organic compounds\(\def\hfill{\hskip 5em}\def\hfil{\hskip 3em}\def\eqno#1{\hfil {#1}}\)

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Di­phenyl­methyl iso­thio­cyanate

aResearch Center for Engineering Technology of Polymeric Composites of Shanxi Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, People's Republic of China
*Correspondence e-mail: zph2004@yahoo.com.cn

(Received 7 January 2012; accepted 9 January 2012; online 14 January 2012)

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C14H11NS, contains two mol­ecules in which the dihedral angles between the phenyl rings are 77.23 (7) and 86.30 (7)°. No aromatic ππ stacking inter­actions are observed.

Related literature

For the synthetic applications of isothio­cyanates, see: Fernandez et al. (1995[Fernandez, J. M. G., Mellet, C. O., Blanco, J. L. J., Mota, J. F., Gadelle, A., Coste Sarguent, A. & Defaye, J. (1995). Carbohydr. Res. 268, 57-71.]); Mukerjee & Ashare (1991[Mukerjee, A. K. & Ashare, R. (1991). Chem. Rev. 91, 1-24.]); Stephensen & Zaragosa (1997[Stephensen, H. & Zaragosa, F. (1997). J. Org. Chem. 62, 6096-6097.]).

[Scheme 1]

Experimental

Crystal data
  • C14H11NS

  • Mr = 225.30

  • Triclinic, [P \overline 1]

  • a = 9.635 (5) Å

  • b = 10.222 (6) Å

  • c = 11.974 (7) Å

  • α = 98.491 (13)°

  • β = 95.296 (15)°

  • γ = 93.573 (6)°

  • V = 1157.9 (11) Å3

  • Z = 4

  • Mo Kα radiation

  • μ = 0.25 mm−1

  • T = 113 K

  • 0.24 × 0.20 × 0.18 mm

Data collection
  • Rigaku Saturn724 CCD diffractometer

  • Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrystalClear; Rigaku/MSC, 2005[Rigaku/MSC (2005). CrystalClear. Rigaku/MSC Inc. The Woodlands, Texas, USA.]) Tmin = 0.943, Tmax = 0.957

  • 12035 measured reflections

  • 5430 independent reflections

  • 3169 reflections with I > 2σ(I)

  • Rint = 0.042

Refinement
  • R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.034

  • wR(F2) = 0.079

  • S = 0.89

  • 5430 reflections

  • 289 parameters

  • 2 restraints

  • H-atom parameters constrained

  • Δρmax = 0.20 e Å−3

  • Δρmin = −0.26 e Å−3

Data collection: CrystalClear (Rigaku/MSC, 2005[Rigaku/MSC (2005). CrystalClear. Rigaku/MSC Inc. The Woodlands, Texas, USA.]); cell refinement: CrystalClear; data reduction: CrystalClear; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112-122.]); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112-122.]); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112-122.]); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97.

Supporting information


Related literature top

For the synthetic applications of isothiocyanates, see: Fernandez et al. (1995); Mukerjee & Ashare (1991); Stephensen & Zaragosa (1997).

Experimental top

Diphenylamine (44.0 mmol) was dissolved in absolute ethanol (50.0 ml). Carbon disulfide (440.0 mmol) and triethylamine (44.0 mmol) were added while stirring. The reaction mixture was stirred for 0.5 h at room temperature and then cooled on an ice bath. Di-tert butyl dicarbonate (43.6 mmol) dissolved in absolute ethanol (10.0 ml), was added followed by the immediate addition of a catalytic amount of 1,4-diazabicyclo-[2.2.2]octane (0.88 mmol) in absolute ethanol (10.0 ml). The reaction mixture was kept in the ice bath for 5 min, and was then allowed to room temperature. After the reaction was completed, the solvents were evporated thoroughly in vacuo. The residue obtained was taken up in ether and filtered off, and the filtrate was evaporated in vacuo to afford the crude. The crude was separated through column chromatography on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether- dichloromethane (30:1 v/v) to give the white product. Colourless prisms of the title compound were obtained by slow evaporation of the dichloromethane/n-hexane solutions at room temperature. 1H-NMR(400 MHz, CDCl3, TMS): 6.02 (s, 1H, CH), 7.33–7.42 (m, 10H, Ph—H) p.p.m.. 13C-NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3, TMS): 64.6 (CH), 126.7, 128.4, 129.0, 139.3 (Ph—CH and Ph—C) p.p.m..

Refinement top

All the H atoms were positioned geometrically (C—H = 0.95 Å) and refined as riding with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C).

Computing details top

Data collection: CrystalClear (Rigaku/MSC, 2005); cell refinement: CrystalClear (Rigaku/MSC, 2005); data reduction: CrystalClear (Rigaku/MSC, 2005); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008).

Figures top
[Figure 1] Fig. 1. The molecular structure of (I). Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 30% probability level and H atoms are shown as small spheres of arbitrary radii.
[Figure 2] Fig. 2. The crystal packing for (I).
Diphenylmethyl isothiocyanate top
Crystal data top
C14H11NSZ = 4
Mr = 225.30F(000) = 472
Triclinic, P1Dx = 1.292 Mg m3
a = 9.635 (5) ÅMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
b = 10.222 (6) ÅCell parameters from 3900 reflections
c = 11.974 (7) Åθ = 1.7–28.0°
α = 98.491 (13)°µ = 0.25 mm1
β = 95.296 (15)°T = 113 K
γ = 93.573 (6)°Prism, colorless
V = 1157.9 (11) Å30.24 × 0.20 × 0.18 mm
Data collection top
Rigaku Saturn724 CCD
diffractometer
5430 independent reflections
Radiation source: rotating anode3169 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Multilayer monochromatorRint = 0.042
Detector resolution: 14.22 pixels mm-1θmax = 27.9°, θmin = 1.7°
ω and ϕ scansh = 1212
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(CrystalClear; Rigaku/MSC, 2005)
k = 1313
Tmin = 0.943, Tmax = 0.957l = 1512
12035 measured reflections
Refinement top
Refinement on F2Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: fullSecondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.034Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F2) = 0.079H-atom parameters constrained
S = 0.89 w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0253P)2]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
5430 reflections(Δ/σ)max = 0.003
289 parametersΔρmax = 0.20 e Å3
2 restraintsΔρmin = 0.26 e Å3
Crystal data top
C14H11NSγ = 93.573 (6)°
Mr = 225.30V = 1157.9 (11) Å3
Triclinic, P1Z = 4
a = 9.635 (5) ÅMo Kα radiation
b = 10.222 (6) ŵ = 0.25 mm1
c = 11.974 (7) ÅT = 113 K
α = 98.491 (13)°0.24 × 0.20 × 0.18 mm
β = 95.296 (15)°
Data collection top
Rigaku Saturn724 CCD
diffractometer
5430 independent reflections
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(CrystalClear; Rigaku/MSC, 2005)
3169 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Tmin = 0.943, Tmax = 0.957Rint = 0.042
12035 measured reflections
Refinement top
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.0342 restraints
wR(F2) = 0.079H-atom parameters constrained
S = 0.89Δρmax = 0.20 e Å3
5430 reflectionsΔρmin = 0.26 e Å3
289 parameters
Special details top

Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/Ueq
S10.10665 (4)0.73024 (4)0.96006 (4)0.03299 (12)
S20.11876 (4)1.01973 (4)0.18909 (4)0.03186 (12)
N10.10403 (14)0.46640 (15)0.86731 (12)0.0375 (4)
N20.27245 (15)0.85453 (13)0.30434 (11)0.0353 (4)
C10.14265 (15)0.41926 (16)0.63396 (13)0.0266 (4)
H10.13670.50720.67110.032*
C20.15692 (15)0.39629 (17)0.51813 (14)0.0298 (4)
H20.16050.46860.47660.036*
C30.16580 (15)0.26911 (17)0.46354 (13)0.0286 (4)
H30.17700.25380.38480.034*
C40.15828 (15)0.16335 (16)0.52411 (13)0.0292 (4)
H40.16230.07540.48630.035*
C50.14493 (15)0.18588 (15)0.63921 (13)0.0267 (4)
H50.14110.11330.68030.032*
C60.13704 (14)0.31449 (15)0.69539 (12)0.0216 (3)
C70.12841 (16)0.33178 (15)0.82319 (12)0.0254 (4)
H70.04690.27310.83720.030*
C80.25897 (15)0.28997 (15)0.88646 (12)0.0233 (3)
C90.38754 (16)0.36001 (17)0.88849 (13)0.0309 (4)
H90.39370.43740.85340.037*
C100.50688 (16)0.31767 (18)0.94139 (13)0.0352 (4)
H100.59470.36560.94210.042*
C110.49818 (16)0.20569 (17)0.99316 (13)0.0324 (4)
H110.58000.17681.02960.039*
C120.37035 (17)0.13574 (16)0.99191 (13)0.0309 (4)
H120.36450.05851.02720.037*
C130.25053 (16)0.17819 (15)0.93923 (12)0.0259 (4)
H130.16270.13060.93930.031*
C140.10830 (15)0.57794 (17)0.90672 (13)0.0262 (4)
C150.25922 (15)0.57519 (16)0.25156 (13)0.0269 (4)
H150.18380.62190.22490.032*
C160.26212 (16)0.44037 (16)0.21331 (13)0.0305 (4)
H160.18880.39490.16070.037*
C170.37235 (16)0.37218 (16)0.25209 (13)0.0284 (4)
H170.37480.28010.22560.034*
C180.47868 (16)0.43822 (15)0.32921 (13)0.0260 (4)
H180.55390.39140.35600.031*
C190.47557 (15)0.57276 (15)0.36751 (12)0.0241 (3)
H190.54860.61780.42060.029*
C200.36602 (15)0.64199 (14)0.32856 (12)0.0208 (3)
C210.37093 (15)0.79000 (14)0.37246 (12)0.0242 (4)
H210.46690.82930.36560.029*
C220.34411 (15)0.81973 (14)0.49715 (13)0.0215 (3)
C230.45057 (16)0.87830 (14)0.57871 (13)0.0249 (4)
H230.54040.90000.55670.030*
C240.42671 (16)0.90538 (15)0.69248 (13)0.0280 (4)
H240.49970.94620.74780.034*
C250.29602 (16)0.87249 (15)0.72478 (13)0.0277 (4)
H250.27910.89110.80220.033*
C260.19007 (16)0.81236 (15)0.64359 (13)0.0279 (4)
H260.10090.78900.66590.034*
C270.21326 (15)0.78614 (15)0.53047 (13)0.0249 (4)
H270.14010.74520.47540.030*
C280.20928 (15)0.92584 (15)0.25600 (12)0.0226 (3)
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
S10.0286 (2)0.0308 (3)0.0386 (3)0.00210 (18)0.00829 (19)0.0008 (2)
S20.0346 (2)0.0281 (2)0.0330 (3)0.00572 (18)0.00353 (19)0.0080 (2)
N10.0422 (9)0.0355 (9)0.0344 (9)0.0162 (7)0.0031 (7)0.0012 (7)
N20.0481 (9)0.0309 (8)0.0290 (8)0.0109 (7)0.0020 (7)0.0090 (7)
C10.0235 (8)0.0244 (9)0.0313 (10)0.0030 (7)0.0002 (7)0.0029 (8)
C20.0246 (9)0.0332 (10)0.0326 (10)0.0012 (7)0.0005 (7)0.0120 (8)
C30.0204 (8)0.0427 (11)0.0220 (9)0.0013 (7)0.0023 (7)0.0047 (8)
C40.0292 (9)0.0283 (9)0.0285 (10)0.0042 (7)0.0036 (7)0.0023 (8)
C50.0292 (9)0.0250 (9)0.0271 (9)0.0066 (7)0.0025 (7)0.0064 (8)
C60.0167 (8)0.0251 (9)0.0228 (9)0.0050 (6)0.0004 (6)0.0031 (7)
C70.0245 (8)0.0270 (9)0.0247 (9)0.0053 (7)0.0034 (7)0.0020 (7)
C80.0232 (8)0.0298 (9)0.0163 (8)0.0047 (7)0.0023 (6)0.0006 (7)
C90.0312 (9)0.0410 (11)0.0218 (9)0.0020 (8)0.0031 (7)0.0106 (8)
C100.0230 (9)0.0561 (12)0.0264 (10)0.0036 (8)0.0018 (7)0.0096 (9)
C110.0275 (9)0.0463 (12)0.0230 (9)0.0102 (8)0.0007 (7)0.0032 (8)
C120.0380 (10)0.0300 (10)0.0250 (9)0.0085 (8)0.0008 (8)0.0045 (8)
C130.0253 (9)0.0283 (9)0.0225 (9)0.0002 (7)0.0027 (7)0.0003 (7)
C140.0200 (8)0.0382 (11)0.0218 (9)0.0081 (7)0.0047 (6)0.0052 (8)
C150.0214 (8)0.0314 (10)0.0277 (9)0.0040 (7)0.0001 (7)0.0048 (8)
C160.0281 (9)0.0335 (10)0.0259 (9)0.0053 (7)0.0013 (7)0.0030 (8)
C170.0340 (10)0.0224 (9)0.0289 (10)0.0028 (7)0.0084 (8)0.0006 (8)
C180.0254 (9)0.0264 (9)0.0277 (9)0.0076 (7)0.0042 (7)0.0057 (8)
C190.0210 (8)0.0278 (9)0.0225 (9)0.0008 (6)0.0004 (6)0.0023 (7)
C200.0204 (8)0.0226 (8)0.0201 (8)0.0015 (6)0.0045 (6)0.0043 (7)
C210.0235 (8)0.0235 (9)0.0271 (9)0.0035 (7)0.0026 (7)0.0084 (7)
C220.0252 (8)0.0152 (8)0.0253 (9)0.0055 (6)0.0020 (7)0.0051 (7)
C230.0231 (8)0.0196 (8)0.0324 (10)0.0002 (6)0.0011 (7)0.0071 (7)
C240.0311 (9)0.0229 (9)0.0278 (10)0.0020 (7)0.0067 (7)0.0044 (7)
C250.0352 (10)0.0242 (9)0.0243 (9)0.0071 (7)0.0035 (7)0.0032 (7)
C260.0258 (9)0.0276 (9)0.0309 (10)0.0054 (7)0.0046 (7)0.0039 (8)
C270.0216 (8)0.0256 (9)0.0261 (9)0.0026 (7)0.0016 (7)0.0013 (7)
C280.0255 (8)0.0212 (8)0.0203 (9)0.0005 (6)0.0029 (6)0.0015 (7)
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
S1—C141.5947 (19)C12—C131.388 (2)
S2—C281.5893 (16)C12—H120.9500
N1—C141.164 (2)C13—H130.9500
N1—C71.441 (2)C15—C201.388 (2)
N2—C281.1626 (18)C15—C161.389 (2)
N2—C211.4473 (19)C15—H150.9500
C1—C61.387 (2)C16—C171.388 (2)
C1—C21.393 (2)C16—H160.9500
C1—H10.9500C17—C181.383 (2)
C2—C31.378 (2)C17—H170.9500
C2—H20.9500C18—C191.387 (2)
C3—C41.390 (2)C18—H180.9500
C3—H30.9500C19—C201.390 (2)
C4—C51.383 (2)C19—H190.9500
C4—H40.9500C20—C211.523 (2)
C5—C61.395 (2)C21—C221.528 (2)
C5—H50.9500C21—H211.0000
C6—C71.525 (2)C22—C231.389 (2)
C7—C81.525 (2)C22—C271.3949 (19)
C7—H71.0000C23—C241.393 (2)
C8—C131.387 (2)C23—H230.9500
C8—C91.388 (2)C24—C251.387 (2)
C9—C101.385 (2)C24—H240.9500
C9—H90.9500C25—C261.388 (2)
C10—C111.381 (2)C25—H250.9500
C10—H100.9500C26—C271.383 (2)
C11—C121.383 (2)C26—H260.9500
C11—H110.9500C27—H270.9500
C14—N1—C7168.64 (16)N1—C14—S1177.42 (15)
C28—N2—C21168.05 (17)C20—C15—C16120.28 (14)
C6—C1—C2120.40 (15)C20—C15—H15119.9
C6—C1—H1119.8C16—C15—H15119.9
C2—C1—H1119.8C17—C16—C15119.89 (15)
C3—C2—C1120.23 (15)C17—C16—H16120.1
C3—C2—H2119.9C15—C16—H16120.1
C1—C2—H2119.9C18—C17—C16120.02 (15)
C2—C3—C4119.74 (15)C18—C17—H17120.0
C2—C3—H3120.1C16—C17—H17120.0
C4—C3—H3120.1C17—C18—C19120.05 (14)
C5—C4—C3120.16 (15)C17—C18—H18120.0
C5—C4—H4119.9C19—C18—H18120.0
C3—C4—H4119.9C18—C19—C20120.31 (15)
C4—C5—C6120.48 (15)C18—C19—H19119.8
C4—C5—H5119.8C20—C19—H19119.8
C6—C5—H5119.8C15—C20—C19119.45 (15)
C1—C6—C5118.97 (14)C15—C20—C21123.10 (14)
C1—C6—C7123.65 (14)C19—C20—C21117.44 (14)
C5—C6—C7117.33 (13)N2—C21—C20111.07 (13)
N1—C7—C6111.17 (13)N2—C21—C22109.58 (12)
N1—C7—C8110.31 (13)C20—C21—C22112.88 (12)
C6—C7—C8111.92 (12)N2—C21—H21107.7
N1—C7—H7107.8C20—C21—H21107.7
C6—C7—H7107.8C22—C21—H21107.7
C8—C7—H7107.8C23—C22—C27119.35 (14)
C13—C8—C9119.46 (14)C23—C22—C21120.30 (14)
C13—C8—C7119.84 (14)C27—C22—C21120.33 (14)
C9—C8—C7120.67 (14)C22—C23—C24120.52 (14)
C10—C9—C8120.35 (16)C22—C23—H23119.7
C10—C9—H9119.8C24—C23—H23119.7
C8—C9—H9119.8C25—C24—C23119.76 (15)
C11—C10—C9120.00 (16)C25—C24—H24120.1
C11—C10—H10120.0C23—C24—H24120.1
C9—C10—H10120.0C24—C25—C26119.79 (15)
C10—C11—C12119.96 (15)C24—C25—H25120.1
C10—C11—H11120.0C26—C25—H25120.1
C12—C11—H11120.0C27—C26—C25120.56 (15)
C11—C12—C13120.14 (16)C27—C26—H26119.7
C11—C12—H12119.9C25—C26—H26119.7
C13—C12—H12119.9C26—C27—C22120.02 (15)
C8—C13—C12120.07 (15)C26—C27—H27120.0
C8—C13—H13120.0C22—C27—H27120.0
C12—C13—H13120.0N2—C28—S2178.13 (15)
C6—C1—C2—C30.1 (2)C20—C15—C16—C170.1 (2)
C1—C2—C3—C41.0 (2)C15—C16—C17—C180.4 (2)
C2—C3—C4—C51.4 (2)C16—C17—C18—C190.3 (2)
C3—C4—C5—C60.8 (2)C17—C18—C19—C200.1 (2)
C2—C1—C6—C50.4 (2)C16—C15—C20—C190.3 (2)
C2—C1—C6—C7177.04 (14)C16—C15—C20—C21178.89 (13)
C4—C5—C6—C10.1 (2)C18—C19—C20—C150.4 (2)
C4—C5—C6—C7177.57 (13)C18—C19—C20—C21178.82 (12)
C14—N1—C7—C694.4 (8)C28—N2—C21—C20153.8 (7)
C14—N1—C7—C830.4 (8)C28—N2—C21—C2280.8 (7)
C1—C6—C7—N19.4 (2)C15—C20—C21—N213.98 (19)
C5—C6—C7—N1173.10 (13)C19—C20—C21—N2165.23 (12)
C1—C6—C7—C8114.46 (16)C15—C20—C21—C22109.54 (16)
C5—C6—C7—C863.05 (18)C19—C20—C21—C2271.24 (17)
N1—C7—C8—C13123.86 (15)N2—C21—C22—C23123.47 (15)
C6—C7—C8—C13111.81 (15)C20—C21—C22—C23112.18 (15)
N1—C7—C8—C958.43 (18)N2—C21—C22—C2757.70 (18)
C6—C7—C8—C965.90 (19)C20—C21—C22—C2766.65 (17)
C13—C8—C9—C100.9 (2)C27—C22—C23—C241.0 (2)
C7—C8—C9—C10176.82 (14)C21—C22—C23—C24179.89 (13)
C8—C9—C10—C110.4 (2)C22—C23—C24—C250.6 (2)
C9—C10—C11—C120.1 (2)C23—C24—C25—C260.2 (2)
C10—C11—C12—C130.3 (2)C24—C25—C26—C270.7 (2)
C9—C8—C13—C121.1 (2)C25—C26—C27—C220.2 (2)
C7—C8—C13—C12176.66 (13)C23—C22—C27—C260.6 (2)
C11—C12—C13—C80.8 (2)C21—C22—C27—C26179.47 (13)
C7—N1—C14—S1176 (100)C21—N2—C28—S2168 (4)

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formulaC14H11NS
Mr225.30
Crystal system, space groupTriclinic, P1
Temperature (K)113
a, b, c (Å)9.635 (5), 10.222 (6), 11.974 (7)
α, β, γ (°)98.491 (13), 95.296 (15), 93.573 (6)
V3)1157.9 (11)
Z4
Radiation typeMo Kα
µ (mm1)0.25
Crystal size (mm)0.24 × 0.20 × 0.18
Data collection
DiffractometerRigaku Saturn724 CCD
diffractometer
Absorption correctionMulti-scan
(CrystalClear; Rigaku/MSC, 2005)
Tmin, Tmax0.943, 0.957
No. of measured, independent and
observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections
12035, 5430, 3169
Rint0.042
(sin θ/λ)max1)0.658
Refinement
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S 0.034, 0.079, 0.89
No. of reflections5430
No. of parameters289
No. of restraints2
H-atom treatmentH-atom parameters constrained
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å3)0.20, 0.26

Computer programs: CrystalClear (Rigaku/MSC, 2005), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).

 

Acknowledgements

This work was supported financially by the Start-up Foundation and the Youth Foundation of North University of China.

References

First citationFernandez, J. M. G., Mellet, C. O., Blanco, J. L. J., Mota, J. F., Gadelle, A., Coste Sarguent, A. & Defaye, J. (1995). Carbohydr. Res. 268, 57–71.  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
First citationMukerjee, A. K. & Ashare, R. (1991). Chem. Rev. 91, 1–24.  CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
First citationRigaku/MSC (2005). CrystalClear. Rigaku/MSC Inc. The Woodlands, Texas, USA.  Google Scholar
First citationSheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112–122.  Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
First citationStephensen, H. & Zaragosa, F. (1997). J. Org. Chem. 62, 6096–6097.  CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar

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