organic compounds
2-(4-Chlorophenyl)naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinane
aUniversity of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Chemistry, Private Bag XO1, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
*Correspondence e-mail: akermanm@ukzn.ac.za
The title compound, C16H12BClN2, is one in a series of diazaborinanes, derived from 1,8-diaminonaphthalene, featuring substitution at the 1, 2 and 3 positions in the nitrogen-boron heterocycle. The structure deviates from planarity, the torsion angle subtended by the p-chlorophenyl ring relative to the nitrogen–boron heterocycle being −44-.3(3)°. The molecules form infinite chains with strong interactions between the vacant pz orbital of the B atom and the π-system of an adjacent molecule. The distance between the B atom and the 10-atom centroid of an adjacent naphthalene ring is 3.381 (4) Å. One N-H H atom is weakly hydrogen bonded to the Cl atom of an adjacent molecule. This combination of intermolecular interactions leads to the formation of an infinite two-dimensional network perpendicular to the c axis.
Related literature
For the synthesis of related compounds, see: Letsinger & Hamilton (1958); Pailer & Fenzl (1961); Kaupp et al. (2003); Slabber 2011. For single-crystal X-ray structures and luminescence studies of related compounds, see: Weber, et al. (2009).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Data collection: CrysAlis CCD (Oxford Diffraction, 2008); cell CrysAlis CCD; data reduction: CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2008); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: WinGX (Farrugia, 1999); software used to prepare material for publication: WinGX (Farrugia, 1999).
Supporting information
10.1107/S1600536811025487/om2441sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536811025487/om2441Isup2.hkl
Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536811025487/om2441Isup3.cml
To a solution of 1,8-diaminonaphthalene in toluene (4.11 mmol in 50 ml, 0.82M) (Letsinger & Hamilton, 1958; Slabber, 2011) was added the 3-chlorophenylboronic acid (4.11 mmol) in one portion. The round-bottomed flask was equipped with a Dean and Stark trap, and the solution was stirred and heated to reflux for 3 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and
of the crude solid using silica gel as the and eluting with CH2Cl2 yielded pale green crystalline material upon evaporation of the with a yield of 66%. Recrystallization of the material from dichloromethane yielded crystals suitable for single-crystal X-ray were grown.The positions of all hydrogen atoms were calculated using the standard riding model of SHELXL97. with C—H(aromatic) distances of 0.93 Å and Uiso = 1.2 Ueq. The only exception is the NH hydrogen atoms which were located in the difference Fourier map and allowed to refine isotropically.
Data collection: CrysAlis CCD (Oxford Diffraction, 2008); cell
CrysAlis CCD (Oxford Diffraction, 2008); data reduction: CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2008); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: WinGX (Farrugia, 1999); software used to prepare material for publication: WinGX (Farrugia, 1999).C16H12BClN2 | F(000) = 288 |
Mr = 278.54 | Dx = 1.415 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P21 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: P 2yb | Cell parameters from 2982 reflections |
a = 4.7165 (2) Å | θ = 3.6–32.0° |
b = 10.2815 (4) Å | µ = 0.28 mm−1 |
c = 13.5711 (6) Å | T = 296 K |
β = 96.555 (4)° | Plate, colourless |
V = 653.79 (5) Å3 | 0.50 × 0.15 × 0.07 mm |
Z = 2 |
Oxford Diffraction Xcalibur 2 CCD diffractometer | 2286 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 2011 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.027 |
Detector resolution: 8.4190 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 26.1°, θmin = 3.6° |
ω scans | h = −5→5 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2003) | k = −12→11 |
Tmin = 0.896, Tmax = 0.981 | l = −16→16 |
4902 measured reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
Least-squares matrix: full | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.039 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
wR(F2) = 0.098 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0669P)2] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
S = 1.00 | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
2286 reflections | Δρmax = 0.15 e Å−3 |
189 parameters | Δρmin = −0.25 e Å−3 |
1 restraint | Absolute structure: Flack (1983), 924 Friedel pairs |
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods | Absolute structure parameter: 0.05 (7) |
C16H12BClN2 | V = 653.79 (5) Å3 |
Mr = 278.54 | Z = 2 |
Monoclinic, P21 | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 4.7165 (2) Å | µ = 0.28 mm−1 |
b = 10.2815 (4) Å | T = 296 K |
c = 13.5711 (6) Å | 0.50 × 0.15 × 0.07 mm |
β = 96.555 (4)° |
Oxford Diffraction Xcalibur 2 CCD diffractometer | 2286 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2003) | 2011 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.896, Tmax = 0.981 | Rint = 0.027 |
4902 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.039 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
wR(F2) = 0.098 | Δρmax = 0.15 e Å−3 |
S = 1.00 | Δρmin = −0.25 e Å−3 |
2286 reflections | Absolute structure: Flack (1983), 924 Friedel pairs |
189 parameters | Absolute structure parameter: 0.05 (7) |
1 restraint |
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > 2σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
Cl | −1.03675 (12) | 0.41269 (9) | 0.42497 (4) | 0.0546 (2) | |
N1 | −0.1813 (4) | 0.7869 (2) | 0.15026 (15) | 0.0391 (4) | |
H1 | −0.257 (5) | 0.732 (3) | 0.1114 (18) | 0.048 (8)* | |
N2 | −0.1196 (4) | 0.9013 (2) | 0.30427 (13) | 0.0398 (4) | |
H2 | −0.134 (5) | 0.911 (3) | 0.3607 (17) | 0.047 (7)* | |
C1 | 0.0738 (5) | 0.9863 (2) | 0.26954 (16) | 0.0362 (5) | |
C2 | 0.2031 (5) | 1.0847 (2) | 0.32771 (18) | 0.0462 (6) | |
H2A | 0.1624 | 1.0952 | 0.3927 | 0.055* | |
C3 | 0.3950 (6) | 1.1682 (2) | 0.28863 (19) | 0.0498 (6) | |
H3 | 0.4782 | 1.2354 | 0.3278 | 0.060* | |
C4 | 0.4629 (5) | 1.1536 (2) | 0.19447 (19) | 0.0479 (6) | |
H4 | 0.5938 | 1.2097 | 0.1706 | 0.057* | |
C5 | 0.3366 (5) | 1.0540 (2) | 0.13264 (16) | 0.0387 (5) | |
C6 | 0.4036 (5) | 1.0340 (2) | 0.03481 (17) | 0.0447 (5) | |
H6 | 0.5346 | 1.0879 | 0.0087 | 0.054* | |
C7 | 0.2761 (5) | 0.9356 (3) | −0.02132 (16) | 0.0489 (6) | |
H7 | 0.3219 | 0.9238 | −0.0856 | 0.059* | |
C8 | 0.0804 (5) | 0.8527 (2) | 0.01465 (17) | 0.0463 (6) | |
H8 | −0.0039 | 0.7867 | −0.0254 | 0.056* | |
C9 | 0.0105 (4) | 0.8681 (2) | 0.11029 (16) | 0.0359 (5) | |
C10 | 0.1391 (4) | 0.9690 (2) | 0.17085 (16) | 0.0350 (5) | |
C11 | −0.4634 (5) | 0.7024 (2) | 0.29241 (16) | 0.0358 (5) | |
C12 | −0.6037 (5) | 0.6040 (2) | 0.23650 (17) | 0.0440 (6) | |
H11 | −0.5771 | 0.5972 | 0.1698 | 0.053* | |
C13 | −0.7810 (5) | 0.5156 (2) | 0.27541 (17) | 0.0455 (6) | |
H12 | −0.8725 | 0.4510 | 0.2357 | 0.055* | |
C14 | −0.8199 (4) | 0.5247 (2) | 0.37392 (17) | 0.0389 (5) | |
C15 | −0.6900 (5) | 0.6218 (3) | 0.43220 (17) | 0.0471 (6) | |
H14 | −0.7205 | 0.6287 | 0.4985 | 0.057* | |
C16 | −0.5137 (5) | 0.7092 (3) | 0.39146 (17) | 0.0485 (6) | |
H15 | −0.4260 | 0.7746 | 0.4314 | 0.058* | |
B | −0.2545 (5) | 0.7993 (3) | 0.24819 (18) | 0.0346 (5) |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
Cl | 0.0573 (3) | 0.0516 (3) | 0.0563 (3) | −0.0125 (3) | 0.0131 (2) | 0.0070 (3) |
N1 | 0.0428 (10) | 0.0405 (11) | 0.0344 (10) | −0.0057 (9) | 0.0062 (8) | −0.0030 (9) |
N2 | 0.0443 (9) | 0.0446 (11) | 0.0319 (9) | −0.0039 (9) | 0.0107 (7) | −0.0019 (11) |
C1 | 0.0350 (10) | 0.0339 (12) | 0.0398 (11) | 0.0027 (9) | 0.0046 (9) | 0.0023 (9) |
C2 | 0.0519 (14) | 0.0451 (14) | 0.0420 (13) | −0.0015 (11) | 0.0071 (11) | −0.0053 (11) |
C3 | 0.0554 (15) | 0.0415 (15) | 0.0511 (16) | −0.0086 (11) | 0.0005 (12) | −0.0048 (11) |
C4 | 0.0506 (14) | 0.0385 (14) | 0.0547 (15) | −0.0025 (11) | 0.0065 (11) | 0.0089 (11) |
C5 | 0.0360 (11) | 0.0359 (12) | 0.0437 (12) | 0.0038 (9) | 0.0019 (9) | 0.0091 (10) |
C6 | 0.0490 (13) | 0.0469 (13) | 0.0395 (13) | 0.0008 (11) | 0.0109 (10) | 0.0118 (11) |
C7 | 0.0551 (13) | 0.0576 (18) | 0.0356 (11) | 0.0042 (11) | 0.0123 (10) | 0.0064 (11) |
C8 | 0.0534 (14) | 0.0521 (14) | 0.0342 (12) | −0.0029 (11) | 0.0087 (10) | −0.0059 (11) |
C9 | 0.0336 (10) | 0.0392 (12) | 0.0353 (11) | 0.0029 (8) | 0.0053 (8) | 0.0033 (9) |
C10 | 0.0343 (10) | 0.0342 (11) | 0.0361 (11) | 0.0072 (9) | 0.0020 (9) | 0.0033 (9) |
C11 | 0.0354 (11) | 0.0367 (12) | 0.0354 (11) | 0.0040 (9) | 0.0051 (8) | 0.0037 (9) |
C12 | 0.0521 (14) | 0.0473 (15) | 0.0337 (12) | −0.0039 (11) | 0.0094 (11) | −0.0010 (10) |
C13 | 0.0524 (13) | 0.0437 (14) | 0.0397 (13) | −0.0071 (11) | 0.0023 (10) | −0.0035 (10) |
C14 | 0.0354 (11) | 0.0378 (12) | 0.0435 (13) | 0.0018 (9) | 0.0047 (9) | 0.0058 (10) |
C15 | 0.0564 (14) | 0.0538 (15) | 0.0325 (12) | −0.0100 (12) | 0.0108 (10) | −0.0030 (11) |
C16 | 0.0550 (15) | 0.0512 (15) | 0.0399 (13) | −0.0140 (12) | 0.0074 (11) | −0.0092 (12) |
B | 0.0319 (11) | 0.0361 (13) | 0.0358 (12) | 0.0030 (10) | 0.0037 (9) | 0.0049 (10) |
Cl—C14 | 1.736 (2) | C6—H6 | 0.9300 |
N1—C9 | 1.386 (3) | C7—C8 | 1.386 (3) |
N1—B | 1.416 (3) | C7—H7 | 0.9300 |
N1—H1 | 0.82 (3) | C8—C9 | 1.384 (3) |
N2—C1 | 1.384 (3) | C8—H8 | 0.9300 |
N2—B | 1.405 (3) | C9—C10 | 1.416 (3) |
N2—H2 | 0.78 (2) | C11—C12 | 1.387 (3) |
C1—C2 | 1.382 (3) | C11—C16 | 1.393 (3) |
C1—C10 | 1.419 (3) | C11—B | 1.568 (3) |
C2—C3 | 1.396 (3) | C12—C13 | 1.380 (3) |
C2—H2A | 0.9300 | C12—H11 | 0.9300 |
C3—C4 | 1.361 (3) | C13—C14 | 1.373 (3) |
C3—H3 | 0.9300 | C13—H12 | 0.9300 |
C4—C5 | 1.411 (3) | C14—C15 | 1.373 (3) |
C4—H4 | 0.9300 | C15—C16 | 1.382 (3) |
C5—C6 | 1.414 (3) | C15—H14 | 0.9300 |
C5—C10 | 1.418 (3) | C16—H15 | 0.9300 |
C6—C7 | 1.364 (3) | ||
C9—N1—B | 123.6 (2) | C7—C8—H8 | 120.0 |
C9—N1—H1 | 114.6 (17) | C8—C9—N1 | 122.3 (2) |
B—N1—H1 | 121.7 (17) | C8—C9—C10 | 119.74 (19) |
C1—N2—B | 124.20 (18) | N1—C9—C10 | 117.99 (18) |
C1—N2—H2 | 113 (2) | C9—C10—C5 | 119.67 (19) |
B—N2—H2 | 123 (2) | C9—C10—C1 | 120.99 (19) |
C2—C1—N2 | 122.2 (2) | C5—C10—C1 | 119.3 (2) |
C2—C1—C10 | 120.1 (2) | C12—C11—C16 | 116.2 (2) |
N2—C1—C10 | 117.69 (19) | C12—C11—B | 122.39 (18) |
C1—C2—C3 | 119.8 (2) | C16—C11—B | 121.4 (2) |
C1—C2—H2A | 120.1 | C13—C12—C11 | 122.9 (2) |
C3—C2—H2A | 120.1 | C13—C12—H11 | 118.5 |
C4—C3—C2 | 121.4 (2) | C11—C12—H11 | 118.5 |
C4—C3—H3 | 119.3 | C14—C13—C12 | 118.8 (2) |
C2—C3—H3 | 119.3 | C14—C13—H12 | 120.6 |
C3—C4—C5 | 120.7 (2) | C12—C13—H12 | 120.6 |
C3—C4—H4 | 119.7 | C13—C14—C15 | 120.7 (2) |
C5—C4—H4 | 119.7 | C13—C14—Cl | 119.54 (18) |
C4—C5—C6 | 122.6 (2) | C15—C14—Cl | 119.78 (18) |
C4—C5—C10 | 118.7 (2) | C14—C15—C16 | 119.4 (2) |
C6—C5—C10 | 118.7 (2) | C14—C15—H14 | 120.3 |
C7—C6—C5 | 120.1 (2) | C16—C15—H14 | 120.3 |
C7—C6—H6 | 120.0 | C15—C16—C11 | 122.0 (2) |
C5—C6—H6 | 120.0 | C15—C16—H15 | 119.0 |
C6—C7—C8 | 121.9 (2) | C11—C16—H15 | 119.0 |
C6—C7—H7 | 119.1 | N2—B—N1 | 115.57 (19) |
C8—C7—H7 | 119.1 | N2—B—C11 | 122.17 (18) |
C9—C8—C7 | 120.0 (2) | N1—B—C11 | 122.22 (19) |
C9—C8—H8 | 120.0 | ||
B—N2—C1—C2 | −179.4 (2) | C6—C5—C10—C1 | 178.8 (2) |
B—N2—C1—C10 | 0.1 (3) | C2—C1—C10—C9 | 179.5 (2) |
N2—C1—C2—C3 | −179.5 (2) | N2—C1—C10—C9 | −0.1 (3) |
C10—C1—C2—C3 | 1.0 (3) | C2—C1—C10—C5 | −0.4 (3) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | −1.3 (4) | N2—C1—C10—C5 | −179.92 (19) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | 1.1 (4) | C16—C11—C12—C13 | −0.9 (4) |
C3—C4—C5—C6 | −179.1 (2) | B—C11—C12—C13 | 177.9 (2) |
C3—C4—C5—C10 | −0.5 (3) | C11—C12—C13—C14 | −0.3 (4) |
C4—C5—C6—C7 | 179.6 (2) | C12—C13—C14—C15 | 1.5 (4) |
C10—C5—C6—C7 | 0.9 (3) | C12—C13—C14—Cl | −178.80 (19) |
C5—C6—C7—C8 | −0.2 (4) | C13—C14—C15—C16 | −1.4 (4) |
C6—C7—C8—C9 | −0.4 (4) | Cl—C14—C15—C16 | 178.9 (2) |
C7—C8—C9—N1 | −179.2 (2) | C14—C15—C16—C11 | 0.2 (4) |
C7—C8—C9—C10 | 0.2 (3) | C12—C11—C16—C15 | 0.9 (4) |
B—N1—C9—C8 | 179.2 (2) | B—C11—C16—C15 | −177.8 (2) |
B—N1—C9—C10 | −0.2 (3) | C1—N2—B—N1 | −0.2 (3) |
C8—C9—C10—C5 | 0.5 (3) | C1—N2—B—C11 | 177.6 (2) |
N1—C9—C10—C5 | 179.96 (18) | C9—N1—B—N2 | 0.2 (3) |
C8—C9—C10—C1 | −179.3 (2) | C9—N1—B—C11 | −177.60 (19) |
N1—C9—C10—C1 | 0.1 (3) | C12—C11—B—N2 | 178.0 (2) |
C4—C5—C10—C9 | −179.77 (19) | C16—C11—B—N2 | −3.3 (3) |
C6—C5—C10—C9 | −1.1 (3) | C12—C11—B—N1 | −4.3 (3) |
C4—C5—C10—C1 | 0.1 (3) | C16—C11—B—N1 | 174.4 (2) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N2—H2···Cli | 0.78 (2) | 2.93 (2) | 3.666 (2) | 158 (2) |
Symmetry code: (i) −x−1, y+1/2, −z+1. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C16H12BClN2 |
Mr | 278.54 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, P21 |
Temperature (K) | 296 |
a, b, c (Å) | 4.7165 (2), 10.2815 (4), 13.5711 (6) |
β (°) | 96.555 (4) |
V (Å3) | 653.79 (5) |
Z | 2 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.28 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.50 × 0.15 × 0.07 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Oxford Diffraction Xcalibur 2 CCD diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2003) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.896, 0.981 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 4902, 2286, 2011 |
Rint | 0.027 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.618 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.039, 0.098, 1.00 |
No. of reflections | 2286 |
No. of parameters | 189 |
No. of restraints | 1 |
H-atom treatment | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.15, −0.25 |
Absolute structure | Flack (1983), 924 Friedel pairs |
Absolute structure parameter | 0.05 (7) |
Computer programs: CrysAlis CCD (Oxford Diffraction, 2008), CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2008), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), WinGX (Farrugia, 1999).
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N2—H2···Cli | 0.78 (2) | 2.93 (2) | 3.666 (2) | 158 (2) |
Symmetry code: (i) −x−1, y+1/2, −z+1. |
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the University of KwaZulu-Natal and the National Research Foundation for their support and funding.
References
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The structure of the title compound is nominally planar with a slight rotation of the p-chlorophenyl ring relative to the naphthalene rings and boron-nitrogen heterocycle. The N1—B—C11—C12 torsion angle is -4.3 (3)° (refer to Figure 1 for the atom numbering scheme). The orientation of the heterocycle relative to the diazaborolyl groups is critical, since as the rings approach co-planarity there is more effective overlap of the π-systems of the boron atom and the carbon atom to which it is attached. The bond lengths N1—B and N2—B are approximately equal, measuring 1.416 (3) and 1.405 (3) Å, respectively, while the B—C11 bond length is 1.568 (4) Å. The Cl—C14 bond length is 1.736 (2) Å. The N1—B—N2 bond angle is 115.6 (2)°, the N1—B—C11 and N2—B—C11 bond angles are equal, both measuring 122.2 (2)°. These bond length and angles are comparable to those of previously reported diazaborolyl systems (Weber et al., 2009).
Examination of the title compound showed that there is a short contact between the boron atom and the naphthalene rings of an adjacent molecule. The distance from the boron atom to the 10-atom naphthalene centroid is 3.381 (4) Å. These B-π interaction link the molecules, forming infinite, one-dimensional chains. Adjacent one dimensional chains are then weakly hydrogen-bonded together by a N-H hydrogen atom and the chlorine atom of the adjacent molecule. These hydrogen bonds are likely to be very weak as they are only nominally shorter than the sum of the van der Waals radii (0.022 Å shorter) (Table 1). The combination of intermolecular interactions results in the formation of infinite, two-dimensional sheets (Figure 2). The two-dimensional sheet runs perpendicular to the c axis.