organic compounds
Bis{4-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)selanyl]-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-2-ium} chloride monohydrate
aNational Taras Shevchenko University, Department of Chemistry, Volodymyrska str. 64, 01033 Kyiv, Ukraine, and bFaculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, 14, F. Joliot-Curie Str., 50383, Wroclaw, Poland
*Correspondence e-mail: pavlenko_vadim@univ.kiev.ua
In the title compound, 2C10H15N4Se+·Cl−·OH−, a singly protonated molecule of the organic selenide participates in hydrogen bonding with neighboring molecules, forming zigzag chains along [001]. The molecule adapts a cis bridging mode with a C—Se—C angle of 102.13 (15)°. π–π stacking interactions are observed between the closest pyrazole rings of neighboring chains [centroid–centroid distance = 3.888 (1) Å] and hydrogen bonding occurs through bridging chloride anions and hydroxide groups. Additionally, O—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds are formed.
Related literature
For details and applications of related pyrazoles, see: Krämer & Fritsky (2000); Fritsky et al. (2004); Kovbasyuk et al. (2004); Sachse et al. (2008); Penkova et al. (20098). For structural studies of related bis(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)selenides, see: Seredyuk et al. (2010a). For structural studies of d-metal complexes of bis(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)selenide, see: Seredyuk et al. (2007, 2009, 2010b).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Refinement
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Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2009); cell SAINT (Bruker, 2009); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SIR2004 (Burla et al., 2005); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 2009); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97.
Supporting information
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536812025640/rk2354sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536812025640/rk2354Isup2.hkl
Supporting information file. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536812025640/rk2354Isup3.cdx
Supporting information file. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536812025640/rk2354Isup4.cml
A solution of a batch of bis(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)selenide (Seredyuk et al., 2007)) in aqueous HClconc was disposed in a fridge at 277 K for one week. The obtained well formed colourless crystals were filtered off and air dried. C10H17ClN4OSe requires: C, 37.11; H, 5.29; N, 17.31. Found: C, 37.65; H, 5.37; N, 17.03.
The chlorine ion and the oxygen and hydrogen atoms of the hydroxide anion were found to occupy special positions (2-fold axis) with occupancy factors of 0.5. The H atoms from NH and OH were located from the difference Fourier map. The H atoms lined to N2 and N4 nitrogen atoms were refined freely, while hydrogen atoms of OH group and that linked to N1 nitrogen atom were constrained to ride on their parent atom, with Uiso = 1.5Ueq(parent atom). The methyl H atoms were positioned geometrically and refined as riding atoms, with C–H = 0.96Å and Uiso = 1.5Ueq(C).
Pyrazole-derived ligands are widely used in molecular magnetism, bioinorganic modelling and supramolecular chemistry due to their bridging nature and possibility for easy functionalization (Krämer et al., 2000; Fritsky et al., 2004; Kovbasyuk et al., 2004; Sachse et al., 2008; Penkova et al., 2009). As a part of our synthetic and structural study of bis(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)selenides (Seredyuk et al., 2010a) and their complexes with d-metals (Seredyuk et al., 2007, 2009; Seredyuk et al., 2010b), we report here the molecular and crystal structures of the title compound (Fig. 1).
In the cation of the title compound, a singly π···π-stacking interaction is observed (centroid-centroid distance is 3.888 (1)Å) and hydrogen bonding through a bridging chloride anion (d(N···Cl) = 3.146 (3)Å) and a hydroxyde group (d(Ow···N) = 2.747 (3)Å). Additionally, a hydrogen bond Ow–H···Cl 3.166 (4)Å is found.
of the organic selenide (C10H15N4Se)+ participates in hydrogen bonding (d(N···N) = 2.804 (4)Å) with neighbor molecules forming zigzag chains along [0 0 1] (Fig. 2). The molecule adapts a cis mode of bridging with the C–Se–C angle of 102.13 (15)°. Between the closest pyrazole rings of the neighbor chains,In the title compounds, the pyrazole rings exhibits C–C, C–N, N–N bond lengths which are normal for the substituted pyrazole molecules and close to those reported for related compounds.
For details and applications of related pyrazoles, see: Krämer & Fritsky (2000); Fritsky et al. (2004); Kovbasyuk et al. (2004); Sachse et al. (2008); Penkova et al. (20098). For structural studies of related bis(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)selenides, see: Seredyuk et al. (2010a). For structural studies of d-metal complexes of bis(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)selenide, see: Seredyuk et al. (2007, 2009, 2010b).
Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2009); cell
SAINT (Bruker, 2009); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2009); program(s) used to solve structure: SIR2004 (Burla et al., 2005); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 2009); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008).2C10H15N4Se+·Cl−·HO− | F(000) = 1200 |
Mr = 592.90 | Dx = 1.561 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, C2/c | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: -C 2yc | Cell parameters from 3236 reflections |
a = 22.805 (2) Å | θ = 3.3–28.3° |
b = 8.8154 (8) Å | µ = 3.07 mm−1 |
c = 16.7462 (15) Å | T = 100 K |
β = 131.448 (7)° | Block, colourless |
V = 2523.4 (5) Å3 | 0.25 × 0.20 × 0.12 mm |
Z = 4 |
Bruker SMART APEXII CCD diffractometer | 2926 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 2211 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Flat graphite crystal monochromator | Rint = 0.087 |
Detector resolution: 16 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 28.5°, θmin = 3.3° |
φ– and ω–scans | h = −30→30 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2009) | k = −11→9 |
Tmin = 0.488, Tmax = 0.698 | l = −21→21 |
7656 measured reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.044 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.107 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 1.01 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0538P)2] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
2926 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
160 parameters | Δρmax = 1.15 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.72 e Å−3 |
2C10H15N4Se+·Cl−·HO− | V = 2523.4 (5) Å3 |
Mr = 592.90 | Z = 4 |
Monoclinic, C2/c | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 22.805 (2) Å | µ = 3.07 mm−1 |
b = 8.8154 (8) Å | T = 100 K |
c = 16.7462 (15) Å | 0.25 × 0.20 × 0.12 mm |
β = 131.448 (7)° |
Bruker SMART APEXII CCD diffractometer | 2926 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2009) | 2211 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.488, Tmax = 0.698 | Rint = 0.087 |
7656 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.044 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.107 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 1.01 | Δρmax = 1.15 e Å−3 |
2926 reflections | Δρmin = −0.72 e Å−3 |
160 parameters |
Geometry. All s.u.'s (except the s.u. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell s.u.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of s.u.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between s.u.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell s.u.'s is used for estimating s.u.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R-factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
Se1 | 0.77024 (2) | 0.12139 (4) | 0.23905 (3) | 0.01783 (13) | |
Cl1 | 0.5000 | 0.43772 (14) | 0.2500 | 0.0219 (3) | |
O1 | 1.0000 | 0.5786 (4) | 0.2500 | 0.0268 (9) | |
H1O | 1.0000 | 0.6625 | 0.2500 | 0.040* | |
N1 | 0.86540 (17) | 0.4303 (3) | 0.1726 (2) | 0.0181 (7) | |
H1N1 | 0.8971 | 0.4766 | 0.1798 | 0.027* | |
N2 | 0.78857 (17) | 0.4481 (3) | 0.0854 (2) | 0.0161 (6) | |
N3 | 0.73588 (18) | 0.3657 (3) | 0.4133 (2) | 0.0198 (7) | |
N4 | 0.66123 (19) | 0.3412 (4) | 0.3203 (3) | 0.0205 (7) | |
C1 | 0.9500 (2) | 0.2805 (4) | 0.3390 (3) | 0.0252 (9) | |
H1A | 0.9760 | 0.2174 | 0.3240 | 0.038* | |
H1B | 0.9430 | 0.2250 | 0.3815 | 0.038* | |
H1C | 0.9811 | 0.3691 | 0.3772 | 0.038* | |
C2 | 0.8718 (2) | 0.3275 (4) | 0.2366 (3) | 0.0169 (7) | |
C3 | 0.7966 (2) | 0.2779 (4) | 0.1888 (3) | 0.0151 (7) | |
C4 | 0.7459 (2) | 0.3561 (4) | 0.0927 (3) | 0.0155 (7) | |
C5 | 0.6585 (2) | 0.3489 (4) | 0.0064 (3) | 0.0240 (9) | |
H5A | 0.6349 | 0.4060 | 0.0277 | 0.036* | |
H5B | 0.6417 | 0.2451 | −0.0055 | 0.036* | |
H5C | 0.6429 | 0.3909 | −0.0581 | 0.036* | |
C6 | 0.8690 (2) | 0.3080 (5) | 0.4851 (3) | 0.0251 (9) | |
H6A | 0.8830 | 0.3557 | 0.5472 | 0.038* | |
H6B | 0.8896 | 0.3660 | 0.4600 | 0.038* | |
H6C | 0.8902 | 0.2072 | 0.5027 | 0.038* | |
C7 | 0.7813 (2) | 0.3004 (4) | 0.3993 (3) | 0.0173 (7) | |
C8 | 0.7356 (2) | 0.2344 (4) | 0.2981 (3) | 0.0160 (7) | |
C9 | 0.6587 (2) | 0.2626 (4) | 0.2498 (3) | 0.0182 (8) | |
C10 | 0.5831 (2) | 0.2243 (4) | 0.1410 (3) | 0.0263 (9) | |
H10A | 0.5455 | 0.1925 | 0.1463 | 0.039* | |
H10B | 0.5916 | 0.1439 | 0.1111 | 0.039* | |
H10C | 0.5638 | 0.3122 | 0.0961 | 0.039* | |
H1N4 | 0.629 (3) | 0.372 (5) | 0.319 (4) | 0.032 (14)* | |
H1N2 | 0.769 (2) | 0.513 (5) | 0.021 (4) | 0.037 (12)* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
Se1 | 0.0250 (2) | 0.01211 (19) | 0.0227 (2) | 0.00254 (15) | 0.01847 (18) | 0.00275 (15) |
Cl1 | 0.0164 (6) | 0.0200 (6) | 0.0282 (7) | 0.000 | 0.0143 (6) | 0.000 |
O1 | 0.029 (2) | 0.0157 (18) | 0.024 (2) | 0.000 | 0.0128 (19) | 0.000 |
N1 | 0.0165 (15) | 0.0195 (15) | 0.0183 (16) | 0.0001 (12) | 0.0115 (14) | 0.0006 (13) |
N2 | 0.0172 (15) | 0.0167 (15) | 0.0171 (16) | −0.0006 (12) | 0.0125 (14) | 0.0005 (13) |
N3 | 0.0199 (15) | 0.0247 (17) | 0.0175 (16) | 0.0062 (13) | 0.0135 (14) | 0.0053 (13) |
N4 | 0.0179 (16) | 0.0260 (18) | 0.0220 (18) | 0.0056 (13) | 0.0151 (16) | 0.0079 (14) |
C1 | 0.0207 (19) | 0.031 (2) | 0.022 (2) | 0.0051 (16) | 0.0131 (18) | 0.0058 (17) |
C2 | 0.0171 (18) | 0.0192 (17) | 0.0178 (19) | 0.0003 (14) | 0.0129 (16) | −0.0024 (15) |
C3 | 0.0181 (18) | 0.0131 (16) | 0.0177 (19) | 0.0009 (14) | 0.0134 (16) | 0.0007 (14) |
C4 | 0.0212 (18) | 0.0115 (17) | 0.0172 (18) | 0.0001 (14) | 0.0142 (17) | −0.0010 (13) |
C5 | 0.023 (2) | 0.023 (2) | 0.022 (2) | −0.0016 (16) | 0.0137 (18) | 0.0037 (16) |
C6 | 0.023 (2) | 0.033 (2) | 0.018 (2) | 0.0052 (17) | 0.0126 (18) | 0.0010 (17) |
C7 | 0.0185 (18) | 0.0176 (18) | 0.0202 (19) | 0.0046 (14) | 0.0147 (16) | 0.0070 (15) |
C8 | 0.0215 (18) | 0.0144 (17) | 0.0195 (18) | 0.0054 (14) | 0.0167 (17) | 0.0076 (14) |
C9 | 0.0216 (18) | 0.0177 (18) | 0.023 (2) | 0.0004 (14) | 0.0178 (18) | 0.0035 (15) |
C10 | 0.021 (2) | 0.031 (2) | 0.028 (2) | −0.0020 (17) | 0.0162 (19) | 0.0033 (18) |
Se1—C8 | 1.904 (4) | C2—C3 | 1.398 (5) |
Se1—C3 | 1.908 (3) | C3—C4 | 1.393 (5) |
O1—H1O | 0.7393 | C4—C5 | 1.500 (5) |
N1—C2 | 1.336 (5) | C5—H5A | 0.9600 |
N1—N2 | 1.356 (4) | C5—H5B | 0.9600 |
N1—H1N1 | 0.7666 | C5—H5C | 0.9600 |
N2—C4 | 1.333 (4) | C6—C7 | 1.504 (5) |
N2—H1N2 | 1.03 (5) | C6—H6A | 0.9600 |
N3—C7 | 1.333 (4) | C6—H6B | 0.9600 |
N3—N4 | 1.363 (4) | C6—H6C | 0.9600 |
N4—C9 | 1.338 (5) | C7—C8 | 1.400 (5) |
N4—H1N4 | 0.77 (4) | C8—C9 | 1.384 (5) |
C1—C2 | 1.498 (5) | C9—C10 | 1.499 (5) |
C1—H1A | 0.9600 | C10—H10A | 0.9600 |
C1—H1B | 0.9600 | C10—H10B | 0.9600 |
C1—H1C | 0.9600 | C10—H10C | 0.9600 |
C8—Se1—C3 | 102.13 (15) | C4—C5—H5B | 109.5 |
C2—N1—N2 | 108.6 (3) | H5A—C5—H5B | 109.5 |
C2—N1—H1N1 | 130.1 | C4—C5—H5C | 109.5 |
N2—N1—H1N1 | 121.3 | H5A—C5—H5C | 109.5 |
C4—N2—N1 | 109.4 (3) | H5B—C5—H5C | 109.5 |
C4—N2—H1N2 | 127 (2) | C7—C6—H6A | 109.5 |
N1—N2—H1N2 | 124 (2) | C7—C6—H6B | 109.5 |
C7—N3—N4 | 105.0 (3) | H6A—C6—H6B | 109.5 |
C9—N4—N3 | 112.4 (3) | C7—C6—H6C | 109.5 |
C9—N4—H1N4 | 132 (4) | H6A—C6—H6C | 109.5 |
N3—N4—H1N4 | 115 (4) | H6B—C6—H6C | 109.5 |
C2—C1—H1A | 109.5 | N3—C7—C8 | 110.5 (3) |
C2—C1—H1B | 109.5 | N3—C7—C6 | 120.6 (3) |
H1A—C1—H1B | 109.5 | C8—C7—C6 | 128.9 (3) |
C2—C1—H1C | 109.5 | C9—C8—C7 | 105.7 (3) |
H1A—C1—H1C | 109.5 | C9—C8—Se1 | 126.3 (3) |
H1B—C1—H1C | 109.5 | C7—C8—Se1 | 127.9 (3) |
N1—C2—C3 | 108.2 (3) | N4—C9—C8 | 106.3 (3) |
N1—C2—C1 | 121.4 (3) | N4—C9—C10 | 122.1 (3) |
C3—C2—C1 | 130.4 (3) | C8—C9—C10 | 131.5 (3) |
C4—C3—C2 | 105.8 (3) | C9—C10—H10A | 109.5 |
C4—C3—Se1 | 127.2 (3) | C9—C10—H10B | 109.5 |
C2—C3—Se1 | 126.8 (3) | H10A—C10—H10B | 109.5 |
N2—C4—C3 | 108.0 (3) | C9—C10—H10C | 109.5 |
N2—C4—C5 | 121.5 (3) | H10A—C10—H10C | 109.5 |
C3—C4—C5 | 130.5 (3) | H10B—C10—H10C | 109.5 |
C4—C5—H5A | 109.5 | ||
C2—N1—N2—C4 | −0.7 (4) | Se1—C3—C4—C5 | 4.3 (6) |
C7—N3—N4—C9 | 0.4 (4) | N4—N3—C7—C8 | −0.2 (4) |
N2—N1—C2—C3 | 0.0 (4) | N4—N3—C7—C6 | 178.2 (3) |
N2—N1—C2—C1 | 178.8 (3) | N3—C7—C8—C9 | −0.1 (4) |
N1—C2—C3—C4 | 0.7 (4) | C6—C7—C8—C9 | −178.3 (4) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | −178.0 (4) | N3—C7—C8—Se1 | −177.7 (2) |
N1—C2—C3—Se1 | 175.3 (3) | C6—C7—C8—Se1 | 4.1 (6) |
C1—C2—C3—Se1 | −3.3 (6) | C3—Se1—C8—C9 | 99.9 (3) |
C8—Se1—C3—C4 | −82.7 (3) | C3—Se1—C8—C7 | −83.0 (3) |
C8—Se1—C3—C2 | 103.8 (3) | N3—N4—C9—C8 | −0.5 (4) |
N1—N2—C4—C3 | 1.1 (4) | N3—N4—C9—C10 | −178.8 (3) |
N1—N2—C4—C5 | −178.9 (3) | C7—C8—C9—N4 | 0.3 (4) |
C2—C3—C4—N2 | −1.1 (4) | Se1—C8—C9—N4 | 178.0 (3) |
Se1—C3—C4—N2 | −175.7 (2) | C7—C8—C9—C10 | 178.5 (4) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | 178.9 (4) | Se1—C8—C9—C10 | −3.9 (6) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N1—H1N1···O1 | 0.77 | 2.01 | 2.747 (3) | 161 |
N4—H1N4···Cl1 | 0.77 (4) | 2.42 (5) | 3.146 (3) | 160 (5) |
O1—H1O···Cl1i | 0.74 | 2.43 | 3.166 (4) | 180 |
N2—H1N2···N3ii | 1.03 (5) | 1.78 (5) | 2.804 (4) | 177 (4) |
Symmetry codes: (i) x+1/2, y+1/2, z; (ii) x, −y+1, z−1/2. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | 2C10H15N4Se+·Cl−·HO− |
Mr | 592.90 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, C2/c |
Temperature (K) | 100 |
a, b, c (Å) | 22.805 (2), 8.8154 (8), 16.7462 (15) |
β (°) | 131.448 (7) |
V (Å3) | 2523.4 (5) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 3.07 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.25 × 0.20 × 0.12 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Bruker SMART APEXII CCD |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2009) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.488, 0.698 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 7656, 2926, 2211 |
Rint | 0.087 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.670 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.044, 0.107, 1.01 |
No. of reflections | 2926 |
No. of parameters | 160 |
H-atom treatment | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 1.15, −0.72 |
Computer programs: APEX2 (Bruker, 2009), SAINT (Bruker, 2009), SIR2004 (Burla et al., 2005), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 2009).
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N1—H1N1···O1 | 0.77 | 2.01 | 2.747 (3) | 160.7 |
N4—H1N4···Cl1 | 0.77 (4) | 2.42 (5) | 3.146 (3) | 160 (5) |
O1—H1O···Cl1i | 0.74 | 2.43 | 3.166 (4) | 180.0 |
N2—H1N2···N3ii | 1.03 (5) | 1.78 (5) | 2.804 (4) | 177 (4) |
Symmetry codes: (i) x+1/2, y+1/2, z; (ii) x, −y+1, z−1/2. |
Acknowledgements
Financial support from the State Fund for Fundamental Research of Ukraine (grant No. F40.3/041) and the Swedish Institute (Visby Program) is gratefully acknowledged.
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Pyrazole-derived ligands are widely used in molecular magnetism, bioinorganic modelling and supramolecular chemistry due to their bridging nature and possibility for easy functionalization (Krämer et al., 2000; Fritsky et al., 2004; Kovbasyuk et al., 2004; Sachse et al., 2008; Penkova et al., 2009). As a part of our synthetic and structural study of bis(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)selenides (Seredyuk et al., 2010a) and their complexes with d-metals (Seredyuk et al., 2007, 2009; Seredyuk et al., 2010b), we report here the molecular and crystal structures of the title compound (Fig. 1).
In the cation of the title compound, a singly protonated molecule of the organic selenide (C10H15N4Se)+ participates in hydrogen bonding (d(N···N) = 2.804 (4)Å) with neighbor molecules forming zigzag chains along [0 0 1] (Fig. 2). The molecule adapts a cis mode of bridging with the C–Se–C angle of 102.13 (15)°. Between the closest pyrazole rings of the neighbor chains, π···π-stacking interaction is observed (centroid-centroid distance is 3.888 (1)Å) and hydrogen bonding through a bridging chloride anion (d(N···Cl) = 3.146 (3)Å) and a hydroxyde group (d(Ow···N) = 2.747 (3)Å). Additionally, a hydrogen bond Ow–H···Cl 3.166 (4)Å is found.
In the title compounds, the pyrazole rings exhibits C–C, C–N, N–N bond lengths which are normal for the substituted pyrazole molecules and close to those reported for related compounds.