organic compounds\(\def\hfill{\hskip 5em}\def\hfil{\hskip 3em}\def\eqno#1{\hfil {#1}}\)

Journal logoCRYSTALLOGRAPHIC
COMMUNICATIONS
ISSN: 2056-9890

Methyl 3-(4-chloro­phen­yl)-2-(1,3-di­methyl-2,5-dioxo-4-phenyl­imidazolidin-4-yl)-3-oxo­propano­ate

aKey Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
*Correspondence e-mail: hbdongxue@163.com

(Received 13 April 2011; accepted 17 May 2011; online 25 May 2011)

The title compound, C21H19ClN2O5, is a tetra­substituted hydantoin derivative which contains an imidazolidine-2,4-dione core. The dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 64.53 (14)°. In the crystal, weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding is found. An intra­molecular C—H⋯O inter­action also occurs.

Related literature

For the preparation of the title compound, see: Gao et al. (2010[Gao, M., Yang, Y., Wu, Y.-D., Deng, C., Shu, W.-M., Zhang, D.-X., Cao, L.-P., She, N.-F. & Wu, A.-X. (2010). Org. Lett. 12, 4026-4029.]).

[Scheme 1]

Experimental

Crystal data
  • C21H19ClN2O5

  • Mr = 414.83

  • Monoclinic, P 21 /n

  • a = 11.4644 (11) Å

  • b = 12.0231 (12) Å

  • c = 15.1184 (15) Å

  • β = 101.731 (2)°

  • V = 2040.4 (3) Å3

  • Z = 4

  • Mo Kα radiation

  • μ = 0.22 mm−1

  • T = 298 K

  • 0.40 × 0.30 × 0.20 mm

Data collection
  • Bruker SMART CCD area-detector diffractometer

  • 21013 measured reflections

  • 4007 independent reflections

  • 3573 reflections with I > 2σ(I)

  • Rint = 0.059

Refinement
  • R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.069

  • wR(F2) = 0.164

  • S = 1.17

  • 4007 reflections

  • 265 parameters

  • H-atom parameters constrained

  • Δρmax = 0.32 e Å−3

  • Δρmin = −0.22 e Å−3

Table 1
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

D—H⋯A D—H H⋯A DA D—H⋯A
C3—H3⋯O3i 0.93 2.49 3.168 (3) 129
C10—H10A⋯O5ii 0.96 2.51 3.235 (4) 132
C15—H15B⋯O2 0.96 2.59 3.312 (4) 132
Symmetry codes: (i) [x+{\script{1\over 2}}, -y+{\script{1\over 2}}, z+{\script{1\over 2}}]; (ii) [-x+{\script{1\over 2}}, y+{\script{1\over 2}}, -z+{\script{3\over 2}}].

Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 1997[Bruker (1997). SMART. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.]); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 1999[Bruker (1999). SAINT. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.]); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112-122.]); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112-122.]); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112-122.]); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL.

Supporting information


Related literature top

For the preparation of the title compound, see: Gao et al. (2010).

Experimental top

The title compound was synthesized according to the reported literature (Gao et al., 2010). The crystal was grown by slow evaporation of the solvent at room temperature from a chloroform-methanol(1:1) solution of the title compound.

Refinement top

All H atoms were positioned in geometrically idealized positions and constrained to ride on their parent atoms, with C—H distances in the range of 0.93–0.98 Å and Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C) (1.5 for methyl H atoms).

Computing details top

Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 1997); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 1999); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 1999); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).

Figures top
[Figure 1] Fig. 1. A view of (I), showing the atom-labelling scheme, with displacement ellipsoids drawn at the 30% probability level. H atoms omitted for clarity.
Methyl 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1,3-dimethyl-2,5-dioxo-4-phenylimidazolidin- 4-yl)-3-oxopropanoate top
Crystal data top
C21H19ClN2O5F(000) = 864
Mr = 414.83Dx = 1.350 Mg m3
Monoclinic, P21/nMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: -P 2ynCell parameters from 6439 reflections
a = 11.4644 (11) Åθ = 2.2–27.8°
b = 12.0231 (12) ŵ = 0.22 mm1
c = 15.1184 (15) ÅT = 298 K
β = 101.731 (2)°Block, colourless
V = 2040.4 (3) Å30.40 × 0.30 × 0.20 mm
Z = 4
Data collection top
Bruker SMART CCD area-detector
diffractometer
3573 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tubeRint = 0.059
Graphite monochromatorθmax = 26.0°, θmin = 2.0°
ϕ and ω scansh = 1414
21013 measured reflectionsk = 1414
4007 independent reflectionsl = 1818
Refinement top
Refinement on F2Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: fullSecondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.069Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F2) = 0.164H-atom parameters constrained
S = 1.17 w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0623P)2 + 1.2007P]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
4007 reflections(Δ/σ)max = 0.001
265 parametersΔρmax = 0.32 e Å3
0 restraintsΔρmin = 0.22 e Å3
Crystal data top
C21H19ClN2O5V = 2040.4 (3) Å3
Mr = 414.83Z = 4
Monoclinic, P21/nMo Kα radiation
a = 11.4644 (11) ŵ = 0.22 mm1
b = 12.0231 (12) ÅT = 298 K
c = 15.1184 (15) Å0.40 × 0.30 × 0.20 mm
β = 101.731 (2)°
Data collection top
Bruker SMART CCD area-detector
diffractometer
3573 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
21013 measured reflectionsRint = 0.059
4007 independent reflections
Refinement top
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.0690 restraints
wR(F2) = 0.164H-atom parameters constrained
S = 1.17Δρmax = 0.32 e Å3
4007 reflectionsΔρmin = 0.22 e Å3
265 parameters
Special details top

Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/Ueq
C10.6491 (2)0.2716 (2)0.94021 (16)0.0355 (5)
C20.6948 (3)0.3041 (2)1.02851 (18)0.0487 (7)
H20.72380.25051.07180.058*
C30.6979 (3)0.4144 (3)1.05292 (19)0.0551 (8)
H30.72860.43561.11220.066*
C40.6548 (2)0.4928 (2)0.9885 (2)0.0482 (7)
C50.6083 (3)0.4641 (2)0.90104 (19)0.0493 (7)
H50.57860.51830.85850.059*
C60.6058 (2)0.3535 (2)0.87671 (17)0.0443 (6)
H60.57500.33330.81720.053*
C70.6478 (2)0.1512 (2)0.91874 (15)0.0350 (5)
C80.6010 (2)0.1162 (2)0.81994 (15)0.0344 (5)
H80.63370.16910.78210.041*
C90.4663 (2)0.1244 (2)0.79297 (18)0.0437 (6)
C100.2854 (3)0.1228 (4)0.8447 (3)0.0785 (11)
H10A0.25480.18720.81020.118*
H10B0.25780.12230.90060.118*
H10C0.25820.05690.81090.118*
C110.6383 (2)0.0019 (2)0.79438 (15)0.0347 (5)
C120.6180 (2)0.0061 (2)0.69012 (16)0.0378 (6)
C130.5134 (2)0.1486 (2)0.7368 (2)0.0483 (7)
C140.5159 (3)0.1377 (3)0.5715 (2)0.0702 (10)
H14A0.44330.10120.54350.105*
H14B0.50330.21660.57120.105*
H14C0.57710.12070.53860.105*
C150.5383 (3)0.1235 (3)0.9003 (2)0.0591 (8)
H15A0.50190.19580.89570.089*
H15B0.48670.07080.92070.089*
H15C0.61300.12630.94260.089*
C160.7700 (2)0.0284 (2)0.82963 (15)0.0352 (5)
C170.8069 (3)0.1364 (2)0.85344 (17)0.0442 (6)
H170.75050.19250.85090.053*
C180.9261 (3)0.1613 (3)0.88070 (19)0.0548 (7)
H180.94930.23390.89660.066*
C191.0107 (3)0.0798 (3)0.8845 (2)0.0615 (8)
H191.09100.09640.90400.074*
C200.9752 (3)0.0270 (3)0.8592 (2)0.0607 (8)
H201.03220.08230.86060.073*
C210.8562 (2)0.0526 (2)0.83176 (19)0.0457 (6)
H210.83360.12500.81460.055*
Cl10.66072 (9)0.63209 (7)1.01981 (7)0.0773 (3)
N10.5525 (2)0.0993 (2)0.66416 (14)0.0480 (6)
N20.55847 (19)0.08964 (18)0.81188 (14)0.0425 (5)
O10.68288 (17)0.08220 (15)0.97634 (11)0.0474 (5)
O20.41472 (16)0.12565 (17)0.86363 (13)0.0524 (5)
O30.41480 (19)0.1265 (2)0.71633 (14)0.0767 (7)
O40.65545 (17)0.05911 (16)0.64252 (12)0.0486 (5)
O50.4498 (2)0.22967 (19)0.73042 (17)0.0748 (7)
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
C10.0306 (12)0.0426 (13)0.0341 (12)0.0007 (10)0.0082 (9)0.0021 (10)
C20.0519 (16)0.0500 (16)0.0380 (14)0.0056 (13)0.0052 (12)0.0034 (12)
C30.0582 (18)0.0561 (17)0.0433 (15)0.0039 (14)0.0077 (13)0.0166 (13)
C40.0420 (14)0.0442 (15)0.0596 (17)0.0026 (12)0.0135 (13)0.0134 (13)
C50.0577 (17)0.0422 (15)0.0504 (16)0.0018 (13)0.0165 (13)0.0041 (12)
C60.0520 (15)0.0484 (15)0.0325 (13)0.0016 (12)0.0086 (11)0.0028 (11)
C70.0290 (12)0.0449 (13)0.0312 (12)0.0007 (10)0.0064 (9)0.0012 (10)
C80.0341 (12)0.0382 (13)0.0310 (12)0.0004 (10)0.0065 (9)0.0027 (10)
C90.0386 (14)0.0498 (15)0.0397 (14)0.0030 (11)0.0005 (11)0.0070 (12)
C100.0333 (16)0.119 (3)0.082 (2)0.0004 (18)0.0098 (15)0.023 (2)
C110.0357 (12)0.0376 (13)0.0316 (12)0.0044 (10)0.0087 (10)0.0019 (10)
C120.0358 (13)0.0432 (14)0.0343 (13)0.0058 (11)0.0066 (10)0.0043 (11)
C130.0426 (15)0.0441 (15)0.0574 (17)0.0059 (12)0.0084 (12)0.0077 (13)
C140.084 (2)0.073 (2)0.0471 (18)0.0079 (18)0.0021 (16)0.0221 (16)
C150.072 (2)0.0542 (17)0.0597 (19)0.0116 (15)0.0324 (16)0.0037 (14)
C160.0392 (13)0.0381 (13)0.0286 (11)0.0018 (10)0.0080 (10)0.0029 (10)
C170.0537 (16)0.0414 (14)0.0381 (14)0.0002 (12)0.0104 (12)0.0021 (11)
C180.0620 (19)0.0526 (17)0.0472 (16)0.0210 (15)0.0047 (13)0.0053 (13)
C190.0415 (16)0.074 (2)0.0642 (19)0.0140 (15)0.0004 (14)0.0005 (16)
C200.0378 (15)0.065 (2)0.077 (2)0.0027 (14)0.0069 (14)0.0041 (16)
C210.0388 (14)0.0416 (14)0.0568 (16)0.0012 (11)0.0102 (12)0.0016 (12)
Cl10.0874 (7)0.0451 (4)0.0994 (7)0.0030 (4)0.0187 (5)0.0212 (4)
N10.0512 (13)0.0505 (13)0.0394 (12)0.0044 (11)0.0023 (10)0.0118 (10)
N20.0428 (12)0.0443 (12)0.0424 (12)0.0103 (9)0.0132 (9)0.0039 (10)
O10.0588 (12)0.0461 (10)0.0353 (10)0.0056 (9)0.0046 (8)0.0028 (8)
O20.0337 (10)0.0734 (14)0.0498 (11)0.0006 (9)0.0076 (8)0.0116 (10)
O30.0454 (12)0.133 (2)0.0455 (12)0.0053 (13)0.0058 (9)0.0075 (13)
O40.0559 (11)0.0557 (11)0.0364 (10)0.0022 (9)0.0147 (8)0.0041 (8)
O50.0732 (15)0.0613 (14)0.0883 (17)0.0323 (12)0.0122 (13)0.0147 (12)
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
C1—C21.387 (3)C11—C121.547 (3)
C1—C61.394 (4)C12—O41.201 (3)
C1—C71.483 (3)C12—N11.361 (3)
C2—C31.375 (4)C13—O51.209 (3)
C2—H20.9300C13—N21.348 (3)
C3—C41.373 (4)C13—N11.400 (4)
C3—H30.9300C14—N11.453 (3)
C4—C51.366 (4)C14—H14A0.9600
C4—Cl11.738 (3)C14—H14B0.9600
C5—C61.378 (4)C14—H14C0.9600
C5—H50.9300C15—N21.460 (3)
C6—H60.9300C15—H15A0.9600
C7—O11.211 (3)C15—H15B0.9600
C7—C81.540 (3)C15—H15C0.9600
C8—C91.518 (3)C16—C211.384 (4)
C8—C111.554 (3)C16—C171.390 (3)
C8—H80.9800C17—C181.377 (4)
C9—O31.189 (3)C17—H170.9300
C9—O21.322 (3)C18—C191.372 (5)
C10—O21.452 (3)C18—H180.9300
C10—H10A0.9600C19—C201.377 (5)
C10—H10B0.9600C19—H190.9300
C10—H10C0.9600C20—C211.378 (4)
C11—N21.456 (3)C20—H200.9300
C11—C161.529 (3)C21—H210.9300
C2—C1—C6118.4 (2)O4—C12—C11126.2 (2)
C2—C1—C7118.1 (2)N1—C12—C11106.3 (2)
C6—C1—C7123.5 (2)O5—C13—N2127.8 (3)
C3—C2—C1120.9 (3)O5—C13—N1124.2 (3)
C3—C2—H2119.5N2—C13—N1108.0 (2)
C1—C2—H2119.5N1—C14—H14A109.5
C4—C3—C2119.1 (3)N1—C14—H14B109.5
C4—C3—H3120.5H14A—C14—H14B109.5
C2—C3—H3120.5N1—C14—H14C109.5
C5—C4—C3121.8 (3)H14A—C14—H14C109.5
C5—C4—Cl1119.5 (2)H14B—C14—H14C109.5
C3—C4—Cl1118.7 (2)N2—C15—H15A109.5
C4—C5—C6119.0 (3)N2—C15—H15B109.5
C4—C5—H5120.5H15A—C15—H15B109.5
C6—C5—H5120.5N2—C15—H15C109.5
C5—C6—C1120.8 (2)H15A—C15—H15C109.5
C5—C6—H6119.6H15B—C15—H15C109.5
C1—C6—H6119.6C21—C16—C17118.3 (2)
O1—C7—C1121.6 (2)C21—C16—C11120.7 (2)
O1—C7—C8120.6 (2)C17—C16—C11120.8 (2)
C1—C7—C8117.7 (2)C18—C17—C16120.8 (3)
C9—C8—C7112.17 (19)C18—C17—H17119.6
C9—C8—C11107.97 (19)C16—C17—H17119.6
C7—C8—C11115.58 (19)C19—C18—C17120.5 (3)
C9—C8—H8106.9C19—C18—H18119.8
C7—C8—H8106.9C17—C18—H18119.8
C11—C8—H8106.9C18—C19—C20119.2 (3)
O3—C9—O2124.9 (3)C18—C19—H19120.4
O3—C9—C8122.7 (2)C20—C19—H19120.4
O2—C9—C8112.4 (2)C19—C20—C21120.7 (3)
O2—C10—H10A109.5C19—C20—H20119.6
O2—C10—H10B109.5C21—C20—H20119.6
H10A—C10—H10B109.5C20—C21—C16120.5 (3)
O2—C10—H10C109.5C20—C21—H21119.7
H10A—C10—H10C109.5C16—C21—H21119.7
H10B—C10—H10C109.5C12—N1—C13111.6 (2)
N2—C11—C16113.5 (2)C12—N1—C14125.0 (3)
N2—C11—C12101.05 (18)C13—N1—C14123.1 (2)
C16—C11—C12106.35 (18)C13—N2—C11112.1 (2)
N2—C11—C8113.72 (19)C13—N2—C15121.2 (2)
C16—C11—C8113.95 (19)C11—N2—C15126.2 (2)
C12—C11—C8106.94 (19)C9—O2—C10116.6 (2)
O4—C12—N1127.4 (2)
C6—C1—C2—C30.2 (4)N2—C11—C16—C21169.5 (2)
C7—C1—C2—C3179.6 (3)C12—C11—C16—C2180.4 (3)
C1—C2—C3—C40.0 (5)C8—C11—C16—C2137.2 (3)
C2—C3—C4—C50.5 (5)N2—C11—C16—C1715.7 (3)
C2—C3—C4—Cl1179.2 (2)C12—C11—C16—C1794.4 (3)
C3—C4—C5—C60.8 (4)C8—C11—C16—C17148.0 (2)
Cl1—C4—C5—C6179.0 (2)C21—C16—C17—C181.7 (4)
C4—C5—C6—C10.6 (4)C11—C16—C17—C18176.6 (2)
C2—C1—C6—C50.1 (4)C16—C17—C18—C190.2 (4)
C7—C1—C6—C5179.2 (2)C17—C18—C19—C201.2 (5)
C2—C1—C7—O11.6 (4)C18—C19—C20—C211.1 (5)
C6—C1—C7—O1177.7 (2)C19—C20—C21—C160.3 (5)
C2—C1—C7—C8177.9 (2)C17—C16—C21—C201.7 (4)
C6—C1—C7—C82.8 (3)C11—C16—C21—C20176.6 (3)
O1—C7—C8—C9105.8 (3)O4—C12—N1—C13173.5 (3)
C1—C7—C8—C974.8 (3)C11—C12—N1—C138.1 (3)
O1—C7—C8—C1118.6 (3)O4—C12—N1—C140.5 (4)
C1—C7—C8—C11160.9 (2)C11—C12—N1—C14178.0 (3)
C7—C8—C9—O3162.1 (3)O5—C13—N1—C12176.9 (3)
C11—C8—C9—O369.4 (3)N2—C13—N1—C122.7 (3)
C7—C8—C9—O219.6 (3)O5—C13—N1—C142.9 (5)
C11—C8—C9—O2108.9 (2)N2—C13—N1—C14176.7 (3)
C9—C8—C11—N239.6 (3)O5—C13—N2—C11176.0 (3)
C7—C8—C11—N286.9 (2)N1—C13—N2—C114.4 (3)
C9—C8—C11—C16171.7 (2)O5—C13—N2—C153.3 (5)
C7—C8—C11—C1645.2 (3)N1—C13—N2—C15177.1 (2)
C9—C8—C11—C1271.1 (2)C16—C11—N2—C13104.7 (2)
C7—C8—C11—C12162.42 (19)C12—C11—N2—C138.7 (3)
N2—C11—C12—O4171.7 (2)C8—C11—N2—C13122.9 (2)
C16—C11—C12—O469.6 (3)C16—C11—N2—C1567.5 (3)
C8—C11—C12—O452.5 (3)C12—C11—N2—C15179.1 (2)
N2—C11—C12—N19.8 (2)C8—C11—N2—C1564.9 (3)
C16—C11—C12—N1108.9 (2)O3—C9—O2—C103.8 (4)
C8—C11—C12—N1129.0 (2)C8—C9—O2—C10174.4 (3)
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
C3—H3···O3i0.932.493.168 (3)129
C10—H10A···O5ii0.962.513.235 (4)132
C15—H15B···O20.962.593.312 (4)132
Symmetry codes: (i) x+1/2, y+1/2, z+1/2; (ii) x+1/2, y+1/2, z+3/2.

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formulaC21H19ClN2O5
Mr414.83
Crystal system, space groupMonoclinic, P21/n
Temperature (K)298
a, b, c (Å)11.4644 (11), 12.0231 (12), 15.1184 (15)
β (°) 101.731 (2)
V3)2040.4 (3)
Z4
Radiation typeMo Kα
µ (mm1)0.22
Crystal size (mm)0.40 × 0.30 × 0.20
Data collection
DiffractometerBruker SMART CCD area-detector
diffractometer
Absorption correction
No. of measured, independent and
observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections
21013, 4007, 3573
Rint0.059
(sin θ/λ)max1)0.617
Refinement
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S 0.069, 0.164, 1.17
No. of reflections4007
No. of parameters265
H-atom treatmentH-atom parameters constrained
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å3)0.32, 0.22

Computer programs: SMART (Bruker, 1997), SAINT (Bruker, 1999), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
C3—H3···O3i0.932.493.168 (3)129
C10—H10A···O5ii0.962.513.235 (4)132
C15—H15B···O20.962.593.312 (4)132
Symmetry codes: (i) x+1/2, y+1/2, z+1/2; (ii) x+1/2, y+1/2, z+3/2.
 

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Central China Normal University for financial support and thank Dr Xiang-Gao Meng for the X-ray data collection.

References

First citationBruker (1997). SMART. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.  Google Scholar
First citationBruker (1999). SAINT. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.  Google Scholar
First citationGao, M., Yang, Y., Wu, Y.-D., Deng, C., Shu, W.-M., Zhang, D.-X., Cao, L.-P., She, N.-F. & Wu, A.-X. (2010). Org. Lett. 12, 4026–4029.  Web of Science CrossRef CAS PubMed Google Scholar
First citationSheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112–122.  Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are cited.

Journal logoCRYSTALLOGRAPHIC
COMMUNICATIONS
ISSN: 2056-9890
Follow Acta Cryst. E
Sign up for e-alerts
Follow Acta Cryst. on Twitter
Follow us on facebook
Sign up for RSS feeds