organic compounds\(\def\hfill{\hskip 5em}\def\hfil{\hskip 3em}\def\eqno#1{\hfil {#1}}\)

Journal logoCRYSTALLOGRAPHIC
COMMUNICATIONS
ISSN: 2056-9890

N-[4-(4-Fluoro­phen­yl)-5-hy­dr­oxy­methyl-6-iso­propyl­pyrimidin-2-yl]-N-methyl­methane­sulfonamide

aDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing College of Chemical Technology, Geguan Road No. 265 Nanjing, Nanjing 210048, People's Republic of China, bDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Nanjing College of Chemical Technology, Geguan Road No. 265 Nanjing, Nanjing 210048, People's Republic of China, and cNanjing Xiansheng Dongyuan Pharmaceutic Company Limited, Xinglong Road No. 8 Nanjing, Nanjing 211800, People's Republic of China
*Correspondence e-mail: njutshs@126.com

(Received 26 September 2011; accepted 17 November 2011; online 25 November 2011)

In the title compound, C16H20FN3O3S, the pyrimidine and benzene rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 38.8 (3)°. An intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond occurs. The crystal structure is stabilized by O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds. In addition, C—H⋯O inter­actions are also present.

Related literature

For a related structure, see: He et al. (2008[He, W., Yang, D.-L., Cui, Y.-T., Xu, Y.-M. & Guo, C. (2008). Acta Cryst. E64, o1126.]).

[Scheme 1]

Experimental

Crystal data
  • C16H20FN3O3S

  • Mr = 353.41

  • Monoclinic, P 21 /c

  • a = 5.8080 (12) Å

  • b = 11.803 (2) Å

  • c = 25.867 (5) Å

  • β = 93.10 (3)°

  • V = 1770.6 (6) Å3

  • Z = 4

  • Mo Kα radiation

  • μ = 0.21 mm−1

  • T = 293 K

  • 0.30 × 0.20 × 0.10 mm

Data collection
  • Enraf–Nonius CAD-4 diffractometer

  • Absorption correction: ψ scan (North et al., 1968[North, A. C. T., Phillips, D. C. & Mathews, F. S. (1968). Acta Cryst. A24, 351-359.]) Tmin = 0.939, Tmax = 0.979

  • 3576 measured reflections

  • 3234 independent reflections

  • 2200 reflections with I > 2σ(I)

  • Rint = 0.034

  • 3 standard reflections every 200 reflections intensity decay: 1%

Refinement
  • R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.057

  • wR(F2) = 0.168

  • S = 1.00

  • 3234 reflections

  • 217 parameters

  • H-atom parameters constrained

  • Δρmax = 0.27 e Å−3

  • Δρmin = −0.35 e Å−3

Table 1
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

D—H⋯A D—H H⋯A DA D—H⋯A
O1—H1A⋯N2i 0.82 2.10 2.896 (3) 165
C5—H5A⋯O1 0.93 2.53 3.309 (4) 141
C15—H15C⋯O3ii 0.96 2.39 3.350 (4) 176
C16—H16A⋯O3iii 0.96 2.55 3.402 (4) 148
Symmetry codes: (i) [-x, y-{\script{1\over 2}}, -z+{\script{1\over 2}}]; (ii) x+1, y, z; (iii) -x, -y+1, -z.

Data collection: CAD-4 EXPRESS (Enraf–Nonius, 1994[Enraf-Nonius (1994). CAD-4 EXPRESS. Enraf-Nonius, Delft, The Netherlands.]); cell refinement: CAD-4 EXPRESS; data reduction: XCAD4 (Harms & Wocadlo, 1995[Harms, K. & Wocadlo, S. (1995). XCAD4. University of Marburg, Germany.]); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112-122.]); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112-122.]); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112-122.]); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97.

Supporting information


Comment top

The derivatives of pyrimidine are important chemical compound. We report here the crystal structure of the title compound.

In the title molecule (Fig. 1), the pyrimidine (N1/N2/C7—C10) and benzene (C1—C6) rings are inclined at a dihedral angle of 38.7 (3)°. The structure is stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonding of the type O—H···N. In addition, intramolecular C—H···N and C—H···O and intermolecular C—H···O hydrogen bonding interactions are also present in the crystal structure (Table 1). The crystal structure of a related compound has been reported recently (He et al., 2008).

Related literature top

For a related structure, see: He et al. (2008).

Experimental top

For the preparation of the title compound, sodium salt of N-methyl methane sulphonamide (106 g, 631.00 mmol) and 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl- 2-methyl sulfonylpyrimidine-5-methanol (92 g, 284.0 mmol) were added to dimethylformamide (1000 ml) in a round bottom flask, and then stirred for 1 h at 303 K. After completion of the reaction, demineralized water (1000 ml) was added and stirred for 1 h. The mixture was filtered, washed with water, and then dried (yield; 90%). Crystals of the title compound suitable for X-ray analysis were obtained by slow evaporation of a methanol solution.

Refinement top

H atoms were positioned geometrically with O—H = 0.82 Å and C—H = 0.93, 0.96, 0.97 and 0.98 Å for aryl, methyl, methylene and methine H atoms, respectively, and constrained to ride on their parent atoms with Uiso(H) = 1.5 times Ueq(C-methyl), and 1.2 times Ueq(all other C/O atoms).

Structure description top

The derivatives of pyrimidine are important chemical compound. We report here the crystal structure of the title compound.

In the title molecule (Fig. 1), the pyrimidine (N1/N2/C7—C10) and benzene (C1—C6) rings are inclined at a dihedral angle of 38.7 (3)°. The structure is stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonding of the type O—H···N. In addition, intramolecular C—H···N and C—H···O and intermolecular C—H···O hydrogen bonding interactions are also present in the crystal structure (Table 1). The crystal structure of a related compound has been reported recently (He et al., 2008).

For a related structure, see: He et al. (2008).

Computing details top

Data collection: CAD-4 EXPRESS (Enraf–Nonius, 1994); cell refinement: CAD-4 EXPRESS (Enraf–Nonius, 1994); data reduction: XCAD4 (Harms & Wocadlo, 1995); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008).

Figures top
[Figure 1] Fig. 1. The molecular structure of the title compound showing displacement ellipsoids at the 50% probability level.
N-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-5-hydroxymethyl-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl]- N-methylmethanesulfonamide top
Crystal data top
C16H20FN3O3SF(000) = 744
Mr = 353.41Dx = 1.326 Mg m3
Monoclinic, P21/cMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: -P 2ybcCell parameters from 25 reflections
a = 5.8080 (12) Åθ = 9–13°
b = 11.803 (2) ŵ = 0.21 mm1
c = 25.867 (5) ÅT = 293 K
β = 93.10 (3)°Block, colorless
V = 1770.6 (6) Å30.30 × 0.20 × 0.10 mm
Z = 4
Data collection top
Enraf–Nonius CAD-4
diffractometer
2200 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tubeRint = 0.034
Graphite monochromatorθmax = 25.4°, θmin = 1.6°
ω/2θ scansh = 07
Absorption correction: ψ scan
(North et al., 1968)
k = 014
Tmin = 0.939, Tmax = 0.979l = 3131
3576 measured reflections3 standard reflections every 200 reflections
3234 independent reflections intensity decay: 1%
Refinement top
Refinement on F2Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: fullSecondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.057Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F2) = 0.168H-atom parameters constrained
S = 1.00 w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.098P)2]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
3234 reflections(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
217 parametersΔρmax = 0.27 e Å3
0 restraintsΔρmin = 0.35 e Å3
Crystal data top
C16H20FN3O3SV = 1770.6 (6) Å3
Mr = 353.41Z = 4
Monoclinic, P21/cMo Kα radiation
a = 5.8080 (12) ŵ = 0.21 mm1
b = 11.803 (2) ÅT = 293 K
c = 25.867 (5) Å0.30 × 0.20 × 0.10 mm
β = 93.10 (3)°
Data collection top
Enraf–Nonius CAD-4
diffractometer
2200 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Absorption correction: ψ scan
(North et al., 1968)
Rint = 0.034
Tmin = 0.939, Tmax = 0.9793 standard reflections every 200 reflections
3576 measured reflections intensity decay: 1%
3234 independent reflections
Refinement top
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.0570 restraints
wR(F2) = 0.168H-atom parameters constrained
S = 1.00Δρmax = 0.27 e Å3
3234 reflectionsΔρmin = 0.35 e Å3
217 parameters
Special details top

Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/Ueq
S0.19836 (15)0.47414 (7)0.06975 (3)0.0468 (3)
F0.3816 (4)0.31374 (19)0.44364 (7)0.0810 (7)
O10.2240 (4)0.06223 (19)0.24443 (9)0.0574 (7)
H1A0.26020.00430.25950.086*
N10.1043 (4)0.2659 (2)0.12672 (9)0.0390 (6)
C10.4508 (6)0.3093 (3)0.30694 (13)0.0491 (8)
H1C0.55890.33090.28360.059*
O20.2945 (5)0.58313 (19)0.06090 (9)0.0665 (7)
N20.2636 (4)0.34440 (19)0.20528 (9)0.0358 (6)
C20.4998 (7)0.3252 (3)0.35873 (14)0.0572 (9)
H2C0.64020.35580.37080.069*
N30.3087 (5)0.4355 (2)0.12759 (9)0.0454 (7)
O30.0463 (4)0.4631 (2)0.06957 (9)0.0610 (7)
C30.3365 (7)0.2948 (3)0.39237 (12)0.0548 (9)
C40.1316 (7)0.2479 (3)0.37660 (13)0.0550 (9)
H4A0.02510.22780.40060.066*
C50.0833 (6)0.2305 (3)0.32381 (12)0.0453 (8)
H5A0.05620.19790.31240.054*
C60.2421 (5)0.2614 (2)0.28818 (11)0.0384 (7)
C70.1927 (5)0.2532 (2)0.23138 (11)0.0362 (7)
C80.0778 (5)0.1639 (2)0.20606 (11)0.0383 (7)
C90.0296 (5)0.1763 (2)0.15288 (11)0.0374 (7)
C100.2204 (5)0.3436 (2)0.15435 (11)0.0358 (7)
C110.0129 (6)0.0571 (3)0.23370 (13)0.0461 (8)
H11A0.04080.00830.21220.055*
H11B0.10620.04960.26580.055*
C120.1153 (6)0.0935 (3)0.12057 (13)0.0510 (9)
H12A0.12740.02340.14050.061*
C130.3530 (8)0.1421 (5)0.1122 (2)0.117 (2)
H13A0.41600.15700.14500.176*
H13B0.44980.08890.09320.176*
H13C0.34550.21140.09290.176*
C140.0079 (9)0.0648 (4)0.07052 (16)0.0964 (17)
H14A0.14310.03370.07780.145*
H14B0.00390.13220.05000.145*
H14C0.10230.01020.05180.145*
C150.5194 (6)0.4925 (3)0.14861 (13)0.0599 (10)
H15A0.56270.46190.18210.090*
H15B0.49080.57220.15160.090*
H15C0.64190.48030.12580.090*
C160.3091 (7)0.3781 (3)0.02622 (12)0.0582 (10)
H16A0.25110.39610.00830.087*
H16B0.26290.30270.03490.087*
H16C0.47440.38280.02810.087*
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
S0.0611 (6)0.0414 (5)0.0392 (5)0.0019 (4)0.0142 (4)0.0066 (3)
F0.124 (2)0.0785 (16)0.0398 (12)0.0170 (14)0.0057 (12)0.0016 (10)
O10.0590 (16)0.0441 (13)0.0707 (16)0.0090 (11)0.0171 (12)0.0151 (11)
N10.0419 (14)0.0378 (14)0.0376 (14)0.0066 (12)0.0051 (11)0.0017 (11)
C10.048 (2)0.052 (2)0.0471 (19)0.0018 (16)0.0007 (15)0.0042 (15)
O20.099 (2)0.0409 (14)0.0616 (16)0.0055 (13)0.0266 (14)0.0134 (11)
N20.0414 (14)0.0336 (13)0.0332 (13)0.0017 (11)0.0096 (10)0.0011 (10)
C20.061 (2)0.056 (2)0.054 (2)0.0067 (18)0.0092 (18)0.0006 (17)
N30.0580 (17)0.0442 (15)0.0345 (14)0.0159 (13)0.0089 (12)0.0010 (11)
O30.0540 (15)0.0709 (17)0.0590 (15)0.0089 (12)0.0095 (11)0.0162 (12)
C30.084 (3)0.0451 (19)0.0352 (18)0.0163 (19)0.0012 (18)0.0034 (15)
C40.077 (3)0.047 (2)0.0422 (19)0.0133 (19)0.0180 (18)0.0092 (15)
C50.0510 (19)0.0401 (17)0.0455 (18)0.0035 (15)0.0077 (15)0.0080 (14)
C60.0438 (17)0.0320 (15)0.0394 (17)0.0104 (14)0.0034 (13)0.0044 (12)
C70.0348 (16)0.0353 (16)0.0392 (16)0.0049 (13)0.0079 (12)0.0038 (13)
C80.0417 (17)0.0310 (15)0.0428 (17)0.0009 (13)0.0079 (13)0.0027 (13)
C90.0343 (16)0.0345 (16)0.0442 (17)0.0026 (13)0.0089 (13)0.0017 (13)
C100.0387 (17)0.0346 (16)0.0349 (16)0.0016 (13)0.0104 (12)0.0001 (12)
C110.050 (2)0.0355 (17)0.054 (2)0.0001 (14)0.0067 (15)0.0064 (14)
C120.051 (2)0.0440 (19)0.058 (2)0.0140 (16)0.0015 (16)0.0028 (15)
C130.055 (3)0.106 (4)0.186 (6)0.000 (3)0.040 (3)0.042 (4)
C140.109 (4)0.110 (4)0.073 (3)0.052 (3)0.026 (3)0.047 (3)
C150.065 (2)0.062 (2)0.054 (2)0.0297 (19)0.0150 (17)0.0032 (17)
C160.080 (3)0.058 (2)0.0375 (18)0.008 (2)0.0176 (17)0.0002 (16)
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
S—O21.426 (2)C6—C71.485 (4)
S—O31.427 (3)C7—C81.391 (4)
S—N31.659 (3)C8—C91.396 (4)
S—C161.745 (3)C8—C111.507 (4)
F—C31.356 (4)C9—C121.511 (4)
O1—C111.419 (4)C11—H11A0.9700
O1—H1A0.8200C11—H11B0.9700
N1—C101.325 (4)C12—C131.500 (6)
N1—C91.340 (4)C12—C141.506 (5)
C1—C21.367 (4)C12—H12A0.9800
C1—C61.400 (4)C13—H13A0.9600
C1—H1C0.9300C13—H13B0.9600
N2—C101.328 (3)C13—H13C0.9600
N2—C71.347 (4)C14—H14A0.9600
C2—C31.369 (5)C14—H14B0.9600
C2—H2C0.9300C14—H14C0.9600
N3—C101.399 (4)C15—H15A0.9600
N3—C151.474 (4)C15—H15B0.9600
C3—C41.355 (5)C15—H15C0.9600
C4—C51.395 (4)C16—H16A0.9600
C4—H4A0.9300C16—H16B0.9600
C5—C61.388 (4)C16—H16C0.9600
C5—H5A0.9300
O2—S—O3118.72 (16)N1—C10—N2127.1 (3)
O2—S—N3104.90 (14)N1—C10—N3117.4 (3)
O3—S—N3108.28 (14)N2—C10—N3115.5 (2)
O2—S—C16108.74 (16)O1—C11—C8109.1 (2)
O3—S—C16109.90 (18)O1—C11—H11A109.9
N3—S—C16105.41 (16)C8—C11—H11A109.9
C11—O1—H1A109.5O1—C11—H11B109.9
C10—N1—C9116.3 (2)C8—C11—H11B109.9
C2—C1—C6121.7 (3)H11A—C11—H11B108.3
C2—C1—H1C119.2C13—C12—C14112.5 (4)
C6—C1—H1C119.2C13—C12—C9108.3 (3)
C10—N2—C7116.5 (2)C14—C12—C9112.1 (3)
C1—C2—C3118.2 (3)C13—C12—H12A107.9
C1—C2—H2C120.9C14—C12—H12A107.9
C3—C2—H2C120.9C9—C12—H12A107.9
C10—N3—C15119.3 (3)C12—C13—H13A109.5
C10—N3—S121.7 (2)C12—C13—H13B109.5
C15—N3—S118.7 (2)H13A—C13—H13B109.5
C4—C3—F118.8 (3)C12—C13—H13C109.5
C4—C3—C2122.9 (3)H13A—C13—H13C109.5
F—C3—C2118.3 (4)H13B—C13—H13C109.5
C3—C4—C5118.8 (3)C12—C14—H14A109.5
C3—C4—H4A120.6C12—C14—H14B109.5
C5—C4—H4A120.6H14A—C14—H14B109.5
C6—C5—C4120.4 (3)C12—C14—H14C109.5
C6—C5—H5A119.8H14A—C14—H14C109.5
C4—C5—H5A119.8H14B—C14—H14C109.5
C5—C6—C1118.1 (3)N3—C15—H15A109.5
C5—C6—C7122.7 (3)N3—C15—H15B109.5
C1—C6—C7119.1 (3)H15A—C15—H15B109.5
N2—C7—C8121.4 (3)N3—C15—H15C109.5
N2—C7—C6113.3 (3)H15A—C15—H15C109.5
C8—C7—C6125.3 (3)H15B—C15—H15C109.5
C7—C8—C9116.8 (3)S—C16—H16A109.5
C7—C8—C11122.4 (3)S—C16—H16B109.5
C9—C8—C11120.8 (3)H16A—C16—H16B109.5
N1—C9—C8121.8 (3)S—C16—H16C109.5
N1—C9—C12114.6 (3)H16A—C16—H16C109.5
C8—C9—C12123.6 (3)H16B—C16—H16C109.5
C6—C1—C2—C31.2 (5)C6—C7—C8—C9174.4 (3)
O2—S—N3—C10167.0 (2)N2—C7—C8—C11175.2 (3)
O3—S—N3—C1039.2 (3)C6—C7—C8—C117.2 (4)
C16—S—N3—C1078.3 (3)C10—N1—C9—C81.9 (4)
O2—S—N3—C1519.4 (3)C10—N1—C9—C12176.2 (3)
O3—S—N3—C15147.1 (3)C7—C8—C9—N14.6 (4)
C16—S—N3—C1595.3 (3)C11—C8—C9—N1173.8 (3)
C1—C2—C3—C41.3 (5)C7—C8—C9—C12173.3 (3)
C1—C2—C3—F178.0 (3)C11—C8—C9—C128.3 (4)
F—C3—C4—C5178.8 (3)C9—N1—C10—N22.6 (4)
C2—C3—C4—C50.5 (5)C9—N1—C10—N3177.3 (2)
C3—C4—C5—C60.4 (5)C7—N2—C10—N14.0 (4)
C4—C5—C6—C10.5 (4)C7—N2—C10—N3175.9 (2)
C4—C5—C6—C7175.1 (3)C15—N3—C10—N1151.1 (3)
C2—C1—C6—C50.3 (5)S—N3—C10—N122.6 (4)
C2—C1—C6—C7176.1 (3)C15—N3—C10—N228.9 (4)
C10—N2—C7—C80.8 (4)S—N3—C10—N2157.5 (2)
C10—N2—C7—C6178.7 (2)C7—C8—C11—O1100.5 (3)
C5—C6—C7—N2136.6 (3)C9—C8—C11—O181.2 (3)
C1—C6—C7—N239.0 (4)N1—C9—C12—C1377.6 (4)
C5—C6—C7—C841.2 (4)C8—C9—C12—C13100.4 (4)
C1—C6—C7—C8143.3 (3)N1—C9—C12—C1447.0 (4)
N2—C7—C8—C93.1 (4)C8—C9—C12—C14134.9 (4)
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
O1—H1A···N2i0.822.102.896 (3)165
C5—H5A···O10.932.533.309 (4)141
C15—H15A···N20.962.332.765 (4)107
C15—H15C···O3ii0.962.393.350 (4)176
C16—H16A···O3iii0.962.553.402 (4)148
Symmetry codes: (i) x, y1/2, z+1/2; (ii) x+1, y, z; (iii) x, y+1, z.

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formulaC16H20FN3O3S
Mr353.41
Crystal system, space groupMonoclinic, P21/c
Temperature (K)293
a, b, c (Å)5.8080 (12), 11.803 (2), 25.867 (5)
β (°) 93.10 (3)
V3)1770.6 (6)
Z4
Radiation typeMo Kα
µ (mm1)0.21
Crystal size (mm)0.30 × 0.20 × 0.10
Data collection
DiffractometerEnraf–Nonius CAD-4
Absorption correctionψ scan
(North et al., 1968)
Tmin, Tmax0.939, 0.979
No. of measured, independent and
observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections
3576, 3234, 2200
Rint0.034
(sin θ/λ)max1)0.603
Refinement
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S 0.057, 0.168, 1.00
No. of reflections3234
No. of parameters217
H-atom treatmentH-atom parameters constrained
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å3)0.27, 0.35

Computer programs: CAD-4 EXPRESS (Enraf–Nonius, 1994), XCAD4 (Harms & Wocadlo, 1995), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
O1—H1A···N2i0.82002.10002.896 (3)165.00
C5—H5A···O10.93002.53003.309 (4)141.00
C15—H15C···O3ii0.96002.39003.350 (4)176.00
C16—H16A···O3iii0.96002.55003.402 (4)148.00
Symmetry codes: (i) x, y1/2, z+1/2; (ii) x+1, y, z; (iii) x, y+1, z.
 

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Center of Testing and Analysis, Nanjing University, for support.

References

First citationEnraf–Nonius (1994). CAD-4 EXPRESS. Enraf–Nonius, Delft, The Netherlands.  Google Scholar
First citationHarms, K. & Wocadlo, S. (1995). XCAD4. University of Marburg, Germany.  Google Scholar
First citationHe, W., Yang, D.-L., Cui, Y.-T., Xu, Y.-M. & Guo, C. (2008). Acta Cryst. E64, o1126.  Web of Science CSD CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
First citationNorth, A. C. T., Phillips, D. C. & Mathews, F. S. (1968). Acta Cryst. A24, 351–359.  CrossRef IUCr Journals Web of Science Google Scholar
First citationSheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112–122.  Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar

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