organic compounds
2-Amino-3-nitropyridinium 4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate
aSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Metal Materials and Processing, Anhui University of Technology, Anhui, Maanshan 243002, People's Republic of China, and bState Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
*Correspondence e-mail: yaohui@ahut.edu.cn
In the 5H6N3O2+·C6H5O4S−, N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the cations and anions. The dihedral angle between the rings of the cation and anion is 79.91 (6)°.
of the title salt, CRelated literature
For related structures, see: Nicoud et al. (1997); Akriche & Rzaigui (2009a,b); Toumi Akriche et al. (2010); Koshima et al. (2004). For the design of second-order non-linear optical materials, see: Fur et al. (1998); Aakeröy et al. (1998). For information on the determination of non-linear optical properties, see: Kurtz & Perry (1968).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Data collection: CrystalClear (Rigaku, 2005); cell CrystalClear; data reduction: CrystalClear; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97.
Supporting information
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536812027651/pk2420sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536812027651/pk2420Isup2.hkl
Supporting information file. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536812027651/pk2420Isup3.cml
The title complex was synthesized from the mixture of 2-amino-3-nitropyridine with stoichiometric 4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid in ethanol solution. The reaction mixture was stirred for four hours and slowly heated to 45°C yielding a clear solution. After solvent evaporation at controlled temperature for several days, yellow block-shaped crystals were obtained in 90% yield. For second-harmonic generation (SHG) experiments (Kurtz and Perry, 1968), the polycrystalline samples were ground into powder and sieved using a series of mesh sizes in the range of 74–100 µm, and the SHG intensity was compared with KDP crystal.
All the H atoms bound to carbon and nitrogen were placed at idealized positions with respective bond lengths of C—H = 0.93 to 0.97 Å and N—H = 0.89 Å. and allowed to ride on their parent atoms with Uiso fixed at 1.2 Ueq(C, N). The O-bound H atom was located in a difference Fourier map and refined isotropically.
Research on new materials with large nonlinear optical (NLO) efficiencies has been extensively developed in the past two decades. A promising crystal-engineering strategy is to design organic cocrystals, using molecules with large macroscopic susceptibility components (Nicoud et al., 1997). As an excellent donor-acceptor system with high susceptibility, 2-amino-3-nitropyridine cation has two electron-accepting centres, namely the NH2 amino-group and NH+ group in the pyridinium ring (Aakeröy et al., 1998). Therefore, it is possible to utilize the cation of 2- amino-3-nitropyridinium as a nonlinear optical component to assemble potential NLO materials. Though several crystal structures based on the 2-amino-3-nitropyridine cation had been reported (Akriche & Rzaigui, 2009a,b; Toumi Akriche et al., 2010), to the best of our knowledge, the title complex in the present work is the first example of a NLO crystal with an efficiency as large as ten times that of the KDP standard (Kurtz & Perry, 1968). The
contains one anion and one cation that are shown in Fig. 1. Hydrogen bonding interactions, which construct a three-dimensional network, are listed in table 1. The is stabilized by several hydrogen-bonding interactions formed within the These interactions link the cations and anions together in a complex spatial geometry, displayed in Fig. 2.For related structures, see: Nicoud et al. (1997); Akriche & Rzaigui (2009a,b); Toumi Akriche et al. (2010); Koshima et al. (2004). For the design of second-order non-linear optical materials, see: Fur et al. (1998); Aakeröy et al. (1998). For information on the determination of non-linear optical properties, see: Kurtz & Perry (1968).
Data collection: CrystalClear (Rigaku, 2005); cell
CrystalClear (Rigaku, 2005); data reduction: CrystalClear (Rigaku, 2005); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008).C5H6N3O2+·C6H5O4S− | 2-Amino-3-nitropyridine 4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate |
Mr = 313.29 | Dx = 1.558 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, Cc | Melting point: 481 K |
Hall symbol: C -2yc | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
a = 9.0683 (19) Å | Cell parameters from 1991 reflections |
b = 13.5177 (16) Å | θ = 3.0–27.5° |
c = 10.9203 (17) Å | µ = 0.28 mm−1 |
β = 94.042 (14)° | T = 293 K |
V = 1335.3 (4) Å3 | Block, yellow |
Z = 4 | 0.48 × 0.31 × 0.22 mm |
F(000) = 648 |
Rigaku Mercury CCD diffractometer | 2005 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 1989 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.011 |
ω and φ scans' | θmax = 25.0°, θmin = 2.7° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrystalClear; Rigaku, 2005) | h = −10→10 |
Tmin = 0.879, Tmax = 0.942 | k = −16→16 |
4067 measured reflections | l = −12→12 |
Refinement on F2 | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
Least-squares matrix: full | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.023 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
wR(F2) = 0.063 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0386P)2 + 0.3606P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
S = 1.07 | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
2005 reflections | Δρmax = 0.12 e Å−3 |
194 parameters | Δρmin = −0.20 e Å−3 |
2 restraints | Absolute structure: Flack (1983), 825 Friedel pairs |
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods | Absolute structure parameter: 0.05 (6) |
C5H6N3O2+·C6H5O4S− | V = 1335.3 (4) Å3 |
Mr = 313.29 | Z = 4 |
Monoclinic, Cc | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 9.0683 (19) Å | µ = 0.28 mm−1 |
b = 13.5177 (16) Å | T = 293 K |
c = 10.9203 (17) Å | 0.48 × 0.31 × 0.22 mm |
β = 94.042 (14)° |
Rigaku Mercury CCD diffractometer | 2005 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrystalClear; Rigaku, 2005) | 1989 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.879, Tmax = 0.942 | Rint = 0.011 |
4067 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.023 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
wR(F2) = 0.063 | Δρmax = 0.12 e Å−3 |
S = 1.07 | Δρmin = −0.20 e Å−3 |
2005 reflections | Absolute structure: Flack (1983), 825 Friedel pairs |
194 parameters | Absolute structure parameter: 0.05 (6) |
2 restraints |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
S1 | 0.61553 (5) | 0.16714 (3) | 0.00229 (4) | 0.03441 (13) | |
O1 | 0.27111 (18) | 0.05257 (12) | −0.51298 (15) | 0.0525 (4) | |
O2 | 0.35055 (19) | 0.09208 (11) | −0.68818 (14) | 0.0566 (4) | |
O3 | 1.09361 (18) | −0.09220 (13) | 0.20630 (15) | 0.0517 (4) | |
O4 | 0.57072 (19) | 0.22726 (11) | 0.10356 (14) | 0.0554 (5) | |
O5 | 0.49921 (15) | 0.10255 (11) | −0.04791 (14) | 0.0475 (4) | |
O6 | 0.67629 (17) | 0.22667 (11) | −0.09397 (13) | 0.0468 (4) | |
N1 | 0.4364 (2) | 0.09853 (13) | −0.30840 (16) | 0.0513 (5) | |
H1A | 0.4637 | 0.1008 | −0.2314 | 0.062* | |
H1B | 0.3651 | 0.0603 | −0.3342 | 0.062* | |
N2 | 0.35713 (19) | 0.09660 (12) | −0.57633 (16) | 0.0417 (4) | |
N3 | 0.61555 (19) | 0.21303 (12) | −0.34220 (15) | 0.0407 (4) | |
H3A | 0.6404 | 0.2109 | −0.2648 | 0.049* | |
C3 | 0.9047 (3) | −0.05629 (15) | 0.0470 (2) | 0.0453 (5) | |
H1C | 0.9272 | −0.1133 | 0.0045 | 0.054* | |
C4 | 0.9832 (2) | −0.03311 (14) | 0.15597 (17) | 0.0369 (4) | |
C10 | 0.6574 (3) | 0.28190 (19) | −0.5342 (2) | 0.0583 (6) | |
H3B | 0.7071 | 0.3261 | −0.5819 | 0.070* | |
C6 | 0.8393 (2) | 0.11399 (14) | 0.17267 (17) | 0.0400 (5) | |
H4A | 0.8172 | 0.1712 | 0.2149 | 0.048* | |
C11 | 0.6903 (3) | 0.27529 (18) | −0.4120 (2) | 0.0514 (6) | |
H5A | 0.7657 | 0.3142 | −0.3753 | 0.062* | |
C9 | 0.5476 (3) | 0.22104 (17) | −0.58661 (19) | 0.0485 (5) | |
H6A | 0.5247 | 0.2231 | −0.6709 | 0.058* | |
C2 | 0.7930 (2) | 0.00511 (15) | 0.00116 (18) | 0.0417 (5) | |
H7A | 0.7403 | −0.0106 | −0.0724 | 0.050* | |
C7 | 0.5037 (2) | 0.15357 (14) | −0.38655 (17) | 0.0356 (4) | |
C8 | 0.4725 (2) | 0.15784 (13) | −0.51561 (17) | 0.0348 (4) | |
C5 | 0.9519 (2) | 0.05312 (16) | 0.21828 (18) | 0.0451 (5) | |
H10A | 1.0069 | 0.0697 | 0.2905 | 0.054* | |
C1 | 0.7585 (2) | 0.09035 (13) | 0.06404 (17) | 0.0303 (4) | |
H3 | 1.099 (3) | −0.136 (2) | 0.164 (3) | 0.073 (10)* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
S1 | 0.0370 (3) | 0.0340 (2) | 0.0317 (2) | 0.0036 (2) | −0.00145 (17) | 0.00220 (19) |
O1 | 0.0457 (9) | 0.0554 (9) | 0.0561 (10) | −0.0104 (7) | 0.0020 (8) | −0.0067 (8) |
O2 | 0.0704 (12) | 0.0594 (9) | 0.0378 (8) | 0.0024 (8) | −0.0123 (8) | −0.0111 (7) |
O3 | 0.0527 (10) | 0.0561 (9) | 0.0451 (8) | 0.0195 (7) | −0.0039 (7) | 0.0041 (7) |
O4 | 0.0701 (12) | 0.0529 (9) | 0.0430 (9) | 0.0280 (8) | 0.0026 (8) | −0.0038 (7) |
O5 | 0.0361 (8) | 0.0538 (8) | 0.0510 (9) | −0.0047 (6) | −0.0078 (7) | 0.0087 (7) |
O6 | 0.0572 (10) | 0.0455 (8) | 0.0361 (8) | −0.0100 (7) | −0.0073 (7) | 0.0109 (6) |
N1 | 0.0538 (11) | 0.0628 (11) | 0.0362 (9) | −0.0152 (9) | −0.0041 (8) | 0.0116 (8) |
N2 | 0.0412 (10) | 0.0407 (9) | 0.0418 (10) | 0.0083 (7) | −0.0063 (8) | −0.0073 (7) |
N3 | 0.0378 (10) | 0.0541 (9) | 0.0295 (8) | −0.0040 (7) | −0.0038 (7) | 0.0022 (7) |
C3 | 0.0538 (14) | 0.0403 (10) | 0.0411 (11) | 0.0096 (9) | −0.0008 (10) | −0.0083 (9) |
C4 | 0.0339 (11) | 0.0417 (9) | 0.0350 (10) | 0.0063 (8) | 0.0006 (8) | 0.0049 (8) |
C10 | 0.0507 (14) | 0.0799 (16) | 0.0439 (13) | −0.0221 (12) | 0.0014 (10) | 0.0151 (11) |
C6 | 0.0438 (12) | 0.0407 (10) | 0.0345 (10) | 0.0071 (8) | −0.0045 (9) | −0.0081 (8) |
C11 | 0.0420 (12) | 0.0671 (14) | 0.0444 (12) | −0.0167 (11) | −0.0025 (10) | 0.0023 (10) |
C9 | 0.0490 (13) | 0.0655 (14) | 0.0304 (11) | −0.0046 (11) | −0.0022 (10) | 0.0068 (10) |
C2 | 0.0472 (12) | 0.0412 (10) | 0.0352 (10) | 0.0068 (8) | −0.0081 (9) | −0.0083 (8) |
C7 | 0.0335 (11) | 0.0386 (9) | 0.0341 (10) | 0.0037 (7) | −0.0020 (8) | 0.0016 (8) |
C8 | 0.0303 (11) | 0.0424 (9) | 0.0312 (9) | 0.0028 (7) | −0.0017 (8) | 0.0002 (7) |
C5 | 0.0461 (13) | 0.0551 (11) | 0.0326 (10) | 0.0060 (9) | −0.0067 (9) | −0.0069 (9) |
C1 | 0.0305 (10) | 0.0322 (8) | 0.0281 (9) | 0.0021 (7) | 0.0019 (7) | 0.0017 (7) |
S1—O5 | 1.4470 (15) | C3—C4 | 1.379 (3) |
S1—O4 | 1.4532 (15) | C3—H1C | 0.9300 |
S1—O6 | 1.4622 (15) | C4—C5 | 1.389 (3) |
S1—C1 | 1.7580 (19) | C10—C11 | 1.350 (3) |
O1—N2 | 1.232 (2) | C10—C9 | 1.384 (3) |
O2—N2 | 1.220 (2) | C10—H3B | 0.9300 |
O3—C4 | 1.365 (2) | C6—C5 | 1.378 (3) |
O3—H3 | 0.75 (3) | C6—C1 | 1.387 (3) |
N1—C7 | 1.314 (2) | C6—H4A | 0.9300 |
N1—H1A | 0.8600 | C11—H5A | 0.9300 |
N1—H1B | 0.8601 | C9—C8 | 1.368 (3) |
N2—C8 | 1.456 (2) | C9—H6A | 0.9300 |
N3—C11 | 1.350 (3) | C2—C1 | 1.388 (3) |
N3—C7 | 1.357 (2) | C2—H7A | 0.9300 |
N3—H3A | 0.8600 | C7—C8 | 1.419 (3) |
C3—C2 | 1.376 (3) | C5—H10A | 0.9300 |
O5—S1—O4 | 112.97 (10) | C5—C6—C1 | 120.34 (18) |
O5—S1—O6 | 111.18 (8) | C5—C6—H4A | 119.8 |
O4—S1—O6 | 112.28 (8) | C1—C6—H4A | 119.8 |
O5—S1—C1 | 106.70 (8) | N3—C11—C10 | 121.0 (2) |
O4—S1—C1 | 106.05 (9) | N3—C11—H5A | 119.5 |
O6—S1—C1 | 107.19 (9) | C10—C11—H5A | 119.5 |
C4—O3—H3 | 107 (2) | C8—C9—C10 | 120.65 (19) |
C7—N1—H1A | 120.0 | C8—C9—H6A | 119.7 |
C7—N1—H1B | 120.0 | C10—C9—H6A | 119.7 |
H1A—N1—H1B | 120.0 | C3—C2—C1 | 120.45 (17) |
O2—N2—O1 | 123.34 (18) | C3—C2—H7A | 119.8 |
O2—N2—C8 | 117.85 (19) | C1—C2—H7A | 119.8 |
O1—N2—C8 | 118.80 (16) | N1—C7—N3 | 118.24 (16) |
C11—N3—C7 | 124.10 (18) | N1—C7—C8 | 126.78 (17) |
C11—N3—H3A | 117.9 | N3—C7—C8 | 114.98 (17) |
C7—N3—H3A | 117.9 | C9—C8—C7 | 121.06 (18) |
C2—C3—C4 | 119.90 (18) | C9—C8—N2 | 117.87 (17) |
C2—C3—H1C | 120.1 | C7—C8—N2 | 121.05 (17) |
C4—C3—H1C | 120.1 | C6—C5—C4 | 119.74 (17) |
O3—C4—C3 | 122.25 (18) | C6—C5—H10A | 120.1 |
O3—C4—C5 | 117.58 (18) | C4—C5—H10A | 120.1 |
C3—C4—C5 | 120.17 (17) | C6—C1—C2 | 119.37 (17) |
C11—C10—C9 | 118.2 (2) | C6—C1—S1 | 121.52 (15) |
C11—C10—H3B | 120.9 | C2—C1—S1 | 119.10 (14) |
C9—C10—H3B | 120.9 | ||
C2—C3—C4—O3 | 179.0 (2) | O2—N2—C8—C7 | −168.96 (18) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | −1.4 (3) | O1—N2—C8—C7 | 11.4 (3) |
C7—N3—C11—C10 | −0.3 (4) | C1—C6—C5—C4 | −1.0 (3) |
C9—C10—C11—N3 | −1.8 (4) | O3—C4—C5—C6 | −178.49 (19) |
C11—C10—C9—C8 | 1.6 (4) | C3—C4—C5—C6 | 1.9 (3) |
C4—C3—C2—C1 | −0.1 (3) | C5—C6—C1—C2 | −0.5 (3) |
C11—N3—C7—N1 | −177.9 (2) | C5—C6—C1—S1 | −179.21 (16) |
C11—N3—C7—C8 | 2.4 (3) | C3—C2—C1—C6 | 1.0 (3) |
C10—C9—C8—C7 | 0.6 (3) | C3—C2—C1—S1 | 179.78 (18) |
C10—C9—C8—N2 | 179.3 (2) | O5—S1—C1—C6 | −141.59 (17) |
N1—C7—C8—C9 | 177.7 (2) | O4—S1—C1—C6 | −20.9 (2) |
N3—C7—C8—C9 | −2.6 (3) | O6—S1—C1—C6 | 99.23 (19) |
N1—C7—C8—N2 | −0.9 (3) | O5—S1—C1—C2 | 39.69 (19) |
N3—C7—C8—N2 | 178.80 (16) | O4—S1—C1—C2 | 160.38 (17) |
O2—N2—C8—C9 | 12.3 (3) | O6—S1—C1—C2 | −79.49 (18) |
O1—N2—C8—C9 | −167.30 (19) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N1—H1A···O5 | 0.86 | 2.01 | 2.862 (2) | 172 |
N1—H1B···O1 | 0.86 | 2.08 | 2.674 (2) | 126 |
N3—H3A···O6 | 0.86 | 1.88 | 2.734 (2) | 170 |
N1—H1B···O3i | 0.86 | 2.57 | 3.125 (3) | 123 |
O3—H3···O4ii | 0.75 (3) | 1.98 (3) | 2.688 (2) | 158 (3) |
Symmetry codes: (i) x−1, −y, z−1/2; (ii) x+1/2, y−1/2, z. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C5H6N3O2+·C6H5O4S− |
Mr | 313.29 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, Cc |
Temperature (K) | 293 |
a, b, c (Å) | 9.0683 (19), 13.5177 (16), 10.9203 (17) |
β (°) | 94.042 (14) |
V (Å3) | 1335.3 (4) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.28 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.48 × 0.31 × 0.22 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Rigaku Mercury CCD |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (CrystalClear; Rigaku, 2005) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.879, 0.942 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 4067, 2005, 1989 |
Rint | 0.011 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.595 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.023, 0.063, 1.07 |
No. of reflections | 2005 |
No. of parameters | 194 |
No. of restraints | 2 |
H-atom treatment | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.12, −0.20 |
Absolute structure | Flack (1983), 825 Friedel pairs |
Absolute structure parameter | 0.05 (6) |
Computer programs: CrystalClear (Rigaku, 2005), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N1—H1A···O5 | 0.86 | 2.01 | 2.862 (2) | 172.4 |
N1—H1B···O1 | 0.86 | 2.08 | 2.674 (2) | 126.0 |
N3—H3A···O6 | 0.86 | 1.88 | 2.734 (2) | 170.2 |
N1—H1B···O3i | 0.86 | 2.57 | 3.125 (3) | 123.4 |
O3—H3···O4ii | 0.75 (3) | 1.98 (3) | 2.688 (2) | 158 (3) |
Symmetry codes: (i) x−1, −y, z−1/2; (ii) x+1/2, y−1/2, z. |
Acknowledgements
The work was supported financially by the Youth Foundation of Anhui University of Technology.
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Toumi Akriche, S., Rzaigui, M., Al-Hokbany, N. & Mahfouz, R. M. (2010). Acta Cryst. E66, o300. Web of Science CSD CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
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Research on new materials with large nonlinear optical (NLO) efficiencies has been extensively developed in the past two decades. A promising crystal-engineering strategy is to design organic cocrystals, using molecules with large macroscopic susceptibility components (Nicoud et al., 1997). As an excellent donor-acceptor system with high susceptibility, 2-amino-3-nitropyridine cation has two electron-accepting centres, namely the NH2 amino-group and NH+ group in the pyridinium ring (Aakeröy et al., 1998). Therefore, it is possible to utilize the cation of 2- amino-3-nitropyridinium as a nonlinear optical component to assemble potential NLO materials. Though several crystal structures based on the 2-amino-3-nitropyridine cation had been reported (Akriche & Rzaigui, 2009a,b; Toumi Akriche et al., 2010), to the best of our knowledge, the title complex in the present work is the first example of a NLO crystal with an efficiency as large as ten times that of the KDP standard (Kurtz & Perry, 1968). The asymmetric unit contains one anion and one cation that are shown in Fig. 1. Hydrogen bonding interactions, which construct a three-dimensional network, are listed in table 1. The crystal structure is stabilized by several hydrogen-bonding interactions formed within the crystal structure. These interactions link the cations and anions together in a complex spatial geometry, displayed in Fig. 2.