organic compounds
2-{5,5-Dimethyl-3-[2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethenyl]cyclohex-2-enylidene}propanedinitrile
aThe College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
*Correspondence e-mail: chenliuqingluck@163.com
The molecule of the title compound, C18H17N3, with the exception of the –C(CH3)2 group, is nearly planar [maximum deviation: 0.208 (4), r.m.s. deviation 0.099 (6) Å] and the disubstituted C atom is displaced by 0.679 (2) Å from the mean plane through the remaining non-H atoms. In the crystal, the packing is stabilized by weak C—H⋯π interactions.
Related literature
For the synthesis, see: Lemke (1970). For a related structure, see: Kolev et al. (2001). For puckering parameters, see: Cremer & Pople (1975).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Refinement
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Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 2000); cell SAINT-Plus (Bruker, 2000); data reduction: SAINT-Plus; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEPIII (Burnett & Johnson, 1996) and ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 1997); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL/PC (Sheldrick, 2008) and PLATON (Spek, 2009).
Supporting information
10.1107/S1600536811001486/dn2652sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536811001486/dn2652Isup2.hkl
The compound was synthesized in a manner similar to the general procedure described by Lemke (1970). And the preparation of compound 2-(3,5,5,-trimethylcyclohex-2-enylidene)malononitrile was previously reported by Kolev (Kolev, et al. 2001). Malononitrile (1.87 g, 28.3 mmol) and isophorone (3.90 g, 28.3 mmol) were added to a solution of acetic acid (28µl), acetic anhydride (18µl), piperidine (380µl) and DMF (5.0 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h and then at 80°C for 1 h. Then pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde (3.3789 g, 0.0122 mol) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at 80°C for 1 h. The mixture was poured into 200 ml of hot water containing 6 ml concentrated HCl and the precipitate was washed by water for three times. The solid was collected by filtration under reduced pressure and the crystals were grown from an CH3CN solution by slow evaporation at room temperature over a period of several days with a yield of 63%; 1H NMR(300 MHz, CDCl3): 1.03(s, 6H), 2.57(s, 2H), 2.64(s, 2H), 6.95(s,1H), 7.28(d, 2H), 7.64(d, 2H), 7.81~7.87(m, 1H), 8.61(d, 1H); IR(KBr, cm-1) ν:3404, 2962, 2224, 1609, 1574, 1522, 1462, 1322, 1262, 1210, 1158, 1097, 960, 890, 760; Anal. Calcd. For C18 H17 N3: C 78.45; H 6.17; N 15.25; Found: C78.41; H 6.17; N 15.22.
All H atoms attached to C atoms were fixed geometrically and treated as riding on their parent atoms with C—H = 0.96 Å (methyl), 0.97 Å (methylene) and 0.93 Å (aromatic) with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C methylene and aromatic) or Uiso(H) = 1.5Ueq(C methyl).
Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 2000); cell
SAINT-Plus (Bruker, 2000); data reduction: SAINT-Plus (Bruker, 2000); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEPIII (Burnett & Johnson, 1996) and ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 1997); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL/PC (Sheldrick, 2008) and PLATON (Spek, 2009).C18H17N3 | Z = 2 |
Mr = 275.35 | F(000) = 292 |
Triclinic, P1 | Dx = 1.228 Mg m−3 |
Hall symbol: -P 1 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
a = 8.4910 (17) Å | Cell parameters from 3453 reflections |
b = 9.6516 (19) Å | θ = 2.5–27.2° |
c = 9.6532 (19) Å | µ = 0.07 mm−1 |
α = 89.06 (3)° | T = 293 K |
β = 70.47 (3)° | Block, colorless |
γ = 87.02 (3)° | 0.24 × 0.20 × 0.10 mm |
V = 744.6 (3) Å3 |
Bruker SMART APEX CCD area-detector diffractometer | 2617 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 2076 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.020 |
ϕ and ω scans | θmax = 25.0°, θmin = 2.1° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2008) | h = −10→10 |
Tmin = 0.982, Tmax = 0.993 | k = −11→11 |
5037 measured reflections | l = −8→11 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.040 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.112 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.07 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0694P)2] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
2617 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
192 parameters | Δρmax = 0.23 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.20 e Å−3 |
C18H17N3 | γ = 87.02 (3)° |
Mr = 275.35 | V = 744.6 (3) Å3 |
Triclinic, P1 | Z = 2 |
a = 8.4910 (17) Å | Mo Kα radiation |
b = 9.6516 (19) Å | µ = 0.07 mm−1 |
c = 9.6532 (19) Å | T = 293 K |
α = 89.06 (3)° | 0.24 × 0.20 × 0.10 mm |
β = 70.47 (3)° |
Bruker SMART APEX CCD area-detector diffractometer | 2617 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2008) | 2076 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.982, Tmax = 0.993 | Rint = 0.020 |
5037 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.040 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.112 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.07 | Δρmax = 0.23 e Å−3 |
2617 reflections | Δρmin = −0.20 e Å−3 |
192 parameters |
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
N1 | 1.27970 (12) | −0.18230 (11) | 0.77938 (12) | 0.0255 (3) | |
N2 | 1.19520 (13) | 0.35307 (12) | 0.25775 (12) | 0.0284 (3) | |
N3 | 0.71256 (14) | 0.57738 (13) | 0.39307 (14) | 0.0374 (3) | |
C1 | 1.39339 (16) | −0.27762 (14) | 0.79280 (15) | 0.0301 (4) | |
H1 | 1.5036 | −0.2707 | 0.7316 | 0.036* | |
C2 | 1.35746 (17) | −0.38617 (14) | 0.89219 (15) | 0.0291 (3) | |
H2 | 1.4413 | −0.4502 | 0.8967 | 0.035* | |
C3 | 1.19582 (17) | −0.39740 (14) | 0.98393 (15) | 0.0289 (3) | |
H3 | 1.1678 | −0.4690 | 1.0521 | 0.035* | |
C4 | 1.07473 (16) | −0.29945 (14) | 0.97293 (14) | 0.0245 (3) | |
H4 | 0.9644 | −0.3042 | 1.0345 | 0.029* | |
C5 | 1.12001 (14) | −0.19426 (13) | 0.86906 (13) | 0.0196 (3) | |
C6 | 0.99405 (14) | −0.09422 (13) | 0.84861 (13) | 0.0197 (3) | |
H6 | 0.8844 | −0.0997 | 0.9117 | 0.024* | |
C7 | 1.02591 (14) | 0.00468 (13) | 0.74519 (13) | 0.0195 (3) | |
H7 | 1.1372 | 0.0131 | 0.6873 | 0.023* | |
C8 | 0.90367 (14) | 0.09977 (13) | 0.71496 (13) | 0.0182 (3) | |
C9 | 0.72124 (14) | 0.09492 (13) | 0.80722 (13) | 0.0196 (3) | |
H9A | 0.7055 | 0.1347 | 0.9028 | 0.024* | |
H9B | 0.6922 | −0.0014 | 0.8223 | 0.024* | |
C10 | 0.60033 (14) | 0.17193 (13) | 0.74062 (13) | 0.0194 (3) | |
C11 | 0.67159 (14) | 0.31267 (13) | 0.68002 (13) | 0.0199 (3) | |
H11A | 0.5989 | 0.3598 | 0.6333 | 0.024* | |
H11B | 0.6737 | 0.3702 | 0.7608 | 0.024* | |
C12 | 0.84488 (14) | 0.29522 (13) | 0.57089 (13) | 0.0184 (3) | |
C13 | 0.95597 (14) | 0.19220 (13) | 0.60334 (13) | 0.0199 (3) | |
H13 | 1.0684 | 0.1887 | 0.5455 | 0.024* | |
C14 | 0.57912 (15) | 0.08771 (14) | 0.61607 (14) | 0.0267 (3) | |
H14A | 0.5279 | 0.0026 | 0.6546 | 0.040* | |
H14B | 0.6867 | 0.0673 | 0.5435 | 0.040* | |
H14C | 0.5094 | 0.1403 | 0.5717 | 0.040* | |
C15 | 0.42935 (15) | 0.19588 (14) | 0.85935 (14) | 0.0260 (3) | |
H15A | 0.3547 | 0.2455 | 0.8181 | 0.039* | |
H15B | 0.4412 | 0.2491 | 0.9382 | 0.039* | |
H15C | 0.3848 | 0.1081 | 0.8964 | 0.039* | |
C16 | 0.89702 (14) | 0.37719 (13) | 0.44842 (13) | 0.0191 (3) | |
C17 | 1.06329 (15) | 0.36272 (12) | 0.34315 (13) | 0.0207 (3) | |
C18 | 0.79250 (15) | 0.48667 (14) | 0.41784 (14) | 0.0234 (3) |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
N1 | 0.0191 (5) | 0.0285 (7) | 0.0261 (6) | 0.0033 (5) | −0.0046 (5) | 0.0038 (5) |
N2 | 0.0253 (6) | 0.0333 (7) | 0.0253 (6) | −0.0041 (5) | −0.0067 (5) | 0.0063 (5) |
N3 | 0.0384 (7) | 0.0344 (8) | 0.0440 (8) | −0.0003 (6) | −0.0207 (6) | 0.0118 (6) |
C1 | 0.0261 (7) | 0.0339 (8) | 0.0295 (8) | 0.0080 (6) | −0.0096 (6) | 0.0005 (7) |
C2 | 0.0344 (8) | 0.0250 (8) | 0.0327 (8) | 0.0088 (6) | −0.0190 (7) | −0.0039 (6) |
C3 | 0.0424 (8) | 0.0199 (7) | 0.0304 (8) | −0.0028 (6) | −0.0201 (7) | 0.0067 (6) |
C4 | 0.0263 (7) | 0.0245 (8) | 0.0240 (7) | −0.0045 (6) | −0.0098 (6) | 0.0043 (6) |
C5 | 0.0217 (7) | 0.0190 (7) | 0.0191 (6) | −0.0012 (5) | −0.0082 (5) | −0.0004 (5) |
C6 | 0.0172 (6) | 0.0211 (7) | 0.0189 (6) | −0.0006 (5) | −0.0035 (5) | −0.0002 (5) |
C7 | 0.0169 (6) | 0.0209 (7) | 0.0187 (6) | 0.0011 (5) | −0.0036 (5) | 0.0000 (5) |
C8 | 0.0188 (6) | 0.0185 (7) | 0.0161 (6) | −0.0012 (5) | −0.0042 (5) | −0.0021 (5) |
C9 | 0.0189 (6) | 0.0198 (7) | 0.0173 (6) | −0.0001 (5) | −0.0026 (5) | 0.0023 (5) |
C10 | 0.0172 (6) | 0.0215 (7) | 0.0179 (6) | −0.0017 (5) | −0.0039 (5) | 0.0026 (5) |
C11 | 0.0184 (6) | 0.0207 (7) | 0.0208 (6) | 0.0014 (5) | −0.0072 (5) | 0.0015 (5) |
C12 | 0.0195 (6) | 0.0177 (7) | 0.0199 (6) | −0.0035 (5) | −0.0087 (5) | −0.0003 (5) |
C13 | 0.0159 (6) | 0.0216 (7) | 0.0204 (6) | 0.0000 (5) | −0.0040 (5) | 0.0010 (5) |
C14 | 0.0266 (7) | 0.0306 (8) | 0.0239 (7) | −0.0076 (6) | −0.0089 (6) | 0.0013 (6) |
C15 | 0.0190 (7) | 0.0321 (8) | 0.0245 (7) | 0.0016 (6) | −0.0049 (6) | 0.0055 (6) |
C16 | 0.0185 (6) | 0.0196 (7) | 0.0204 (7) | −0.0033 (5) | −0.0077 (5) | 0.0018 (5) |
C17 | 0.0258 (7) | 0.0187 (7) | 0.0213 (7) | −0.0050 (5) | −0.0124 (6) | 0.0056 (5) |
C18 | 0.0243 (7) | 0.0256 (8) | 0.0219 (7) | −0.0058 (6) | −0.0095 (6) | 0.0053 (6) |
N1—C1 | 1.3352 (17) | C9—H9A | 0.9700 |
N1—C5 | 1.3526 (16) | C9—H9B | 0.9700 |
N2—C17 | 1.1476 (16) | C10—C14 | 1.5267 (17) |
N3—C18 | 1.1507 (17) | C10—C15 | 1.5284 (17) |
C1—C2 | 1.384 (2) | C10—C11 | 1.5415 (18) |
C1—H1 | 0.9300 | C11—C12 | 1.4990 (17) |
C2—C3 | 1.3709 (19) | C11—H11A | 0.9700 |
C2—H2 | 0.9300 | C11—H11B | 0.9700 |
C3—C4 | 1.3895 (18) | C12—C16 | 1.3694 (18) |
C3—H3 | 0.9300 | C12—C13 | 1.4374 (17) |
C4—C5 | 1.3904 (19) | C13—H13 | 0.9300 |
C4—H4 | 0.9300 | C14—H14A | 0.9600 |
C5—C6 | 1.4638 (17) | C14—H14B | 0.9600 |
C6—C7 | 1.3402 (19) | C14—H14C | 0.9600 |
C6—H6 | 0.9300 | C15—H15A | 0.9600 |
C7—C8 | 1.4490 (17) | C15—H15B | 0.9600 |
C7—H7 | 0.9300 | C15—H15C | 0.9600 |
C8—C13 | 1.3578 (18) | C16—C18 | 1.4349 (18) |
C8—C9 | 1.5095 (16) | C16—C17 | 1.4388 (17) |
C9—C10 | 1.5382 (17) | ||
C1—N1—C5 | 117.15 (12) | C15—C10—C9 | 109.57 (10) |
N1—C1—C2 | 124.07 (13) | C14—C10—C11 | 109.23 (10) |
N1—C1—H1 | 118.0 | C15—C10—C11 | 109.62 (10) |
C2—C1—H1 | 118.0 | C9—C10—C11 | 108.81 (10) |
C3—C2—C1 | 118.69 (12) | C12—C11—C10 | 111.68 (10) |
C3—C2—H2 | 120.7 | C12—C11—H11A | 109.3 |
C1—C2—H2 | 120.7 | C10—C11—H11A | 109.3 |
C2—C3—C4 | 118.58 (13) | C12—C11—H11B | 109.3 |
C2—C3—H3 | 120.7 | C10—C11—H11B | 109.3 |
C4—C3—H3 | 120.7 | H11A—C11—H11B | 107.9 |
C3—C4—C5 | 119.43 (12) | C16—C12—C13 | 121.43 (11) |
C3—C4—H4 | 120.3 | C16—C12—C11 | 121.50 (11) |
C5—C4—H4 | 120.3 | C13—C12—C11 | 117.03 (11) |
N1—C5—C4 | 122.06 (12) | C8—C13—C12 | 122.75 (11) |
N1—C5—C6 | 117.04 (12) | C8—C13—H13 | 118.6 |
C4—C5—C6 | 120.86 (11) | C12—C13—H13 | 118.6 |
C7—C6—C5 | 124.47 (11) | C10—C14—H14A | 109.5 |
C7—C6—H6 | 117.8 | C10—C14—H14B | 109.5 |
C5—C6—H6 | 117.8 | H14A—C14—H14B | 109.5 |
C6—C7—C8 | 126.26 (11) | C10—C14—H14C | 109.5 |
C6—C7—H7 | 116.9 | H14A—C14—H14C | 109.5 |
C8—C7—H7 | 116.9 | H14B—C14—H14C | 109.5 |
C13—C8—C7 | 119.05 (11) | C10—C15—H15A | 109.5 |
C13—C8—C9 | 121.08 (11) | C10—C15—H15B | 109.5 |
C7—C8—C9 | 119.87 (11) | H15A—C15—H15B | 109.5 |
C8—C9—C10 | 114.54 (10) | C10—C15—H15C | 109.5 |
C8—C9—H9A | 108.6 | H15A—C15—H15C | 109.5 |
C10—C9—H9A | 108.6 | H15B—C15—H15C | 109.5 |
C8—C9—H9B | 108.6 | C12—C16—C18 | 122.74 (11) |
C10—C9—H9B | 108.6 | C12—C16—C17 | 122.27 (11) |
H9A—C9—H9B | 107.6 | C18—C16—C17 | 114.97 (11) |
C14—C10—C15 | 108.76 (10) | N2—C17—C16 | 178.78 (14) |
C14—C10—C9 | 110.84 (10) | N3—C18—C16 | 177.81 (14) |
C13—C8—C9—C10 | 15.38 (17) | C10—C11—C12—C13 | −40.03 (15) |
C7—C8—C9—C10 | −164.63 (10) | C7—C8—C13—C12 | −176.48 (10) |
C8—C9—C10—C14 | 76.11 (13) | C9—C8—C13—C12 | 3.51 (19) |
C8—C9—C10—C15 | −163.85 (10) | C11—C12—C13—C8 | 9.42 (18) |
C8—C9—C10—C11 | −44.02 (14) | C11—C12—C16—C18 | 1.62 (19) |
C14—C10—C11—C12 | −65.09 (13) | C13—C12—C16—C17 | 1.87 (18) |
C9—C10—C11—C12 | 56.03 (13) | C11—C12—C16—C17 | 179.46 (11) |
C10—C11—C12—C16 | 142.28 (12) |
Cg1 is the centroid of the pyridine ring. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C9—H9A···Cg1i | 0.97 | 2.77 | 3.6933 (16) | 160 |
Symmetry code: (i) −x+2, −y, −z+2. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C18H17N3 |
Mr | 275.35 |
Crystal system, space group | Triclinic, P1 |
Temperature (K) | 293 |
a, b, c (Å) | 8.4910 (17), 9.6516 (19), 9.6532 (19) |
α, β, γ (°) | 89.06 (3), 70.47 (3), 87.02 (3) |
V (Å3) | 744.6 (3) |
Z | 2 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.07 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.24 × 0.20 × 0.10 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Bruker SMART APEX CCD area-detector diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2008) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.982, 0.993 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 5037, 2617, 2076 |
Rint | 0.020 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.595 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.040, 0.112, 1.07 |
No. of reflections | 2617 |
No. of parameters | 192 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.23, −0.20 |
Computer programs: SMART (Bruker, 2000), SAINT-Plus (Bruker, 2000), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), ORTEPIII (Burnett & Johnson, 1996) and ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 1997), SHELXTL/PC (Sheldrick, 2008) and PLATON (Spek, 2009).
Cg1 is the centroid of the pyridine ring. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C9—H9A···Cg1i | 0.97 | 2.77 | 3.6933 (16) | 160 |
Symmetry code: (i) −x+2, −y, −z+2. |
Acknowledgements
The author acknowledges financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province (2010021023–2, 2008011008)
References
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Since discovery of their solvatochromic behaviour (Lemke, 1970), derivatives of 2-(5,5-dimethyl-3-styrylcyclohexenylidene)malononitrile have attracted considerable interest for numerous applications, such as candidates for non-linear optical (NLO), organic light emitting diodes(OLED). As part of our investigations on organic electrooptical materials, 2-(3-(2-vinyl pyridine)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-enylidene)malononitrile (VPDEM)(I) was synthesized according to the general procedure described by Lemke (1970). An X-ray crystal structure determination of (I) was undertaken in order to elucidate the conformation, and the results are presented here.
With the exception of the C(CH3)2 group, the molecule of the title compound is nearly planar; the disubstituted C atom being displaced by -0.679 (2) Å from the mean plane of the remaining non-H atoms (Fig. 1). The disubstuted cyclohexene ring has an envelope conformation with puckering parameters: Q= 0.4657 (13) Å, θ= 126.97 (16)° and ϕ= 323.0 (2)° (Cremer & Pople, 1975).The the 2-vinylpyridine is planar with the largest deviation from the plane being -0.0876 (8)Å at C8. The bond distances and angles within the 5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-enylidene) malononitrile are in agreement with the related 2-(3-(2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)vinyl)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene)-malononitrile (Kolev et al., 2001).
In the crystal, the packing is stabilized by weak C-H···π between the C9 methylene group of the cyclohexene ring and the symmetry related pyridine ring and Van der Waals forces.