organic compounds
N-(4-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)maleamic acid
aDepartment of Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri 574 199, Mangalore, India, and bInstitute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
*Correspondence e-mail: gowdabt@yahoo.com
In the molecular structure of the title compound, C11H10ClNO3, the conformation of the N—H bond in the amide segment is syn to the ortho-methyl group in the phenyl ring. The C=O and O—H bonds of the acid group are in the relatively rare anti position with respect to each other. This is an obvious consequence of the hydrogen bond donated to the amide carbonyl group. The central oxobutenoic acid core C(=O)—C=C—C—OH is twisted by 31.65 (6)° out of the plane of the 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl ring. An intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond occurs. In the crystal, N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into infinite chains running along the a axis.
Related literature
For studies on the effects of substituents on the structures and other aspects of N-(aryl)-amides, see: Gowda et al. (2000, 2010); Prasad et al. (2002), on N-(aryl)-methanesulfonamides, see: Jayalakshmi & Gowda (2004), on N-(aryl)-arylsulfonamides, see: Shetty & Gowda (2005) and on N-chloroarylsulfonamides, see: Gowda & Kumar (2003). For modes of interlinking carboxylic acids by hydrogen bonds, see: Leiserowitz (1976)
Experimental
Crystal data
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Refinement
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Data collection: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); cell CrysAlis PRO; data reduction: CrysAlis PRO; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 2002); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97, PLATON (Spek, 2009) and WinGX (Farrugia, 1999).
Supporting information
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536811047817/bq2317sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536811047817/bq2317Isup2.hkl
Supporting information file. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536811047817/bq2317Isup3.cml
The solution of maleic anhydride (0.025 mol) in toluene (25 ml) was treated dropwise with the solution of 4-chloro-2-methylaniline (0.025 mol) also in toluene (20 ml) with constant stirring. The resulting mixture was stirred for about 30 min. and set aside for an additional 30 min. at room temperature for the completion of reaction. The mixture was then treated with dilute hydrochloric acid to remove the unreacted 4-chloro-2-methylaniline. The resultant solid N-(4-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-maleamic acid was filtered under suction and washed thoroughly with water to remove the unreacted maleic anhydride and maleic acid. It was recrystallized to constant melting point from ethanol. The purity of the compound was checked by elemental analysis and characterized by its infrared spectra.
The plate like colorless single crystals of the title compound used in X-ray diffraction studies were grown in an ethanol solution by slow evaporation (0.5 g in about 30 ml of ethanol) at room temperature.
All hydrogen atoms were placed in calculated positions with C–H distances of 0.93Å (C-aromatic) and 0.96Å (C-methyl), and constrained to ride on their parent atoms. Amide and O—H atoms were seen in difference map and were refined with the N—H and O—H distances restrained to 0.86 (1)Å and 0.92 (1) Å, respectively. The Uiso(H) values were set at 1.2 Ueq (C-aromatic, N) or 1.5Ueq (C-methyl).
The amide moiety is the constituent of many biologically significant compounds. As part of our studies on the substituent effects on the structures and other aspects of N-(aryl)-amides (Gowda et al., 2000, 2010), N-(aryl)-methanesulfonamides (Jayalakshmi & Gowda, 2004), N-(aryl)-arylsulfonamides (Shetty & Gowda, 2005) and N-chloroarylsulfoamides (Gowda & Kumar, 2003), in the present work, the
of N-(4-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-maleamic acid (I) has been determined (Fig.1).The conformations of the N—H and the C=O bonds in the amide segment are anti to each other. But the conformation of the N—H bond is syn to the ortho-methyl group in the phenyl ring. In the maleamic acid moiety, the amide C=O bond is anti to the adjacent C—H bond, while the carboxyl C=O bond is syn to the adjacent C—H bond. The observed rare anti conformation of the C=O and O—H bonds of the acid group is similar to that observed in N-(2-methylphenyl)-maleamic acid (Gowda et al., 2010). This is an obvious consequence of the hydrogen bond donated to the amide carbonyl group. The central oxobutenoic acid core C(=O)—C=C—C—OH is twisted by 31.65 (6)° out of the plane of the 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl ring. The C2–C3 bond length of 1.333 (2)Å clearly indicates the double bond character.
The various modes of interlinking
by hydrogen bonds is described elsewhere (Leiserowitz, 1976).In (I), both the intramolecular O–H···O and intermolecular N–H···O hydrogen bonds have been observed. The packing of molecules linked by N—H···O hydrogen bonds into infinite chains running along the a-axis is shown in Fig. 2.
For studies on the effects of substituents on the structures and other aspects of N-(aryl)-amides, see: Gowda et al. (2000, 2010); Prasad et al. (2002), on N-(aryl)-methanesulfonamides, see: Jayalakshmi & Gowda (2004), onN-(aryl)-arylsulfonamides, see: Shetty & Gowda (2005) and on N-chloroarylsulfonamides, see: Gowda & Kumar (2003). For modes of interlinking
by hydrogen bonds, see: Leiserowitz (1976)Data collection: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); cell
CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); data reduction: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 2002); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), PLATON (Spek, 2009) and WinGX (Farrugia, 1999).C11H10ClNO3 | Dx = 1.393 Mg m−3 |
Mr = 239.65 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Orthorhombic, Pbca | Cell parameters from 1819 reflections |
a = 12.1310 (11) Å | θ = 3.6–24.4° |
b = 7.3990 (7) Å | µ = 0.33 mm−1 |
c = 25.466 (2) Å | T = 295 K |
V = 2285.7 (3) Å3 | Plate, colourless |
Z = 8 | 0.45 × 0.35 × 0.25 mm |
F(000) = 992 |
Oxford Diffraction Xcalibur diffractometer | 1819 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 1642 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.025 |
Detector resolution: 0 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 24.4°, θmin = 3.6° |
ω scans with κ offsets | h = −14→13 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Oxford Diffraction, 2009) | k = −8→8 |
Tmin = 0.865, Tmax = 0.918 | l = −29→28 |
17740 measured reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.033 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.089 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 1.02 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0445P)2 + 0.9459P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
1819 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
154 parameters | Δρmax = 0.19 e Å−3 |
2 restraints | Δρmin = −0.27 e Å−3 |
C11H10ClNO3 | V = 2285.7 (3) Å3 |
Mr = 239.65 | Z = 8 |
Orthorhombic, Pbca | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 12.1310 (11) Å | µ = 0.33 mm−1 |
b = 7.3990 (7) Å | T = 295 K |
c = 25.466 (2) Å | 0.45 × 0.35 × 0.25 mm |
Oxford Diffraction Xcalibur diffractometer | 1819 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Oxford Diffraction, 2009) | 1642 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.865, Tmax = 0.918 | Rint = 0.025 |
17740 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.033 | 2 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.089 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 1.02 | Δρmax = 0.19 e Å−3 |
1819 reflections | Δρmin = −0.27 e Å−3 |
154 parameters |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
C1 | 0.29051 (13) | 0.3610 (2) | 0.08033 (7) | 0.0428 (4) | |
C2 | 0.31769 (14) | 0.3019 (3) | 0.02624 (7) | 0.0485 (5) | |
H2 | 0.3925 | 0.2917 | 0.0188 | 0.058* | |
C3 | 0.25011 (15) | 0.2612 (3) | −0.01329 (6) | 0.0505 (5) | |
H3 | 0.2860 | 0.2317 | −0.0444 | 0.061* | |
C4 | 0.12845 (15) | 0.2543 (3) | −0.01670 (7) | 0.0496 (5) | |
C5 | 0.37645 (12) | 0.4444 (2) | 0.16488 (6) | 0.0368 (4) | |
C6 | 0.46315 (13) | 0.5525 (2) | 0.18298 (6) | 0.0383 (4) | |
C7 | 0.46319 (14) | 0.6020 (2) | 0.23578 (6) | 0.0431 (4) | |
H7 | 0.5205 | 0.6723 | 0.2489 | 0.052* | |
C8 | 0.37918 (14) | 0.5481 (2) | 0.26889 (6) | 0.0410 (4) | |
C9 | 0.29334 (14) | 0.4439 (2) | 0.25077 (7) | 0.0449 (4) | |
H9 | 0.2366 | 0.4097 | 0.2732 | 0.054* | |
C10 | 0.29265 (14) | 0.3907 (2) | 0.19860 (7) | 0.0429 (4) | |
H10 | 0.2357 | 0.3185 | 0.1861 | 0.051* | |
C11 | 0.55428 (15) | 0.6166 (3) | 0.14712 (7) | 0.0517 (5) | |
H11A | 0.5937 | 0.5141 | 0.1336 | 0.078* | |
H11B | 0.6039 | 0.6927 | 0.1664 | 0.078* | |
H11C | 0.5231 | 0.6837 | 0.1185 | 0.078* | |
N1 | 0.37789 (11) | 0.38698 (19) | 0.11129 (5) | 0.0406 (4) | |
H1 | 0.4407 (8) | 0.369 (2) | 0.0965 (6) | 0.046 (5)* | |
O1 | 0.19506 (10) | 0.3884 (2) | 0.09562 (5) | 0.0656 (4) | |
O2 | 0.06813 (10) | 0.2998 (3) | 0.02376 (5) | 0.0746 (5) | |
H2A | 0.1092 (19) | 0.340 (3) | 0.0519 (7) | 0.098 (8)* | |
O3 | 0.08638 (11) | 0.2036 (2) | −0.05732 (5) | 0.0700 (4) | |
Cl1 | 0.38181 (4) | 0.61481 (7) | 0.334722 (17) | 0.0585 (2) |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
C1 | 0.0340 (9) | 0.0542 (10) | 0.0401 (9) | −0.0017 (8) | −0.0029 (7) | −0.0048 (8) |
C2 | 0.0339 (9) | 0.0681 (12) | 0.0436 (10) | −0.0021 (8) | 0.0016 (7) | −0.0083 (9) |
C3 | 0.0436 (9) | 0.0720 (12) | 0.0359 (9) | −0.0057 (9) | 0.0018 (8) | −0.0065 (9) |
C4 | 0.0438 (10) | 0.0691 (12) | 0.0358 (10) | −0.0091 (9) | −0.0067 (8) | 0.0037 (9) |
C5 | 0.0355 (8) | 0.0380 (8) | 0.0370 (9) | 0.0011 (7) | −0.0049 (7) | −0.0031 (7) |
C6 | 0.0355 (8) | 0.0360 (8) | 0.0434 (9) | −0.0009 (7) | −0.0029 (7) | −0.0012 (7) |
C7 | 0.0441 (10) | 0.0389 (9) | 0.0463 (10) | −0.0041 (8) | −0.0090 (8) | −0.0061 (7) |
C8 | 0.0509 (10) | 0.0366 (8) | 0.0356 (9) | 0.0025 (8) | −0.0047 (7) | −0.0026 (7) |
C9 | 0.0473 (10) | 0.0460 (9) | 0.0415 (9) | −0.0040 (8) | 0.0030 (7) | 0.0015 (8) |
C10 | 0.0410 (9) | 0.0452 (9) | 0.0425 (9) | −0.0094 (8) | −0.0028 (7) | −0.0027 (7) |
C11 | 0.0440 (10) | 0.0592 (11) | 0.0519 (11) | −0.0133 (9) | 0.0002 (8) | −0.0048 (9) |
N1 | 0.0321 (8) | 0.0517 (9) | 0.0380 (8) | −0.0033 (6) | −0.0008 (6) | −0.0070 (6) |
O1 | 0.0350 (7) | 0.1178 (13) | 0.0441 (7) | 0.0058 (7) | −0.0029 (5) | −0.0196 (7) |
O2 | 0.0374 (7) | 0.1425 (15) | 0.0439 (8) | −0.0093 (8) | −0.0041 (6) | −0.0140 (9) |
O3 | 0.0527 (8) | 0.1129 (12) | 0.0444 (7) | −0.0126 (8) | −0.0140 (6) | −0.0092 (8) |
Cl1 | 0.0767 (4) | 0.0599 (3) | 0.0388 (3) | −0.0056 (2) | −0.0028 (2) | −0.00955 (19) |
C1—O1 | 1.238 (2) | C6—C11 | 1.510 (2) |
C1—O1 | 1.238 (2) | C7—C8 | 1.382 (2) |
C1—N1 | 1.335 (2) | C7—H7 | 0.9300 |
C1—C2 | 1.482 (2) | C8—C9 | 1.375 (2) |
C2—C3 | 1.333 (2) | C8—Cl1 | 1.7478 (16) |
C2—H2 | 0.9300 | C9—C10 | 1.386 (2) |
C3—C4 | 1.479 (3) | C9—H9 | 0.9300 |
C3—H3 | 0.9300 | C10—H10 | 0.9300 |
C4—O3 | 1.213 (2) | C11—H11A | 0.9600 |
C4—O2 | 1.308 (2) | C11—H11B | 0.9600 |
C5—C10 | 1.389 (2) | C11—H11C | 0.9600 |
C5—C6 | 1.400 (2) | N1—H1 | 0.861 (5) |
C5—N1 | 1.429 (2) | O1—O1 | 0.000 (5) |
C6—C7 | 1.394 (2) | O2—H2A | 0.920 (5) |
O1—C1—O1 | 0.00 (12) | C8—C7—H7 | 119.6 |
O1—C1—N1 | 122.22 (16) | C6—C7—H7 | 119.6 |
O1—C1—N1 | 122.22 (16) | C9—C8—C7 | 121.03 (15) |
O1—C1—C2 | 123.26 (15) | C9—C8—Cl1 | 119.60 (13) |
O1—C1—C2 | 123.26 (15) | C7—C8—Cl1 | 119.37 (13) |
N1—C1—C2 | 114.50 (14) | C8—C9—C10 | 119.05 (16) |
C3—C2—C1 | 129.17 (16) | C8—C9—H9 | 120.5 |
C3—C2—H2 | 115.4 | C10—C9—H9 | 120.5 |
C1—C2—H2 | 115.4 | C9—C10—C5 | 120.47 (15) |
C2—C3—C4 | 131.75 (17) | C9—C10—H10 | 119.8 |
C2—C3—H3 | 114.1 | C5—C10—H10 | 119.8 |
C4—C3—H3 | 114.1 | C6—C11—H11A | 109.5 |
O3—C4—O2 | 121.08 (16) | C6—C11—H11B | 109.5 |
O3—C4—C3 | 118.71 (17) | H11A—C11—H11B | 109.5 |
O2—C4—C3 | 120.21 (15) | C6—C11—H11C | 109.5 |
C10—C5—C6 | 120.67 (15) | H11A—C11—H11C | 109.5 |
C10—C5—N1 | 120.95 (14) | H11B—C11—H11C | 109.5 |
C6—C5—N1 | 118.36 (14) | C1—N1—C5 | 126.65 (14) |
C7—C6—C5 | 117.92 (15) | C1—N1—H1 | 114.9 (12) |
C7—C6—C11 | 120.05 (15) | C5—N1—H1 | 118.4 (12) |
C5—C6—C11 | 122.03 (15) | O1—O1—C1 | 0 (10) |
C8—C7—C6 | 120.85 (15) | C4—O2—H2A | 113.1 (17) |
O1—C1—C2—C3 | −3.2 (3) | C6—C7—C8—Cl1 | −179.45 (13) |
O1—C1—C2—C3 | −3.2 (3) | C7—C8—C9—C10 | 0.9 (3) |
N1—C1—C2—C3 | 178.4 (2) | Cl1—C8—C9—C10 | −179.48 (13) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | −2.4 (4) | C8—C9—C10—C5 | −1.1 (3) |
C2—C3—C4—O3 | −176.3 (2) | C6—C5—C10—C9 | 0.2 (3) |
C2—C3—C4—O2 | 2.7 (4) | N1—C5—C10—C9 | 178.60 (15) |
C10—C5—C6—C7 | 0.8 (2) | O1—C1—N1—C5 | 1.3 (3) |
N1—C5—C6—C7 | −177.59 (14) | O1—C1—N1—C5 | 1.3 (3) |
C10—C5—C6—C11 | −178.68 (16) | C2—C1—N1—C5 | 179.73 (16) |
N1—C5—C6—C11 | 2.9 (2) | C10—C5—N1—C1 | 34.9 (3) |
C5—C6—C7—C8 | −1.0 (2) | C6—C5—N1—C1 | −146.67 (17) |
C11—C6—C7—C8 | 178.52 (16) | N1—C1—O1—O1 | 0.00 (10) |
C6—C7—C8—C9 | 0.1 (3) | C2—C1—O1—O1 | 0.00 (4) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N1—H1···O3i | 0.86 (1) | 2.10 (1) | 2.9556 (19) | 174 (2) |
O2—H2A···O1 | 0.92 (1) | 1.57 (1) | 2.4797 (17) | 171 (3) |
Symmetry code: (i) x+1/2, −y+1/2, −z. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C11H10ClNO3 |
Mr | 239.65 |
Crystal system, space group | Orthorhombic, Pbca |
Temperature (K) | 295 |
a, b, c (Å) | 12.1310 (11), 7.3990 (7), 25.466 (2) |
V (Å3) | 2285.7 (3) |
Z | 8 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.33 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.45 × 0.35 × 0.25 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Oxford Diffraction Xcalibur |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Oxford Diffraction, 2009) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.865, 0.918 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 17740, 1819, 1642 |
Rint | 0.025 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.581 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.033, 0.089, 1.02 |
No. of reflections | 1819 |
No. of parameters | 154 |
No. of restraints | 2 |
H-atom treatment | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.19, −0.27 |
Computer programs: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 2002), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), PLATON (Spek, 2009) and WinGX (Farrugia, 1999).
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N1—H1···O3i | 0.861 (5) | 2.099 (6) | 2.9556 (19) | 173.6 (17) |
O2—H2A···O1 | 0.920 (5) | 1.568 (7) | 2.4797 (17) | 171 (3) |
Symmetry code: (i) x+1/2, −y+1/2, −z. |
Acknowledgements
VV and JK thank the VEGA Grant Agency of the Slovak Ministry of Education (1/0679/11) and the Research and Development Agency of Slovakia (APVV-0202–10) for support and the Structural Funds, Interreg IIIA, for financial support in purchasing the diffractometer. VZR thanks the University Grants Commission, Government of India, New Delhi, for the award of an RFSMS research fellowship.
References
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The amide moiety is the constituent of many biologically significant compounds. As part of our studies on the substituent effects on the structures and other aspects of N-(aryl)-amides (Gowda et al., 2000, 2010), N-(aryl)-methanesulfonamides (Jayalakshmi & Gowda, 2004), N-(aryl)-arylsulfonamides (Shetty & Gowda, 2005) and N-chloroarylsulfoamides (Gowda & Kumar, 2003), in the present work, the crystal structure of N-(4-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-maleamic acid (I) has been determined (Fig.1).
The conformations of the N—H and the C=O bonds in the amide segment are anti to each other. But the conformation of the N—H bond is syn to the ortho-methyl group in the phenyl ring. In the maleamic acid moiety, the amide C=O bond is anti to the adjacent C—H bond, while the carboxyl C=O bond is syn to the adjacent C—H bond. The observed rare anti conformation of the C=O and O—H bonds of the acid group is similar to that observed in N-(2-methylphenyl)-maleamic acid (Gowda et al., 2010). This is an obvious consequence of the hydrogen bond donated to the amide carbonyl group. The central oxobutenoic acid core C(=O)—C=C—C—OH is twisted by 31.65 (6)° out of the plane of the 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl ring. The C2–C3 bond length of 1.333 (2)Å clearly indicates the double bond character.
The various modes of interlinking carboxylic acids by hydrogen bonds is described elsewhere (Leiserowitz, 1976).
In (I), both the intramolecular O–H···O and intermolecular N–H···O hydrogen bonds have been observed. The packing of molecules linked by N—H···O hydrogen bonds into infinite chains running along the a-axis is shown in Fig. 2.