organic compounds
2-Sulfanylidene-1,3-dithiolo[4,5-b]naphtho[2,3-e][1,4]dithiine-5,10-dione
aDepartamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, ExHda. de Sta. Catarina Mártir, 72820 San Andrés Cholula, Pue., Mexico, bDEP Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UANL, Guerrero y Progreso S/N, Col. Treviño, 64570 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico, and cFacultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur y av. San Claudio, Col. San Manuel, 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mexico
*Correspondence e-mail: sylvain_bernes@hotmail.com
The title molecule, C13H4O2S5, is folded by 47.83 (6)° along the S⋯S vector of the [1,4]dithiine six-membered ring, with the naphthoquinone and [1,3]dithiole-2-thione moieties being nearly planar [largest deviations from least-squares planes = 0.028 (2) and 0.016 (1) Å, respectively]. This boat conformation is close to that observed in the analogous compound [Mendez-Rojas et al. (2001). J. Chem. Crystallogr. 31, 17–28] including a 2-oxo group [folding angle: 42.3 (1)° at 213 (2) K]. Both compounds are indeed isomorphous, and the small difference in the folding angle probably results from the involvement of the thioxo group of the title compound in intermolecular S⋯S contacts [3.5761 (13) Å]. In the molecules are stacked in the [100] direction, with dithiole rings making π–π interactions. In a stack, alternating short and long separations are observed between the centroids of dithiole rings, 3.5254 (17) and 4.7010 (18) Å.
Related literature
For general background to sulfur-containing heterocycles in organic conductors, see: Wudl (1984); Jérome (2007). For dithiine derivatives and their redox behavior, see: Hayakawa et al. (1982); Kao et al. (1985); Kniess & Mayer (1996); Brisse et al. (2000); Mendez-Rojas et al. (2001). For the synthesis of the precursor of the title dithiine, see: Wang et al. (1998).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Data collection: XSCANS (Siemens, 1996); cell XSCANS; data reduction: XSCANS; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: Mercury (Macrae et al., 2006); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97.
Supporting information
10.1107/S1600536811039079/yk2021sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536811039079/yk2021Isup2.hkl
Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536811039079/yk2021Isup3.mol
Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536811039079/yk2021Isup4.cml
The precursor (NBu4)2[Zn(dmit)2], where H2dmit is 4,5-dimercapto-1,3-dithiole-2-thione, was prepared as previously reported (Wang et al., 1998). This complex (1.68 g, 2.20 mmol in 20 ml acetone) was reacted with 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone (1 g, 4.40 mmol) at room temperature, forming immediately a dark precipitate. The mixture was stirred overnight and the precipitate was then recovered by vacuum filtration (1.50 g, 99%) and recrystallized from CH2Cl2. Small black shiny needles suitable for X-ray diffraction were obtained after several days. M.p. 354–355 °C. IR (KBr, cm-1) 1663 (vs), 1586 (m), 1553 (m), 1493 (m), 1385 (sm), 1275 (vs), 1134 (m), 1073 (vs), 794 (m), 706 (s), 635 (sm), 505 (sm); 1H-NMR (CDCl3, p.p.m.) δ, 7.80 (dd, 2H), 8.16 (dd, 2H). Anal. calcd. for C13H4O2S5: C 44.3%; found: C 42.9%.
The four aromatic H atoms of the naphthoquinone were placed in idealized positions and refined with C—H bond lengths fixed to 0.93 Å and isotropic displacement parameters fixed to 1.2 times the equivalent displacement of the carrier C atom.
Data collection: XSCANS (Siemens, 1996); cell
XSCANS (Siemens, 1996); data reduction: XSCANS (Siemens, 1996); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: Mercury (Macrae et al., 2006); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008).C13H4O2S5 | Z = 2 |
Mr = 352.46 | F(000) = 356 |
Triclinic, P1 | Dx = 1.770 Mg m−3 |
Hall symbol: -P 1 | Melting point: 627 K |
a = 7.8527 (8) Å | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
b = 8.0281 (9) Å | Cell parameters from 68 reflections |
c = 12.0022 (13) Å | θ = 4.8–12.3° |
α = 97.934 (9)° | µ = 0.87 mm−1 |
β = 89.227 (9)° | T = 296 K |
γ = 117.867 (8)° | Needle, brown |
V = 661.37 (12) Å3 | 0.48 × 0.12 × 0.08 mm |
Siemens P4 diffractometer | 1748 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | Rint = 0.026 |
Graphite monochromator | θmax = 25.1°, θmin = 2.9° |
ω scans | h = −5→8 |
Absorption correction: ψ scan (XSCANS; Siemens, 1996) | k = −9→8 |
Tmin = 0.679, Tmax = 0.733 | l = −14→14 |
3881 measured reflections | 2 standard reflections every 48 reflections |
2323 independent reflections | intensity decay: 2% |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.035 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.090 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.02 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0433P)2 + 0.1487P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
2323 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
181 parameters | Δρmax = 0.27 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.28 e Å−3 |
0 constraints |
C13H4O2S5 | γ = 117.867 (8)° |
Mr = 352.46 | V = 661.37 (12) Å3 |
Triclinic, P1 | Z = 2 |
a = 7.8527 (8) Å | Mo Kα radiation |
b = 8.0281 (9) Å | µ = 0.87 mm−1 |
c = 12.0022 (13) Å | T = 296 K |
α = 97.934 (9)° | 0.48 × 0.12 × 0.08 mm |
β = 89.227 (9)° |
Siemens P4 diffractometer | 1748 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Absorption correction: ψ scan (XSCANS; Siemens, 1996) | Rint = 0.026 |
Tmin = 0.679, Tmax = 0.733 | 2 standard reflections every 48 reflections |
3881 measured reflections | intensity decay: 2% |
2323 independent reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.035 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.090 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.02 | Δρmax = 0.27 e Å−3 |
2323 reflections | Δρmin = −0.28 e Å−3 |
181 parameters |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
S1 | 0.44687 (11) | 1.23625 (11) | 0.59078 (6) | 0.0435 (2) | |
C2 | 0.3040 (4) | 1.1337 (4) | 0.4656 (2) | 0.0430 (7) | |
S2 | 0.30632 (14) | 1.25421 (13) | 0.36621 (8) | 0.0631 (3) | |
S3 | 0.15541 (11) | 0.88891 (11) | 0.45820 (6) | 0.0439 (2) | |
C3A | 0.2361 (4) | 0.8652 (4) | 0.5872 (2) | 0.0375 (7) | |
S4 | 0.12380 (12) | 0.64220 (10) | 0.63387 (6) | 0.0463 (2) | |
C4A | 0.1022 (4) | 0.7202 (4) | 0.7760 (2) | 0.0369 (7) | |
C5 | −0.0767 (4) | 0.5886 (4) | 0.8258 (2) | 0.0383 (7) | |
O5 | −0.1952 (3) | 0.4454 (3) | 0.76730 (18) | 0.0604 (7) | |
C5A | −0.0991 (4) | 0.6353 (4) | 0.9471 (2) | 0.0372 (7) | |
C6 | −0.2599 (4) | 0.5131 (4) | 0.9978 (3) | 0.0459 (8) | |
H6A | −0.3551 | 0.4037 | 0.9552 | 0.055* | |
C7 | −0.2798 (4) | 0.5531 (5) | 1.1123 (3) | 0.0525 (9) | |
H7A | −0.3879 | 0.4708 | 1.1464 | 0.063* | |
C8 | −0.1369 (4) | 0.7168 (5) | 1.1754 (3) | 0.0521 (9) | |
H8A | −0.1500 | 0.7437 | 1.2519 | 0.063* | |
C9 | 0.0245 (4) | 0.8404 (5) | 1.1260 (2) | 0.0443 (7) | |
H9A | 0.1192 | 0.9495 | 1.1692 | 0.053* | |
C9A | 0.0449 (4) | 0.8014 (4) | 1.0116 (2) | 0.0363 (7) | |
C10 | 0.2197 (4) | 0.9333 (4) | 0.9599 (2) | 0.0364 (7) | |
O10 | 0.3465 (3) | 1.0782 (3) | 1.01299 (16) | 0.0490 (6) | |
C10A | 0.2389 (4) | 0.8801 (4) | 0.8376 (2) | 0.0353 (6) | |
S11 | 0.45668 (10) | 1.03981 (11) | 0.78538 (6) | 0.0444 (2) | |
C11A | 0.3701 (4) | 1.0256 (4) | 0.6482 (2) | 0.0376 (7) |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
S1 | 0.0400 (4) | 0.0385 (4) | 0.0406 (4) | 0.0090 (3) | 0.0052 (3) | 0.0064 (3) |
C2 | 0.0377 (16) | 0.0456 (17) | 0.0435 (16) | 0.0176 (14) | 0.0072 (13) | 0.0073 (14) |
S2 | 0.0727 (6) | 0.0530 (5) | 0.0559 (5) | 0.0202 (5) | −0.0066 (4) | 0.0183 (4) |
S3 | 0.0421 (4) | 0.0420 (4) | 0.0388 (4) | 0.0127 (3) | −0.0030 (3) | 0.0046 (3) |
C3A | 0.0347 (15) | 0.0379 (15) | 0.0363 (15) | 0.0146 (13) | 0.0046 (12) | 0.0039 (12) |
S4 | 0.0571 (5) | 0.0334 (4) | 0.0363 (4) | 0.0125 (4) | 0.0006 (3) | 0.0004 (3) |
C4A | 0.0337 (15) | 0.0350 (15) | 0.0354 (15) | 0.0105 (13) | −0.0030 (12) | 0.0054 (12) |
C5 | 0.0325 (15) | 0.0316 (15) | 0.0408 (15) | 0.0062 (13) | −0.0062 (12) | 0.0061 (12) |
O5 | 0.0494 (13) | 0.0469 (13) | 0.0490 (13) | −0.0065 (11) | −0.0059 (11) | 0.0038 (11) |
C5A | 0.0288 (15) | 0.0384 (15) | 0.0416 (15) | 0.0124 (12) | −0.0029 (12) | 0.0092 (12) |
C6 | 0.0318 (16) | 0.0468 (18) | 0.0549 (19) | 0.0128 (14) | 0.0009 (14) | 0.0160 (14) |
C7 | 0.0346 (17) | 0.066 (2) | 0.059 (2) | 0.0211 (17) | 0.0104 (15) | 0.0259 (17) |
C8 | 0.0460 (19) | 0.075 (2) | 0.0421 (17) | 0.0331 (18) | 0.0108 (15) | 0.0153 (16) |
C9 | 0.0414 (17) | 0.0533 (19) | 0.0381 (16) | 0.0228 (15) | −0.0007 (13) | 0.0037 (14) |
C9A | 0.0323 (15) | 0.0418 (16) | 0.0362 (15) | 0.0179 (13) | −0.0013 (12) | 0.0080 (12) |
C10 | 0.0333 (15) | 0.0379 (16) | 0.0350 (15) | 0.0144 (13) | −0.0056 (12) | 0.0047 (12) |
O10 | 0.0412 (12) | 0.0455 (12) | 0.0388 (11) | 0.0047 (10) | −0.0066 (9) | −0.0021 (9) |
C10A | 0.0302 (15) | 0.0337 (15) | 0.0349 (14) | 0.0089 (12) | −0.0003 (12) | 0.0057 (12) |
S11 | 0.0287 (4) | 0.0493 (5) | 0.0367 (4) | 0.0032 (3) | −0.0019 (3) | 0.0060 (3) |
C11A | 0.0327 (15) | 0.0392 (16) | 0.0349 (14) | 0.0122 (13) | 0.0048 (12) | 0.0053 (12) |
S1—C2 | 1.742 (3) | C6—C7 | 1.392 (4) |
S1—C11A | 1.748 (3) | C6—H6A | 0.9300 |
C2—S2 | 1.631 (3) | C7—C8 | 1.389 (5) |
C2—S3 | 1.744 (3) | C7—H7A | 0.9300 |
S3—C3A | 1.747 (3) | C8—C9 | 1.381 (4) |
C3A—C11A | 1.340 (4) | C8—H8A | 0.9300 |
C3A—S4 | 1.756 (3) | C9—C9A | 1.389 (4) |
S4—C4A | 1.768 (3) | C9—H9A | 0.9300 |
C4A—C10A | 1.349 (4) | C9A—C10 | 1.480 (4) |
C4A—C5 | 1.487 (4) | C10—O10 | 1.216 (3) |
C5—O5 | 1.215 (3) | C10—C10A | 1.497 (4) |
C5—C5A | 1.482 (4) | C10A—S11 | 1.762 (3) |
C5A—C6 | 1.383 (4) | S11—C11A | 1.758 (3) |
C5A—C9A | 1.409 (4) | ||
C2—S1—C11A | 96.73 (14) | C8—C7—H7A | 120.3 |
S2—C2—S1 | 123.61 (18) | C6—C7—H7A | 120.3 |
S2—C2—S3 | 123.38 (18) | C9—C8—C7 | 120.9 (3) |
S1—C2—S3 | 113.00 (17) | C9—C8—H8A | 119.5 |
C2—S3—C3A | 96.94 (14) | C7—C8—H8A | 119.5 |
C11A—C3A—S3 | 116.4 (2) | C8—C9—C9A | 119.8 (3) |
C11A—C3A—S4 | 124.4 (2) | C8—C9—H9A | 120.1 |
S3—C3A—S4 | 118.94 (16) | C9A—C9—H9A | 120.1 |
C3A—S4—C4A | 98.37 (13) | C9—C9A—C5A | 119.6 (3) |
C10A—C4A—C5 | 121.6 (3) | C9—C9A—C10 | 119.4 (3) |
C10A—C4A—S4 | 123.9 (2) | C5A—C9A—C10 | 121.0 (2) |
C5—C4A—S4 | 114.4 (2) | O10—C10—C9A | 122.8 (2) |
O5—C5—C5A | 122.6 (3) | O10—C10—C10A | 120.0 (2) |
O5—C5—C4A | 119.4 (3) | C9A—C10—C10A | 117.3 (2) |
C5A—C5—C4A | 118.0 (2) | C4A—C10A—C10 | 121.8 (2) |
C6—C5A—C9A | 119.9 (3) | C4A—C10A—S11 | 124.2 (2) |
C6—C5A—C5 | 119.9 (3) | C10—C10A—S11 | 113.92 (19) |
C9A—C5A—C5 | 120.3 (2) | C11A—S11—C10A | 98.74 (13) |
C5A—C6—C7 | 120.3 (3) | C3A—C11A—S1 | 116.9 (2) |
C5A—C6—H6A | 119.8 | C3A—C11A—S11 | 124.3 (2) |
C7—C6—H6A | 119.8 | S1—C11A—S11 | 118.53 (16) |
C8—C7—C6 | 119.5 (3) | ||
C11A—S1—C2—S2 | −178.7 (2) | C5—C5A—C9A—C9 | −178.1 (3) |
C11A—S1—C2—S3 | 2.07 (19) | C6—C5A—C9A—C10 | 179.2 (3) |
S2—C2—S3—C3A | 178.6 (2) | C5—C5A—C9A—C10 | 0.8 (4) |
S1—C2—S3—C3A | −2.19 (19) | C9—C9A—C10—O10 | −1.4 (4) |
C2—S3—C3A—C11A | 1.5 (3) | C5A—C9A—C10—O10 | 179.7 (3) |
C2—S3—C3A—S4 | 175.85 (18) | C9—C9A—C10—C10A | 177.3 (3) |
C11A—C3A—S4—C4A | 38.1 (3) | C5A—C9A—C10—C10A | −1.6 (4) |
S3—C3A—S4—C4A | −135.80 (18) | C5—C4A—C10A—C10 | 0.7 (4) |
C3A—S4—C4A—C10A | −39.0 (3) | S4—C4A—C10A—C10 | −175.8 (2) |
C3A—S4—C4A—C5 | 144.2 (2) | C5—C4A—C10A—S11 | 178.5 (2) |
C10A—C4A—C5—O5 | −179.5 (3) | S4—C4A—C10A—S11 | 1.9 (4) |
S4—C4A—C5—O5 | −2.6 (4) | O10—C10—C10A—C4A | 179.6 (3) |
C10A—C4A—C5—C5A | −1.6 (4) | C9A—C10—C10A—C4A | 0.9 (4) |
S4—C4A—C5—C5A | 175.3 (2) | O10—C10—C10A—S11 | 1.6 (4) |
O5—C5—C5A—C6 | 0.2 (5) | C9A—C10—C10A—S11 | −177.1 (2) |
C4A—C5—C5A—C6 | −177.6 (3) | C4A—C10A—S11—C11A | 36.5 (3) |
O5—C5—C5A—C9A | 178.6 (3) | C10—C10A—S11—C11A | −145.6 (2) |
C4A—C5—C5A—C9A | 0.8 (4) | S3—C3A—C11A—S1 | −0.3 (3) |
C9A—C5A—C6—C7 | −0.1 (5) | S4—C3A—C11A—S1 | −174.26 (16) |
C5—C5A—C6—C7 | 178.3 (3) | S3—C3A—C11A—S11 | 174.17 (16) |
C5A—C6—C7—C8 | 0.0 (5) | S4—C3A—C11A—S11 | 0.2 (4) |
C6—C7—C8—C9 | 0.0 (5) | C2—S1—C11A—C3A | −1.1 (3) |
C7—C8—C9—C9A | 0.1 (5) | C2—S1—C11A—S11 | −175.89 (18) |
C8—C9—C9A—C5A | −0.2 (5) | C10A—S11—C11A—C3A | −37.8 (3) |
C8—C9—C9A—C10 | −179.1 (3) | C10A—S11—C11A—S1 | 136.56 (18) |
C6—C5A—C9A—C9 | 0.3 (4) |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C13H4O2S5 |
Mr | 352.46 |
Crystal system, space group | Triclinic, P1 |
Temperature (K) | 296 |
a, b, c (Å) | 7.8527 (8), 8.0281 (9), 12.0022 (13) |
α, β, γ (°) | 97.934 (9), 89.227 (9), 117.867 (8) |
V (Å3) | 661.37 (12) |
Z | 2 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.87 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.48 × 0.12 × 0.08 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Siemens P4 diffractometer |
Absorption correction | ψ scan (XSCANS; Siemens, 1996) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.679, 0.733 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 3881, 2323, 1748 |
Rint | 0.026 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.596 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.035, 0.090, 1.02 |
No. of reflections | 2323 |
No. of parameters | 181 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.27, −0.28 |
Computer programs: XSCANS (Siemens, 1996), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), Mercury (Macrae et al., 2006).
Acknowledgements
Financial support from CONACyT-48038-R and VIPE-UDLA are gratefully acknowledged.
References
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The development of new types of π-electron donors and acceptors with high polarizability continues to be an attractive topic in material sciences. Such compounds are not only interesting as candidates for single-component conductors, but also because they have low excitation energies and promising applications as NLO materials and near-IR absorbing dyes. Sulfur-based heterocycles are good candidates for building such materials, and donors like TTF and BEDT-TTF became emblematic systems in the 70's, after they allowed to synthesize molecular metals and superconductor materials (Wudl, 1984; Jérome, 2007).
The title compound belongs to the 1,4-dithiine derivatives, which have a particular conformational flexibility, because the energy barrier between the planar and boat conformations is very low (Hayakawa et al., 1982). Ab initio computations showed for example that for 1,4-dithiine, the C2v(boat) → D2h(planar) conformational interconversion requires less than 3 kcal/mol (see Table II and Fig. 4 in Kao et al., 1985). A fine tuning of the geometry and electron distribution may thus be expected by varying the substituents of this heterocycle. For example, electron withdrawing groups seem to stabilize the unfolded conformer (Brisse et al., 2000).
In contrast, the title molecule (Kniess & Mayer, 1996; Mendez-Rojas et al., 2001) adopts a folded conformation (Fig. 1). The dihedral angle between the essentially planar naphthoquinone ring (C4a/C5/C5a/C6···C9/C9a/C10/C10a; max. deviation: 0.028 Å for C4a) and the five membered 1,3-dithiole ring (S1/C2/S3/C3a/C11a; max. deviation: 0.016 Å for C2) is 47.83 (6)°. This boat conformation is favored by intramolecular S···O repulsion effects, characterized by non-bonding distances S11···O10 = 2.874 (2) and S4···O5 = 2.868 (2) Å. Heteroatoms are also involved in intermolecular contacts. Molecules form centrosymmetric dimers through S1···S2i contacts [3.5761 (13) Å; symmetry code (i): 1 - x, 3 - y, 1 - z] between the thioxo group and one S atom of the dithiole heterocycle. The contacts pattern is completed by bifurcated S1/S11···O5ii interactions [3.158 (2) and 3.159 (2) Å; symmetry code (ii): 1 + x, 1 + y, z], forming a two-dimensional network of contacts in the crystal (Fig. 2). This arrangement is compatible with a stacking structure for molecules, in the [100] direction: two dithiole rings related by inversion give a π···π interaction characterized by a centroid to centroid separation of 3.5254 (17) Å. However, as a consequence of the triclinic symmetry, the following stacked ring generated by inversion is found at a different distance, 4.7010 (18) Å. Short and long separations thus alternate along the stack (Fig. 2, inset), a common situation for one-dimensional materials affected by a Peierls distortion.
The title molecule is isomorphous with the 2-oxo analogue (Mendez-Rojas et al., 2001). However, it is interesting to note that both the molecular and the crystal structures present significantly different metrics for the 2-thioxo and the 2-oxo compounds. In the latter, the folding angle is 42.3 (1)°, and the separations in the dithiole stacks parallel to [100] are 3.566 and 4.345 Å. Despite of the clear dimerization along the stacks for both compounds, the title molecule seems to be more prone to Peierls instability, compared to its 2-oxo analogue.