organic compounds
Fluphenazine dihydrochloride dimethanol solvate
aFaculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
*Correspondence e-mail: joanna.petrus@chem.uni.wroc.pl
In the title compound {systematic name: 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-[3-(2-trifluoromethyl-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propyl]piperazine-1,4-diium dichloride dimethanol disolvate}, C22H28F3N3OS2+·2Cl−·2CH3OH, the dihedral angle between the planes of the two outer benzene rings of the tricyclic phenothiazine system is 46.91 (13)°. The piperazine ring adopts a chair conformation. The is stabilized by O—H⋯Cl, N—H⋯Cl, C—H⋯O, C—H⋯Cl and C—H⋯F hydrogen bonds and contacts.
Related literature
For the properties of phenothiazines, see: Ford et al. (1988); Ohlow & Moosmann (2011); Tsakovska & Pajeva (2006) and for the biological properties of fluphenazine, see: Gasiorowski et al. (2001); Szabó et al. (1999). For related structures, see: Dahl et al. (1986); Dutkiewicz et al. (2010); McDowell (1978, 1980); Yathirajan et al. (2007). For puckering parameters, see: Cremer & Pople (1975);.
Experimental
Crystal data
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Data collection: CrysAlis CCD (Oxford Diffraction, 2007); cell CrysAlis CCD; data reduction: CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2007); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: XP in SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97.
Supporting information
10.1107/S1600536812008707/bt5828sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536812008707/bt5828Isup2.hkl
Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536812008707/bt5828Isup3.cdx
Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536812008707/bt5828Isup4.cml
The FPh2+.2Cl-.2CH3OH crystals were obtained by slow evaporation of methanol solution of dihydrochloride fluphenazine (Jelfa) at -15°C.
All H atoms were found in difference Fourier maps. In the final
cycles, all H atoms were positioned geometrically and treated as riding atoms, with C—H = 0.95–0.99 Å, N—H = 0.93 Å and O—H = 0.84 Å, and with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C, Nsp3) or 1.5Ueq(O, Cmethyl).Fluphenazine (2-(4-(3-(2-(trifluoromethyl)-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propyl) piperazin-1-yl)ethanol)) (FPh) belongs to one of the oldest and the biggest family of antipsychotic drugs known as phenothiazines (Ohlow & Moosmann, 2011). Apart from its application in the treatment of many psychoses (mainly schizophrenia, mania and paranoid syndromes), it exhibits also a broad spectrum of biological effects, among them the anti-MDR (multidrug resistance) potency. (Gasiorowski et al., 2001; Szabó et al., 1999). Due to the anti-MDR activity of phenothiazines is strictly correlated with their structure (Tsakovska & Pajeva, 2006; Ford et al., 1988), the aim of our work is to characterize the solid state structure of fluphenazine. In the φ2 = 13.9°, q3 = -0.593 Å, Q = 0.593 Å, θ = 178.2°. The is stabilized by O—H···Cl, N—H···Cl, C—H···O, C—H···Cl and C—H···F hydrogen bonds and contacts (Table 1 and Fig. 2), that are very similar to those in trifluperazine dihydrochloride (McDowell, 1980).
of I (Fig. 1), the dihedral angle between the planes of the two outer benzene rings of the phenothiazine system known as 'butterfly angle', correlates with values find for phenothiazines with high biological activity (Dahl et al., 1986; McDowell, 1978; Yathirajan et al., 2007). The piperazine ring adopts a chair conformation, as in the case before reported fluphenazine dipicrate (Dutkiewicz et al., 2010), described by the Cremer & Pople (1975) puckering parameters q2 = 0.019 Å,For the properties of phenothiazines, see: Ford et al. (1988); Ohlow & Moosmann (2011); Tsakovska & Pajeva (2006) and for the biological properties of fluphenazine, see: Gasiorowski et al. (2001); Szabó et al. (1999). For related structures, see: Dahl et al. (1986); Dutkiewicz et al. (2010); McDowell (1978, 1980); Yathirajan et al. (2007). For puckering parameters, see: Cremer & Pople (1975); .
Data collection: CrysAlis CCD (Oxford Diffraction, 2007); cell
CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2007); data reduction: CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2007); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: XP in SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008).Fig. 1. The structures and atom-numbering schemes for the FPh dication, chloride anions and solvent molecules joined by hydrogen bonds (dashed lines) in the asymmetric unit of I. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 30% probability level. | |
Fig. 2. Packing diagram of the title compound viewed along the c axis. |
C22H28F3N3OS2+·2Cl−·2(CH4O) | F(000) = 1208 |
Mr = 574.53 | Dx = 1.353 Mg m−3 |
Orthorhombic, Pca21 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: P 2c -2ac | Cell parameters from 13454 reflections |
a = 39.76 (2) Å | θ = 4.8–38.5° |
b = 9.952 (8) Å | µ = 0.35 mm−1 |
c = 7.127 (5) Å | T = 85 K |
V = 2820 (3) Å3 | Needle, colourless |
Z = 4 | 0.24 × 0.02 × 0.01 mm |
Oxford Diffraction Xcalibur PX κ-geometry diffractometer with CCD Onyx camera | 13922 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 10615 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite/ monochromator | Rint = 0.052 |
ω and φ scans | θmax = 38.6°, θmin = 4.8° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlis RED; Oxford Diffraction, 2007) | h = −69→64 |
Tmin = 0.850, Tmax = 1.000 | k = −17→15 |
43952 measured reflections | l = −12→10 |
Refinement on F2 | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
Least-squares matrix: full | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.084 | H-atom parameters constrained |
wR(F2) = 0.197 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.062P)2 + 4.274P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
S = 1.19 | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
13922 reflections | Δρmax = 1.25 e Å−3 |
330 parameters | Δρmin = −0.85 e Å−3 |
1 restraint | Absolute structure: Flack (1983), 5579 Friedel pairs |
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods | Absolute structure parameter: 0.09 (7) |
C22H28F3N3OS2+·2Cl−·2(CH4O) | V = 2820 (3) Å3 |
Mr = 574.53 | Z = 4 |
Orthorhombic, Pca21 | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 39.76 (2) Å | µ = 0.35 mm−1 |
b = 9.952 (8) Å | T = 85 K |
c = 7.127 (5) Å | 0.24 × 0.02 × 0.01 mm |
Oxford Diffraction Xcalibur PX κ-geometry diffractometer with CCD Onyx camera | 13922 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlis RED; Oxford Diffraction, 2007) | 10615 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.850, Tmax = 1.000 | Rint = 0.052 |
43952 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.084 | H-atom parameters constrained |
wR(F2) = 0.197 | Δρmax = 1.25 e Å−3 |
S = 1.19 | Δρmin = −0.85 e Å−3 |
13922 reflections | Absolute structure: Flack (1983), 5579 Friedel pairs |
330 parameters | Absolute structure parameter: 0.09 (7) |
1 restraint |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
S1 | 0.716794 (19) | 0.15955 (8) | 0.47197 (13) | 0.01988 (15) | |
C1 | 0.69059 (7) | 0.1626 (3) | 0.2720 (4) | 0.0141 (5) | |
C2 | 0.69591 (8) | 0.0733 (3) | 0.1245 (5) | 0.0186 (6) | |
H2 | 0.7139 | 0.0109 | 0.1301 | 0.022* | |
C3 | 0.67489 (8) | 0.0756 (3) | −0.0306 (5) | 0.0217 (6) | |
H3 | 0.6781 | 0.0136 | −0.1303 | 0.026* | |
C4 | 0.64910 (8) | 0.1692 (3) | −0.0392 (5) | 0.0218 (5) | |
H4 | 0.6347 | 0.1709 | −0.1456 | 0.026* | |
C5 | 0.64397 (7) | 0.2604 (3) | 0.1050 (5) | 0.0178 (5) | |
H5 | 0.6265 | 0.3251 | 0.0956 | 0.021* | |
C6 | 0.66444 (7) | 0.2571 (3) | 0.2641 (4) | 0.0131 (4) | |
N6 | 0.66034 (6) | 0.3468 (2) | 0.4191 (4) | 0.0154 (5) | |
C7 | 0.68982 (7) | 0.4120 (3) | 0.4788 (4) | 0.0146 (5) | |
C8 | 0.69142 (8) | 0.5497 (3) | 0.5105 (5) | 0.0176 (5) | |
H8 | 0.6722 | 0.6045 | 0.4893 | 0.021* | |
C9 | 0.72137 (8) | 0.6071 (3) | 0.5736 (5) | 0.0204 (6) | |
C10 | 0.75000 (9) | 0.5322 (3) | 0.5989 (5) | 0.0219 (6) | |
H10 | 0.7702 | 0.5731 | 0.6409 | 0.026* | |
C11 | 0.74876 (8) | 0.3957 (3) | 0.5618 (5) | 0.0208 (6) | |
H11 | 0.7686 | 0.3432 | 0.5746 | 0.025* | |
C12 | 0.71912 (7) | 0.3344 (3) | 0.5065 (4) | 0.0174 (5) | |
C13 | 0.72107 (9) | 0.7549 (4) | 0.6146 (6) | 0.0288 (8) | |
F13A | 0.75142 (7) | 0.8068 (2) | 0.6355 (6) | 0.0553 (10) | |
F13B | 0.70499 (8) | 0.8260 (2) | 0.4841 (5) | 0.0470 (7) | |
F13C | 0.70460 (9) | 0.7820 (3) | 0.7761 (5) | 0.0500 (8) | |
C14 | 0.62843 (7) | 0.4191 (3) | 0.4335 (5) | 0.0178 (5) | |
H14A | 0.6242 | 0.4684 | 0.3151 | 0.021* | |
H14B | 0.6299 | 0.4858 | 0.5363 | 0.021* | |
C15 | 0.59930 (7) | 0.3231 (3) | 0.4715 (5) | 0.0163 (5) | |
H15A | 0.5998 | 0.2482 | 0.3802 | 0.020* | |
H15B | 0.6013 | 0.2850 | 0.5993 | 0.020* | |
C16 | 0.56640 (6) | 0.4003 (2) | 0.4535 (5) | 0.0133 (4) | |
H16A | 0.5691 | 0.4910 | 0.5085 | 0.016* | |
H16B | 0.5607 | 0.4111 | 0.3192 | 0.016* | |
N16 | 0.53816 (6) | 0.3281 (2) | 0.5520 (3) | 0.0112 (4) | |
H16 | 0.5436 | 0.3238 | 0.6788 | 0.013* | |
C17 | 0.53309 (7) | 0.1872 (3) | 0.4842 (4) | 0.0142 (5) | |
H17A | 0.5541 | 0.1354 | 0.5009 | 0.017* | |
H17B | 0.5276 | 0.1882 | 0.3488 | 0.017* | |
C18 | 0.50516 (7) | 0.1208 (3) | 0.5911 (5) | 0.0146 (5) | |
H18A | 0.5022 | 0.0278 | 0.5447 | 0.018* | |
H18B | 0.5113 | 0.1160 | 0.7256 | 0.018* | |
N18 | 0.47276 (6) | 0.1961 (2) | 0.5704 (3) | 0.0108 (4) | |
H18 | 0.4676 | 0.2015 | 0.4433 | 0.013* | |
C19 | 0.47808 (7) | 0.3362 (3) | 0.6430 (4) | 0.0132 (4) | |
H19A | 0.4840 | 0.3327 | 0.7779 | 0.016* | |
H19B | 0.4570 | 0.3885 | 0.6296 | 0.016* | |
C20 | 0.50609 (6) | 0.4044 (2) | 0.5348 (4) | 0.0101 (4) | |
H20A | 0.4997 | 0.4111 | 0.4008 | 0.012* | |
H20B | 0.5093 | 0.4967 | 0.5835 | 0.012* | |
C21 | 0.44365 (7) | 0.1309 (3) | 0.6692 (4) | 0.0150 (5) | |
H21A | 0.4259 | 0.1990 | 0.6905 | 0.018* | |
H21B | 0.4512 | 0.0981 | 0.7933 | 0.018* | |
C22 | 0.42902 (8) | 0.0152 (3) | 0.5600 (5) | 0.0170 (5) | |
H22A | 0.4094 | −0.0220 | 0.6277 | 0.020* | |
H22B | 0.4214 | 0.0468 | 0.4355 | 0.020* | |
O22 | 0.45382 (7) | −0.0860 (2) | 0.5376 (4) | 0.0262 (5) | |
H22 | 0.4445 | −0.1616 | 0.5324 | 0.039* | |
O23 | 0.39180 (8) | 0.3725 (3) | 0.5576 (5) | 0.0333 (6) | |
H23 | 0.4001 | 0.4451 | 0.5190 | 0.050* | |
C23 | 0.36311 (18) | 0.3410 (7) | 0.4515 (13) | 0.071 (2) | |
H23A | 0.3484 | 0.4200 | 0.4441 | 0.106* | |
H23B | 0.3510 | 0.2669 | 0.5115 | 0.106* | |
H23C | 0.3699 | 0.3142 | 0.3247 | 0.106* | |
O24 | 0.40656 (6) | 0.0214 (2) | 0.0563 (4) | 0.0233 (5) | |
H24 | 0.4190 | 0.0875 | 0.0808 | 0.035* | |
C24 | 0.37321 (9) | 0.0675 (5) | 0.0181 (6) | 0.0335 (9) | |
H24A | 0.3639 | 0.1101 | 0.1306 | 0.050* | |
H24B | 0.3591 | −0.0090 | −0.0179 | 0.050* | |
H24C | 0.3738 | 0.1328 | −0.0847 | 0.050* | |
Cl1 | 0.459485 (19) | 0.24652 (8) | 0.15078 (11) | 0.01844 (13) | |
Cl2 | 0.562033 (17) | 0.38032 (7) | 0.94712 (10) | 0.01575 (12) |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
S1 | 0.0209 (3) | 0.0132 (3) | 0.0255 (4) | 0.0016 (2) | −0.0071 (3) | 0.0018 (3) |
C1 | 0.0136 (11) | 0.0084 (10) | 0.0203 (13) | −0.0007 (9) | −0.0001 (9) | 0.0013 (9) |
C2 | 0.0164 (11) | 0.0105 (11) | 0.0289 (17) | 0.0025 (9) | 0.0035 (11) | −0.0022 (10) |
C3 | 0.0259 (13) | 0.0161 (12) | 0.0230 (15) | 0.0017 (10) | 0.0032 (13) | −0.0057 (12) |
C4 | 0.0257 (13) | 0.0220 (13) | 0.0175 (13) | 0.0010 (11) | −0.0047 (12) | −0.0027 (13) |
C5 | 0.0160 (12) | 0.0170 (12) | 0.0203 (14) | 0.0028 (10) | −0.0017 (10) | −0.0001 (10) |
C6 | 0.0135 (10) | 0.0061 (9) | 0.0198 (13) | −0.0007 (8) | 0.0023 (9) | −0.0009 (9) |
N6 | 0.0128 (9) | 0.0112 (9) | 0.0223 (13) | 0.0003 (8) | 0.0018 (8) | −0.0045 (8) |
C7 | 0.0162 (10) | 0.0123 (10) | 0.0153 (12) | 0.0000 (8) | −0.0009 (9) | −0.0019 (9) |
C8 | 0.0164 (11) | 0.0110 (11) | 0.0253 (15) | −0.0001 (9) | 0.0000 (10) | −0.0015 (10) |
C9 | 0.0211 (13) | 0.0143 (12) | 0.0258 (15) | −0.0048 (10) | −0.0021 (12) | −0.0064 (11) |
C10 | 0.0200 (13) | 0.0205 (14) | 0.0253 (16) | −0.0021 (11) | −0.0043 (12) | −0.0034 (12) |
C11 | 0.0181 (12) | 0.0198 (14) | 0.0246 (15) | 0.0008 (10) | −0.0057 (11) | −0.0019 (12) |
C12 | 0.0163 (11) | 0.0175 (12) | 0.0184 (14) | 0.0012 (10) | −0.0041 (10) | −0.0004 (10) |
C13 | 0.0258 (15) | 0.0192 (15) | 0.041 (2) | −0.0062 (12) | 0.0014 (14) | −0.0085 (15) |
F13A | 0.0261 (11) | 0.0234 (11) | 0.116 (3) | −0.0107 (10) | 0.0014 (16) | −0.0251 (15) |
F13B | 0.0628 (17) | 0.0125 (9) | 0.066 (2) | −0.0013 (10) | −0.0150 (16) | −0.0016 (11) |
F13C | 0.066 (2) | 0.0277 (13) | 0.0561 (19) | −0.0046 (13) | 0.0231 (16) | −0.0180 (13) |
C14 | 0.0139 (10) | 0.0171 (12) | 0.0224 (14) | 0.0014 (9) | 0.0035 (11) | −0.0034 (11) |
C15 | 0.0135 (10) | 0.0122 (10) | 0.0233 (14) | 0.0015 (8) | 0.0036 (10) | −0.0010 (11) |
C16 | 0.0135 (10) | 0.0110 (10) | 0.0153 (11) | 0.0004 (7) | 0.0025 (10) | −0.0001 (10) |
N16 | 0.0117 (9) | 0.0114 (9) | 0.0104 (9) | 0.0011 (7) | −0.0015 (7) | −0.0008 (8) |
C17 | 0.0143 (10) | 0.0095 (10) | 0.0187 (13) | 0.0009 (8) | −0.0010 (9) | −0.0022 (9) |
C18 | 0.0161 (11) | 0.0062 (9) | 0.0216 (13) | 0.0014 (8) | −0.0022 (10) | −0.0014 (9) |
N18 | 0.0133 (9) | 0.0072 (8) | 0.0118 (10) | 0.0012 (7) | −0.0008 (8) | 0.0006 (7) |
C19 | 0.0155 (10) | 0.0084 (9) | 0.0156 (11) | −0.0011 (8) | 0.0013 (9) | −0.0011 (9) |
C20 | 0.0140 (10) | 0.0037 (9) | 0.0127 (11) | 0.0007 (7) | −0.0002 (8) | 0.0011 (7) |
C21 | 0.0168 (11) | 0.0126 (11) | 0.0157 (12) | −0.0032 (9) | 0.0031 (9) | 0.0008 (9) |
C22 | 0.0212 (12) | 0.0118 (11) | 0.0179 (13) | −0.0033 (9) | 0.0008 (10) | 0.0016 (10) |
O22 | 0.0263 (11) | 0.0120 (9) | 0.0404 (15) | −0.0039 (8) | 0.0014 (11) | −0.0060 (10) |
O23 | 0.0375 (15) | 0.0228 (13) | 0.0394 (17) | −0.0038 (11) | −0.0043 (13) | 0.0034 (12) |
C23 | 0.080 (4) | 0.055 (3) | 0.077 (4) | −0.036 (3) | −0.038 (4) | 0.013 (3) |
O24 | 0.0189 (10) | 0.0157 (10) | 0.0353 (14) | −0.0021 (8) | 0.0012 (10) | −0.0041 (10) |
C24 | 0.0175 (14) | 0.045 (2) | 0.038 (2) | 0.0028 (15) | 0.0015 (14) | −0.0069 (17) |
Cl1 | 0.0254 (3) | 0.0182 (3) | 0.0118 (2) | −0.0055 (3) | −0.0041 (3) | 0.0017 (2) |
Cl2 | 0.0212 (3) | 0.0131 (2) | 0.0129 (3) | 0.0022 (2) | −0.0034 (2) | −0.0012 (2) |
S1—C12 | 1.760 (4) | C16—H16B | 0.9900 |
S1—C1 | 1.766 (3) | N16—C20 | 1.489 (3) |
C1—C2 | 1.393 (4) | N16—C17 | 1.497 (4) |
C1—C6 | 1.403 (4) | N16—H16 | 0.9300 |
C2—C3 | 1.386 (5) | C17—C18 | 1.500 (4) |
C2—H2 | 0.9500 | C17—H17A | 0.9900 |
C3—C4 | 1.387 (4) | C17—H17B | 0.9900 |
C3—H3 | 0.9500 | C18—N18 | 1.498 (4) |
C4—C5 | 1.386 (5) | C18—H18A | 0.9900 |
C4—H4 | 0.9500 | C18—H18B | 0.9900 |
C5—C6 | 1.396 (4) | N18—C19 | 1.502 (4) |
C5—H5 | 0.9500 | N18—C21 | 1.502 (4) |
C6—N6 | 1.430 (4) | N18—H18 | 0.9300 |
N6—C7 | 1.406 (4) | C19—C20 | 1.516 (4) |
N6—C14 | 1.462 (4) | C19—H19A | 0.9900 |
C7—C8 | 1.390 (4) | C19—H19B | 0.9900 |
C7—C12 | 1.412 (4) | C20—H20A | 0.9900 |
C8—C9 | 1.395 (4) | C20—H20B | 0.9900 |
C8—H8 | 0.9500 | C21—C22 | 1.507 (4) |
C9—C10 | 1.373 (5) | C21—H21A | 0.9900 |
C9—C13 | 1.499 (5) | C21—H21B | 0.9900 |
C10—C11 | 1.385 (5) | C22—O22 | 1.418 (4) |
C10—H10 | 0.9500 | C22—H22A | 0.9900 |
C11—C12 | 1.385 (4) | C22—H22B | 0.9900 |
C11—H11 | 0.9500 | O22—H22 | 0.8400 |
C13—F13A | 1.321 (4) | O23—C23 | 1.404 (7) |
C13—F13B | 1.332 (5) | O23—H23 | 0.8400 |
C13—F13C | 1.352 (5) | C23—H23A | 0.9800 |
C14—C15 | 1.526 (4) | C23—H23B | 0.9800 |
C14—H14A | 0.9900 | C23—H23C | 0.9800 |
C14—H14B | 0.9900 | O24—C24 | 1.429 (4) |
C15—C16 | 1.522 (4) | O24—H24 | 0.8400 |
C15—H15A | 0.9900 | C24—H24A | 0.9800 |
C15—H15B | 0.9900 | C24—H24B | 0.9800 |
C16—N16 | 1.507 (4) | C24—H24C | 0.9800 |
C16—H16A | 0.9900 | ||
C12—S1—C1 | 97.29 (14) | C20—N16—C17 | 109.6 (2) |
C2—C1—C6 | 120.6 (3) | C20—N16—C16 | 110.9 (2) |
C2—C1—S1 | 120.6 (2) | C17—N16—C16 | 113.4 (2) |
C6—C1—S1 | 118.8 (2) | C20—N16—H16 | 107.6 |
C3—C2—C1 | 120.0 (3) | C17—N16—H16 | 107.6 |
C3—C2—H2 | 120.0 | C16—N16—H16 | 107.6 |
C1—C2—H2 | 120.0 | N16—C17—C18 | 110.4 (2) |
C2—C3—C4 | 119.5 (3) | N16—C17—H17A | 109.6 |
C2—C3—H3 | 120.3 | C18—C17—H17A | 109.6 |
C4—C3—H3 | 120.3 | N16—C17—H17B | 109.6 |
C5—C4—C3 | 121.1 (3) | C18—C17—H17B | 109.6 |
C5—C4—H4 | 119.5 | H17A—C17—H17B | 108.1 |
C3—C4—H4 | 119.5 | N18—C18—C17 | 111.5 (2) |
C4—C5—C6 | 120.1 (3) | N18—C18—H18A | 109.3 |
C4—C5—H5 | 120.0 | C17—C18—H18A | 109.3 |
C6—C5—H5 | 120.0 | N18—C18—H18B | 109.3 |
C5—C6—C1 | 118.7 (3) | C17—C18—H18B | 109.3 |
C5—C6—N6 | 123.1 (3) | H18A—C18—H18B | 108.0 |
C1—C6—N6 | 118.2 (3) | C18—N18—C19 | 108.0 (2) |
C7—N6—C6 | 115.3 (2) | C18—N18—C21 | 113.6 (2) |
C7—N6—C14 | 118.4 (2) | C19—N18—C21 | 110.3 (2) |
C6—N6—C14 | 117.4 (2) | C18—N18—H18 | 108.2 |
C8—C7—N6 | 122.8 (3) | C19—N18—H18 | 108.2 |
C8—C7—C12 | 118.6 (3) | C21—N18—H18 | 108.2 |
N6—C7—C12 | 118.6 (3) | N18—C19—C20 | 110.1 (2) |
C7—C8—C9 | 119.7 (3) | N18—C19—H19A | 109.6 |
C7—C8—H8 | 120.2 | C20—C19—H19A | 109.6 |
C9—C8—H8 | 120.2 | N18—C19—H19B | 109.6 |
C10—C9—C8 | 121.9 (3) | C20—C19—H19B | 109.6 |
C10—C9—C13 | 120.9 (3) | H19A—C19—H19B | 108.1 |
C8—C9—C13 | 117.2 (3) | N16—C20—C19 | 111.0 (2) |
C9—C10—C11 | 118.6 (3) | N16—C20—H20A | 109.4 |
C9—C10—H10 | 120.7 | C19—C20—H20A | 109.4 |
C11—C10—H10 | 120.7 | N16—C20—H20B | 109.4 |
C12—C11—C10 | 121.1 (3) | C19—C20—H20B | 109.4 |
C12—C11—H11 | 119.5 | H20A—C20—H20B | 108.0 |
C10—C11—H11 | 119.5 | N18—C21—C22 | 112.7 (2) |
C11—C12—C7 | 120.1 (3) | N18—C21—H21A | 109.1 |
C11—C12—S1 | 121.3 (2) | C22—C21—H21A | 109.1 |
C7—C12—S1 | 118.6 (2) | N18—C21—H21B | 109.1 |
F13A—C13—F13B | 108.0 (4) | C22—C21—H21B | 109.1 |
F13A—C13—F13C | 105.6 (3) | H21A—C21—H21B | 107.8 |
F13B—C13—F13C | 104.8 (3) | O22—C22—C21 | 109.4 (3) |
F13A—C13—C9 | 113.5 (3) | O22—C22—H22A | 109.8 |
F13B—C13—C9 | 112.9 (3) | C21—C22—H22A | 109.8 |
F13C—C13—C9 | 111.4 (3) | O22—C22—H22B | 109.8 |
N6—C14—C15 | 111.3 (2) | C21—C22—H22B | 109.8 |
N6—C14—H14A | 109.4 | H22A—C22—H22B | 108.2 |
C15—C14—H14A | 109.4 | C22—O22—H22 | 109.5 |
N6—C14—H14B | 109.4 | C23—O23—H23 | 109.5 |
C15—C14—H14B | 109.4 | O23—C23—H23A | 109.5 |
H14A—C14—H14B | 108.0 | O23—C23—H23B | 109.5 |
C16—C15—C14 | 108.8 (2) | H23A—C23—H23B | 109.5 |
C16—C15—H15A | 109.9 | O23—C23—H23C | 109.5 |
C14—C15—H15A | 109.9 | H23A—C23—H23C | 109.5 |
C16—C15—H15B | 109.9 | H23B—C23—H23C | 109.5 |
C14—C15—H15B | 109.9 | C24—O24—H24 | 109.5 |
H15A—C15—H15B | 108.3 | O24—C24—H24A | 109.5 |
N16—C16—C15 | 111.1 (2) | O24—C24—H24B | 109.5 |
N16—C16—H16A | 109.4 | H24A—C24—H24B | 109.5 |
C15—C16—H16A | 109.4 | O24—C24—H24C | 109.5 |
N16—C16—H16B | 109.4 | H24A—C24—H24C | 109.5 |
C15—C16—H16B | 109.4 | H24B—C24—H24C | 109.5 |
H16A—C16—H16B | 108.0 | ||
C12—S1—C1—C2 | 141.0 (3) | N6—C7—C12—C11 | 178.8 (3) |
C12—S1—C1—C6 | −38.6 (3) | C8—C7—C12—S1 | 178.4 (2) |
C6—C1—C2—C3 | −1.2 (4) | N6—C7—C12—S1 | −2.0 (4) |
S1—C1—C2—C3 | 179.2 (2) | C1—S1—C12—C11 | −141.1 (3) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | 1.4 (5) | C1—S1—C12—C7 | 39.8 (3) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | −0.1 (5) | C10—C9—C13—F13A | 13.7 (6) |
C3—C4—C5—C6 | −1.4 (5) | C8—C9—C13—F13A | −166.8 (4) |
C4—C5—C6—C1 | 1.6 (4) | C10—C9—C13—F13B | 137.1 (4) |
C4—C5—C6—N6 | −179.2 (3) | C8—C9—C13—F13B | −43.4 (5) |
C2—C1—C6—C5 | −0.3 (4) | C10—C9—C13—F13C | −105.3 (4) |
S1—C1—C6—C5 | 179.3 (2) | C8—C9—C13—F13C | 74.2 (5) |
C2—C1—C6—N6 | −179.5 (3) | C7—N6—C14—C15 | −148.0 (3) |
S1—C1—C6—N6 | 0.1 (4) | C6—N6—C14—C15 | 66.1 (4) |
C5—C6—N6—C7 | −130.1 (3) | N6—C14—C15—C16 | −170.9 (3) |
C1—C6—N6—C7 | 49.0 (4) | C14—C15—C16—N16 | −160.3 (3) |
C5—C6—N6—C14 | 16.7 (4) | C15—C16—N16—C20 | 179.7 (2) |
C1—C6—N6—C14 | −164.1 (3) | C15—C16—N16—C17 | −56.5 (3) |
C6—N6—C7—C8 | 131.6 (3) | C20—N16—C17—C18 | −56.8 (3) |
C14—N6—C7—C8 | −14.9 (5) | C16—N16—C17—C18 | 178.8 (2) |
C6—N6—C7—C12 | −47.9 (4) | N16—C17—C18—N18 | 59.1 (3) |
C14—N6—C7—C12 | 165.6 (3) | C17—C18—N18—C19 | −59.3 (3) |
N6—C7—C8—C9 | 178.6 (3) | C17—C18—N18—C21 | 177.9 (2) |
C12—C7—C8—C9 | −1.9 (5) | C18—N18—C19—C20 | 58.7 (3) |
C7—C8—C9—C10 | 2.6 (5) | C21—N18—C19—C20 | −176.6 (2) |
C7—C8—C9—C13 | −177.0 (3) | C17—N16—C20—C19 | 57.3 (3) |
C8—C9—C10—C11 | −0.6 (6) | C16—N16—C20—C19 | −176.8 (2) |
C13—C9—C10—C11 | 179.0 (3) | N18—C19—C20—N16 | −59.3 (3) |
C9—C10—C11—C12 | −2.1 (6) | C18—N18—C21—C22 | −79.5 (3) |
C10—C11—C12—C7 | 2.8 (5) | C19—N18—C21—C22 | 159.0 (2) |
C10—C11—C12—S1 | −176.4 (3) | N18—C21—C22—O22 | 61.8 (3) |
C8—C7—C12—C11 | −0.7 (5) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N16—H16···Cl2 | 0.93 | 2.12 | 3.017 (3) | 161 |
N18—H18···Cl1 | 0.93 | 2.16 | 3.078 (3) | 171 |
O24—H24···Cl1 | 0.84 | 2.31 | 3.147 (3) | 172 |
O22—H22···Cl2i | 0.84 | 2.27 | 3.065 (3) | 157 |
O23—H23···Cl2ii | 0.84 | 2.36 | 3.169 (3) | 163 |
C18—H18A···O22 | 0.99 | 2.23 | 2.924 (4) | 126 |
C21—H21A···O23 | 0.99 | 2.39 | 3.266 (5) | 147 |
C2—H2···F13Aiii | 0.95 | 2.45 | 3.381 (4) | 165 |
C14—H14A···O23ii | 0.99 | 2.51 | 3.482 (5) | 169 |
C17—H17A···O24iv | 0.99 | 2.24 | 3.215 (4) | 166 |
C17—H17B···O22i | 0.99 | 2.55 | 3.379 (5) | 141 |
C16—H16B···Cl2v | 0.99 | 2.67 | 3.619 (4) | 161 |
C19—H19B···Cl2ii | 0.99 | 2.75 | 3.529 (3) | 136 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, −y, z−1/2; (ii) −x+1, −y+1, z−1/2; (iii) −x+3/2, y−1, z−1/2; (iv) −x+1, −y, z+1/2; (v) x, y, z−1. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C22H28F3N3OS2+·2Cl−·2(CH4O) |
Mr | 574.53 |
Crystal system, space group | Orthorhombic, Pca21 |
Temperature (K) | 85 |
a, b, c (Å) | 39.76 (2), 9.952 (8), 7.127 (5) |
V (Å3) | 2820 (3) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.35 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.24 × 0.02 × 0.01 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Oxford Diffraction Xcalibur PX κ-geometry diffractometer with CCD Onyx camera |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (CrysAlis RED; Oxford Diffraction, 2007) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.850, 1.000 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 43952, 13922, 10615 |
Rint | 0.052 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.878 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.084, 0.197, 1.19 |
No. of reflections | 13922 |
No. of parameters | 330 |
No. of restraints | 1 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 1.25, −0.85 |
Absolute structure | Flack (1983), 5579 Friedel pairs |
Absolute structure parameter | 0.09 (7) |
Computer programs: CrysAlis CCD (Oxford Diffraction, 2007), CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2007), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), XP in SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N16—H16···Cl2 | 0.93 | 2.12 | 3.017 (3) | 160.5 |
N18—H18···Cl1 | 0.93 | 2.16 | 3.078 (3) | 170.5 |
O24—H24···Cl1 | 0.84 | 2.31 | 3.147 (3) | 171.5 |
O22—H22···Cl2i | 0.84 | 2.27 | 3.065 (3) | 156.8 |
O23—H23···Cl2ii | 0.84 | 2.36 | 3.169 (3) | 162.8 |
C18—H18A···O22 | 0.99 | 2.23 | 2.924 (4) | 125.9 |
C21—H21A···O23 | 0.99 | 2.39 | 3.266 (5) | 146.9 |
C2—H2···F13Aiii | 0.95 | 2.45 | 3.381 (4) | 165.0 |
C14—H14A···O23ii | 0.99 | 2.51 | 3.482 (5) | 168.5 |
C17—H17A···O24iv | 0.99 | 2.24 | 3.215 (4) | 166.4 |
C17—H17B···O22i | 0.99 | 2.55 | 3.379 (5) | 141.2 |
C16—H16B···Cl2v | 0.99 | 2.67 | 3.619 (4) | 160.7 |
C19—H19B···Cl2ii | 0.99 | 2.75 | 3.529 (3) | 136.0 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, −y, z−1/2; (ii) −x+1, −y+1, z−1/2; (iii) −x+3/2, y−1, z−1/2; (iv) −x+1, −y, z+1/2; (v) x, y, z−1. |
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Polish Ministry of Sciences and Higher Education (grant Nos. N N204 150440 and N N204 150338) and the European Social Funds (ESF) in the areas of Human Capital Strategy Program and the Marshal's Office of Lower Silesia.
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Fluphenazine (2-(4-(3-(2-(trifluoromethyl)-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propyl) piperazin-1-yl)ethanol)) (FPh) belongs to one of the oldest and the biggest family of antipsychotic drugs known as phenothiazines (Ohlow & Moosmann, 2011). Apart from its application in the treatment of many psychoses (mainly schizophrenia, mania and paranoid syndromes), it exhibits also a broad spectrum of biological effects, among them the anti-MDR (multidrug resistance) potency. (Gasiorowski et al., 2001; Szabó et al., 1999). Due to the anti-MDR activity of phenothiazines is strictly correlated with their structure (Tsakovska & Pajeva, 2006; Ford et al., 1988), the aim of our work is to characterize the solid state structure of fluphenazine. In the crystal structure of I (Fig. 1), the dihedral angle between the planes of the two outer benzene rings of the phenothiazine system known as 'butterfly angle', correlates with values find for phenothiazines with high biological activity (Dahl et al., 1986; McDowell, 1978; Yathirajan et al., 2007). The piperazine ring adopts a chair conformation, as in the case before reported fluphenazine dipicrate (Dutkiewicz et al., 2010), described by the Cremer & Pople (1975) puckering parameters q2 = 0.019 Å, φ2 = 13.9°, q3 = -0.593 Å, Q = 0.593 Å, θ = 178.2°. The crystal structure is stabilized by O—H···Cl, N—H···Cl, C—H···O, C—H···Cl and C—H···F hydrogen bonds and contacts (Table 1 and Fig. 2), that are very similar to those in trifluperazine dihydrochloride (McDowell, 1980).