organic compounds
2-Methyl-1-phenylsulfonyl-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde
aDepartment of Physics, AMET University, Kanathur, Chennai 603 112, India, bDepartment of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India, cDepartment of Physics, Presidency College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 005, India, and dDepartment of Research and Development, PRIST University, Vallam, Thanjavur 613 403, Tamil Nadu, India
*Correspondence e-mail: crystallography2010@gmail.com
In the title compound, C16H13NO3S, the sulfonyl-bound phenyl ring forms a dihedral angle of 84.17 (6)° with the indole ring system. An intramolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring motif. The exhibits weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions between the five- and six-membered rings of the indole group [centroid–centroid distance = 3.6871 (9) Å].
Related literature
For the biological activities of indole compounds, see: Chai et al. (2006); Singh et al. (2000); Andreani et al. (2001). For related structures, see: Chakkaravarthi et al. (2007, 2008); Ramathilagam et al. (2011). For graph-set notation, see: Bernstein et al. (1995).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Refinement
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Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2004); cell SAINT (Bruker, 2004); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: PLATON (Spek, 2009); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97.
Supporting information
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536811035665/ci5199sup1.cif
contains datablocks global, I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536811035665/ci5199Isup2.hkl
Supporting information file. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536811035665/ci5199Isup3.cml
2-Methylindole-3-carboxaldehyde (5 g, 31.4 mmol) was dissolved in distilled benzene (100 ml). To this benzenesulfonylchloride (6.6 g, 4.8 ml, 37.7 mmol) and 60% aqueous NAOH (32g in 53ml) were added along with tetrabutyl ammonium hydrogensulfate (1.0 g). This two phase system was stirred at room temperature for 2h. It was then diluted with water (200 ml) and the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with benzene (2× 30 ml) and the combined organic extracts were dried (Na2SO4). The solvent was removed completely and the crude product was recrystallized from methanol (m.p 431–433 K).
H atoms were positioned geometrically and refined using riding model, with d(C–H) = 0.93 Å and Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C) for aromatic C–H and d(C–H) = 0.96 Å and Uiso(H) = 1.5Ueq(C) for methyl C–H.
Indole derivatives are found in many natural products and these derivatives exhibit antibacterial, antifungal (Singh et al., 2000) and antitumour activities (Andreani et al., 2001). In addition, certain indole derivatives exhibit anti-hepatitis B virus (Chai et al., 2006) activity.
The geometric parameters of the title molecule (Fig. 1) agree well with those observed in related structures (Chakkaravarthi et al., 2007, 2008; Ramathilagam et al., 2011). The dihedral angle between the benzene (C1–C6) and phenyl rings (C11–C16) is 83.81 (7)°. The sum of bond angles around N1 [359.9°] indicates sp2 hybridization.
The molecular structure is stabilized by a weak intramolecular C—H···O hydrogen bond and the crystal packing is stabilized by weak intermolecular C—H···O hydrogen bonds. The intramolecular C5—H5···O1 hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring (Bernstein et al., 1995).
For the biological activities of indole compounds, see: Chai et al. (2006); Singh et al. (2000); Andreani et al. (2001). For related structures, see: Chakkaravarthi et al. (2007, 2008); Ramathilagam et al. (2011). For graph-set notation, see: Bernstein et al. (1995).
Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2004); cell
SAINT (Bruker, 2004); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2004); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: PLATON (Spek, 2009); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008).Fig. 1. The molecular structure of the title compound, with atom labels and 30% probability displacement ellipsoids for non-H atoms. |
C16H13NO3S | F(000) = 624 |
Mr = 299.33 | Dx = 1.423 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: -P 2Ybc | Cell parameters from 4242 reflections |
a = 11.6305 (5) Å | θ = 2.8–30.5° |
b = 8.4039 (4) Å | µ = 0.24 mm−1 |
c = 14.3128 (8) Å | T = 295 K |
β = 93.126 (1)° | Block, colourless |
V = 1396.87 (12) Å3 | 0.22 × 0.20 × 0.18 mm |
Z = 4 |
Bruker Kappa APEXII CCD diffractometer | 4242 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 3212 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.024 |
ω and φ scans | θmax = 30.5°, θmin = 2.8° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996) | h = −8→16 |
Tmin = 0.949, Tmax = 0.958 | k = −11→11 |
18442 measured reflections | l = −20→20 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.041 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.116 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.06 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.051P)2 + 0.3293P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
4242 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
191 parameters | Δρmax = 0.31 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.27 e Å−3 |
C16H13NO3S | V = 1396.87 (12) Å3 |
Mr = 299.33 | Z = 4 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 11.6305 (5) Å | µ = 0.24 mm−1 |
b = 8.4039 (4) Å | T = 295 K |
c = 14.3128 (8) Å | 0.22 × 0.20 × 0.18 mm |
β = 93.126 (1)° |
Bruker Kappa APEXII CCD diffractometer | 4242 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996) | 3212 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.949, Tmax = 0.958 | Rint = 0.024 |
18442 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.041 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.116 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.06 | Δρmax = 0.31 e Å−3 |
4242 reflections | Δρmin = −0.27 e Å−3 |
191 parameters |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
C1 | 0.51033 (11) | 1.03657 (16) | 0.11957 (9) | 0.0372 (3) | |
C2 | 0.62740 (13) | 1.0134 (2) | 0.14228 (11) | 0.0488 (3) | |
H2 | 0.6794 | 1.0968 | 0.1382 | 0.059* | |
C3 | 0.66431 (13) | 0.8654 (2) | 0.17072 (12) | 0.0541 (4) | |
H3 | 0.7420 | 0.8486 | 0.1863 | 0.065* | |
C4 | 0.58737 (14) | 0.7403 (2) | 0.17652 (11) | 0.0509 (4) | |
H4 | 0.6148 | 0.6412 | 0.1961 | 0.061* | |
C5 | 0.47145 (13) | 0.75842 (17) | 0.15415 (10) | 0.0442 (3) | |
H5 | 0.4203 | 0.6739 | 0.1581 | 0.053* | |
C6 | 0.43434 (11) | 0.90840 (16) | 0.12546 (9) | 0.0356 (3) | |
C7 | 0.33085 (13) | 1.12984 (17) | 0.07792 (10) | 0.0429 (3) | |
C8 | 0.44359 (12) | 1.17348 (17) | 0.08955 (9) | 0.0412 (3) | |
C9 | 0.22868 (16) | 1.2312 (2) | 0.05301 (14) | 0.0655 (5) | |
H9A | 0.2527 | 1.3399 | 0.0472 | 0.098* | |
H9B | 0.1747 | 1.2233 | 0.1012 | 0.098* | |
H9C | 0.1929 | 1.1958 | −0.0053 | 0.098* | |
C10 | 0.48781 (17) | 1.3321 (2) | 0.07368 (12) | 0.0559 (4) | |
H10 | 0.4355 | 1.4109 | 0.0545 | 0.067* | |
C11 | 0.13200 (11) | 0.92243 (17) | 0.19354 (9) | 0.0395 (3) | |
C12 | 0.18938 (12) | 0.90248 (19) | 0.27999 (10) | 0.0457 (3) | |
H12 | 0.2640 | 0.8624 | 0.2845 | 0.055* | |
C13 | 0.13415 (16) | 0.9431 (2) | 0.35933 (11) | 0.0569 (4) | |
H13 | 0.1717 | 0.9313 | 0.4180 | 0.068* | |
C14 | 0.02338 (16) | 1.0010 (2) | 0.35188 (13) | 0.0624 (4) | |
H14 | −0.0138 | 1.0270 | 0.4058 | 0.075* | |
C15 | −0.03304 (14) | 1.0211 (2) | 0.26584 (13) | 0.0613 (4) | |
H15 | −0.1078 | 1.0608 | 0.2618 | 0.074* | |
C16 | 0.02108 (12) | 0.9824 (2) | 0.18524 (11) | 0.0516 (4) | |
H16 | −0.0163 | 0.9964 | 0.1267 | 0.062* | |
N1 | 0.32271 (9) | 0.96653 (14) | 0.09734 (8) | 0.0411 (3) | |
O1 | 0.23308 (10) | 0.69878 (14) | 0.10309 (9) | 0.0575 (3) | |
O2 | 0.13304 (10) | 0.91043 (19) | 0.01249 (8) | 0.0667 (4) | |
O3 | 0.58819 (13) | 1.36833 (15) | 0.08380 (10) | 0.0742 (4) | |
S1 | 0.20015 (3) | 0.86138 (5) | 0.09314 (2) | 0.04468 (12) |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
C1 | 0.0448 (6) | 0.0379 (7) | 0.0289 (6) | −0.0030 (5) | 0.0030 (5) | −0.0032 (5) |
C2 | 0.0440 (7) | 0.0547 (9) | 0.0472 (8) | −0.0074 (6) | −0.0017 (6) | −0.0046 (7) |
C3 | 0.0436 (7) | 0.0656 (11) | 0.0522 (9) | 0.0079 (7) | −0.0060 (6) | −0.0027 (8) |
C4 | 0.0571 (8) | 0.0483 (9) | 0.0471 (8) | 0.0133 (7) | 0.0004 (6) | 0.0037 (7) |
C5 | 0.0496 (7) | 0.0387 (7) | 0.0446 (7) | 0.0006 (6) | 0.0056 (6) | 0.0048 (6) |
C6 | 0.0385 (6) | 0.0379 (7) | 0.0307 (6) | 0.0009 (5) | 0.0045 (5) | 0.0004 (5) |
C7 | 0.0510 (7) | 0.0415 (7) | 0.0364 (7) | 0.0070 (6) | 0.0045 (6) | 0.0049 (6) |
C8 | 0.0537 (8) | 0.0364 (7) | 0.0336 (6) | −0.0022 (6) | 0.0026 (5) | −0.0003 (5) |
C9 | 0.0608 (10) | 0.0607 (11) | 0.0750 (12) | 0.0181 (8) | 0.0052 (9) | 0.0158 (9) |
C10 | 0.0760 (11) | 0.0397 (8) | 0.0511 (9) | −0.0074 (7) | −0.0044 (8) | 0.0027 (7) |
C11 | 0.0338 (6) | 0.0439 (7) | 0.0407 (7) | −0.0018 (5) | 0.0020 (5) | 0.0007 (6) |
C12 | 0.0411 (7) | 0.0510 (8) | 0.0445 (8) | 0.0027 (6) | −0.0011 (6) | 0.0027 (6) |
C13 | 0.0653 (10) | 0.0651 (11) | 0.0400 (8) | 0.0036 (8) | 0.0012 (7) | 0.0007 (7) |
C14 | 0.0630 (10) | 0.0713 (12) | 0.0545 (10) | 0.0056 (9) | 0.0169 (8) | −0.0067 (9) |
C15 | 0.0439 (8) | 0.0717 (12) | 0.0690 (11) | 0.0132 (8) | 0.0091 (7) | −0.0060 (9) |
C16 | 0.0385 (7) | 0.0648 (10) | 0.0508 (8) | 0.0050 (6) | −0.0042 (6) | 0.0012 (7) |
N1 | 0.0372 (5) | 0.0421 (7) | 0.0442 (6) | −0.0003 (4) | 0.0050 (4) | 0.0063 (5) |
O1 | 0.0532 (6) | 0.0470 (6) | 0.0737 (8) | −0.0101 (5) | 0.0156 (5) | −0.0129 (6) |
O2 | 0.0536 (6) | 0.1042 (11) | 0.0411 (6) | −0.0050 (7) | −0.0075 (5) | −0.0038 (6) |
O3 | 0.0809 (9) | 0.0546 (8) | 0.0847 (10) | −0.0268 (7) | −0.0179 (7) | 0.0078 (7) |
S1 | 0.03861 (17) | 0.0548 (2) | 0.0407 (2) | −0.00535 (14) | 0.00263 (13) | −0.00445 (15) |
C1—C2 | 1.3962 (19) | C9—H9C | 0.96 |
C1—C6 | 1.3988 (18) | C10—O3 | 1.207 (2) |
C1—C8 | 1.4404 (19) | C10—H10 | 0.93 |
C2—C3 | 1.370 (2) | C11—C12 | 1.3835 (19) |
C2—H2 | 0.93 | C11—C16 | 1.3841 (19) |
C3—C4 | 1.386 (2) | C11—S1 | 1.7552 (14) |
C3—H3 | 0.93 | C12—C13 | 1.378 (2) |
C4—C5 | 1.377 (2) | C12—H12 | 0.93 |
C4—H4 | 0.93 | C13—C14 | 1.376 (2) |
C5—C6 | 1.3871 (19) | C13—H13 | 0.93 |
C5—H5 | 0.93 | C14—C15 | 1.374 (3) |
C6—N1 | 1.4246 (16) | C14—H14 | 0.93 |
C7—C8 | 1.363 (2) | C15—C16 | 1.383 (2) |
C7—N1 | 1.4046 (19) | C15—H15 | 0.93 |
C7—C9 | 1.490 (2) | C16—H16 | 0.93 |
C8—C10 | 1.451 (2) | N1—S1 | 1.6753 (12) |
C9—H9A | 0.96 | O1—S1 | 1.4242 (13) |
C9—H9B | 0.96 | O2—S1 | 1.4190 (12) |
C2—C1—C6 | 119.32 (13) | O3—C10—C8 | 124.15 (17) |
C2—C1—C8 | 133.15 (13) | O3—C10—H10 | 117.9 |
C6—C1—C8 | 107.53 (12) | C8—C10—H10 | 117.9 |
C3—C2—C1 | 118.80 (14) | C12—C11—C16 | 121.52 (13) |
C3—C2—H2 | 120.6 | C12—C11—S1 | 118.64 (10) |
C1—C2—H2 | 120.6 | C16—C11—S1 | 119.77 (11) |
C2—C3—C4 | 120.88 (14) | C13—C12—C11 | 118.90 (14) |
C2—C3—H3 | 119.6 | C13—C12—H12 | 120.6 |
C4—C3—H3 | 119.6 | C11—C12—H12 | 120.6 |
C5—C4—C3 | 121.96 (15) | C14—C13—C12 | 120.02 (15) |
C5—C4—H4 | 119.0 | C14—C13—H13 | 120.0 |
C3—C4—H4 | 119.0 | C12—C13—H13 | 120.0 |
C4—C5—C6 | 117.02 (14) | C15—C14—C13 | 120.82 (15) |
C4—C5—H5 | 121.5 | C15—C14—H14 | 119.6 |
C6—C5—H5 | 121.5 | C13—C14—H14 | 119.6 |
C5—C6—C1 | 122.02 (12) | C14—C15—C16 | 120.14 (15) |
C5—C6—N1 | 131.25 (12) | C14—C15—H15 | 119.9 |
C1—C6—N1 | 106.74 (12) | C16—C15—H15 | 119.9 |
C8—C7—N1 | 108.28 (12) | C15—C16—C11 | 118.59 (14) |
C8—C7—C9 | 128.68 (14) | C15—C16—H16 | 120.7 |
N1—C7—C9 | 123.01 (14) | C11—C16—H16 | 120.7 |
C7—C8—C1 | 108.71 (12) | C7—N1—C6 | 108.71 (11) |
C7—C8—C10 | 125.09 (14) | C7—N1—S1 | 125.08 (10) |
C1—C8—C10 | 126.20 (14) | C6—N1—S1 | 126.14 (10) |
C7—C9—H9A | 109.5 | O2—S1—O1 | 119.54 (8) |
C7—C9—H9B | 109.5 | O2—S1—N1 | 107.77 (7) |
H9A—C9—H9B | 109.5 | O1—S1—N1 | 106.19 (6) |
C7—C9—H9C | 109.5 | O2—S1—C11 | 109.16 (7) |
H9A—C9—H9C | 109.5 | O1—S1—C11 | 109.24 (7) |
H9B—C9—H9C | 109.5 | N1—S1—C11 | 103.76 (6) |
C6—C1—C2—C3 | −0.7 (2) | C13—C14—C15—C16 | 0.2 (3) |
C8—C1—C2—C3 | 178.78 (15) | C14—C15—C16—C11 | 0.5 (3) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | 0.3 (2) | C12—C11—C16—C15 | −0.7 (2) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | 0.1 (2) | S1—C11—C16—C15 | 176.34 (13) |
C3—C4—C5—C6 | −0.1 (2) | C8—C7—N1—C6 | 2.23 (15) |
C4—C5—C6—C1 | −0.2 (2) | C9—C7—N1—C6 | −175.57 (14) |
C4—C5—C6—N1 | 179.63 (14) | C8—C7—N1—S1 | 179.33 (10) |
C2—C1—C6—C5 | 0.6 (2) | C9—C7—N1—S1 | 1.5 (2) |
C8—C1—C6—C5 | −178.94 (12) | C5—C6—N1—C7 | 178.03 (14) |
C2—C1—C6—N1 | −179.26 (12) | C1—C6—N1—C7 | −2.08 (14) |
C8—C1—C6—N1 | 1.17 (14) | C5—C6—N1—S1 | 1.0 (2) |
N1—C7—C8—C1 | −1.48 (16) | C1—C6—N1—S1 | −179.15 (9) |
C9—C7—C8—C1 | 176.15 (15) | C7—N1—S1—O2 | 41.89 (14) |
N1—C7—C8—C10 | 178.30 (13) | C6—N1—S1—O2 | −141.51 (11) |
C9—C7—C8—C10 | −4.1 (3) | C7—N1—S1—O1 | 171.10 (11) |
C2—C1—C8—C7 | −179.31 (15) | C6—N1—S1—O1 | −12.30 (13) |
C6—C1—C8—C7 | 0.18 (15) | C7—N1—S1—C11 | −73.79 (13) |
C2—C1—C8—C10 | 0.9 (2) | C6—N1—S1—C11 | 102.82 (12) |
C6—C1—C8—C10 | −179.60 (13) | C12—C11—S1—O2 | −172.81 (12) |
C7—C8—C10—O3 | −179.51 (16) | C16—C11—S1—O2 | 10.03 (16) |
C1—C8—C10—O3 | 0.2 (3) | C12—C11—S1—O1 | 54.80 (13) |
C16—C11—C12—C13 | 0.2 (2) | C16—C11—S1—O1 | −122.36 (13) |
S1—C11—C12—C13 | −176.90 (13) | C12—C11—S1—N1 | −58.13 (13) |
C11—C12—C13—C14 | 0.6 (3) | C16—C11—S1—N1 | 124.72 (13) |
C12—C13—C14—C15 | −0.8 (3) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C5—H5···O1 | 0.93 | 2.28 | 2.8723 (19) | 121 |
C12—H12···O3i | 0.93 | 2.48 | 3.1664 (19) | 131 |
C16—H16···O2ii | 0.93 | 2.48 | 3.388 (2) | 167 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, y−1/2, −z+1/2; (ii) −x, −y+2, −z. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C16H13NO3S |
Mr | 299.33 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, P21/c |
Temperature (K) | 295 |
a, b, c (Å) | 11.6305 (5), 8.4039 (4), 14.3128 (8) |
β (°) | 93.126 (1) |
V (Å3) | 1396.87 (12) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.24 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.22 × 0.20 × 0.18 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Bruker Kappa APEXII CCD |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.949, 0.958 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 18442, 4242, 3212 |
Rint | 0.024 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.713 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.041, 0.116, 1.06 |
No. of reflections | 4242 |
No. of parameters | 191 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.31, −0.27 |
Computer programs: APEX2 (Bruker, 2004), SAINT (Bruker, 2004), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), PLATON (Spek, 2009).
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C5—H5···O1 | 0.93 | 2.28 | 2.8723 (19) | 121 |
C12—H12···O3i | 0.93 | 2.48 | 3.1664 (19) | 131 |
C16—H16···O2ii | 0.93 | 2.48 | 3.388 (2) | 167 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, y−1/2, −z+1/2; (ii) −x, −y+2, −z. |
Acknowledgements
CR wishes to acknowledge AMET University management, India, for their kind support.
References
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Indole derivatives are found in many natural products and these derivatives exhibit antibacterial, antifungal (Singh et al., 2000) and antitumour activities (Andreani et al., 2001). In addition, certain indole derivatives exhibit anti-hepatitis B virus (Chai et al., 2006) activity.
The geometric parameters of the title molecule (Fig. 1) agree well with those observed in related structures (Chakkaravarthi et al., 2007, 2008; Ramathilagam et al., 2011). The dihedral angle between the benzene (C1–C6) and phenyl rings (C11–C16) is 83.81 (7)°. The sum of bond angles around N1 [359.9°] indicates sp2 hybridization.
The molecular structure is stabilized by a weak intramolecular C—H···O hydrogen bond and the crystal packing is stabilized by weak intermolecular C—H···O hydrogen bonds. The intramolecular C5—H5···O1 hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring (Bernstein et al., 1995).