metal-organic compounds
Redetermination of (D-penicillaminato)lead(II)
aDepartment of Chemistry, The University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
*Correspondence e-mail: faridehj@ucalgary.ca
In the title coordination polymer, [Pb(C5H9NO2S)]n {systematic name: catena-poly[(μ-2-amino-3-methyl-3-sulfidobutanoato)lead(II)]}, the D-penicillaminate ligand coordinates to the metal ion in an N,S,O-tridentate mode. The S atom acts as a bridge to two neighbouring PbII ions, thereby forming a double thiolate chain. Moreover, the coordinating carboxylate O atom forms bridges to the PbII ions in the adjacent chain. The overall coordination sphere of the PbII ion can be described as a highly distorted pentagonal bipyramid with a void in the equatorial plane between the long Pb—S bonds probably occupied by the stereochemically active inert electron pair. The amino H atoms form N—H⋯S and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, resulting in a cluster of four complex units, giving rise to an R44(16) ring lying in the ab plane. The of the title compound has been reported previously [Freeman et al. (1974). Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. pp. 366–367] but the atomic coordinates have not been deposited in the Cambridge Structural Database (refcode DPENPB). Additional details of the hydrogen bonding are presented here.
Related literature
For an earlier characterization of the title compound, see: Freeman et al. (1974). For neurotoxic effects of Pb, see: Needleman (2004); Bressler et al. (1999); Godwin (2001). For treatments of lead(II) poisoning, see: Sinicropi et al. (2010); Casas & Sordo (2006). For graph-set notation, see: Bernstein et al. (1994).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Data collection: COLLECT (Hooft, 1998); cell DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997); data reduction: SCALEPACK (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 1997); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97.
Supporting information
10.1107/S1600536812011877/hb6608sup1.cif
contains datablocks global, I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536812011877/hb6608Isup2.hkl
To a solution of 2 mmol penicillamine (H2Pen) in boiled O2-free water, 1 mmol Pb(NO3)2 was added, forming a white precipitate, which was dissolved by adding 2 and 6 M NaOH solution, increasing the pH to 11.2; [Pb2+] = 0.1 M. After several days in the refrigerator colorless plates formed.
All H atoms were positioned geometrically and refined using a riding model, with N—H = 0.92 Å and C—H = 0.98 and 1.00 Å, for methyl and methylene H-atoms, respectively, and the Uiso(H) were allowed at 1.5Ueq(N/C). An
was determined using 966 Friedel pairs of reflections which were not merged; the was 0.03 (2) (Flack, 1983). The largest residual peaks in the final difference map were located in the close proximity of the Pb atom and may be attributed to inadequate absorption correction.Lead is a serious environmental contaminant. The extensive use of lead as metal and in lead compounds into modern times, e. g., in alkyl lead additives in leaded gasoline, battery manufacturing and in paints, has made lead a ubiquitous pollutant in the ecosystem. The soluble PbII ion with its 5 d10 6 s2
in the valence shell has a very flexible coordination behaviour. It is a neurotoxic heavy metal ion that perturbs multiple enzyme systems affecting areas of the brain that regulate behavior and nerve cell development and any site with sulfhydryl groups is vulnerable (Needleman, 2004). In particular Zn(II) can be replaced in enzymes, e. g., inhibiting the heme biosynthetic pathway, even though the effective ionic radius in four-coordination of the soft PbII ion (0.98 Å) is significantly larger than that of ZnII (0.60 Å). PbII can also adapt to replace Ca(II) in bone (Bressler et al., 1999; Godwin, 2001).Treatments of lead(II) poisoning are mainly based on using chelators that form strong bonds to heavy metal ions, such as the disodium salt of the calcium edta complex (CaNa2edta) and dimercaprol (BAL), which are injected, and DMSA (meso-2, 3-dimercaptosuccinic acid) and D-penicillamine (H2Pen), which are administered orally (Sinicropi et al., 2010; Casas & Sordo, 2006).
The binding of PbII to the tridentate chelator H2Pen containing a sulfhydryl group is of interest for better understanding of the coordination behaviour in biological systems and for the design of specific detoxifying agents. The coordination geometry around the PbII ion in the crystalline title compound (PbPen), which precipitates in a wide pH range from penicillamine solutions containing lead(II) ions, was previously discussed by Freeman et al., (1974). However, the atomic coordinates of the
were not reported, nor deposited in the Cambridge Structural Database (refcode: DPENPB]. Here, we report the of PbPen, and also discuss the Pb—Pb distances in this polymeric structure with double bridged thiolate chains.Mixing Pb(NO3)2 and D-penicillamine in 1:2 molar ratio resulted in a 1:1 complex, PbPen, formed in an alkaline solution. The ligand is coordinated to the PbII ion in a tridentate mode: Pb—N 2.444 (9) Å, Pb—O 2.451 (7) Å and Pb—S 2.714 (2) Å (Fig. 1). The sulfur atom acts as a bridge with Pb—S distances of 3.091 (2) and 3.464 (2) Å to two other neighbouring PbII ions located at 4.363 Å relative to the original PbII ion, forming a double thiolate chain in a polymeric structure. Moreover, the coordinated carboxylate oxygen atom forms bridges to the lead ions (Pb—O 2.720 (7) Å) in the adjacent chain with two PbII ions at 4.663 Å relative to the central PbII ion (Fig. 2). The coordination sphere of lead can be described as a distorted pentagonal bipyramid if the Pb—O interactions to the carboxylate oxygen atoms are considered as axial interaction opposite the short Pb—S bond (2.714 (2) Å), and also including a possible stereochemically active inert electron pair in the void in the equatorial plane between the two long Pb—S interactions, 3.091 (2) Å and 3.464 (2) Å (Fig. 3) (Freeman et al., 1974).
The amino H-atoms of the title complex are hydrogen bonded to a S-atom (N1—H1B···S1) along the a-axis and an O-atom (N1—H1A···O2) along the b-axis resulting in a cluster of four complex units giving rise to a 16-membered ring in the ab-plane which can be best described as a R44(16) motif in the graph set notation (Bernstein et al., 1994) (Fig. 4).
For an earlier characterization of the title compound, see: Freeman et al. (1974). For neurotoxic effects of Pb, see: Needleman (2004); Bressler et al. (1999); Godwin (2001). For treatments of lead(II) poisoning, see: Sinicropi et al. (2010); Casas & Sordo (2006). For graph-set notation, see: (Bernstein et al. 1994).
Data collection: COLLECT (Hooft, 1998); cell
DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997); data reduction: SCALEPACK (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 1997); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008).[Pb(C5H9NO2S)] | F(000) = 320 |
Mr = 354.38 | Dx = 3.118 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P21 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: P 2yb | Cell parameters from 2175 reflections |
a = 6.251 (4) Å | θ = 3.4–30.0° |
b = 6.179 (3) Å | µ = 22.56 mm−1 |
c = 10.259 (6) Å | T = 123 K |
β = 107.72 (2)° | Plate, colorless |
V = 377.5 (4) Å3 | 0.06 × 0.05 × 0.02 mm |
Z = 2 |
Nonius KappaCCD diffractometer | 2157 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 2027 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.059 |
ω and φ scans | θmax = 30.0°, θmin = 3.4° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SORTAV; Blessing, 1997) | h = −8→8 |
Tmin = 0.345, Tmax = 0.661 | k = −8→8 |
6589 measured reflections | l = −14→14 |
Refinement on F2 | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
Least-squares matrix: full | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.032 | H-atom parameters constrained |
wR(F2) = 0.085 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0541P)2 + 1.7279P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
S = 1.09 | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
2157 reflections | Δρmax = 2.76 e Å−3 |
93 parameters | Δρmin = −3.17 e Å−3 |
1 restraint | Absolute structure: Flack (1983), 966 Friedel pairs |
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods | Absolute structure parameter: 0.03 (2) |
[Pb(C5H9NO2S)] | V = 377.5 (4) Å3 |
Mr = 354.38 | Z = 2 |
Monoclinic, P21 | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 6.251 (4) Å | µ = 22.56 mm−1 |
b = 6.179 (3) Å | T = 123 K |
c = 10.259 (6) Å | 0.06 × 0.05 × 0.02 mm |
β = 107.72 (2)° |
Nonius KappaCCD diffractometer | 2157 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SORTAV; Blessing, 1997) | 2027 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.345, Tmax = 0.661 | Rint = 0.059 |
6589 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.032 | H-atom parameters constrained |
wR(F2) = 0.085 | Δρmax = 2.76 e Å−3 |
S = 1.09 | Δρmin = −3.17 e Å−3 |
2157 reflections | Absolute structure: Flack (1983), 966 Friedel pairs |
93 parameters | Absolute structure parameter: 0.03 (2) |
1 restraint |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
Pb1 | 0.70681 (4) | 0.20419 (12) | 0.44819 (2) | 0.01059 (9) | |
S1 | 0.4620 (3) | 0.2363 (4) | 0.6251 (2) | 0.0123 (5) | |
O1 | 0.9300 (11) | 0.4969 (11) | 0.5855 (7) | 0.0145 (13) | |
O2 | 1.0202 (11) | 0.6382 (11) | 0.7971 (7) | 0.0162 (13) | |
N1 | 0.9562 (13) | 0.0937 (13) | 0.6716 (9) | 0.0152 (16) | |
H1A | 0.9180 | −0.0416 | 0.6949 | 0.018* | |
H1B | 1.1032 | 0.0912 | 0.6715 | 0.018* | |
C1 | 0.6876 (13) | 0.2355 (15) | 0.7921 (9) | 0.0103 (18) | |
C2 | 0.9226 (13) | 0.2620 (12) | 0.7695 (9) | 0.0091 (16) | |
H2 | 1.0399 | 0.2389 | 0.8596 | 0.011* | |
C3 | 0.9615 (14) | 0.4861 (15) | 0.7162 (9) | 0.0106 (16) | |
C4 | 0.645 (2) | 0.410 (2) | 0.8842 (13) | 0.014 (2) | |
H4A | 0.7584 | 0.3999 | 0.9743 | 0.017* | |
H4B | 0.4954 | 0.3902 | 0.8940 | 0.017* | |
H4C | 0.6544 | 0.5519 | 0.8441 | 0.017* | |
C5 | 0.680 (2) | 0.016 (2) | 0.8594 (14) | 0.018 (2) | |
H5A | 0.8064 | 0.0049 | 0.9436 | 0.021* | |
H5B | 0.6895 | −0.0998 | 0.7964 | 0.021* | |
H5C | 0.5384 | 0.0031 | 0.8816 | 0.021* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
Pb1 | 0.00940 (13) | 0.01069 (14) | 0.01203 (14) | 0.0004 (2) | 0.00381 (9) | 0.0000 (2) |
S1 | 0.0067 (7) | 0.0167 (15) | 0.0139 (8) | 0.0002 (8) | 0.0039 (6) | −0.0002 (9) |
O1 | 0.013 (3) | 0.016 (3) | 0.015 (3) | −0.001 (2) | 0.005 (2) | 0.002 (3) |
O2 | 0.021 (3) | 0.012 (3) | 0.016 (3) | −0.005 (2) | 0.006 (3) | −0.002 (2) |
N1 | 0.011 (3) | 0.011 (4) | 0.025 (4) | 0.003 (3) | 0.008 (3) | 0.001 (3) |
C1 | 0.012 (3) | 0.008 (5) | 0.012 (3) | 0.001 (3) | 0.005 (3) | 0.005 (3) |
C2 | 0.004 (3) | 0.010 (4) | 0.011 (4) | 0.000 (2) | −0.001 (3) | −0.006 (3) |
C3 | 0.003 (3) | 0.014 (4) | 0.015 (4) | 0.000 (3) | 0.002 (3) | 0.003 (3) |
C4 | 0.015 (5) | 0.016 (5) | 0.014 (5) | −0.002 (4) | 0.009 (4) | −0.006 (4) |
C5 | 0.017 (5) | 0.015 (5) | 0.025 (6) | −0.002 (4) | 0.011 (4) | −0.003 (4) |
Pb1—N1 | 2.444 (9) | N1—H1B | 0.9200 |
Pb1—O1 | 2.451 (7) | C1—C4 | 1.507 (15) |
Pb1—S1 | 2.714 (2) | C1—C5 | 1.528 (16) |
Pb1—O1i | 2.719 (7) | C1—C2 | 1.564 (11) |
Pb1—S1ii | 3.091 (3) | C2—C3 | 1.535 (12) |
Pb1—S1iii | 3.465 (3) | C2—H2 | 1.0000 |
S1—Pb1iii | 3.091 (3) | C4—H4A | 0.9800 |
S1—C1 | 1.858 (9) | C4—H4B | 0.9800 |
O1—C3 | 1.297 (11) | C4—H4C | 0.9800 |
O1—Pb1iv | 2.719 (7) | C5—H5A | 0.9800 |
O2—C3 | 1.233 (11) | C5—H5B | 0.9800 |
N1—C2 | 1.504 (11) | C5—H5C | 0.9800 |
N1—H1A | 0.9200 | ||
N1—Pb1—O1 | 65.0 (3) | C4—C1—S1 | 110.3 (7) |
N1—Pb1—S1 | 73.8 (2) | C5—C1—S1 | 107.4 (7) |
O1—Pb1—S1 | 84.25 (17) | C2—C1—S1 | 110.3 (6) |
N1—Pb1—O1i | 70.7 (2) | N1—C2—C3 | 108.5 (7) |
O1—Pb1—O1i | 93.98 (13) | N1—C2—C1 | 110.8 (7) |
S1—Pb1—O1i | 141.45 (16) | C3—C2—C1 | 113.9 (7) |
N1—Pb1—S1ii | 92.28 (19) | N1—C2—H2 | 107.8 |
O1—Pb1—S1ii | 157.30 (16) | C3—C2—H2 | 107.8 |
S1—Pb1—S1ii | 90.61 (6) | C1—C2—H2 | 107.8 |
O1i—Pb1—S1ii | 76.40 (15) | O2—C3—O1 | 125.2 (9) |
C1—S1—Pb1 | 101.1 (3) | O2—C3—C2 | 119.7 (8) |
C1—S1—Pb1iii | 109.5 (3) | O1—C3—C2 | 115.1 (8) |
Pb1—S1—Pb1iii | 97.24 (7) | C1—C4—H4A | 109.5 |
C3—O1—Pb1 | 115.9 (6) | C1—C4—H4B | 109.5 |
C3—O1—Pb1iv | 106.6 (5) | H4A—C4—H4B | 109.5 |
Pb1—O1—Pb1iv | 128.8 (3) | C1—C4—H4C | 109.5 |
C2—N1—Pb1 | 104.7 (5) | H4A—C4—H4C | 109.5 |
C2—N1—H1A | 110.8 | H4B—C4—H4C | 109.5 |
Pb1—N1—H1A | 110.8 | C1—C5—H5A | 109.5 |
C2—N1—H1B | 110.8 | C1—C5—H5B | 109.5 |
Pb1—N1—H1B | 110.8 | H5A—C5—H5B | 109.5 |
H1A—N1—H1B | 108.9 | C1—C5—H5C | 109.5 |
C4—C1—C5 | 108.3 (8) | H5A—C5—H5C | 109.5 |
C4—C1—C2 | 111.7 (8) | H5B—C5—H5C | 109.5 |
C5—C1—C2 | 108.7 (8) | ||
N1—Pb1—S1—C1 | 17.3 (4) | Pb1iii—S1—C1—C4 | 32.8 (7) |
O1—Pb1—S1—C1 | −48.4 (4) | Pb1—S1—C1—C5 | −107.5 (6) |
O1i—Pb1—S1—C1 | 40.8 (4) | Pb1iii—S1—C1—C5 | 150.6 (6) |
S1ii—Pb1—S1—C1 | 109.5 (3) | Pb1—S1—C1—C2 | 10.8 (6) |
N1—Pb1—S1—Pb1iii | 128.8 (2) | Pb1iii—S1—C1—C2 | −91.1 (6) |
O1—Pb1—S1—Pb1iii | 63.19 (17) | Pb1—N1—C2—C3 | −53.8 (7) |
O1i—Pb1—S1—Pb1iii | 152.4 (2) | Pb1—N1—C2—C1 | 71.9 (7) |
S1ii—Pb1—S1—Pb1iii | −138.97 (9) | C4—C1—C2—N1 | −177.1 (8) |
N1—Pb1—O1—C3 | −36.8 (6) | C5—C1—C2—N1 | 63.5 (10) |
S1—Pb1—O1—C3 | 38.0 (6) | S1—C1—C2—N1 | −54.0 (8) |
O1i—Pb1—O1—C3 | −103.4 (5) | C4—C1—C2—C3 | −54.5 (10) |
S1ii—Pb1—O1—C3 | −39.7 (8) | C5—C1—C2—C3 | −173.9 (8) |
N1—Pb1—O1—Pb1iv | 106.1 (4) | S1—C1—C2—C3 | 68.6 (8) |
S1—Pb1—O1—Pb1iv | −179.1 (3) | Pb1—O1—C3—O2 | −161.7 (7) |
O1i—Pb1—O1—Pb1iv | 39.6 (3) | Pb1iv—O1—C3—O2 | 47.6 (10) |
S1ii—Pb1—O1—Pb1iv | 103.2 (4) | Pb1—O1—C3—C2 | 18.9 (9) |
O1—Pb1—N1—C2 | 45.4 (5) | Pb1iv—O1—C3—C2 | −131.8 (6) |
S1—Pb1—N1—C2 | −45.8 (5) | N1—C2—C3—O2 | −154.8 (8) |
O1i—Pb1—N1—C2 | 149.5 (5) | C1—C2—C3—O2 | 81.3 (10) |
S1ii—Pb1—N1—C2 | −135.8 (5) | N1—C2—C3—O1 | 24.6 (9) |
Pb1—S1—C1—C4 | 134.7 (7) | C1—C2—C3—O1 | −99.3 (8) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+2, y−1/2, −z+1; (ii) −x+1, y−1/2, −z+1; (iii) −x+1, y+1/2, −z+1; (iv) −x+2, y+1/2, −z+1. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N1—H1B···S1v | 0.92 | 2.59 | 3.453 (8) | 156 |
N1—H1A···O2vi | 0.92 | 2.24 | 3.070 (10) | 150 |
Symmetry codes: (v) x+1, y, z; (vi) x, y−1, z. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | [Pb(C5H9NO2S)] |
Mr | 354.38 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, P21 |
Temperature (K) | 123 |
a, b, c (Å) | 6.251 (4), 6.179 (3), 10.259 (6) |
β (°) | 107.72 (2) |
V (Å3) | 377.5 (4) |
Z | 2 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 22.56 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.06 × 0.05 × 0.02 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Nonius KappaCCD |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (SORTAV; Blessing, 1997) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.345, 0.661 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 6589, 2157, 2027 |
Rint | 0.059 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.703 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.032, 0.085, 1.09 |
No. of reflections | 2157 |
No. of parameters | 93 |
No. of restraints | 1 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 2.76, −3.17 |
Absolute structure | Flack (1983), 966 Friedel pairs |
Absolute structure parameter | 0.03 (2) |
Computer programs: COLLECT (Hooft, 1998), DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997), SCALEPACK (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 1997).
Pb1—N1 | 2.444 (9) | Pb1—O1i | 2.719 (7) |
Pb1—O1 | 2.451 (7) | Pb1—S1ii | 3.091 (3) |
Pb1—S1 | 2.714 (2) | Pb1—S1iii | 3.465 (3) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+2, y−1/2, −z+1; (ii) −x+1, y−1/2, −z+1; (iii) −x+1, y+1/2, −z+1. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N1—H1B···S1iv | 0.92 | 2.59 | 3.453 (8) | 156 |
N1—H1A···O2v | 0.92 | 2.24 | 3.070 (10) | 150 |
Symmetry codes: (iv) x+1, y, z; (v) x, y−1, z. |
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the National Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada, the Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI) and the Province of Alberta (Department of Innovation and Science).
References
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Lead is a serious environmental contaminant. The extensive use of lead as metal and in lead compounds into modern times, e. g., in alkyl lead additives in leaded gasoline, battery manufacturing and in paints, has made lead a ubiquitous pollutant in the ecosystem. The soluble PbII ion with its 5 d10 6 s2 electronic configuration in the valence shell has a very flexible coordination behaviour. It is a neurotoxic heavy metal ion that perturbs multiple enzyme systems affecting areas of the brain that regulate behavior and nerve cell development and any site with sulfhydryl groups is vulnerable (Needleman, 2004). In particular Zn(II) can be replaced in enzymes, e. g., inhibiting the heme biosynthetic pathway, even though the effective ionic radius in four-coordination of the soft PbII ion (0.98 Å) is significantly larger than that of ZnII (0.60 Å). PbII can also adapt to replace Ca(II) in bone (Bressler et al., 1999; Godwin, 2001).
Treatments of lead(II) poisoning are mainly based on using chelators that form strong bonds to heavy metal ions, such as the disodium salt of the calcium edta complex (CaNa2edta) and dimercaprol (BAL), which are injected, and DMSA (meso-2, 3-dimercaptosuccinic acid) and D-penicillamine (H2Pen), which are administered orally (Sinicropi et al., 2010; Casas & Sordo, 2006).
The binding of PbII to the tridentate chelator H2Pen containing a sulfhydryl group is of interest for better understanding of the coordination behaviour in biological systems and for the design of specific detoxifying agents. The coordination geometry around the PbII ion in the crystalline title compound (PbPen), which precipitates in a wide pH range from penicillamine solutions containing lead(II) ions, was previously discussed by Freeman et al., (1974). However, the atomic coordinates of the crystal structure were not reported, nor deposited in the Cambridge Structural Database (refcode: DPENPB]. Here, we report the crystal structure of PbPen, and also discuss the Pb—Pb distances in this polymeric structure with double bridged thiolate chains.
Mixing Pb(NO3)2 and D-penicillamine in 1:2 molar ratio resulted in a 1:1 complex, PbPen, formed in an alkaline solution. The ligand is coordinated to the PbII ion in a tridentate mode: Pb—N 2.444 (9) Å, Pb—O 2.451 (7) Å and Pb—S 2.714 (2) Å (Fig. 1). The sulfur atom acts as a bridge with Pb—S distances of 3.091 (2) and 3.464 (2) Å to two other neighbouring PbII ions located at 4.363 Å relative to the original PbII ion, forming a double thiolate chain in a polymeric structure. Moreover, the coordinated carboxylate oxygen atom forms bridges to the lead ions (Pb—O 2.720 (7) Å) in the adjacent chain with two PbII ions at 4.663 Å relative to the central PbII ion (Fig. 2). The coordination sphere of lead can be described as a distorted pentagonal bipyramid if the Pb—O interactions to the carboxylate oxygen atoms are considered as axial interaction opposite the short Pb—S bond (2.714 (2) Å), and also including a possible stereochemically active inert electron pair in the void in the equatorial plane between the two long Pb—S interactions, 3.091 (2) Å and 3.464 (2) Å (Fig. 3) (Freeman et al., 1974).
The amino H-atoms of the title complex are hydrogen bonded to a S-atom (N1—H1B···S1) along the a-axis and an O-atom (N1—H1A···O2) along the b-axis resulting in a cluster of four complex units giving rise to a 16-membered ring in the ab-plane which can be best described as a R44(16) motif in the graph set notation (Bernstein et al., 1994) (Fig. 4).