organic compounds
2-Vinylpyridine–tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hexane monosolvate
aLeibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
*Correspondence e-mail: marcus.klahn@catalysis.de
The title compound, C7H7N·B(C6F5)3·C6H14, was obtained by the stoichiometric reaction of 2-vinylpyridine and tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane in toluene. The formed adduct exhibits a along the B—N bond resulting in an asymmetry, which can be also observed in the 19F NMR spectra. The B—N distance is equivalent to the distances found for 2-methylpyridine and 2-ethylpyridine B(C6F5)3 adducts. For the final the contributions of disordered solvent molecules were removed from the diffraction data with SQUEEZE in PLATON [van der Sluis & Spek (1990). Acta Cryst. A46, 194–201; Spek (2009). Acta Cryst. D65, 148–155].
Related literature
For general aspects of related compounds, see: Focante et al. (2006); Stephan & Erker (2010); Welch et al. (2007). For related structures, see: Geier et al. (2009). For the use of SQUEEZE in PLATON to remove the contributions of disordered solvent molecules, see: van der Sluis & Spek (1990); Spek (2009).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2011); cell SAINT (Bruker, 2009); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: XP in SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL.
Supporting information
10.1107/S1600536812013153/vm2164sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536812013153/vm2164Isup2.hkl
Solid tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (0.512 g, 1.0 mmol) and vinylpyridine (0.11 ml, 1.0 mmol) were dissolved in 25 ml of toluene resulting in a colorless solution. The reaction was allowed to stir for 2 h at 40 °C. The solvent was removed in vaccuo and the residue was extracted with n-hexane. Slow evaporation of the solvent resulted in the formation of colorless prisms. Isolated yield for pure crystalline material 0.380 g (62%).
For the final
the contributions of disordered solvent molecules were removed from the diffraction data with PLATON / SQUEEZE (van der Sluis & Spek, 1990; Spek, 2009). SQUEEZE estimated the electron counts in the voids of 196 Å3 to be 53. H atoms were placed in idealized positions with d(C—H) = 0.95 Å and refined using a riding model with Uiso(H) fixed at 1.2 Ueq(C).The concept of "Frustrated Lewis pairs" has been put forth and coined by Welch et al. (2007). The key feature is the sterical hindrance between the Lewis acids and bases preventing the formation of a classical adduct which gives rise to a unique reactivity due to the interaction of the basic and acidic centers. This characteristic facilitates a lot of reactions with a wide variety of reagents, as it has been overviewed by Stephan & Erker (2010). The substrates can be either small molecules like H2, CO2, and N2O, or larger ones like terminal
dienes, B–H bonds, disulfides and the C–O bonds of cyclic The conversion of 2-vinylpyridine with tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane proceeds similar to the general formation of base adducts presented before by Focante et al. (2006) and Geier et al. (2009). The nature of the adduct (figure 1) is confirmed by the precluded activation of dihydrogen. As found for other pyridine derivatives, the compound gives 19F-NMR spectra with 15 signals, one for each fluorine atom at the borane. This asymmetry results from a of the B–N bond. The B–N distance of the title compound (1.637 (3) Å) is found to be the same as for the analogous compounds 2-methylvinylpyridine/B(C6F5)3 1.639 (2) Å and 2-ethylpyridine/B(C6F5)3 1.638 (2) Å, respectively (Geier et al., 2009). This finding corroborates the assumption that the vinyl group in ortho-position to the nitrogen has no influence on the bonding situation. The boron center exhibits a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry.For general aspects of related compounds, see: Focante et al. (2006); Stephan & Erker (2010); Welch et al. (2007). For related structures, see: Geier et al. (2009). For the final
the contributions of disordered solvent molecules were removed from the diffraction data with SQUEEZE in PLATON (van der Sluis & Spek, 1990; Spek, 2009).Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2011); cell
SAINT (Bruker, 2009); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2009); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: XP in SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).Fig. 1. The molecular structure of the title compound with the atom labels and 30% displacement ellipsoids. Hydrogen atoms are omitted for clarity. |
C25H7BF15N·C6H14 | F(000) = 1416 |
Mr = 703.30 | Dx = 1.607 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P21/n | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
a = 12.4173 (2) Å | Cell parameters from 9876 reflections |
b = 17.1269 (3) Å | θ = 2.3–26.3° |
c = 13.9211 (2) Å | µ = 0.16 mm−1 |
β = 100.889 (1)° | T = 150 K |
V = 2907.29 (8) Å3 | Prism, colourless |
Z = 4 | 0.35 × 0.33 × 0.25 mm |
Bruker Kappa APEXII DUO diffractometer | 6929 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 5324 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Curved graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.030 |
Detector resolution: 8.3333 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 27.9°, θmin = 1.9° |
ω scans | h = −16→16 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2008) | k = 0→22 |
Tmin = 0.695, Tmax = 0.746 | l = 0→18 |
55747 measured reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.047 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.113 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.04 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0312P)2 + 2.2216P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
6929 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
379 parameters | Δρmax = 0.22 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.25 e Å−3 |
C25H7BF15N·C6H14 | V = 2907.29 (8) Å3 |
Mr = 703.30 | Z = 4 |
Monoclinic, P21/n | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 12.4173 (2) Å | µ = 0.16 mm−1 |
b = 17.1269 (3) Å | T = 150 K |
c = 13.9211 (2) Å | 0.35 × 0.33 × 0.25 mm |
β = 100.889 (1)° |
Bruker Kappa APEXII DUO diffractometer | 6929 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2008) | 5324 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.695, Tmax = 0.746 | Rint = 0.030 |
55747 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.047 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.113 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.04 | Δρmax = 0.22 e Å−3 |
6929 reflections | Δρmin = −0.25 e Å−3 |
379 parameters |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
C1 | 0.90231 (17) | 0.13181 (12) | 0.38660 (15) | 0.0434 (5) | |
H1 | 0.8263 | 0.1383 | 0.3864 | 0.052* | |
C2 | 0.9757 (2) | 0.16041 (15) | 0.46482 (18) | 0.0578 (6) | |
H2 | 0.9512 | 0.1865 | 0.5169 | 0.069* | |
C3 | 1.0860 (2) | 0.15025 (18) | 0.4657 (2) | 0.0713 (8) | |
H3 | 1.1392 | 0.1673 | 0.5200 | 0.086* | |
C4 | 1.11785 (19) | 0.11521 (16) | 0.3873 (2) | 0.0668 (8) | |
H4 | 1.1938 | 0.1084 | 0.3874 | 0.080* | |
C5 | 1.04135 (16) | 0.08929 (12) | 0.30710 (19) | 0.0493 (5) | |
C6 | 1.07643 (17) | 0.05611 (14) | 0.2212 (2) | 0.0565 (6) | |
H6 | 1.0328 | 0.0165 | 0.1853 | 0.068* | |
C7 | 1.1666 (2) | 0.07912 (17) | 0.1916 (3) | 0.0765 (9) | |
H7A | 1.2114 | 0.1187 | 0.2265 | 0.092* | |
H7B | 1.1865 | 0.0561 | 0.1353 | 0.092* | |
C8 | 0.84554 (14) | −0.02844 (11) | 0.19742 (13) | 0.0334 (4) | |
C9 | 0.90655 (14) | −0.08385 (11) | 0.25654 (13) | 0.0343 (4) | |
C10 | 0.90397 (16) | −0.16275 (11) | 0.23593 (14) | 0.0375 (4) | |
C11 | 0.83804 (18) | −0.18957 (11) | 0.15249 (15) | 0.0415 (4) | |
C12 | 0.77312 (18) | −0.13771 (13) | 0.09240 (15) | 0.0449 (5) | |
C13 | 0.77700 (16) | −0.05962 (12) | 0.11631 (14) | 0.0391 (4) | |
C14 | 0.71442 (14) | 0.07074 (10) | 0.25130 (13) | 0.0313 (4) | |
C15 | 0.69487 (15) | 0.02992 (11) | 0.33276 (13) | 0.0346 (4) | |
C16 | 0.59468 (16) | 0.02570 (11) | 0.36130 (15) | 0.0389 (4) | |
C17 | 0.50623 (15) | 0.06250 (11) | 0.30572 (15) | 0.0396 (4) | |
C18 | 0.51920 (15) | 0.10188 (11) | 0.22336 (15) | 0.0385 (4) | |
C19 | 0.62162 (15) | 0.10543 (10) | 0.19769 (13) | 0.0334 (4) | |
C20 | 0.85181 (15) | 0.12444 (12) | 0.13074 (16) | 0.0412 (5) | |
C21 | 0.83817 (15) | 0.20401 (12) | 0.14261 (17) | 0.0454 (5) | |
C22 | 0.85464 (18) | 0.25980 (14) | 0.0756 (2) | 0.0596 (7) | |
C23 | 0.8865 (2) | 0.23690 (17) | −0.0090 (2) | 0.0714 (8) | |
C24 | 0.9022 (2) | 0.15996 (17) | −0.0244 (2) | 0.0709 (8) | |
C25 | 0.88500 (18) | 0.10540 (14) | 0.04498 (18) | 0.0539 (6) | |
N1 | 0.93177 (12) | 0.09495 (9) | 0.30993 (13) | 0.0385 (4) | |
B1 | 0.83605 (16) | 0.06510 (12) | 0.22003 (16) | 0.0332 (4) | |
F1 | 0.97508 (9) | −0.06271 (7) | 0.33938 (8) | 0.0438 (3) | |
F2 | 0.96667 (11) | −0.21289 (7) | 0.29565 (9) | 0.0499 (3) | |
F3 | 0.83723 (12) | −0.26568 (7) | 0.12948 (9) | 0.0543 (3) | |
F4 | 0.70812 (13) | −0.16365 (9) | 0.01098 (9) | 0.0679 (4) | |
F5 | 0.70978 (11) | −0.01194 (7) | 0.05566 (8) | 0.0511 (3) | |
F6 | 0.77858 (9) | −0.00810 (7) | 0.38990 (8) | 0.0424 (3) | |
F7 | 0.58340 (11) | −0.01383 (7) | 0.44164 (9) | 0.0528 (3) | |
F8 | 0.40755 (10) | 0.05864 (7) | 0.33126 (10) | 0.0553 (3) | |
F9 | 0.43240 (9) | 0.13657 (7) | 0.16772 (10) | 0.0515 (3) | |
F10 | 0.62556 (9) | 0.14561 (7) | 0.11527 (8) | 0.0405 (3) | |
F11 | 0.80562 (10) | 0.23048 (7) | 0.22390 (10) | 0.0492 (3) | |
F12 | 0.83828 (12) | 0.33561 (8) | 0.09278 (14) | 0.0760 (5) | |
F13 | 0.90227 (15) | 0.29033 (11) | −0.07537 (15) | 0.1035 (7) | |
F14 | 0.93402 (17) | 0.13562 (12) | −0.10669 (14) | 0.1034 (7) | |
F15 | 0.90590 (12) | 0.03096 (8) | 0.02312 (10) | 0.0670 (4) |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
C1 | 0.0383 (10) | 0.0435 (11) | 0.0467 (11) | 0.0014 (8) | 0.0031 (9) | 0.0103 (9) |
C2 | 0.0560 (14) | 0.0589 (14) | 0.0517 (13) | −0.0058 (11) | −0.0068 (11) | 0.0084 (11) |
C3 | 0.0509 (14) | 0.0776 (19) | 0.0741 (18) | −0.0134 (13) | −0.0170 (13) | 0.0157 (15) |
C4 | 0.0320 (11) | 0.0657 (16) | 0.096 (2) | −0.0033 (11) | −0.0044 (12) | 0.0250 (15) |
C5 | 0.0305 (9) | 0.0393 (11) | 0.0777 (16) | 0.0015 (8) | 0.0091 (10) | 0.0185 (10) |
C6 | 0.0337 (10) | 0.0484 (12) | 0.0917 (18) | 0.0077 (9) | 0.0227 (11) | 0.0178 (12) |
C7 | 0.0389 (12) | 0.0733 (18) | 0.124 (3) | 0.0028 (12) | 0.0322 (15) | 0.0183 (17) |
C8 | 0.0294 (8) | 0.0379 (9) | 0.0360 (9) | 0.0069 (7) | 0.0145 (7) | 0.0077 (8) |
C9 | 0.0307 (9) | 0.0378 (9) | 0.0365 (10) | 0.0022 (7) | 0.0119 (7) | 0.0071 (8) |
C10 | 0.0409 (10) | 0.0377 (10) | 0.0375 (10) | 0.0086 (8) | 0.0165 (8) | 0.0123 (8) |
C11 | 0.0534 (12) | 0.0357 (10) | 0.0400 (10) | 0.0042 (9) | 0.0207 (9) | 0.0020 (8) |
C12 | 0.0511 (12) | 0.0507 (12) | 0.0336 (10) | 0.0081 (9) | 0.0096 (9) | −0.0024 (9) |
C13 | 0.0413 (10) | 0.0449 (11) | 0.0332 (9) | 0.0138 (8) | 0.0123 (8) | 0.0080 (8) |
C14 | 0.0296 (8) | 0.0315 (9) | 0.0343 (9) | 0.0015 (7) | 0.0101 (7) | 0.0002 (7) |
C15 | 0.0338 (9) | 0.0348 (9) | 0.0368 (10) | 0.0047 (7) | 0.0111 (7) | 0.0005 (7) |
C16 | 0.0441 (10) | 0.0348 (9) | 0.0437 (11) | −0.0004 (8) | 0.0230 (9) | −0.0002 (8) |
C17 | 0.0302 (9) | 0.0402 (10) | 0.0530 (12) | −0.0028 (8) | 0.0194 (8) | −0.0107 (9) |
C18 | 0.0281 (9) | 0.0361 (10) | 0.0503 (11) | 0.0018 (7) | 0.0049 (8) | −0.0075 (8) |
C19 | 0.0331 (9) | 0.0334 (9) | 0.0336 (9) | −0.0001 (7) | 0.0060 (7) | −0.0043 (7) |
C20 | 0.0300 (9) | 0.0426 (10) | 0.0546 (12) | 0.0111 (8) | 0.0174 (8) | 0.0184 (9) |
C21 | 0.0282 (9) | 0.0458 (11) | 0.0643 (14) | 0.0062 (8) | 0.0141 (9) | 0.0174 (10) |
C22 | 0.0381 (11) | 0.0483 (13) | 0.0928 (19) | 0.0064 (9) | 0.0130 (12) | 0.0346 (13) |
C23 | 0.0501 (14) | 0.0793 (18) | 0.092 (2) | 0.0110 (13) | 0.0333 (14) | 0.0541 (16) |
C24 | 0.0630 (15) | 0.0844 (19) | 0.0793 (18) | 0.0288 (14) | 0.0497 (14) | 0.0443 (15) |
C25 | 0.0466 (12) | 0.0598 (14) | 0.0642 (14) | 0.0221 (10) | 0.0332 (11) | 0.0265 (11) |
N1 | 0.0287 (7) | 0.0349 (8) | 0.0510 (10) | 0.0023 (6) | 0.0047 (7) | 0.0121 (7) |
B1 | 0.0282 (9) | 0.0343 (10) | 0.0386 (11) | 0.0050 (8) | 0.0101 (8) | 0.0059 (8) |
F1 | 0.0396 (6) | 0.0386 (6) | 0.0494 (7) | 0.0036 (5) | −0.0013 (5) | 0.0087 (5) |
F2 | 0.0609 (8) | 0.0361 (6) | 0.0505 (7) | 0.0103 (5) | 0.0047 (6) | 0.0115 (5) |
F3 | 0.0768 (9) | 0.0390 (6) | 0.0494 (7) | 0.0074 (6) | 0.0176 (6) | −0.0017 (5) |
F4 | 0.0918 (11) | 0.0615 (9) | 0.0424 (7) | 0.0167 (8) | −0.0072 (7) | −0.0129 (6) |
F5 | 0.0592 (7) | 0.0535 (7) | 0.0374 (6) | 0.0205 (6) | 0.0008 (5) | 0.0042 (5) |
F6 | 0.0417 (6) | 0.0454 (6) | 0.0428 (6) | 0.0078 (5) | 0.0148 (5) | 0.0121 (5) |
F7 | 0.0601 (8) | 0.0505 (7) | 0.0585 (8) | 0.0043 (6) | 0.0387 (6) | 0.0083 (6) |
F8 | 0.0366 (6) | 0.0537 (7) | 0.0840 (9) | −0.0013 (5) | 0.0326 (6) | −0.0045 (7) |
F9 | 0.0266 (5) | 0.0561 (7) | 0.0684 (8) | 0.0036 (5) | 0.0001 (5) | −0.0037 (6) |
F10 | 0.0353 (6) | 0.0488 (6) | 0.0367 (6) | 0.0071 (5) | 0.0047 (4) | 0.0059 (5) |
F11 | 0.0452 (7) | 0.0373 (6) | 0.0649 (8) | 0.0040 (5) | 0.0100 (6) | 0.0052 (6) |
F12 | 0.0589 (9) | 0.0427 (7) | 0.1227 (14) | 0.0026 (6) | 0.0078 (9) | 0.0343 (8) |
F13 | 0.0922 (12) | 0.1019 (13) | 0.1287 (16) | 0.0164 (10) | 0.0526 (12) | 0.0824 (12) |
F14 | 0.1180 (15) | 0.1220 (15) | 0.0956 (13) | 0.0472 (12) | 0.0845 (12) | 0.0574 (11) |
F15 | 0.0828 (10) | 0.0677 (9) | 0.0652 (9) | 0.0380 (8) | 0.0518 (8) | 0.0245 (7) |
C1—N1 | 1.349 (3) | C13—F5 | 1.345 (2) |
C1—C2 | 1.372 (3) | C14—C19 | 1.383 (2) |
C1—H1 | 0.9500 | C14—C15 | 1.392 (2) |
C2—C3 | 1.379 (4) | C14—B1 | 1.652 (3) |
C2—H2 | 0.9500 | C15—F6 | 1.351 (2) |
C3—C4 | 1.368 (4) | C15—C16 | 1.377 (2) |
C3—H3 | 0.9500 | C16—F7 | 1.337 (2) |
C4—C5 | 1.395 (4) | C16—C17 | 1.372 (3) |
C4—H4 | 0.9500 | C17—F8 | 1.340 (2) |
C5—N1 | 1.372 (2) | C17—C18 | 1.366 (3) |
C5—C6 | 1.462 (4) | C18—F9 | 1.341 (2) |
C6—C7 | 1.325 (3) | C18—C19 | 1.386 (3) |
C6—H6 | 0.9500 | C19—F10 | 1.347 (2) |
C7—H7A | 0.9500 | C20—C25 | 1.374 (3) |
C7—H7B | 0.9500 | C20—C21 | 1.387 (3) |
C8—C9 | 1.384 (2) | C20—B1 | 1.646 (3) |
C8—C13 | 1.386 (3) | C21—F11 | 1.350 (3) |
C8—B1 | 1.641 (3) | C21—C22 | 1.378 (3) |
C9—F1 | 1.347 (2) | C22—F12 | 1.343 (3) |
C9—C10 | 1.380 (3) | C22—C23 | 1.368 (4) |
C10—F2 | 1.338 (2) | C23—F13 | 1.341 (3) |
C10—C11 | 1.368 (3) | C23—C24 | 1.355 (4) |
C11—F3 | 1.342 (2) | C24—F14 | 1.346 (3) |
C11—C12 | 1.373 (3) | C24—C25 | 1.390 (3) |
C12—F4 | 1.337 (2) | C25—F15 | 1.347 (3) |
C12—C13 | 1.377 (3) | N1—B1 | 1.637 (3) |
N1—C1—C2 | 123.8 (2) | F6—C15—C16 | 116.19 (16) |
N1—C1—H1 | 118.1 | F6—C15—C14 | 119.25 (15) |
C2—C1—H1 | 118.1 | C16—C15—C14 | 124.56 (17) |
C1—C2—C3 | 118.2 (3) | F7—C16—C17 | 120.35 (17) |
C1—C2—H2 | 120.9 | F7—C16—C15 | 120.71 (18) |
C3—C2—H2 | 120.9 | C17—C16—C15 | 118.94 (17) |
C4—C3—C2 | 119.0 (2) | F8—C17—C18 | 120.38 (18) |
C4—C3—H3 | 120.5 | F8—C17—C16 | 120.16 (18) |
C2—C3—H3 | 120.5 | C18—C17—C16 | 119.44 (16) |
C3—C4—C5 | 121.5 (2) | F9—C18—C17 | 119.61 (17) |
C3—C4—H4 | 119.2 | F9—C18—C19 | 120.54 (18) |
C5—C4—H4 | 119.2 | C17—C18—C19 | 119.85 (17) |
N1—C5—C4 | 118.9 (2) | F10—C19—C14 | 121.24 (16) |
N1—C5—C6 | 120.1 (2) | F10—C19—C18 | 115.15 (16) |
C4—C5—C6 | 121.0 (2) | C14—C19—C18 | 123.61 (17) |
C7—C6—C5 | 122.6 (3) | C25—C20—C21 | 113.59 (18) |
C7—C6—H6 | 118.7 | C25—C20—B1 | 127.43 (18) |
C5—C6—H6 | 118.7 | C21—C20—B1 | 118.83 (18) |
C6—C7—H7A | 120.0 | F11—C21—C22 | 116.2 (2) |
C6—C7—H7B | 120.0 | F11—C21—C20 | 119.50 (17) |
H7A—C7—H7B | 120.0 | C22—C21—C20 | 124.3 (2) |
C9—C8—C13 | 113.76 (17) | F12—C22—C23 | 120.6 (2) |
C9—C8—B1 | 127.32 (17) | F12—C22—C21 | 120.2 (3) |
C13—C8—B1 | 118.49 (16) | C23—C22—C21 | 119.2 (2) |
F1—C9—C10 | 115.29 (16) | F13—C23—C24 | 120.7 (3) |
F1—C9—C8 | 120.73 (17) | F13—C23—C22 | 120.1 (3) |
C10—C9—C8 | 123.98 (18) | C24—C23—C22 | 119.3 (2) |
F2—C10—C11 | 119.78 (17) | F14—C24—C23 | 120.7 (2) |
F2—C10—C9 | 120.75 (18) | F14—C24—C25 | 119.5 (3) |
C11—C10—C9 | 119.46 (17) | C23—C24—C25 | 119.9 (2) |
F3—C11—C10 | 120.35 (18) | F15—C25—C20 | 121.54 (18) |
F3—C11—C12 | 120.40 (19) | F15—C25—C24 | 114.7 (2) |
C10—C11—C12 | 119.25 (18) | C20—C25—C24 | 123.7 (2) |
F4—C12—C11 | 119.51 (19) | C1—N1—C5 | 118.33 (18) |
F4—C12—C13 | 121.04 (19) | C1—N1—B1 | 119.01 (15) |
C11—C12—C13 | 119.44 (19) | C5—N1—B1 | 122.47 (18) |
F5—C13—C12 | 116.65 (18) | N1—B1—C8 | 112.56 (14) |
F5—C13—C8 | 119.34 (17) | N1—B1—C20 | 102.23 (15) |
C12—C13—C8 | 124.01 (18) | C8—B1—C20 | 115.78 (16) |
C19—C14—C15 | 113.56 (16) | N1—B1—C14 | 110.38 (15) |
C19—C14—B1 | 126.37 (16) | C8—B1—C14 | 102.13 (14) |
C15—C14—B1 | 119.61 (15) | C20—B1—C14 | 114.08 (14) |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C25H7BF15N·C6H14 |
Mr | 703.30 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, P21/n |
Temperature (K) | 150 |
a, b, c (Å) | 12.4173 (2), 17.1269 (3), 13.9211 (2) |
β (°) | 100.889 (1) |
V (Å3) | 2907.29 (8) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.16 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.35 × 0.33 × 0.25 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Bruker Kappa APEXII DUO |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2008) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.695, 0.746 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 55747, 6929, 5324 |
Rint | 0.030 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.658 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.047, 0.113, 1.04 |
No. of reflections | 6929 |
No. of parameters | 379 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.22, −0.25 |
Computer programs: APEX2 (Bruker, 2011), SAINT (Bruker, 2009), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), XP in SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock.
References
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The concept of "Frustrated Lewis pairs" has been put forth and coined by Welch et al. (2007). The key feature is the sterical hindrance between the Lewis acids and bases preventing the formation of a classical adduct which gives rise to a unique reactivity due to the interaction of the basic and acidic centers. This characteristic facilitates a lot of reactions with a wide variety of reagents, as it has been overviewed by Stephan & Erker (2010). The substrates can be either small molecules like H2, CO2, and N2O, or larger ones like terminal olefins, alkynes, dienes, B–H bonds, disulfides and the C–O bonds of cyclic ethers. The conversion of 2-vinylpyridine with tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane proceeds similar to the general formation of Lewis acid base adducts presented before by Focante et al. (2006) and Geier et al. (2009). The nature of the adduct (figure 1) is confirmed by the precluded activation of dihydrogen. As found for other pyridine derivatives, the compound gives 19F-NMR spectra with 15 signals, one for each fluorine atom at the borane. This asymmetry results from a restricted rotation of the B–N bond. The B–N distance of the title compound (1.637 (3) Å) is found to be the same as for the analogous compounds 2-methylvinylpyridine/B(C6F5)3 1.639 (2) Å and 2-ethylpyridine/B(C6F5)3 1.638 (2) Å, respectively (Geier et al., 2009). This finding corroborates the assumption that the vinyl group in ortho-position to the nitrogen has no influence on the bonding situation. The boron center exhibits a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry.