organic compounds
1-[(4-{[(2-Oxo-1,2-dihydronaphthalen-1-ylidene)methyl]amino}anilino)methylidene]naphthalen-2(1H)-one dihydrate
aDepartment of Chemistry, J.J. Strossmayer University, Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia, and bLaboratory of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
*Correspondence e-mail: ablagus@kemija.unios.hr
The title compound, C28H20N2O2·2H2O, comprises a Schiff base molecule with an imposed inversion centre in the middle of p-phenylenediamine unit and water molecules of crystallization. In the structure, the Schiff base molecule is present as the keto–amino tautomer with a strong intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond. The Schiff base molecules and water molecules of crystallization create infinite [010] columns through O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Intermolecular attractions within columns are through additional π–π interactions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.352 (1) Å] between parallel Schiff base molecules. The columns are joined into infinite (011) layers through weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The layers pack in an assembly by van der Waals attractions, only being effective between bordering non-polar naphthalene ring systems.
Related literature
For general background to et al. (2010). The stereochemistry of intrinsic differs significantly, see: Inabe et al. (1994). For the quinoid effect in 2-oxy-naphthaldimine Schiff base derivatives, see: Gavranić et al. (1996); Friščić et al. (1998). For the herringbone packing motif in fused aromatic systems, see: Desiraju & Gavezzotti (1989).
see: BlagusExperimental
Crystal data
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Data collection
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Refinement
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Data collection: CrysAlis CCD (Oxford Diffraction, 2003); cell CrysAlis CCD; data reduction: CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2003); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997); software used to prepare material for publication: WinGX (Farrugia, 1999), PARST97 (Nardelli, 1995) and Mercury (Macrae et al., 2006).
Supporting information
10.1107/S1600536811041870/kp2357sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536811041870/kp2357Isup2.hkl
Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536811041870/kp2357Isup3.cml
The crystals of (I), (1,4-bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylmethylideneamino)benzene as crystal hydrate were obtained during an unsuccessful attempt to synthesise the nickel complex of corresponding Schiff base. Schiff base itself was prepared separately in standard way by condensation of 2-hydroxy-naphtaldehyde and p-phenylenediamine in ethanol solution in molar ratio 2:1 and used as a ligand in metal complex synthesis. The 1:1 mixture of 0.1 mmol DMSO solutions of Schiff base and 0.2 mmol nickel salt, NiCl2. 6H2O was stirred under reflux for two h at 373 K. Preparation of nickel complex failed. The crystals of title compound crystallised from mother liquor after cooling to RT and mechanically separated from nickel salt.
Hydrogen atoms were refined in two different ways.
For hydrogen atoms bonded to C and N atoms benzene type riding mode was used with C-to-H and N-to-H bond distances taken as 0.93 and 0.86 Å, respectively.
Due to somewhat higher values of anisotropic thermal parameters of O1W oxygen atom, implying to certain disorder of water molecule, bond distances O1W to H1A and H1B, respectively, as well as bond distance H1A–H1B were restrained to the values accepted for water molecule. Bond distances O1W to H1A and H1B, respectively were fixed to 0.82 (1) Å and H1A to H1B to 1.30 (1) Å and the position of hydrogen atoms were re-calculated in consecutive
cycles. Isotropic thermal parameters for hydrogen atoms were estimated as 1.2 times of equivalent isotropic thermal parameter of corresponding C, N and O atoms.Data collection: CrysAlis CCD (Oxford Diffraction, 2003); cell
CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2003); data reduction: CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2003); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997); software used to prepare material for publication: WinGX (Farrugia, 1999), PARST97 (Nardelli, 1995) and Mercury (Macrae et al., 2006).C28H20N2O2·2H2O | F(000) = 476 |
Mr = 452.49 | Dx = 1.351 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: -P 2ybc | Cell parameters from 2423 reflections |
a = 17.4222 (11) Å | θ = 4–27° |
b = 4.4686 (5) Å | µ = 0.09 mm−1 |
c = 15.9374 (10) Å | T = 298 K |
β = 116.30 (1)° | Prism, green |
V = 1112.3 (2) Å3 | 0.5 × 0.2 × 0.1 mm |
Z = 2 |
Oxford Diffraction Xcalibur CCD diffractometer | 1351 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | Rint = 0.054 |
Graphite monochromator | θmax = 27.0°, θmin = 3.9° |
ω scans | h = −22→21 |
14006 measured reflections | k = −5→5 |
2423 independent reflections | l = −20→20 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.061 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.190 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 1.05 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0914P)2 + 0.2128P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
2423 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.009 |
160 parameters | Δρmax = 0.20 e Å−3 |
3 restraints | Δρmin = −0.27 e Å−3 |
C28H20N2O2·2H2O | V = 1112.3 (2) Å3 |
Mr = 452.49 | Z = 2 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 17.4222 (11) Å | µ = 0.09 mm−1 |
b = 4.4686 (5) Å | T = 298 K |
c = 15.9374 (10) Å | 0.5 × 0.2 × 0.1 mm |
β = 116.30 (1)° |
Oxford Diffraction Xcalibur CCD diffractometer | 1351 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
14006 measured reflections | Rint = 0.054 |
2423 independent reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.061 | 3 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.190 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 1.05 | Δρmax = 0.20 e Å−3 |
2423 reflections | Δρmin = −0.27 e Å−3 |
160 parameters |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
O1 | 0.19806 (12) | 0.2820 (4) | 0.25053 (12) | 0.0537 (6) | |
N1 | 0.12888 (13) | 0.5855 (4) | 0.09888 (14) | 0.0420 (5) | |
H1 | 0.1321 | 0.5349 | 0.1524 | 0.050* | |
C1 | 0.24546 (15) | 0.2518 (5) | 0.13184 (17) | 0.0383 (6) | |
C2 | 0.25000 (16) | 0.1743 (5) | 0.22164 (17) | 0.0416 (6) | |
C3 | 0.31492 (17) | −0.0329 (6) | 0.27967 (18) | 0.0486 (7) | |
H3 | 0.3186 | −0.0853 | 0.3378 | 0.058* | |
C4 | 0.37040 (18) | −0.1525 (6) | 0.25139 (19) | 0.0495 (7) | |
H4 | 0.4116 | −0.2855 | 0.2910 | 0.059* | |
C5 | 0.36876 (15) | −0.0839 (5) | 0.16289 (18) | 0.0427 (6) | |
C6 | 0.42800 (18) | −0.2111 (6) | 0.1358 (2) | 0.0527 (7) | |
H6 | 0.4696 | −0.3410 | 0.1764 | 0.063* | |
C7 | 0.42563 (19) | −0.1479 (7) | 0.0517 (2) | 0.0583 (8) | |
H7 | 0.4654 | −0.2326 | 0.0345 | 0.070* | |
C8 | 0.36356 (19) | 0.0436 (6) | −0.0084 (2) | 0.0568 (8) | |
H8 | 0.3616 | 0.0850 | −0.0665 | 0.068* | |
C9 | 0.30524 (18) | 0.1733 (6) | 0.01493 (19) | 0.0498 (7) | |
H9 | 0.2643 | 0.3014 | −0.0274 | 0.060* | |
C10 | 0.30542 (15) | 0.1174 (5) | 0.10235 (17) | 0.0387 (6) | |
C11 | 0.18466 (15) | 0.4573 (5) | 0.07490 (17) | 0.0399 (6) | |
H11 | 0.1832 | 0.5066 | 0.0175 | 0.048* | |
C12 | 0.06465 (15) | 0.7953 (5) | 0.04716 (18) | 0.0396 (6) | |
C13 | 0.05037 (17) | 0.8940 (6) | −0.04079 (19) | 0.0466 (7) | |
H13 | 0.0838 | 0.8227 | −0.0685 | 0.056* | |
C14 | −0.01402 (16) | 1.0993 (6) | −0.08723 (18) | 0.0450 (6) | |
H14 | −0.0233 | 1.1673 | −0.1461 | 0.054* | |
O1W | 0.1500 (2) | 0.8211 (6) | 0.3392 (2) | 0.0919 (9) | |
H1A | 0.160 (3) | 0.978 (4) | 0.317 (3) | 0.110* | |
H1B | 0.170 (3) | 0.687 (5) | 0.318 (3) | 0.110* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
O1 | 0.0561 (12) | 0.0580 (12) | 0.0539 (12) | 0.0074 (10) | 0.0306 (10) | 0.0081 (9) |
N1 | 0.0396 (12) | 0.0385 (11) | 0.0463 (12) | 0.0040 (10) | 0.0177 (10) | 0.0037 (10) |
C1 | 0.0330 (13) | 0.0333 (12) | 0.0435 (14) | −0.0026 (11) | 0.0122 (11) | −0.0004 (11) |
C2 | 0.0396 (14) | 0.0392 (14) | 0.0462 (15) | −0.0029 (12) | 0.0193 (13) | 0.0003 (12) |
C3 | 0.0490 (16) | 0.0481 (15) | 0.0434 (15) | 0.0008 (13) | 0.0156 (13) | 0.0080 (12) |
C4 | 0.0414 (15) | 0.0442 (15) | 0.0511 (16) | 0.0031 (13) | 0.0097 (13) | 0.0079 (13) |
C5 | 0.0323 (13) | 0.0402 (13) | 0.0495 (15) | −0.0007 (11) | 0.0124 (12) | −0.0009 (12) |
C6 | 0.0394 (15) | 0.0461 (16) | 0.0653 (19) | 0.0066 (12) | 0.0166 (14) | 0.0016 (14) |
C7 | 0.0535 (18) | 0.0555 (17) | 0.074 (2) | 0.0034 (15) | 0.0361 (17) | −0.0068 (16) |
C8 | 0.0609 (19) | 0.0574 (18) | 0.0573 (18) | 0.0021 (15) | 0.0309 (16) | −0.0027 (14) |
C9 | 0.0511 (17) | 0.0498 (16) | 0.0480 (16) | 0.0090 (13) | 0.0214 (14) | 0.0045 (12) |
C10 | 0.0345 (13) | 0.0333 (12) | 0.0442 (14) | −0.0025 (11) | 0.0138 (11) | −0.0025 (11) |
C11 | 0.0373 (14) | 0.0352 (13) | 0.0449 (14) | −0.0005 (11) | 0.0162 (12) | −0.0029 (11) |
C12 | 0.0365 (14) | 0.0328 (13) | 0.0451 (14) | 0.0008 (11) | 0.0142 (12) | −0.0017 (11) |
C13 | 0.0433 (15) | 0.0454 (14) | 0.0536 (16) | 0.0058 (13) | 0.0238 (13) | 0.0002 (13) |
C14 | 0.0454 (15) | 0.0457 (14) | 0.0427 (14) | 0.0052 (13) | 0.0185 (13) | 0.0039 (12) |
O1W | 0.113 (2) | 0.0952 (18) | 0.0958 (19) | 0.0004 (18) | 0.0719 (17) | 0.0129 (17) |
O1—C2 | 1.277 (3) | C6—H6 | 0.9300 |
N1—C11 | 1.322 (3) | C7—C8 | 1.378 (4) |
N1—C12 | 1.412 (3) | C7—H7 | 0.9300 |
N1—H1 | 0.8600 | C8—C9 | 1.357 (4) |
C1—C11 | 1.392 (3) | C8—H8 | 0.9300 |
C1—C2 | 1.440 (3) | C9—C10 | 1.414 (4) |
C1—C10 | 1.452 (3) | C9—H9 | 0.9300 |
C2—C3 | 1.437 (3) | C11—H11 | 0.9300 |
C3—C4 | 1.345 (4) | C12—C13 | 1.383 (4) |
C3—H3 | 0.9300 | C13—C14 | 1.383 (4) |
C4—C5 | 1.431 (4) | C13—H13 | 0.9300 |
C4—H4 | 0.9300 | C14—H14 | 0.9300 |
C5—C6 | 1.404 (4) | O1W—H1A | 0.836 (10) |
C5—C10 | 1.419 (3) | O1W—H1B | 0.831 (10) |
C6—C7 | 1.353 (4) | ||
C11—N1—C12 | 127.8 (2) | C6—C7—C8 | 119.2 (3) |
C11—N1—H1 | 116.1 | C6—C7—H7 | 120.4 |
C12—N1—H1 | 116.1 | C8—C7—H7 | 120.4 |
C11—C1—C2 | 119.8 (2) | C9—C8—C7 | 121.9 (3) |
C11—C1—C10 | 120.7 (2) | C9—C8—H8 | 119.1 |
C2—C1—C10 | 119.5 (2) | C7—C8—H8 | 119.1 |
O1—C2—C3 | 119.5 (2) | C8—C9—C10 | 121.3 (3) |
O1—C2—C1 | 122.1 (2) | C8—C9—H9 | 119.4 |
C3—C2—C1 | 118.4 (2) | C10—C9—H9 | 119.4 |
C4—C3—C2 | 121.2 (2) | C9—C10—C5 | 116.3 (2) |
C4—C3—H3 | 119.4 | C9—C10—C1 | 123.9 (2) |
C2—C3—H3 | 119.4 | C5—C10—C1 | 119.8 (2) |
C3—C4—C5 | 122.8 (2) | N1—C11—C1 | 122.8 (2) |
C3—C4—H4 | 118.6 | N1—C11—H11 | 118.6 |
C5—C4—H4 | 118.6 | C1—C11—H11 | 118.6 |
C6—C5—C10 | 120.3 (2) | C13—C12—N1 | 122.9 (2) |
C6—C5—C4 | 121.3 (2) | C12—C13—C14 | 119.5 (2) |
C10—C5—C4 | 118.4 (2) | C12—C13—H13 | 120.2 |
C7—C6—C5 | 121.1 (3) | C14—C13—H13 | 120.2 |
C7—C6—H6 | 119.4 | C13—C14—H14 | 119.6 |
C5—C6—H6 | 119.4 | H1A—O1W—H1B | 103 (2) |
C11—C1—C2—O1 | 2.0 (4) | C8—C9—C10—C1 | 179.3 (2) |
C10—C1—C2—O1 | −178.9 (2) | C6—C5—C10—C9 | 1.3 (4) |
C11—C1—C2—C3 | −178.5 (2) | C4—C5—C10—C9 | −178.7 (2) |
C10—C1—C2—C3 | 0.6 (3) | C6—C5—C10—C1 | −178.9 (2) |
O1—C2—C3—C4 | 179.6 (2) | C4—C5—C10—C1 | 1.1 (3) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | 0.0 (4) | C11—C1—C10—C9 | −2.3 (4) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | −0.1 (4) | C2—C1—C10—C9 | 178.6 (2) |
C3—C4—C5—C6 | 179.6 (3) | C11—C1—C10—C5 | 177.9 (2) |
C3—C4—C5—C10 | −0.5 (4) | C2—C1—C10—C5 | −1.2 (3) |
C10—C5—C6—C7 | −0.7 (4) | C12—N1—C11—C1 | −179.9 (2) |
C4—C5—C6—C7 | 179.3 (3) | C2—C1—C11—N1 | −0.9 (3) |
C5—C6—C7—C8 | −0.3 (4) | C10—C1—C11—N1 | −179.9 (2) |
C6—C7—C8—C9 | 0.7 (4) | C11—N1—C12—C13 | 1.3 (4) |
C7—C8—C9—C10 | −0.1 (4) | N1—C12—C13—C14 | 179.8 (2) |
C8—C9—C10—C5 | −0.9 (4) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N1—H1···O1 | 0.86 | 1.86 | 2.560 (3) | 138 |
O1W—H1B···O1 | 0.83 | 2.27 | 3.090 (4) | 169 |
O1W—H1A···O1i | 0.84 | 2.01 | 2.826 (4) | 165 |
C13—H13···O1Wii | 0.93 | 2.33 | 3.247 (5) | 170 |
Symmetry codes: (i) x, y+1, z; (ii) x, −y+3/2, z−1/2. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C28H20N2O2·2H2O |
Mr | 452.49 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, P21/c |
Temperature (K) | 298 |
a, b, c (Å) | 17.4222 (11), 4.4686 (5), 15.9374 (10) |
β (°) | 116.30 (1) |
V (Å3) | 1112.3 (2) |
Z | 2 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.09 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.5 × 0.2 × 0.1 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Oxford Diffraction Xcalibur CCD diffractometer |
Absorption correction | – |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 14006, 2423, 1351 |
Rint | 0.054 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.639 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.061, 0.190, 1.05 |
No. of reflections | 2423 |
No. of parameters | 160 |
No. of restraints | 3 |
H-atom treatment | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.20, −0.27 |
Computer programs: CrysAlis CCD (Oxford Diffraction, 2003), CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2003), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997), WinGX (Farrugia, 1999), PARST97 (Nardelli, 1995) and Mercury (Macrae et al., 2006).
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N1—H1···O1 | 0.86 | 1.86 | 2.560 (3) | 138 |
O1W—H1B···O1 | 0.83 | 2.27 | 3.090 (4) | 169 |
O1W—H1A···O1i | 0.84 | 2.01 | 2.826 (4) | 165 |
C13—H13···O1Wii | 0.93 | 2.33 | 3.247 (5) | 170 |
Symmetry codes: (i) x, y+1, z; (ii) x, −y+3/2, z−1/2. |
Acknowledgements
Financial support by the Ministry of Science, Education and Sport of the Republic of Croatia is gratefully acknowledged (grant No. 119–1193079–3069).
References
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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are cited.
Desiraju and Gavezzotti presented classification of packing arrangements for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons depending on the number and positions of C and H atoms in molecules (Desiraju & Gavezzotti, 1989). As a result of significant planarity, Schiff bases derived from p-phenylenediamine have significant aromatic-aromatic C···C interactions compared to the number of intermolecular C–H hydrogen bonds and usually show a herringbone motif of intermolecular assembly (Blagus et al., 2010).
We report here the crystal structure of the title compound (I) as a crystal hydrate. The stereochemistry of intrinsic 1,4-bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylmethylideneamino)benzene was earlier determined and reported (Inabe et al., 1994). Distinctively planar Schiff base molecule possesses crystallographic inversion centre in the middle of p-phenylenediamine moiety with anti arrangements of chelate rings (Fig. 1). Interplanar angle between naphthalene moiety and the central aromatic ring is 1.7 (2)°. Schiff base molecule does not deviate significantly from planarity in contrast to the structure by Inabe et al. with corresponding interplanar angle being 22.3°.In both structures molecules possess internal (molecular) symmetry with inversion centre in the middle of p-phenylenediamine moiety.
Bond distances C2–O1 [1.277 (4) Å] and C11–N1 [1.322 (4) Å] indicate keto-amino tautomeric form of (I). This is confirmed by a formation of strong intramolecular hydrogen bond N–H···O [N···O = 2.560 (3) Å]. Short C3-to-C4 bond distance [1.345 (5) Å] with O1 oxygen atom at C2 position of naphthalene core indicates the presence of quinoid effect (Gavranić et al., 1996; Friščić et al., 1998). Water molecules play crucial role in crystal packing: a) as bridging media pilling up Schiff base molecules at the separation characteristic for graphite in the form of infinite [010] columns and b) as bridging molecule connecting neighboring [010] columns into infinite (011) layers. Hydrogen bonds effective for columns formation are: a) O1W–H1A···O1i 2.826 (4) Å [(i): x, y + 1, z] and O1W–H1B···O1 3.090 (4) Å while for layers formation is effective b) C13–H13···OW1ii 3.247 (5) Å [(ii): x, – y + 3/2, z] (Fig. 2 and Table 1).
Along with intermolecular contacts via hydrogen bonds the linking between molecules amplifies through π–π interactions with offset (Fig. 2). Schiff base molecules arrange parallel to each other with their middle p-phenylenediamine moiety being separated at distances characteristic for layer separation in graphite. The shortest separations corresponding to the sum of van der Waals radii are: C12···C12iii 3.362 (3) Å [(iii): -x, -y + 1, -z] and C11···C13iv 3.374 (3) Å [(iv): x, y - 1, z]. π··· π interactions are also characterised by perpendicular Cgiii···Cgv distance 3.352 (1) Å [(v): -x, 3 - y, -z] and slippage of 2.955 Å. There is a space between each pair of neighboring columns large enough to accommodate water molecules (Fig. 3). Connection between neighboring parallel layers is accomplished through bordering non-polar naphthalene core by the standard van der Walls attractions. The rather planar Schiff base molecules of (I) reveal characteristic herringbone motif of packing arrangement (Fig. 4).