catena-Poly[{μ-η5:η5-1-[2-(dimethyl­amino)­ethyl-κN]cyclo­penta­dien­yl}-lithium(I)-(μ-1,1,3,3-tetra-tert-butyl­triphosphane-κ3P2:P1,P3)lithium(I)]

Grubba, R.; Chojnacki, J.; Pikies, J.

doi:10.1107/S1600536810039759

metal-organic compounds

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ISSN: 2056-9890

Volume 66| Part 11| November 2010| Page m1403

https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536810039759

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catena-Poly[{μ-η⁵:η⁵-1-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl-κN]cyclopentadienyl}-lithium(I)-(μ-1,1,3,3-tetra-tert-butyltriphosphane-κ³P²:P¹,P³)lithium(I)]

Rafal Grubba,^a Jaroslaw Chojnacki ^a ^* and Jerzy Pikies ^a

^aChemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, Gdansk PL-80233, Poland
^*Correspondence e-mail: jaroslaw.chojnacki@chem.pg.gda.pl

(Received 21 September 2010; accepted 5 October 2010; online 13 October 2010)

The title compound, [Li₂(C₉H₁₄N)(C₁₆H₃₆P₃)]_n, is a by-product of the reaction of [Cp(C₅H₄CH₂CH₂NMe₂)ZrCl₂]_n with ^tBu₂P–P(SiMe₃)Li in toluene. It is a coordination polymer composed of infinite chains running along [010]. One Li(I) atom is chelated by the cyclopentadienyl ring and and the N atom of the scorpionate ligand and a P atom, whereas the other Li(I) atom is coordinated by the backside of the cyclopentadienyl ring and two P atoms. Both Li(I) atoms adopt a distorted trigonal coordination. The structure was determined from a twinned crystal, but only the data from the main twin component was used. The fraction of components in the crystal was 0.555:0.445 and the twin matrix corresponds to twofold rotation about the c axis ( $[\overline{1}]$ 00/0 $[\overline{1}]$ 0/001).

Related literature

For the synthesis, see: Chojnacki et al. (2007 ); Kovacs et al. (1996b ). For related structures, see: Kovacs et al. (1996a ); Kunz et al. (2000 ).

Experimental

Crystal data

[Li₂(C₉H₁₄N)(C₁₆H₃₆P₃)]
M_r = 471.45
Monoclinic, P 2₁ /c
a = 8.9063 (6) Å
b = 18.8522 (8) Å
c = 19.3934 (17) Å
β = 115.314 (6)°
V = 2943.5 (3) Å³
Z = 4
Mo Kα radiation
μ = 0.21 mm⁻¹
T = 120 K
0.44 × 0.23 × 0.20 mm

Data collection

Oxford Diffraction Xcalibur diffractometer with a Sapphire2 detector
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Oxford Diffraction, 2009 $[Oxford Diffraction (2009). CrysAlis PRO. Oxford Diffraction Ltd, Yarnton, England.]$ ) T_min = 0.734, T_max = 1
14505 measured reflections
4818 independent reflections
3492 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
R_int = 0.093

Refinement

R[F² > 2σ(F²)] = 0.095
wR(F²) = 0.258
S = 1.13
4818 reflections
294 parameters
H-atom parameters constrained
Δρ_max = 0.72 e Å⁻³
Δρ_min = −0.61 e Å⁻³

Data collection: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009 $[Oxford Diffraction (2009). CrysAlis PRO. Oxford Diffraction Ltd, Yarnton, England.]$ ); cell refinement: CrysAlis PRO; data reduction: CrysAlis PRO; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008 ); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997 ); software used to prepare material for publication: WinGX (Farrugia, 1999 ).

Supporting information

Crystal structure: contains datablocks global, I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536810039759/bt5361sup1.cif

Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536810039759/bt5361Isup2.hkl

checkCIF report

Comment top

The schematic structure of the linear coordination polymer of (I) is shown in Fig.1. The monomeric unit of the title compound consists of two lithium atoms and two ligands: (^tBu₂P)₂P and C₅H₄CH₂CH₂NMe₂. Both lithium atoms adopt distorted trigonal geometry. Li1 atom is bonded in a η⁵-fashion from the one face of C₅H₄ ring system and is also bonded with two terminal phosphorous atoms P2, P3 from a (^tBu₂P)₂P ligand. Atom Li2 is coordinated by atom P1 from another triphosphane ligand and is η⁵-coordinated to the other face of the C₅H₄ ring system, assisted by κN-coordination of the attached dimethylamino substituent. Atoms Li1, P1, P2, P3 form a planar ring (maximum deviation 0.069 Å). The two lithium atoms and C₅H₄ ring form an "inverse sandwich". The structure of (^tBu₂P)₂P ligand in complex (I) is similar to the one found for [Li(THF)₂{η²-(^tBu₂P)₂P}] (Kovacs et al., 1996a) with comparable P–P and P–Li distances. To the best of our knowledge only one example of lithium complex with substituted Cp ligand which exhibits κN and η⁵-coordination to the same lithium atom is known (Kunz et al., 2000). Li–N distance in complex [{C₅H₄CH(Ph)NMe₂}Li]_n (Kunz et al., 2000) and in the title compound are similar [2.227 (5) Å; 2.237 (12) Å].

Related literature top

For the synthesis, see: Chojnacki et al. (2007); Kovacs et al. (1996b). For related structures, see: Kovacs et al. (1996a); Kunz et al. (2000).

Experimental top

The work was carried out using the standard vacuum-nitrogen line and Schlenk techniques. [Cp(C₅H₄CH₂CH₂NMe₂)ZrCl₂]_n and ^tBu₂P—P(SiMe₃)Li ^. 3 THF were prepared according to the procedure described in the literature (Chojnacki et al., 2007; Kovacs et al., 1996b). Suspension of 0.105 g (0.289 mmole) [Cp(C₅H₄CH₂CH₂NMe₂)ZrCl₂]_n in 2 ml toluene was added dropwise into solution of 0.264 g (0.559 mmole) ^tBu₂P—P(SiMe₃)Li.3THF in 2 ml of toluene at 233 K. The mixture immediately turned red. Then the volume was reduced to about 2 ml and the concentrate was stored for a few weeks at room temperature. After this time the solution yielded colourless crystals of (I).

Structure description top

For the synthesis, see: Chojnacki et al. (2007); Kovacs et al. (1996b). For related structures, see: Kovacs et al. (1996a); Kunz et al. (2000).

Computing details top

Data collection: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); cell refinement: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); data reduction: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997); software used to prepare material for publication: WinGX (Farrugia, 1999).

Figures top

	Fig. 1. The asymmetric unit of the title compound. Ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level.
	Fig. 2. Coordination polymer of the title compound.

catena-Poly[{µ-η⁵:η⁵-1-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl- κN]cyclopentadienyl}-lithium(I)-(µ-1,1,3,3-tetra-tert- butyltriphosphane-κ³P²:P¹,P³)lithium(I)] top

Crystal data top

[Li₂(C₉H₁₄N)(C₁₆H₃₆P₃)]	F(000) = 1032
M_r = 471.45	D_x = 1.064 Mg m⁻³
Monoclinic, P2₁/c	Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: -P 2ybc	Cell parameters from 9383 reflections
a = 8.9063 (6) Å	θ = 2.4–32.4°
b = 18.8522 (8) Å	µ = 0.21 mm⁻¹
c = 19.3934 (17) Å	T = 120 K
β = 115.314 (6)°	Block, colourless
V = 2943.5 (3) Å³	0.44 × 0.23 × 0.2 mm
Z = 4

Data collection top

Oxford Diffraction Xcalibur diffractometer with a Sapphire2 (large Be window) detector	4818 independent reflections
Graphite monochromator	3492 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Detector resolution: 8.1883 pixels mm^-1	R_int = 0.093
ω scans	θ_max = 25.1°, θ_min = 2.5°
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Oxford Diffraction, 2009)	h = −10→10
T_min = 0.734, T_max = 1	k = −22→21
14505 measured reflections	l = −23→21

Refinement top

Refinement on F²	Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: full	Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F² > 2σ(F²)] = 0.095	Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F²) = 0.258	H-atom parameters constrained
S = 1.13	w = 1/[σ²(F_o²) + (0.0825P)² + 14.0784P] where P = (F_o² + 2F_c²)/3
4818 reflections	(Δ/σ)_max = 0.001
294 parameters	Δρ_max = 0.72 e Å⁻³
0 restraints	Δρ_min = −0.61 e Å⁻³

Crystal data top

[Li₂(C₉H₁₄N)(C₁₆H₃₆P₃)]	V = 2943.5 (3) Å³
M_r = 471.45	Z = 4
Monoclinic, P2₁/c	Mo Kα radiation
a = 8.9063 (6) Å	µ = 0.21 mm⁻¹
b = 18.8522 (8) Å	T = 120 K
c = 19.3934 (17) Å	0.44 × 0.23 × 0.2 mm
β = 115.314 (6)°

Data collection top

Oxford Diffraction Xcalibur diffractometer with a Sapphire2 (large Be window) detector	4818 independent reflections
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Oxford Diffraction, 2009)	3492 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
T_min = 0.734, T_max = 1	R_int = 0.093
14505 measured reflections

Refinement top

R[F² > 2σ(F²)] = 0.095	0 restraints
wR(F²) = 0.258	H-atom parameters constrained
S = 1.13	w = 1/[σ²(F_o²) + (0.0825P)² + 14.0784P] where P = (F_o² + 2F_c²)/3
4818 reflections	Δρ_max = 0.72 e Å⁻³
294 parameters	Δρ_min = −0.61 e Å⁻³

Special details top

Experimental. Absorption correction: CrysAlisPro, Oxford Diffraction (2009). Empirical absorption correction using spherical harmonics, implemented in SCALE3 ABSPACK scaling algorithm.

Geometry. All s.u.'s (except the s.u. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell s.u.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of s.u.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between s.u.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell s.u.'s is used for estimating s.u.'s involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. Refinement of F² against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F², conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F². The threshold expression of F² > 2σ(F²) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F² are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	x	y	z	U_iso*/U_eq
P1	0.3565 (2)	0.56638 (7)	0.24090 (8)	0.0290 (4)
P2	0.51867 (18)	0.63068 (7)	0.33654 (8)	0.0269 (4)
P3	0.33668 (18)	0.64220 (7)	0.15340 (8)	0.0260 (4)
N1	0.9399 (6)	0.9125 (3)	0.2580 (3)	0.0349 (12)
Li1	0.5000 (13)	0.7397 (5)	0.2529 (6)	0.032 (2)
Li2	0.3071 (13)	0.4320 (5)	0.2412 (6)	0.036 (2)
C1	0.7050 (7)	0.8108 (3)	0.2625 (3)	0.0319 (13)
C2	0.5670 (8)	0.8291 (3)	0.1954 (3)	0.0369 (14)
H2	0.5578	0.8235	0.145	0.044*
C3	0.4453 (8)	0.8569 (3)	0.2148 (4)	0.0450 (17)
H3	0.3384	0.8727	0.1799	0.054*
C4	0.5056 (9)	0.8575 (3)	0.2927 (4)	0.0460 (17)
H4	0.4478	0.8738	0.321	0.055*
C5	0.6659 (9)	0.8301 (3)	0.3232 (3)	0.0400 (16)
H5	0.737	0.8252	0.376	0.048*
C6	0.8712 (9)	0.7859 (4)	0.2700 (5)	0.0536 (19)
H6A	0.8619	0.7704	0.2206	0.064*
H6B	0.9075	0.7458	0.3046	0.064*
C7	0.9994 (9)	0.8457 (4)	0.3003 (5)	0.0528 (19)
H7A	1.0261	0.8538	0.3537	0.063*
H7B	1.1005	0.8312	0.2969	0.063*
C8	1.0617 (9)	0.9682 (4)	0.2961 (4)	0.0498 (17)
H8A	1.0249	1.0119	0.2687	0.075*
H8B	1.167	0.9551	0.2973	0.075*
H8C	1.0731	0.974	0.3473	0.075*
C9	0.9215 (10)	0.9045 (4)	0.1805 (4)	0.0552 (19)
H9A	1.0235	0.8871	0.1812	0.083*
H9B	0.8952	0.9496	0.1551	0.083*
H9C	0.8336	0.8715	0.1537	0.083*
C10	0.7138 (8)	0.5767 (4)	0.3918 (4)	0.0415 (15)
C11	0.6889 (11)	0.5100 (4)	0.4292 (4)	0.060 (2)
H11A	0.6598	0.5226	0.4699	0.09*
H11B	0.7898	0.4828	0.4493	0.09*
H11C	0.6012	0.4822	0.3921	0.09*
C12	0.8439 (10)	0.6256 (5)	0.4510 (4)	0.062 (2)
H12A	0.859	0.667	0.426	0.093*
H12B	0.9475	0.6007	0.4753	0.093*
H12C	0.8064	0.6394	0.4887	0.093*
C13	0.7840 (9)	0.5558 (4)	0.3354 (4)	0.0536 (19)
H13A	0.8041	0.5977	0.3125	0.08*
H13B	0.7057	0.526	0.2964	0.08*
H13C	0.8864	0.5305	0.3617	0.08*
C14	0.4030 (9)	0.6415 (4)	0.3992 (3)	0.0427 (16)
C15	0.3039 (12)	0.5759 (5)	0.4005 (5)	0.067 (2)
H15A	0.2249	0.5648	0.3495	0.1*
H15B	0.2463	0.5851	0.4316	0.1*
H15C	0.3781	0.5366	0.4213	0.1*
C16	0.5123 (11)	0.6646 (5)	0.4799 (4)	0.063 (2)
H16A	0.5816	0.7032	0.4789	0.094*
H16B	0.5807	0.6255	0.5076	0.094*
H16C	0.4441	0.6796	0.5043	0.094*
C17	0.2809 (10)	0.7008 (4)	0.3627 (4)	0.055 (2)
H17A	0.2075	0.6878	0.3113	0.082*
H17B	0.34	0.7432	0.3621	0.082*
H17C	0.2174	0.709	0.3914	0.082*
C18	0.4247 (8)	0.5971 (3)	0.0903 (3)	0.0340 (13)
C19	0.3811 (13)	0.5198 (4)	0.0759 (5)	0.062 (2)
H19A	0.265	0.5151	0.0429	0.093*
H19B	0.4051	0.4964	0.1235	0.093*
H19C	0.4453	0.4985	0.0523	0.093*
C20	0.3761 (12)	0.6371 (4)	0.0141 (4)	0.059 (2)
H20A	0.4116	0.6856	0.0243	0.089*
H20B	0.2578	0.6355	−0.015	0.089*
H20C	0.4289	0.615	−0.0144	0.089*
C21	0.6111 (10)	0.6071 (5)	0.1337 (4)	0.064 (2)
H21A	0.6354	0.6565	0.1452	0.096*
H21B	0.6649	0.5907	0.103	0.096*
H21C	0.651	0.5804	0.1803	0.096*
C22	0.1056 (7)	0.6575 (3)	0.0937 (3)	0.0343 (14)
C23	0.0350 (9)	0.6805 (4)	0.1482 (4)	0.0488 (17)
H23A	0.0928	0.722	0.1753	0.073*
H23B	0.0481	0.643	0.1838	0.073*
H23C	−0.0808	0.6912	0.1201	0.073*
C24	0.0087 (9)	0.5933 (4)	0.0490 (4)	0.055 (2)
H24A	0.0451	0.5812	0.0105	0.082*
H24B	−0.1077	0.6043	0.0252	0.082*
H24C	0.0275	0.5539	0.083	0.082*
C25	0.0831 (10)	0.7205 (4)	0.0392 (4)	0.0540 (19)
H25A	0.1163	0.7065	0.0002	0.081*
H25B	0.1505	0.7596	0.0674	0.081*
H25C	−0.0314	0.7346	0.0161	0.081*

Atomic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	U¹¹	U²²	U³³	U¹²	U¹³	U²³
P1	0.0402 (9)	0.0167 (7)	0.0282 (8)	−0.0029 (6)	0.0129 (7)	0.0010 (5)
P2	0.0360 (8)	0.0175 (7)	0.0253 (8)	0.0028 (6)	0.0113 (6)	0.0008 (5)
P3	0.0339 (8)	0.0165 (7)	0.0256 (8)	0.0011 (6)	0.0108 (6)	0.0011 (5)
N1	0.035 (3)	0.026 (3)	0.047 (3)	−0.002 (2)	0.021 (2)	−0.003 (2)
Li1	0.041 (5)	0.018 (5)	0.040 (6)	−0.001 (4)	0.021 (4)	−0.001 (4)
Li2	0.043 (6)	0.019 (5)	0.049 (6)	−0.004 (4)	0.023 (5)	0.002 (4)
C1	0.036 (3)	0.012 (3)	0.048 (4)	0.000 (2)	0.017 (3)	0.001 (2)
C2	0.051 (4)	0.027 (3)	0.034 (3)	−0.015 (3)	0.018 (3)	−0.001 (2)
C3	0.035 (3)	0.020 (3)	0.072 (5)	−0.005 (3)	0.015 (3)	0.012 (3)
C4	0.059 (4)	0.020 (3)	0.074 (5)	−0.008 (3)	0.043 (4)	−0.013 (3)
C5	0.060 (4)	0.025 (3)	0.030 (3)	−0.018 (3)	0.015 (3)	−0.004 (2)
C6	0.046 (4)	0.027 (4)	0.094 (6)	0.005 (3)	0.035 (4)	0.004 (3)
C7	0.035 (4)	0.044 (4)	0.076 (5)	−0.001 (3)	0.022 (4)	0.010 (4)
C8	0.044 (4)	0.040 (4)	0.061 (5)	−0.007 (3)	0.018 (3)	−0.008 (3)
C9	0.062 (5)	0.054 (5)	0.059 (5)	−0.011 (4)	0.035 (4)	−0.008 (3)
C10	0.043 (4)	0.041 (4)	0.031 (3)	0.006 (3)	0.007 (3)	−0.003 (3)
C11	0.087 (6)	0.038 (4)	0.042 (4)	0.027 (4)	0.016 (4)	0.017 (3)
C12	0.049 (4)	0.061 (5)	0.049 (5)	0.001 (4)	−0.003 (4)	−0.012 (4)
C13	0.044 (4)	0.059 (5)	0.053 (5)	0.016 (3)	0.016 (3)	−0.003 (3)
C14	0.051 (4)	0.053 (4)	0.027 (3)	0.012 (3)	0.018 (3)	0.005 (3)
C15	0.089 (6)	0.074 (6)	0.061 (5)	0.005 (5)	0.054 (5)	0.011 (4)
C16	0.081 (6)	0.069 (6)	0.034 (4)	0.026 (4)	0.019 (4)	−0.006 (3)
C17	0.064 (5)	0.062 (5)	0.045 (4)	0.026 (4)	0.029 (4)	0.002 (3)
C18	0.048 (4)	0.024 (3)	0.032 (3)	0.006 (3)	0.019 (3)	0.000 (2)
C19	0.108 (7)	0.033 (4)	0.068 (5)	0.007 (4)	0.058 (5)	−0.008 (3)
C20	0.091 (6)	0.053 (5)	0.045 (4)	0.004 (4)	0.040 (4)	0.009 (3)
C21	0.057 (5)	0.088 (7)	0.054 (5)	0.013 (4)	0.031 (4)	−0.003 (4)
C22	0.033 (3)	0.031 (3)	0.030 (3)	0.005 (2)	0.005 (3)	0.001 (2)
C23	0.038 (4)	0.052 (4)	0.048 (4)	0.011 (3)	0.010 (3)	−0.002 (3)
C24	0.048 (4)	0.048 (5)	0.048 (4)	−0.008 (3)	0.001 (3)	−0.006 (3)
C25	0.058 (4)	0.044 (4)	0.048 (4)	0.015 (3)	0.010 (3)	0.017 (3)

Geometric parameters (Å, º) top

P1—P3	2.168 (2)	C9—H9C	0.96
P1—P2	2.169 (2)	C10—C11	1.515 (10)
P1—Li2	2.571 (10)	C10—C13	1.527 (10)
P2—C10	1.900 (7)	C10—C12	1.540 (10)
P2—C14	1.910 (7)	C11—H11A	0.96
P2—Li1	2.579 (10)	C11—H11B	0.96
P3—C22	1.903 (6)	C11—H11C	0.96
P3—C18	1.912 (6)	C12—H12A	0.96
P3—Li1	2.611 (10)	C12—H12B	0.96
N1—C9	1.448 (8)	C12—H12C	0.96
N1—C8	1.463 (8)	C13—H13A	0.96
N1—C7	1.472 (9)	C13—H13B	0.96
N1—Li2ⁱ	2.237 (12)	C13—H13C	0.96
Li1—C1	2.208 (11)	C14—C17	1.508 (10)
Li1—C2	2.238 (11)	C14—C16	1.511 (10)
Li1—C5	2.286 (11)	C14—C15	1.525 (12)
Li1—C3	2.314 (11)	C15—H15A	0.96
Li1—C4	2.345 (11)	C15—H15B	0.96
Li2—N1ⁱⁱ	2.237 (12)	C15—H15C	0.96
Li2—C1ⁱⁱ	2.287 (11)	C16—H16A	0.96
Li2—C2ⁱⁱ	2.314 (12)	C16—H16B	0.96
Li2—C5ⁱⁱ	2.359 (12)	C16—H16C	0.96
Li2—C3ⁱⁱ	2.447 (12)	C17—H17A	0.96
Li2—C4ⁱⁱ	2.475 (12)	C17—H17B	0.96
C1—C2	1.398 (9)	C17—H17C	0.96
C1—C5	1.410 (9)	C18—C19	1.503 (10)
C1—C6	1.500 (9)	C18—C21	1.518 (11)
C1—Li2ⁱ	2.287 (11)	C18—C20	1.547 (9)
C2—C3	1.394 (10)	C19—H19A	0.96
C2—Li2ⁱ	2.314 (12)	C19—H19B	0.96
C2—H2	0.95	C19—H19C	0.96
C3—C4	1.370 (10)	C20—H20A	0.96
C3—Li2ⁱ	2.447 (12)	C20—H20B	0.96
C3—H3	0.95	C20—H20C	0.96
C4—C5	1.390 (10)	C21—H21A	0.96
C4—Li2ⁱ	2.475 (12)	C21—H21B	0.96
C4—H4	0.95	C21—H21C	0.96
C5—Li2ⁱ	2.359 (12)	C22—C23	1.506 (9)
C5—H5	0.9501	C22—C24	1.524 (9)
C6—C7	1.533 (10)	C22—C25	1.546 (9)
C6—H6A	0.97	C23—H23A	0.96
C6—H6B	0.97	C23—H23B	0.96
C7—H7A	0.97	C23—H23C	0.96
C7—H7B	0.97	C24—H24A	0.96
C8—H8A	0.96	C24—H24B	0.96
C8—H8B	0.96	C24—H24C	0.96
C8—H8C	0.96	C25—H25A	0.96
C9—H9A	0.96	C25—H25B	0.96
C9—H9B	0.96	C25—H25C	0.96

P3—P1—P2	95.87 (8)	C7—C6—H6B	109.6
P3—P1—Li2	134.0 (2)	H6A—C6—H6B	108.1
P2—P1—Li2	126.9 (2)	N1—C7—C6	112.6 (6)
C10—P2—C14	108.1 (3)	N1—C7—H7A	109.1
C10—P2—P1	107.3 (2)	C6—C7—H7A	109.1
C14—P2—P1	105.1 (2)	N1—C7—H7B	109.1
C10—P2—Li1	125.4 (3)	C6—C7—H7B	109.1
C14—P2—Li1	114.1 (3)	H7A—C7—H7B	107.8
P1—P2—Li1	93.8 (2)	N1—C8—H8A	109.5
C22—P3—C18	108.1 (3)	N1—C8—H8B	109.5
C22—P3—P1	106.3 (2)	H8A—C8—H8B	109.5
C18—P3—P1	106.83 (19)	N1—C8—H8C	109.5
C22—P3—Li1	117.3 (3)	H8A—C8—H8C	109.5
C18—P3—Li1	122.3 (3)	H8B—C8—H8C	109.5
P1—P3—Li1	93.0 (2)	N1—C9—H9A	109.5
C9—N1—C8	109.2 (5)	N1—C9—H9B	109.5
C9—N1—C7	110.1 (6)	H9A—C9—H9B	109.5
C8—N1—C7	108.6 (5)	N1—C9—H9C	109.5
C9—N1—Li2ⁱ	110.5 (5)	H9A—C9—H9C	109.5
C8—N1—Li2ⁱ	113.4 (5)	H9B—C9—H9C	109.5
C7—N1—Li2ⁱ	104.9 (5)	C11—C10—C13	108.5 (6)
C1—Li1—C2	36.6 (3)	C11—C10—C12	110.9 (6)
C1—Li1—C5	36.5 (3)	C13—C10—C12	106.3 (6)
C2—Li1—C5	59.6 (3)	C11—C10—P2	115.4 (5)
C1—Li1—C3	60.0 (3)	C13—C10—P2	106.9 (4)
C2—Li1—C3	35.6 (3)	C12—C10—P2	108.4 (5)
C5—Li1—C3	58.2 (3)	C10—C11—H11A	109.5
C1—Li1—C4	59.8 (3)	C10—C11—H11B	109.5
C2—Li1—C4	58.6 (3)	H11A—C11—H11B	109.5
C5—Li1—C4	34.9 (3)	C10—C11—H11C	109.5
C3—Li1—C4	34.2 (3)	H11A—C11—H11C	109.5
C1—Li1—P2	127.0 (5)	H11B—C11—H11C	109.5
C2—Li1—P2	162.6 (5)	C10—C12—H12A	109.5
C5—Li1—P2	111.6 (4)	C10—C12—H12B	109.5
C3—Li1—P2	155.4 (5)	H12A—C12—H12B	109.5
C4—Li1—P2	124.1 (4)	C10—C12—H12C	109.5
C1—Li1—P3	132.0 (5)	H12A—C12—H12C	109.5
C2—Li1—P3	110.2 (4)	H12B—C12—H12C	109.5
C5—Li1—P3	168.4 (5)	C10—C13—H13A	109.5
C3—Li1—P3	117.5 (4)	C10—C13—H13B	109.5
C4—Li1—P3	146.8 (5)	H13A—C13—H13B	109.5
P2—Li1—P3	76.7 (3)	C10—C13—H13C	109.5
N1ⁱⁱ—Li2—C1ⁱⁱ	78.6 (4)	H13A—C13—H13C	109.5
N1ⁱⁱ—Li2—C2ⁱⁱ	96.4 (4)	H13B—C13—H13C	109.5
C1ⁱⁱ—Li2—C2ⁱⁱ	35.4 (3)	C17—C14—C16	106.8 (6)
N1ⁱⁱ—Li2—C5ⁱⁱ	101.1 (4)	C17—C14—C15	107.5 (7)
C1ⁱⁱ—Li2—C5ⁱⁱ	35.3 (3)	C16—C14—C15	109.7 (6)
C2ⁱⁱ—Li2—C5ⁱⁱ	57.5 (3)	C17—C14—P2	104.9 (4)
N1ⁱⁱ—Li2—C3ⁱⁱ	130.1 (5)	C16—C14—P2	113.9 (5)
C1ⁱⁱ—Li2—C3ⁱⁱ	57.0 (3)	C15—C14—P2	113.5 (5)
C2ⁱⁱ—Li2—C3ⁱⁱ	33.9 (3)	C14—C15—H15A	109.5
C5ⁱⁱ—Li2—C3ⁱⁱ	55.4 (3)	C14—C15—H15B	109.5
N1ⁱⁱ—Li2—C4ⁱⁱ	133.2 (5)	H15A—C15—H15B	109.5
C1ⁱⁱ—Li2—C4ⁱⁱ	56.8 (3)	C14—C15—H15C	109.5
C2ⁱⁱ—Li2—C4ⁱⁱ	55.7 (3)	H15A—C15—H15C	109.5
C5ⁱⁱ—Li2—C4ⁱⁱ	33.3 (3)	H15B—C15—H15C	109.5
C3ⁱⁱ—Li2—C4ⁱⁱ	32.3 (3)	C14—C16—H16A	109.5
N1ⁱⁱ—Li2—P1	109.4 (4)	C14—C16—H16B	109.5
C1ⁱⁱ—Li2—P1	171.8 (5)	H16A—C16—H16B	109.5
C2ⁱⁱ—Li2—P1	141.5 (5)	C14—C16—H16C	109.5
C5ⁱⁱ—Li2—P1	138.1 (5)	H16A—C16—H16C	109.5
C3ⁱⁱ—Li2—P1	116.2 (4)	H16B—C16—H16C	109.5
C4ⁱⁱ—Li2—P1	115.0 (4)	C14—C17—H17A	109.5
C2—C1—C5	106.4 (6)	C14—C17—H17B	109.5
C2—C1—C6	127.2 (6)	H17A—C17—H17B	109.5
C5—C1—C6	125.9 (6)	C14—C17—H17C	109.5
C2—C1—Li1	72.9 (4)	H17A—C17—H17C	109.5
C5—C1—Li1	74.7 (4)	H17B—C17—H17C	109.5
C6—C1—Li1	124.3 (5)	C19—C18—C21	111.0 (7)
C2—C1—Li2ⁱ	73.4 (4)	C19—C18—C20	110.5 (6)
C5—C1—Li2ⁱ	75.2 (4)	C21—C18—C20	105.2 (6)
C6—C1—Li2ⁱ	110.3 (5)	C19—C18—P3	113.9 (5)
Li1—C1—Li2ⁱ	125.3 (5)	C21—C18—P3	103.9 (4)
C3—C2—C1	108.4 (6)	C20—C18—P3	111.8 (4)
C3—C2—Li1	75.2 (4)	C18—C19—H19A	109.5
C1—C2—Li1	70.5 (4)	C18—C19—H19B	109.5
C3—C2—Li2ⁱ	78.3 (5)	H19A—C19—H19B	109.5
C1—C2—Li2ⁱ	71.2 (4)	C18—C19—H19C	109.5
Li1—C2—Li2ⁱ	122.6 (4)	H19A—C19—H19C	109.5
C3—C2—H2	125.8	H19B—C19—H19C	109.5
C1—C2—H2	125.8	C18—C20—H20A	109.5
Li1—C2—H2	120.3	C18—C20—H20B	109.5
Li2ⁱ—C2—H2	116.6	H20A—C20—H20B	109.5
C4—C3—C2	108.5 (6)	C18—C20—H20C	109.5
C4—C3—Li1	74.1 (4)	H20A—C20—H20C	109.5
C2—C3—Li1	69.2 (4)	H20B—C20—H20C	109.5
C4—C3—Li2ⁱ	75.0 (5)	C18—C21—H21A	109.5
C2—C3—Li2ⁱ	67.8 (4)	C18—C21—H21B	109.5
Li1—C3—Li2ⁱ	113.9 (4)	H21A—C21—H21B	109.5
C4—C3—H3	125.7	C18—C21—H21C	109.5
C2—C3—H3	125.7	H21A—C21—H21C	109.5
Li1—C3—H3	122.5	H21B—C21—H21C	109.5
Li2ⁱ—C3—H3	123.1	C23—C22—C24	108.9 (6)
C3—C4—C5	108.2 (6)	C23—C22—C25	106.7 (6)
C3—C4—Li1	71.7 (4)	C24—C22—C25	110.2 (5)
C5—C4—Li1	70.2 (4)	C23—C22—P3	106.5 (4)
C3—C4—Li2ⁱ	72.7 (4)	C24—C22—P3	115.4 (5)
C5—C4—Li2ⁱ	68.8 (4)	C25—C22—P3	108.8 (5)
Li1—C4—Li2ⁱ	111.8 (4)	C22—C23—H23A	109.5
C3—C4—H4	125.9	C22—C23—H23B	109.5
C5—C4—H4	125.9	H23A—C23—H23B	109.5
Li1—C4—H4	123.8	C22—C23—H23C	109.5
Li2ⁱ—C4—H4	124.2	H23A—C23—H23C	109.5
C4—C5—C1	108.4 (6)	H23B—C23—H23C	109.5
C4—C5—Li1	74.9 (4)	C22—C24—H24A	109.5
C1—C5—Li1	68.7 (4)	C22—C24—H24B	109.5
C4—C5—Li2ⁱ	77.9 (5)	H24A—C24—H24B	109.5
C1—C5—Li2ⁱ	69.5 (4)	C22—C24—H24C	109.5
Li1—C5—Li2ⁱ	118.5 (4)	H24A—C24—H24C	109.5
C4—C5—H5	125.8	H24B—C24—H24C	109.5
C1—C5—H5	125.8	C22—C25—H25A	109.5
Li1—C5—H5	122.3	C22—C25—H25B	109.5
Li2ⁱ—C5—H5	118.5	H25A—C25—H25B	109.5
C1—C6—C7	110.4 (6)	C22—C25—H25C	109.5
C1—C6—H6A	109.6	H25A—C25—H25C	109.5
C7—C6—H6A	109.6	H25B—C25—H25C	109.5
C1—C6—H6B	109.6

P3—P1—P2—C10	−122.7 (2)	C5—Li1—C3—C4	−36.5 (4)
Li2—P1—P2—C10	39.2 (4)	P2—Li1—C3—C4	35.0 (12)
P3—P1—P2—C14	122.5 (2)	P3—Li1—C3—C4	155.9 (6)
Li2—P1—P2—C14	−75.6 (4)	C1—Li1—C3—C2	38.2 (4)
P3—P1—P2—Li1	6.3 (2)	C5—Li1—C3—C2	81.0 (4)
Li2—P1—P2—Li1	168.2 (4)	C4—Li1—C3—C2	117.5 (6)
P2—P1—P3—C22	−125.8 (2)	P2—Li1—C3—C2	152.5 (12)
Li2—P1—P3—C22	74.4 (4)	P3—Li1—C3—C2	−86.6 (5)
P2—P1—P3—C18	118.9 (2)	C1—Li1—C3—Li2ⁱ	−14.2 (5)
Li2—P1—P3—C18	−40.9 (4)	C2—Li1—C3—Li2ⁱ	−52.4 (5)
P2—P1—P3—Li1	−6.2 (2)	C5—Li1—C3—Li2ⁱ	28.6 (5)
Li2—P1—P3—Li1	−166.0 (4)	C4—Li1—C3—Li2ⁱ	65.1 (5)
C10—P2—Li1—C1	−24.0 (7)	P2—Li1—C3—Li2ⁱ	100.1 (12)
C14—P2—Li1—C1	113.2 (5)	P3—Li1—C3—Li2ⁱ	−139.0 (5)
P1—P2—Li1—C1	−138.4 (5)	C2—C3—C4—C5	0.0 (7)
C10—P2—Li1—C2	−6.4 (17)	Li1—C3—C4—C5	61.0 (5)
C14—P2—Li1—C2	130.8 (15)	Li2ⁱ—C3—C4—C5	−59.9 (5)
P1—P2—Li1—C2	−120.8 (16)	C2—C3—C4—Li1	−61.0 (5)
C10—P2—Li1—C5	−62.4 (5)	Li2ⁱ—C3—C4—Li1	−120.9 (4)
C14—P2—Li1—C5	74.8 (5)	C2—C3—C4—Li2ⁱ	59.8 (5)
P1—P2—Li1—C5	−176.7 (4)	Li1—C3—C4—Li2ⁱ	120.9 (4)
C10—P2—Li1—C3	−122.4 (11)	C1—Li1—C4—C3	80.2 (4)
C14—P2—Li1—C3	14.8 (13)	C2—Li1—C4—C3	37.3 (4)
P1—P2—Li1—C3	123.2 (12)	C5—Li1—C4—C3	118.0 (6)
C10—P2—Li1—C4	−99.5 (6)	P2—Li1—C4—C3	−163.3 (6)
C14—P2—Li1—C4	37.7 (6)	P3—Li1—C4—C3	−41.4 (9)
P1—P2—Li1—C4	146.1 (5)	C1—Li1—C4—C5	−37.8 (4)
C10—P2—Li1—P3	109.1 (3)	C2—Li1—C4—C5	−80.7 (5)
C14—P2—Li1—P3	−113.7 (3)	C3—Li1—C4—C5	−118.0 (6)
P1—P2—Li1—P3	−5.3 (2)	P2—Li1—C4—C5	78.7 (6)
C22—P3—Li1—C1	−116.3 (6)	P3—Li1—C4—C5	−159.4 (9)
C18—P3—Li1—C1	21.5 (7)	C1—Li1—C4—Li2ⁱ	18.2 (4)
P1—P3—Li1—C1	133.6 (6)	C2—Li1—C4—Li2ⁱ	−24.7 (4)
C22—P3—Li1—C2	−81.3 (5)	C5—Li1—C4—Li2ⁱ	56.0 (5)
C18—P3—Li1—C2	56.5 (5)	C3—Li1—C4—Li2ⁱ	−62.0 (5)
P1—P3—Li1—C2	168.6 (4)	P2—Li1—C4—Li2ⁱ	134.8 (5)
C22—P3—Li1—C5	−108 (2)	P3—Li1—C4—Li2ⁱ	−103.4 (9)
C18—P3—Li1—C5	30 (3)	C3—C4—C5—C1	−1.0 (7)
P1—P3—Li1—C5	142 (2)	Li1—C4—C5—C1	60.9 (5)
C22—P3—Li1—C3	−43.1 (6)	Li2ⁱ—C4—C5—C1	−63.4 (5)
C18—P3—Li1—C3	94.7 (5)	C3—C4—C5—Li1	−61.9 (5)
P1—P3—Li1—C3	−153.2 (4)	Li2ⁱ—C4—C5—Li1	−124.3 (4)
C22—P3—Li1—C4	−18.3 (10)	C3—C4—C5—Li2ⁱ	62.4 (5)
C18—P3—Li1—C4	119.5 (8)	Li1—C4—C5—Li2ⁱ	124.3 (4)
P1—P3—Li1—C4	−128.4 (8)	C2—C1—C5—C4	1.6 (7)
C22—P3—Li1—P2	115.4 (3)	C6—C1—C5—C4	173.5 (6)
C18—P3—Li1—P2	−106.8 (3)	Li1—C1—C5—C4	−64.9 (5)
P1—P3—Li1—P2	5.3 (2)	Li2ⁱ—C1—C5—C4	68.9 (5)
P3—P1—Li2—N1ⁱⁱ	−101.3 (4)	C2—C1—C5—Li1	66.5 (5)
P2—P1—Li2—N1ⁱⁱ	104.1 (4)	C6—C1—C5—Li1	−121.6 (6)
P3—P1—Li2—C2ⁱⁱ	129.4 (7)	Li2ⁱ—C1—C5—Li1	133.8 (4)
P2—P1—Li2—C2ⁱⁱ	−25.2 (9)	C2—C1—C5—Li2ⁱ	−67.3 (5)
P3—P1—Li2—C5ⁱⁱ	33.1 (9)	C6—C1—C5—Li2ⁱ	104.6 (7)
P2—P1—Li2—C5ⁱⁱ	−121.5 (6)	Li1—C1—C5—Li2ⁱ	−133.8 (4)
P3—P1—Li2—C3ⁱⁱ	99.6 (5)	C1—Li1—C5—C4	117.2 (6)
P2—P1—Li2—C3ⁱⁱ	−55.0 (6)	C2—Li1—C5—C4	77.6 (5)
P3—P1—Li2—C4ⁱⁱ	63.7 (6)	C3—Li1—C5—C4	35.7 (4)
P2—P1—Li2—C4ⁱⁱ	−91.0 (5)	P2—Li1—C5—C4	−119.2 (5)
C5—Li1—C1—C2	−112.9 (6)	P3—Li1—C5—C4	107 (2)
C3—Li1—C1—C2	−37.1 (4)	C2—Li1—C5—C1	−39.6 (4)
C4—Li1—C1—C2	−76.8 (4)	C3—Li1—C5—C1	−81.4 (4)
P2—Li1—C1—C2	171.2 (6)	C4—Li1—C5—C1	−117.2 (6)
P3—Li1—C1—C2	64.3 (6)	P2—Li1—C5—C1	123.7 (5)
C2—Li1—C1—C5	112.9 (6)	P3—Li1—C5—C1	−10 (2)
C3—Li1—C1—C5	75.8 (4)	C1—Li1—C5—Li2ⁱ	50.3 (5)
C4—Li1—C1—C5	36.1 (4)	C2—Li1—C5—Li2ⁱ	10.7 (5)
P2—Li1—C1—C5	−75.8 (6)	C3—Li1—C5—Li2ⁱ	−31.1 (5)
P3—Li1—C1—C5	177.2 (7)	C4—Li1—C5—Li2ⁱ	−66.8 (5)
C2—Li1—C1—C6	−123.8 (8)	P2—Li1—C5—Li2ⁱ	174.0 (4)
C5—Li1—C1—C6	123.3 (7)	P3—Li1—C5—Li2ⁱ	40 (3)
C3—Li1—C1—C6	−160.9 (7)	C2—C1—C6—C7	103.9 (8)
C4—Li1—C1—C6	159.4 (7)	C5—C1—C6—C7	−66.4 (9)
P2—Li1—C1—C6	47.5 (9)	Li1—C1—C6—C7	−162.1 (6)
P3—Li1—C1—C6	−59.5 (9)	Li2ⁱ—C1—C6—C7	19.7 (8)
C2—Li1—C1—Li2ⁱ	54.2 (5)	C9—N1—C7—C6	−66.8 (8)
C5—Li1—C1—Li2ⁱ	−58.8 (6)	C8—N1—C7—C6	173.6 (6)
C3—Li1—C1—Li2ⁱ	17.1 (5)	Li2ⁱ—N1—C7—C6	52.1 (8)
C4—Li1—C1—Li2ⁱ	−22.7 (5)	C1—C6—C7—N1	−49.6 (9)
P2—Li1—C1—Li2ⁱ	−134.6 (5)	C14—P2—C10—C11	47.7 (6)
P3—Li1—C1—Li2ⁱ	118.5 (6)	P1—P2—C10—C11	−65.1 (5)
C5—C1—C2—C3	−1.6 (6)	Li1—P2—C10—C11	−173.0 (5)
C6—C1—C2—C3	−173.4 (6)	C14—P2—C10—C13	168.4 (5)
Li1—C1—C2—C3	66.2 (5)	P1—P2—C10—C13	55.6 (5)
Li2ⁱ—C1—C2—C3	−70.2 (5)	Li1—P2—C10—C13	−52.3 (6)
C5—C1—C2—Li1	−67.8 (5)	C14—P2—C10—C12	−77.4 (6)
C6—C1—C2—Li1	120.4 (7)	P1—P2—C10—C12	169.8 (5)
Li2ⁱ—C1—C2—Li1	−136.4 (4)	Li1—P2—C10—C12	61.9 (6)
C5—C1—C2—Li2ⁱ	68.5 (5)	C10—P2—C14—C17	164.2 (5)
C6—C1—C2—Li2ⁱ	−103.2 (7)	P1—P2—C14—C17	−81.5 (5)
Li1—C1—C2—Li2ⁱ	136.4 (4)	Li1—P2—C14—C17	19.8 (6)
C1—Li1—C2—C3	−116.1 (6)	C10—P2—C14—C16	47.7 (6)
C5—Li1—C2—C3	−76.7 (5)	P1—P2—C14—C16	162.0 (5)
C4—Li1—C2—C3	−35.8 (4)	Li1—P2—C14—C16	−96.6 (6)
P2—Li1—C2—C3	−140.1 (16)	C10—P2—C14—C15	−78.7 (6)
P3—Li1—C2—C3	109.4 (5)	P1—P2—C14—C15	35.6 (6)
C5—Li1—C2—C1	39.5 (4)	Li1—P2—C14—C15	136.9 (5)
C3—Li1—C2—C1	116.1 (6)	C22—P3—C18—C19	−75.4 (6)
C4—Li1—C2—C1	80.4 (4)	P1—P3—C18—C19	38.6 (6)
P2—Li1—C2—C1	−23.9 (16)	Li1—P3—C18—C19	143.5 (5)
P3—Li1—C2—C1	−134.5 (5)	C22—P3—C18—C21	163.7 (5)
C1—Li1—C2—Li2ⁱ	−50.9 (5)	P1—P3—C18—C21	−82.2 (5)
C5—Li1—C2—Li2ⁱ	−11.4 (5)	Li1—P3—C18—C21	22.6 (6)
C3—Li1—C2—Li2ⁱ	65.3 (6)	C22—P3—C18—C20	50.8 (6)
C4—Li1—C2—Li2ⁱ	29.5 (5)	P1—P3—C18—C20	164.8 (5)
P2—Li1—C2—Li2ⁱ	−74.8 (17)	Li1—P3—C18—C20	−90.3 (6)
P3—Li1—C2—Li2ⁱ	174.6 (4)	C18—P3—C22—C23	170.0 (4)
C1—C2—C3—C4	1.0 (7)	P1—P3—C22—C23	55.6 (5)
Li1—C2—C3—C4	64.2 (5)	Li1—P3—C22—C23	−46.7 (6)
Li2ⁱ—C2—C3—C4	−64.4 (5)	C18—P3—C22—C24	49.0 (6)
C1—C2—C3—Li1	−63.1 (5)	P1—P3—C22—C24	−65.4 (5)
Li2ⁱ—C2—C3—Li1	−128.6 (4)	Li1—P3—C22—C24	−167.6 (5)
C1—C2—C3—Li2ⁱ	65.5 (5)	C18—P3—C22—C25	−75.4 (5)
Li1—C2—C3—Li2ⁱ	128.6 (4)	P1—P3—C22—C25	170.2 (4)
C1—Li1—C3—C4	−79.3 (5)	Li1—P3—C22—C25	68.0 (5)
C2—Li1—C3—C4	−117.5 (6)

Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, y+1/2, −z+1/2; (ii) −x+1, y−1/2, −z+1/2.

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formula	[Li₂(C₉H₁₄N)(C₁₆H₃₆P₃)]
M_r	471.45
Crystal system, space group	Monoclinic, P2₁/c
Temperature (K)	120
a, b, c (Å)	8.9063 (6), 18.8522 (8), 19.3934 (17)
β (°)	115.314 (6)
V (Å³)	2943.5 (3)
Z	4
Radiation type	Mo Kα
µ (mm⁻¹)	0.21
Crystal size (mm)	0.44 × 0.23 × 0.2

Data collection
Diffractometer	Oxford Diffraction Xcalibur diffractometer with a Sapphire2 (large Be window) detector
Absorption correction	Multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Oxford Diffraction, 2009)
T_min, T_max	0.734, 1
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections	14505, 4818, 3492
R_int	0.093
(sin θ/λ)_max (Å⁻¹)	0.597

Refinement
R[F² > 2σ(F²)], wR(F²), S	0.095, 0.258, 1.13
No. of reflections	4818
No. of parameters	294
H-atom treatment	H-atom parameters constrained
	w = 1/[σ²(F_o²) + (0.0825P)² + 14.0784P] where P = (F_o² + 2F_c²)/3
Δρ_max, Δρ_min (e Å⁻³)	0.72, −0.61

Computer programs: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997), WinGX (Farrugia, 1999).

Acknowledgements

We thank the Polish State Committee of Scientific Research (project No. NN204271535) for financial support.

References

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