metal-organic compounds
Dibromido(2,3-di-2-pyridylpyrazine-κ2N2,N3)palladium(II)
aSchool of Applied Chemical Engineering, The Research Institute of Catalysis, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
*Correspondence e-mail: hakwang@chonnam.ac.kr
The PdII ion in the title complex, [PdBr2(C14H10N4)], is four-coordinated in a slightly distorted square-planar environment by the two pyridine N atoms of the chelating 2,3-di-2-pyridylpyrazine (dpp) ligand and two bromide anions. The pyridine rings are considerably inclined to the least-squares plane of the PdBr2N2 unit [maximum deviation = 0.080 (2) Å], making dihedral angles of 64.9 (1) and 66.4 (1)°. The pyrazine ring is perpendicular to the unit plane, with a dihedral angle of 89.0 (1)°. In the crystal, the complex molecules are stacked in columns along the a axis and connected by C—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds, forming a helical chain along the b axis.
Related literature
For related structures of [PdX2(dpp)] (X = Cl, I), see: Ha (2011a,b). For related Pt, Pd and Mn complexes, see: Granifo et al. (2000); Armentano et al. (2003); Delir Kheirollahi Nezhad et al. (2008); Cai et al. (2009).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Refinement
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Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 2000); cell SAINT (Bruker, 2000); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997) and PLATON (Spek, 2009); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97.
Supporting information
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536811050525/zj2038sup1.cif
contains datablocks global, I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536811050525/zj2038Isup2.hkl
To a solution of K2PdBr4 (0.2513 g, 0.498 mmol) in MeOH (30 ml) was added 2,3-di-2-pyridylpyrazine (0.1188 g, 0.506 mmol) and refluxed for 3 h. The formed precipitate was separated by filtration, washed with MeOH, and dried at 50 °C, to give a yellow powder (0.2150 g). Crystals suitable for X-ray analysis were obtained by slow evaporation from a CH3NO2/acetone solution.
H atoms were positioned geometrically and allowed to ride on their respective parent atoms [C—H = 0.95 Å and Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C)]. The highest peak (0.84 e Å-3) and the deepest hole (-0.56 e Å-3) in the difference Fourier map are located 0.88 Å and 0.69 Å from the atom Br1, respectively.
Polypyridyl ligands have received considerable attention in coordination chemistry owing to the diverse coordination modes of the ligands (Granifo et al., 2000; Armentano et al., 2003; Delir Kheirollahi Nezhad et al., 2008; Cai et al., 2009).
The title complex, [PdBr2(dpp)] (dpp = 2,3-di-2-pyridylpyrazine, C14H10N4), is isomorphous with the previously reported analogous complexes [PdX2(dpp)] (X = Cl, I) (Ha, 2011a,b). The PdII ion is four-coordinated in a slightly distorted square-planar environment by the two pyridine N atoms of the chelating dpp ligand and two bromide anions (Fig. 1). The coordination mode of the dpp ligand is similar to that found in the mononuclear Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes [PtCl2(dpq)] (dpq = 2,3-di-2-pyridylquinoxaline) (Granifo et al., 2000) and [MCl2(dcdpp)] (M = Pt, Pd; dcdpp = 2,3-dicyano-5,6-di-2-pyridylpyrazine) (Cai et al., 2009).
The contributions to the distortion of square are the N3—Pd1—N4 chelate angle of 87.44 (14)° and Br—Br repelling, and therefore the trans axes are slightly bent [<Br1—Pd1—N4 = 173.69 (10)° and <Br2—Pd1—N3 = 177.29 (10)°]. The Pd—N and Pd—Br bond lengths are nearly equivalent, respectively (Table 1). In the crystal, the two pyridine rings are considerably inclined to the least-squares plane of the PdBr2N2 unit [maximum deviation = 0.080 (2) Å], making dihedral angles of 64.9 (1)° and 66.4 (1)°. The nearly planar pyrazine ring [maximum deviation = 0.022 (3) Å] is perpendicular to the unit plane with a dihedral angle of 89.0 (1)°. The dihedral angle between the two pyridine rings is 78.84 (1)°. The complex molecules are stacked in columns along the a axis and connected by C—H···Br hydrogen bonds, forming a helical chain along the b axis (Fig. 2 and Table 2). The hydrogen bonding mode is similar to that observed in the isotypic complex [PdI2(dpp)] (Ha, 2011b). By contrast, in the chloro analog [PdCl2(dpp)], two independent intermolecular C—H···Cl hydrogen bonds generate a layer structure extending parallel to the ab plane (Ha, 2011a). Along the b axis, successive molecules stack in the opposite directions. In the columns, numerous inter- and intramolecular π-π interactions between the six-membered rings are present, the shortest ring centroid-centroid distance being 3.849 (3) Å.
For related structures of [PdX2(dpp)] (X = Cl, I), see: Ha (2011a,b). For related Pt, Pd and Mn complexes, see: Granifo et al. (2000); Armentano et al. (2003); Delir Kheirollahi Nezhad et al. (2008); Cai et al. (2009).
Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 2000); cell
SAINT (Bruker, 2000); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2000); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997) and PLATON (Spek, 2009); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008).[PdBr2(C14H10N4)] | F(000) = 952 |
Mr = 500.48 | Dx = 2.162 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P21/n | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: -P 2yn | Cell parameters from 4302 reflections |
a = 8.515 (2) Å | θ = 2.6–26.0° |
b = 15.408 (4) Å | µ = 6.40 mm−1 |
c = 11.941 (3) Å | T = 200 K |
β = 101.129 (5)° | Block, yellow |
V = 1537.3 (7) Å3 | 0.26 × 0.11 × 0.10 mm |
Z = 4 |
Bruker SMART 1000 CCD diffractometer | 2998 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 2384 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.046 |
φ and ω scans | θmax = 26.0°, θmin = 2.2° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2000) | h = −10→10 |
Tmin = 0.689, Tmax = 1.000 | k = −18→15 |
9366 measured reflections | l = −14→14 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.034 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.086 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.03 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.036P)2 + 0.1829P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
2998 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
190 parameters | Δρmax = 0.84 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.56 e Å−3 |
[PdBr2(C14H10N4)] | V = 1537.3 (7) Å3 |
Mr = 500.48 | Z = 4 |
Monoclinic, P21/n | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 8.515 (2) Å | µ = 6.40 mm−1 |
b = 15.408 (4) Å | T = 200 K |
c = 11.941 (3) Å | 0.26 × 0.11 × 0.10 mm |
β = 101.129 (5)° |
Bruker SMART 1000 CCD diffractometer | 2998 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2000) | 2384 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.689, Tmax = 1.000 | Rint = 0.046 |
9366 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.034 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.086 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.03 | Δρmax = 0.84 e Å−3 |
2998 reflections | Δρmin = −0.56 e Å−3 |
190 parameters |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
Pd1 | 0.52714 (4) | 0.06214 (2) | 0.31928 (3) | 0.02593 (12) | |
Br1 | 0.38710 (6) | −0.07475 (3) | 0.31457 (4) | 0.03824 (16) | |
Br2 | 0.28059 (6) | 0.14467 (4) | 0.26892 (5) | 0.04539 (18) | |
N1 | 0.8184 (5) | 0.0074 (3) | 0.0802 (3) | 0.0343 (9) | |
N2 | 0.7670 (5) | 0.1852 (3) | 0.0770 (3) | 0.0398 (10) | |
N3 | 0.7370 (4) | −0.0038 (2) | 0.3554 (3) | 0.0252 (8) | |
N4 | 0.6582 (5) | 0.1732 (2) | 0.3405 (3) | 0.0307 (9) | |
C1 | 0.8039 (5) | 0.0504 (3) | 0.1757 (4) | 0.0259 (10) | |
C2 | 0.7740 (5) | 0.1390 (3) | 0.1735 (4) | 0.0301 (11) | |
C3 | 0.7795 (6) | 0.1421 (4) | −0.0176 (4) | 0.0420 (13) | |
H3 | 0.7716 | 0.1729 | −0.0873 | 0.050* | |
C4 | 0.8037 (6) | 0.0538 (3) | −0.0161 (4) | 0.0383 (12) | |
H4 | 0.8101 | 0.0250 | −0.0853 | 0.046* | |
C5 | 0.8369 (5) | −0.0063 (3) | 0.2804 (4) | 0.0257 (10) | |
C6 | 0.9677 (6) | −0.0606 (3) | 0.2958 (4) | 0.0348 (12) | |
H6 | 1.0364 | −0.0613 | 0.2419 | 0.042* | |
C7 | 0.9980 (6) | −0.1141 (3) | 0.3906 (4) | 0.0403 (13) | |
H7 | 1.0860 | −0.1531 | 0.4017 | 0.048* | |
C8 | 0.8991 (6) | −0.1098 (3) | 0.4681 (4) | 0.0354 (12) | |
H8 | 0.9202 | −0.1447 | 0.5349 | 0.042* | |
C9 | 0.7696 (6) | −0.0552 (3) | 0.4493 (4) | 0.0295 (11) | |
H9 | 0.7011 | −0.0532 | 0.5033 | 0.035* | |
C10 | 0.7647 (5) | 0.1935 (3) | 0.2749 (4) | 0.0315 (11) | |
C11 | 0.8591 (6) | 0.2670 (3) | 0.2963 (4) | 0.0398 (13) | |
H11 | 0.9325 | 0.2813 | 0.2485 | 0.048* | |
C12 | 0.8459 (7) | 0.3190 (3) | 0.3869 (5) | 0.0455 (14) | |
H12 | 0.9106 | 0.3694 | 0.4031 | 0.055* | |
C13 | 0.7370 (7) | 0.2973 (4) | 0.4548 (4) | 0.0467 (15) | |
H13 | 0.7255 | 0.3326 | 0.5179 | 0.056* | |
C14 | 0.6474 (6) | 0.2249 (3) | 0.4294 (4) | 0.0390 (13) | |
H14 | 0.5735 | 0.2099 | 0.4765 | 0.047* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
Pd1 | 0.0282 (2) | 0.0277 (2) | 0.0233 (2) | 0.00439 (15) | 0.00855 (14) | 0.00168 (14) |
Br1 | 0.0316 (3) | 0.0399 (3) | 0.0447 (3) | −0.0018 (2) | 0.0111 (2) | −0.0006 (2) |
Br2 | 0.0450 (3) | 0.0547 (4) | 0.0378 (3) | 0.0204 (3) | 0.0114 (2) | 0.0097 (2) |
N1 | 0.044 (2) | 0.032 (2) | 0.030 (2) | 0.0060 (19) | 0.0149 (18) | 0.0043 (18) |
N2 | 0.050 (3) | 0.034 (3) | 0.036 (2) | 0.000 (2) | 0.009 (2) | 0.010 (2) |
N3 | 0.0271 (19) | 0.024 (2) | 0.026 (2) | −0.0015 (17) | 0.0076 (16) | −0.0005 (16) |
N4 | 0.044 (2) | 0.022 (2) | 0.026 (2) | 0.0063 (18) | 0.0077 (18) | 0.0030 (16) |
C1 | 0.022 (2) | 0.030 (3) | 0.027 (2) | −0.0020 (19) | 0.0067 (18) | 0.003 (2) |
C2 | 0.029 (2) | 0.033 (3) | 0.030 (3) | −0.005 (2) | 0.009 (2) | 0.004 (2) |
C3 | 0.053 (3) | 0.043 (4) | 0.030 (3) | −0.008 (3) | 0.010 (2) | 0.006 (2) |
C4 | 0.046 (3) | 0.042 (3) | 0.031 (3) | 0.003 (2) | 0.017 (2) | 0.000 (2) |
C5 | 0.025 (2) | 0.026 (3) | 0.025 (2) | −0.003 (2) | 0.0019 (18) | 0.0001 (19) |
C6 | 0.026 (2) | 0.042 (3) | 0.038 (3) | 0.002 (2) | 0.010 (2) | 0.006 (2) |
C7 | 0.029 (3) | 0.042 (3) | 0.049 (3) | 0.004 (2) | 0.006 (2) | 0.011 (3) |
C8 | 0.036 (3) | 0.029 (3) | 0.038 (3) | 0.001 (2) | 0.002 (2) | 0.012 (2) |
C9 | 0.034 (3) | 0.031 (3) | 0.023 (2) | −0.001 (2) | 0.0033 (19) | 0.001 (2) |
C10 | 0.035 (3) | 0.026 (3) | 0.033 (3) | 0.006 (2) | 0.002 (2) | 0.007 (2) |
C11 | 0.040 (3) | 0.031 (3) | 0.045 (3) | −0.002 (2) | 0.000 (2) | 0.002 (2) |
C12 | 0.053 (4) | 0.024 (3) | 0.052 (3) | −0.002 (2) | −0.010 (3) | −0.005 (3) |
C13 | 0.071 (4) | 0.034 (3) | 0.030 (3) | 0.010 (3) | −0.003 (3) | −0.002 (2) |
C14 | 0.055 (3) | 0.033 (3) | 0.029 (3) | 0.012 (3) | 0.009 (2) | 0.003 (2) |
Pd1—N3 | 2.029 (4) | C4—H4 | 0.9500 |
Pd1—N4 | 2.031 (4) | C5—C6 | 1.376 (6) |
Pd1—Br1 | 2.4183 (8) | C6—C7 | 1.384 (7) |
Pd1—Br2 | 2.4288 (8) | C6—H6 | 0.9500 |
N1—C4 | 1.339 (6) | C7—C8 | 1.368 (7) |
N1—C1 | 1.345 (6) | C7—H7 | 0.9500 |
N2—C3 | 1.333 (6) | C8—C9 | 1.371 (7) |
N2—C2 | 1.346 (6) | C8—H8 | 0.9500 |
N3—C5 | 1.349 (5) | C9—H9 | 0.9500 |
N3—C9 | 1.357 (6) | C10—C11 | 1.385 (7) |
N4—C10 | 1.344 (6) | C11—C12 | 1.368 (7) |
N4—C14 | 1.345 (6) | C11—H11 | 0.9500 |
C1—C2 | 1.388 (6) | C12—C13 | 1.385 (8) |
C1—C5 | 1.506 (6) | C12—H12 | 0.9500 |
C2—C10 | 1.488 (6) | C13—C14 | 1.353 (7) |
C3—C4 | 1.374 (7) | C13—H13 | 0.9500 |
C3—H3 | 0.9500 | C14—H14 | 0.9500 |
N3—Pd1—N4 | 87.44 (14) | C6—C5—C1 | 118.7 (4) |
N3—Pd1—Br1 | 88.74 (10) | C5—C6—C7 | 119.3 (5) |
N4—Pd1—Br1 | 173.69 (10) | C5—C6—H6 | 120.3 |
N3—Pd1—Br2 | 177.29 (10) | C7—C6—H6 | 120.3 |
N4—Pd1—Br2 | 91.01 (11) | C8—C7—C6 | 118.9 (5) |
Br1—Pd1—Br2 | 92.99 (3) | C8—C7—H7 | 120.6 |
C4—N1—C1 | 117.1 (4) | C6—C7—H7 | 120.6 |
C3—N2—C2 | 117.7 (4) | C7—C8—C9 | 120.0 (4) |
C5—N3—C9 | 118.6 (4) | C7—C8—H8 | 120.0 |
C5—N3—Pd1 | 121.0 (3) | C9—C8—H8 | 120.0 |
C9—N3—Pd1 | 119.9 (3) | N3—C9—C8 | 121.5 (5) |
C10—N4—C14 | 118.5 (4) | N3—C9—H9 | 119.2 |
C10—N4—Pd1 | 122.7 (3) | C8—C9—H9 | 119.2 |
C14—N4—Pd1 | 118.6 (4) | N4—C10—C11 | 121.1 (5) |
N1—C1—C2 | 121.0 (4) | N4—C10—C2 | 119.4 (4) |
N1—C1—C5 | 112.6 (4) | C11—C10—C2 | 119.4 (4) |
C2—C1—C5 | 126.1 (4) | C12—C11—C10 | 119.4 (5) |
N2—C2—C1 | 120.9 (4) | C12—C11—H11 | 120.3 |
N2—C2—C10 | 113.4 (4) | C10—C11—H11 | 120.3 |
C1—C2—C10 | 125.3 (4) | C11—C12—C13 | 119.2 (5) |
N2—C3—C4 | 121.2 (5) | C11—C12—H12 | 120.4 |
N2—C3—H3 | 119.4 | C13—C12—H12 | 120.4 |
C4—C3—H3 | 119.4 | C14—C13—C12 | 118.7 (5) |
N1—C4—C3 | 121.9 (5) | C14—C13—H13 | 120.6 |
N1—C4—H4 | 119.0 | C12—C13—H13 | 120.6 |
C3—C4—H4 | 119.0 | N4—C14—C13 | 123.0 (5) |
N3—C5—C6 | 121.7 (4) | N4—C14—H14 | 118.5 |
N3—C5—C1 | 119.6 (4) | C13—C14—H14 | 118.5 |
N4—Pd1—N3—C5 | −71.4 (3) | N1—C1—C5—C6 | 44.7 (6) |
Br1—Pd1—N3—C5 | 113.6 (3) | C2—C1—C5—C6 | −130.3 (5) |
N4—Pd1—N3—C9 | 116.8 (3) | N3—C5—C6—C7 | −0.1 (7) |
Br1—Pd1—N3—C9 | −58.2 (3) | C1—C5—C6—C7 | −178.9 (4) |
N3—Pd1—N4—C10 | 61.5 (4) | C5—C6—C7—C8 | −1.7 (8) |
Br2—Pd1—N4—C10 | −116.3 (3) | C6—C7—C8—C9 | 2.1 (8) |
N3—Pd1—N4—C14 | −113.0 (3) | C5—N3—C9—C8 | −1.1 (6) |
Br2—Pd1—N4—C14 | 69.3 (3) | Pd1—N3—C9—C8 | 170.9 (3) |
C4—N1—C1—C2 | 0.4 (6) | C7—C8—C9—N3 | −0.7 (7) |
C4—N1—C1—C5 | −174.9 (4) | C14—N4—C10—C11 | −1.5 (7) |
C3—N2—C2—C1 | 4.2 (7) | Pd1—N4—C10—C11 | −175.9 (3) |
C3—N2—C2—C10 | 178.0 (4) | C14—N4—C10—C2 | −177.6 (4) |
N1—C1—C2—N2 | −3.5 (7) | Pd1—N4—C10—C2 | 7.9 (6) |
C5—C1—C2—N2 | 171.1 (4) | N2—C2—C10—N4 | 129.0 (4) |
N1—C1—C2—C10 | −176.5 (4) | C1—C2—C10—N4 | −57.6 (6) |
C5—C1—C2—C10 | −1.9 (7) | N2—C2—C10—C11 | −47.3 (6) |
C2—N2—C3—C4 | −1.9 (8) | C1—C2—C10—C11 | 126.2 (5) |
C1—N1—C4—C3 | 1.9 (7) | N4—C10—C11—C12 | 1.2 (7) |
N2—C3—C4—N1 | −1.1 (8) | C2—C10—C11—C12 | 177.4 (4) |
C9—N3—C5—C6 | 1.5 (6) | C10—C11—C12—C13 | −0.6 (8) |
Pd1—N3—C5—C6 | −170.4 (3) | C11—C12—C13—C14 | 0.3 (8) |
C9—N3—C5—C1 | −179.7 (4) | C10—N4—C14—C13 | 1.1 (7) |
Pd1—N3—C5—C1 | 8.4 (5) | Pd1—N4—C14—C13 | 175.8 (4) |
N1—C1—C5—N3 | −134.1 (4) | C12—C13—C14—N4 | −0.5 (8) |
C2—C1—C5—N3 | 50.8 (6) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C11—H11···Br1i | 0.95 | 2.88 | 3.670 (5) | 141 |
Symmetry code: (i) −x+3/2, y+1/2, −z+1/2. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | [PdBr2(C14H10N4)] |
Mr | 500.48 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, P21/n |
Temperature (K) | 200 |
a, b, c (Å) | 8.515 (2), 15.408 (4), 11.941 (3) |
β (°) | 101.129 (5) |
V (Å3) | 1537.3 (7) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 6.40 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.26 × 0.11 × 0.10 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Bruker SMART 1000 CCD |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2000) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.689, 1.000 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 9366, 2998, 2384 |
Rint | 0.046 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.617 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.034, 0.086, 1.03 |
No. of reflections | 2998 |
No. of parameters | 190 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.84, −0.56 |
Computer programs: SMART (Bruker, 2000), SAINT (Bruker, 2000), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997) and PLATON (Spek, 2009).
Pd1—N3 | 2.029 (4) | Pd1—Br1 | 2.4183 (8) |
Pd1—N4 | 2.031 (4) | Pd1—Br2 | 2.4288 (8) |
N3—Pd1—N4 | 87.44 (14) | Br1—Pd1—Br2 | 92.99 (3) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C11—H11···Br1i | 0.95 | 2.88 | 3.670 (5) | 141.4 |
Symmetry code: (i) −x+3/2, y+1/2, −z+1/2. |
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Priority Research Centers Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2010–0029626).
References
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Polypyridyl ligands have received considerable attention in coordination chemistry owing to the diverse coordination modes of the ligands (Granifo et al., 2000; Armentano et al., 2003; Delir Kheirollahi Nezhad et al., 2008; Cai et al., 2009).
The title complex, [PdBr2(dpp)] (dpp = 2,3-di-2-pyridylpyrazine, C14H10N4), is isomorphous with the previously reported analogous complexes [PdX2(dpp)] (X = Cl, I) (Ha, 2011a,b). The PdII ion is four-coordinated in a slightly distorted square-planar environment by the two pyridine N atoms of the chelating dpp ligand and two bromide anions (Fig. 1). The coordination mode of the dpp ligand is similar to that found in the mononuclear Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes [PtCl2(dpq)] (dpq = 2,3-di-2-pyridylquinoxaline) (Granifo et al., 2000) and [MCl2(dcdpp)] (M = Pt, Pd; dcdpp = 2,3-dicyano-5,6-di-2-pyridylpyrazine) (Cai et al., 2009).
The contributions to the distortion of square are the N3—Pd1—N4 chelate angle of 87.44 (14)° and Br—Br repelling, and therefore the trans axes are slightly bent [<Br1—Pd1—N4 = 173.69 (10)° and <Br2—Pd1—N3 = 177.29 (10)°]. The Pd—N and Pd—Br bond lengths are nearly equivalent, respectively (Table 1). In the crystal, the two pyridine rings are considerably inclined to the least-squares plane of the PdBr2N2 unit [maximum deviation = 0.080 (2) Å], making dihedral angles of 64.9 (1)° and 66.4 (1)°. The nearly planar pyrazine ring [maximum deviation = 0.022 (3) Å] is perpendicular to the unit plane with a dihedral angle of 89.0 (1)°. The dihedral angle between the two pyridine rings is 78.84 (1)°. The complex molecules are stacked in columns along the a axis and connected by C—H···Br hydrogen bonds, forming a helical chain along the b axis (Fig. 2 and Table 2). The hydrogen bonding mode is similar to that observed in the isotypic complex [PdI2(dpp)] (Ha, 2011b). By contrast, in the chloro analog [PdCl2(dpp)], two independent intermolecular C—H···Cl hydrogen bonds generate a layer structure extending parallel to the ab plane (Ha, 2011a). Along the b axis, successive molecules stack in the opposite directions. In the columns, numerous inter- and intramolecular π-π interactions between the six-membered rings are present, the shortest ring centroid-centroid distance being 3.849 (3) Å.