3) Å3
Mr = 293.55Z = 8
Orthorhombic, PbcaMo Kα radiation
a = 11.3872 (7) ŵ = 3.74 mm1
b = 9.5037 (5) ÅT = 295 K
c = 21.512 (2) Å0.44 × 0.44 × 0.42 mm
Data collection top
Bruker P4
diffractometer
1230 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Absorption correction: integration
(XSHELL; Bruker, 1999)
Rint = 0.107
Tmin = 0.224, Tmax = 0.3313 standard reflections every 100 reflections
2643 measured reflections intensity decay: 1.3%
2017 independent reflections
Refinement top
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.0650 restraints
wR(F2) = 0.173H-atom parameters constrained
S = 0.99Δρmax = 1.13 e Å3
2017 reflectionsΔρmin = 0.63 e Å3
136 parameters
Special details top

Geometry. All s.u.'s (except the s.u. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell s.u.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of s.u.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between s.u.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell s.u.'s is used for estimating s.u.'s involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit, S, are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > 2σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R-factors based on ALL data will be even larger.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/Ueq
Br10.99321 (6)0.13975 (8)0.40066 (3)0.0648 (4)
Cl10.75978 (19)0.0374 (2)0.44369 (7)0.0690 (6)
O10.6655 (4)0.0148 (4)0.6675 (2)0.0571 (12)
O20.6463 (4)0.3363 (4)0.7430 (2)0.0560 (12)
N10.7597 (4)0.2249 (5)0.6520 (2)0.0424 (12)
H10.77410.30500.66900.051*
N20.6419 (5)0.1877 (5)0.7384 (2)0.0501 (14)
C10.8124 (5)0.1972 (6)0.5945 (3)0.0389 (14)
C20.7677 (6)0.1002 (6)0.5513 (3)0.0449 (15)
H20.70110.04790.56090.054*
C30.8216 (5)0.0839 (6)0.4948 (3)0.0457 (15)
C40.9200 (5)0.1589 (6)0.4788 (3)0.0443 (15)
C50.9659 (5)0.2525 (7)0.5221 (3)0.0506 (17)
H51.03280.30400.51210.061*
C60.9133 (6)0.2707 (6)0.5784 (3)0.0466 (15)
H60.94570.33310.60700.056*
C70.6870 (6)0.1363 (7)0.6830 (3)0.0429 (15)
C80.5314 (7)0.1313 (8)0.7610 (4)0.074 (2)
H8A0.53200.03060.75710.111*
H8B0.52040.15650.80380.111*
H8C0.46840.16930.73660.111*
C90.7083 (8)0.3723 (8)0.7985 (3)0.079 (2)
H9A0.71210.47290.80230.118*
H9B0.66910.33360.83410.118*
H9C0.78640.33480.79600.118*
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Br10.0657 (5)0.0802 (6)0.0485 (5)0.0019 (4)0.0147 (4)0.0053 (4)
Cl10.0940 (14)0.0718 (12)0.0412 (9)0.0225 (10)0.0052 (10)0.0125 (9)
O10.084 (3)0.038 (3)0.049 (3)0.006 (2)0.007 (3)0.005 (2)
O20.071 (3)0.047 (2)0.051 (3)0.007 (2)0.003 (2)0.013 (2)
N10.049 (3)0.037 (3)0.041 (3)0.003 (2)0.001 (3)0.008 (2)
N20.065 (4)0.042 (3)0.043 (3)0.006 (3)0.009 (3)0.007 (2)
C10.043 (3)0.033 (3)0.041 (3)0.008 (3)0.001 (3)0.000 (3)
C20.051 (4)0.042 (3)0.042 (3)0.002 (3)0.005 (3)0.005 (3)
C30.053 (4)0.043 (3)0.041 (4)0.000 (3)0.002 (3)0.001 (3)
C40.041 (4)0.051 (4)0.040 (3)0.009 (3)0.005 (3)0.002 (3)
C50.039 (3)0.047 (4)0.065 (5)0.006 (3)0.000 (3)0.009 (3)
C60.050 (4)0.046 (4)0.045 (4)0.003 (3)0.003 (3)0.002 (3)
C70.052 (4)0.042 (4)0.035 (3)0.007 (3)0.004 (3)0.000 (3)
C80.077 (5)0.074 (5)0.070 (5)0.009 (4)0.024 (4)0.009 (4)
C90.094 (6)0.088 (6)0.054 (5)0.018 (5)0.003 (4)0.023 (4)
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
Br1—C41.885 (6)C2—H20.9303
Cl1—C31.741 (6)C3—C41.372 (9)
O1—C71.227 (7)C4—C51.390 (9)
O2—N21.417 (6)C5—C61.363 (9)
O2—C91.428 (8)C5—H50.9302
N1—C71.356 (8)C6—H60.9302
N1—C11.401 (7)C8—H8A0.9604
N1—H10.8602C8—H8B0.9599
N2—C71.385 (7)C8—H8C0.9601
N2—C81.452 (9)C9—H9A0.9605
C1—C61.388 (8)C9—H9B0.9600
C1—C21.404 (8)C9—H9C0.9602
C2—C31.372 (8)
N2—O2—C9108.4 (5)C6—C5—H5119.9
C7—N1—C1125.4 (5)C4—C5—H5119.3
C7—N1—H1117.2C5—C6—C1121.4 (6)
C1—N1—H1117.4C5—C6—H6119.6
C7—N2—O2113.5 (5)C1—C6—H6119.0
C7—N2—C8118.6 (6)O1—C7—N1124.9 (5)
O2—N2—C8112.0 (5)O1—C7—N2119.5 (6)
C6—C1—N1118.7 (5)N1—C7—N2115.4 (5)
C6—C1—C2117.8 (6)N2—C8—H8A109.4
N1—C1—C2123.5 (5)N2—C8—H8B110.0
C3—C2—C1119.9 (6)H8A—C8—H8B109.5
C3—C2—H2120.1N2—C8—H8C109.0
C1—C2—H2120.0H8A—C8—H8C109.5
C4—C3—C2121.9 (6)H8B—C8—H8C109.5
C4—C3—Cl1121.1 (5)O2—C9—H9A109.4
C2—C3—Cl1117.0 (5)O2—C9—H9B110.2
C3—C4—C5118.1 (6)H9A—C9—H9B109.5
C3—C4—Br1122.3 (5)O2—C9—H9C108.8
C5—C4—Br1119.6 (5)H9A—C9—H9C109.5
C6—C5—C4120.8 (6)H9B—C9—H9C109.5
C9—O2—N2—C7124.6 (6)C3—C4—C5—C61.1 (9)
C9—O2—N2—C897.8 (7)Br1—C4—C5—C6178.5 (5)
C7—N1—C1—C6157.8 (6)C4—C5—C6—C10.1 (9)
C7—N1—C1—C223.3 (9)N1—C1—C6—C5177.4 (5)
C6—C1—C2—C31.8 (9)C2—C1—C6—C51.6 (9)
N1—C1—C2—C3177.0 (5)C1—N1—C7—O16.7 (10)
C1—C2—C3—C40.7 (9)C1—N1—C7—N2178.0 (5)
C1—C2—C3—Cl1179.4 (5)O2—N2—C7—O1164.2 (5)
C2—C3—C4—C50.8 (9)C8—N2—C7—O129.6 (9)
Cl1—C3—C4—C5179.1 (5)O2—N2—C7—N120.2 (7)
C2—C3—C4—Br1178.8 (5)C8—N2—C7—N1154.8 (6)
Cl1—C3—C4—Br11.3 (8)
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N1—H1···O1i0.862.112.902 (7)153
N1—H1···O20.862.182.573 (6)108
C2—H2···O10.932.352.873 (7)115
Symmetry code: (i) x+3/2, y+1/2, z.

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formulaC9H10BrClN2O2
Mr293.55
Crystal system, space groupOrthorhombic, Pbca
Temperature (K)295
a, b, c (Å)11.3872 (7), 9.5037 (5), 21.512 (2)
V3)2328.0 (3)
Z8
Radiation typeMo Kα
µ (mm1)3.74
Crystal size (mm)0.44 × 0.44 × 0.42
Data collection
DiffractometerBruker P4
diffractometer
Absorption correctionIntegration
(XSHELL; Bruker, 1999)
Tmin, Tmax0.224, 0.331
No. of measured, independent and
observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections
2643, 2017, 1230
Rint0.107
(sin θ/λ)max1)0.594
Refinement
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S 0.065, 0.173, 0.99
No. of reflections2017
No. of parameters136
H-atom treatmentH-atom parameters constrained
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å3)1.13, 0.63

Computer programs: XSCANS (Bruker, 1996), SHELXS86 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXTL/PC (Sheldrick, 2008) and SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008).

Selected geometric parameters (Å, º) top
Br1—C41.885 (6)O1—C71.227 (7)
Cl1—C31.741 (6)O2—N21.417 (6)
C7—N1—C1125.4 (5)C7—N2—O2113.5 (5)
C7—N1—H1117.2C7—N2—C8118.6 (6)
C1—N1—H1117.4O2—N2—C8112.0 (5)
C9—O2—N2—C7124.6 (6)C7—N1—C1—C223.3 (9)
C9—O2—N2—C897.8 (7)O2—N2—C7—N120.2 (7)
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N1—H1···O1i0.862.112.902 (7)153
N1—H1···O20.862.182.573 (6)108
C2—H2···O10.932.352.873 (7)115
Symmetry code: (i) x+3/2, y+1/2, z.
 

Acknowledgements

This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant No. DUE-0431664.

References

First citationBaughman, R. G. & Yu, P.-J. (1988). J. Agric. Food Chem. 36, 1294–6.  CSD CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
First citationBruker (1996). XSCANS. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.  Google Scholar
First citationBruker (1999). XSHELL. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.  Google Scholar
First citationGood, N. E. (1961). Plant Physiol. 36, 788–803.  CrossRef PubMed CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
First citationMetcalf, R. L. (1971). Pesticides in the Environment, Vol. 1, Part 1, edited by R. White-Stevens, p. 51. New York: Marcel Dekker.  Google Scholar
First citationSheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112–122.  Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar

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