organic compounds
Diosgenin hemihydrate
aEscuelas de Ingeniería en Petróleos e Ingeniería Química, Universidad del Istmo, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 70760 Sto. Domingo Tehuantepec, Oax. 70760, Mexico, bDEP Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UANL, Guerrero y Progreso S/N, Col. Treviño, 64570 Monterrey, NL, Mexico, and cFacultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF 04510, Mexico
*Correspondence e-mail: sylvain_bernes@hotmail.com
Diosgenin [or (22R,25R)-spirost-5-en-3β-ol] is the starting material of the Marker degradation, a cheap semi-synthesis of progesterone, which has been designated as an International Historic Chemical Landmark. Thus far, a single X-ray structure for diosgenin is known, namely its dimethyl sulfoxide solvate [Zhang et al. (2005). Acta Cryst. E61, o2324–o2325]. We have now determined the structure of the hemihydrate, C27H42O3·0.5H2O. The contains two diosgenin molecules, with quite similar conformations, and one water molecule. Hydroxy groups in and water molecules form O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonded R54(10) ring motifs. Fused edge-sharing R(10) rings form a backbone oriented along [100], which aggregates the diosgenin molecules in the crystal structure.
Related literature
For historical background to the use of diosgenin in the synthesis of progesterone, see: Lehmann (1992); Djerassi (1992); Zhang et al. (2011). For the solubility of diosgenin, see: Chen et al. (2012). For the structure of diosgenin dimethyl sulfoxide solvate, see: Zhang et al. (2005). For a steroidal featuring an R54(10)-based supramolecular structure, see: Xia et al. (2005).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Data collection
Refinement
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Data collection: CrysAlis CCD (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); cell CrysAlis CCD; data reduction: CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008) and Mercury (Macrae et al., 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97.
Supporting information
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536812027912/gg2085sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536812027912/gg2085Isup2.hkl
Diosgenin hemihydrate was initially obtained as unreacted material in a reaction attempt between diosgenin and terephthaloyl chloride. The same hemihydrate may be obtained by stirring diosgenin in CH2Cl2 (1 mmol in 20 ml) until complete dissolution. After washing the solution with distilled water, the organic phase is dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue is then crystallized from hexane/acetone (3:2).
The search for a single-crystal was challenging. After a number of attempts, a sample with a thickness limited to 0.03 mm was collected, although data reduction revealed that it was not a single-crystal. The poor sample quality is reflected in the high residual for symmetry-equivalent reflections, Rint = 0.131. Hydroxy H atoms, H3, H53, H1W and H2W, were found in a difference map and refined freely. The geometry for the water molecule was however restrained, with O—H = 0.85 (2) Å, and H1W···H2W = 1.34 (1) Å. Other H atoms, bonded to C atoms, were placed in idealized positions and refined as riding to their carrier atoms. Isotropic displacement parameters for H atoms were calculated as Uiso(H) = xUeq(carrier atom) where x = 1.5 for methyl H atoms and x = 1.2 for other H atoms. The
was assigned from chiral centers with known configuration in the steroidal nucleus, and measured Friedel pairs (3683) were merged.Diosgenin is a steroid sapogenin available from natural sources, which is used for the commercial synthesis of steroid products like cortisone, pregnenolone and progesterone, amongst others (Djerassi, 1992; Zhang et al., 2011). Its most significant application has been as a precursor in an economical semi-synthesis of progesterone, developed by Marker before World War II. This route, known as the Marker degradation (Lehmann, 1992), has been designated as an International Historic Chemical Landmark by the American Chemical Society and the Sociedad Química de México. However, the X-ray structure of diosgenin remains unknown, and only the dimethyl sulfoxide solvate has been characterized crystallographically so far (Zhang et al., 2005). This is not surprising, taking into account the poor solubility of this steroid in polar solvents (Chen et al., 2012).
We have now crystallized diosgenin hemihydrate. The
contains two diosgenin molecules and one lattice water molecule (Fig. 1). Diosgenin displays a rigid conformation, as reflected by the small r.m.s. deviation for the fit between independent molecules, of 0.16 Å. This conformation is also very close to that observed in the DMSO solvate (Zhang et al., 2005; with r.m.s. deviations with the molecules of the title crystal: 0.22 and 0.23 Å).In contrast with the DMSO solvate, in which discrete hydrogen bonds are formed between the steroid and the solvent, the hemihydrate gives rise to a supramolecular structure. Ring motifs R54(10) are formed by three diosgenin and two water molecules. These motifs share edges with neighboring symmetry-related R(10) rings, forming a chain of fused rings in the crystal (Fig. 2), oriented in the [100] direction. This backbone based on efficient hydrogen bonds aggregates molecules in the crystal, and allows the crystallization of the hemihydrate. Such one-dimensional supramolecular structure is found in other
hydrates. Indeed, 11 identical supramolecular arrangements were found in the CSD, predominantly for androstane and androstene derivatives hydrates (e.g. Xia et al., 2005). It thus seems that these kind of functionalized with an alcohol group at C3 should have a propensity to crystallize as hydrates, since a stabilizing supramolecular structure may be arranged.For historical background to the use of diosgenin in the synthesis of progesterone, see: Lehmann (1992); Djerassi (1992); Zhang et al. (2011). For the solubility of diosgenin, see: Chen et al. (2012). For the structure of diosgenin dimethyl sulfoxide solvate, see: Zhang et al. (2005). For a steroidal
featuring an R54(10)-based supramolecular structure, see: Xia et al. (2005).Data collection: CrysAlis CCD (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); cell
CrysAlis CCD (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); data reduction: CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008) and Mercury (Macrae et al., 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008).C27H42O3·0.5H2O | Dx = 1.163 Mg m−3 |
Mr = 423.61 | Melting point: 590 K |
Orthorhombic, P212121 | Cu Kα radiation, λ = 1.54180 Å |
Hall symbol: P 2ac 2ab | Cell parameters from 1880 reflections |
a = 7.3483 (5) Å | θ = 3.5–67.7° |
b = 19.698 (2) Å | µ = 0.58 mm−1 |
c = 33.440 (3) Å | T = 136 K |
V = 4840.3 (8) Å3 | Plate, colourless |
Z = 8 | 0.50 × 0.17 × 0.03 mm |
F(000) = 1864 |
Oxford Diffraction Xcalibur Atlas Gemini diffractometer | 4918 independent reflections |
Radiation source: Enhance (Cu) X-ray Source | 3573 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.131 |
Detector resolution: 10.4685 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 67.4°, θmin = 3.5° |
ω scans | h = −5→8 |
Absorption correction: analytical [CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); based on expressions derived by Clark & Reid (1995)] | k = −20→23 |
Tmin = 0.821, Tmax = 0.981 | l = −40→34 |
17450 measured reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.072 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.177 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 1.13 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.05P)2] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
4918 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
570 parameters | Δρmax = 0.31 e Å−3 |
3 restraints | Δρmin = −0.36 e Å−3 |
0 constraints |
C27H42O3·0.5H2O | V = 4840.3 (8) Å3 |
Mr = 423.61 | Z = 8 |
Orthorhombic, P212121 | Cu Kα radiation |
a = 7.3483 (5) Å | µ = 0.58 mm−1 |
b = 19.698 (2) Å | T = 136 K |
c = 33.440 (3) Å | 0.50 × 0.17 × 0.03 mm |
Oxford Diffraction Xcalibur Atlas Gemini diffractometer | 4918 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: analytical [CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); based on expressions derived by Clark & Reid (1995)] | 3573 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.821, Tmax = 0.981 | Rint = 0.131 |
17450 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.072 | 3 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.177 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 1.13 | Δρmax = 0.31 e Å−3 |
4918 reflections | Δρmin = −0.36 e Å−3 |
570 parameters |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
C1 | −0.5923 (7) | 0.7342 (3) | 0.13594 (14) | 0.0290 (12) | |
H1A | −0.7238 | 0.7308 | 0.1421 | 0.035* | |
H1B | −0.5541 | 0.7815 | 0.1413 | 0.035* | |
C2 | −0.5635 (7) | 0.7189 (3) | 0.09132 (15) | 0.0334 (13) | |
H2A | −0.6112 | 0.6731 | 0.0851 | 0.040* | |
H2B | −0.6317 | 0.7523 | 0.0750 | 0.040* | |
C3 | −0.3633 (7) | 0.7222 (3) | 0.08070 (15) | 0.0289 (11) | |
H3A | −0.3172 | 0.7694 | 0.0851 | 0.035* | |
O3 | −0.3447 (5) | 0.7044 (2) | 0.03903 (10) | 0.0320 (8) | |
H3 | −0.233 (9) | 0.695 (3) | 0.0297 (17) | 0.038* | |
C4 | −0.2557 (7) | 0.6725 (3) | 0.10695 (15) | 0.0308 (12) | |
H4A | −0.2920 | 0.6254 | 0.1002 | 0.037* | |
H4B | −0.1243 | 0.6773 | 0.1011 | 0.037* | |
C5 | −0.2877 (7) | 0.6847 (3) | 0.15135 (15) | 0.0272 (11) | |
C6 | −0.1487 (7) | 0.6917 (3) | 0.17587 (15) | 0.0279 (11) | |
H6A | −0.0298 | 0.6915 | 0.1647 | 0.033* | |
C7 | −0.1669 (7) | 0.7001 (3) | 0.22032 (14) | 0.0259 (11) | |
H7A | −0.1392 | 0.7477 | 0.2275 | 0.031* | |
H7B | −0.0762 | 0.6707 | 0.2338 | 0.031* | |
C8 | −0.3565 (7) | 0.6821 (2) | 0.23572 (14) | 0.0237 (11) | |
H8A | −0.3715 | 0.6316 | 0.2348 | 0.028* | |
C9 | −0.4999 (7) | 0.7147 (2) | 0.20819 (14) | 0.0231 (10) | |
H9A | −0.4682 | 0.7640 | 0.2064 | 0.028* | |
C10 | −0.4859 (7) | 0.6858 (2) | 0.16451 (15) | 0.0248 (11) | |
C11 | −0.6944 (7) | 0.7113 (3) | 0.22522 (15) | 0.0310 (12) | |
H11A | −0.7748 | 0.7406 | 0.2089 | 0.037* | |
H11B | −0.7397 | 0.6641 | 0.2229 | 0.037* | |
C12 | −0.7067 (7) | 0.7334 (3) | 0.26892 (15) | 0.0284 (11) | |
H12A | −0.8326 | 0.7265 | 0.2787 | 0.034* | |
H12B | −0.6780 | 0.7824 | 0.2710 | 0.034* | |
C13 | −0.5748 (7) | 0.6930 (3) | 0.29506 (14) | 0.0257 (11) | |
C14 | −0.3842 (7) | 0.7060 (2) | 0.27863 (14) | 0.0249 (11) | |
H14A | −0.3683 | 0.7564 | 0.2782 | 0.030* | |
C15 | −0.2581 (7) | 0.6793 (3) | 0.31154 (14) | 0.0289 (11) | |
H15A | −0.2504 | 0.6291 | 0.3111 | 0.035* | |
H15B | −0.1342 | 0.6986 | 0.3091 | 0.035* | |
C16 | −0.3531 (7) | 0.7045 (3) | 0.34912 (15) | 0.0274 (11) | |
H16A | −0.2916 | 0.7462 | 0.3595 | 0.033* | |
C17 | −0.5543 (7) | 0.7201 (2) | 0.33852 (15) | 0.0263 (11) | |
H17A | −0.5735 | 0.7704 | 0.3386 | 0.032* | |
C18 | −0.6231 (8) | 0.6166 (3) | 0.29475 (16) | 0.0329 (12) | |
H18A | −0.6083 | 0.5985 | 0.2676 | 0.049* | |
H18B | −0.7496 | 0.6106 | 0.3034 | 0.049* | |
H18C | −0.5422 | 0.5922 | 0.3131 | 0.049* | |
C19 | −0.5637 (8) | 0.6130 (3) | 0.16203 (16) | 0.0368 (13) | |
H19A | −0.5277 | 0.5923 | 0.1366 | 0.055* | |
H19B | −0.6968 | 0.6148 | 0.1637 | 0.055* | |
H19C | −0.5160 | 0.5859 | 0.1842 | 0.055* | |
C20 | −0.6654 (8) | 0.6881 (3) | 0.37263 (15) | 0.0331 (12) | |
H20A | −0.7202 | 0.6451 | 0.3622 | 0.040* | |
C21 | −0.8195 (9) | 0.7317 (4) | 0.38853 (18) | 0.0487 (16) | |
H21A | −0.8803 | 0.7080 | 0.4106 | 0.073* | |
H21B | −0.9073 | 0.7404 | 0.3671 | 0.073* | |
H21C | −0.7703 | 0.7750 | 0.3982 | 0.073* | |
C22 | −0.5214 (8) | 0.6686 (3) | 0.40287 (14) | 0.0314 (12) | |
O22 | −0.3637 (5) | 0.65326 (18) | 0.38008 (10) | 0.0306 (8) | |
C23 | −0.5652 (9) | 0.6065 (3) | 0.42891 (16) | 0.0375 (13) | |
H23A | −0.6838 | 0.6135 | 0.4423 | 0.045* | |
H23B | −0.5756 | 0.5658 | 0.4117 | 0.045* | |
C24 | −0.4197 (9) | 0.5945 (3) | 0.46013 (16) | 0.0382 (13) | |
H24A | −0.3055 | 0.5804 | 0.4468 | 0.046* | |
H24B | −0.4584 | 0.5573 | 0.4781 | 0.046* | |
C25 | −0.3849 (9) | 0.6590 (3) | 0.48480 (16) | 0.0388 (14) | |
H25A | −0.4967 | 0.6702 | 0.5005 | 0.047* | |
C26 | −0.3448 (8) | 0.7168 (3) | 0.45564 (16) | 0.0375 (13) | |
H26A | −0.3265 | 0.7594 | 0.4709 | 0.045* | |
H26B | −0.2306 | 0.7068 | 0.4411 | 0.045* | |
O26 | −0.4881 (6) | 0.72624 (19) | 0.42763 (10) | 0.0343 (9) | |
C27 | −0.2262 (10) | 0.6504 (5) | 0.5131 (2) | 0.062 (2) | |
H27A | −0.1991 | 0.6939 | 0.5260 | 0.094* | |
H27B | −0.1193 | 0.6349 | 0.4982 | 0.094* | |
H27C | −0.2574 | 0.6167 | 0.5336 | 0.094* | |
C51 | 0.1484 (8) | 0.9123 (3) | 0.08829 (15) | 0.0332 (12) | |
H51A | 0.2659 | 0.9356 | 0.0929 | 0.040* | |
H51B | 0.1635 | 0.8644 | 0.0966 | 0.040* | |
C52 | 0.1074 (8) | 0.9138 (3) | 0.04339 (16) | 0.0380 (14) | |
H52A | 0.1088 | 0.9614 | 0.0338 | 0.046* | |
H52B | 0.2026 | 0.8884 | 0.0288 | 0.046* | |
C53 | −0.0776 (8) | 0.8824 (3) | 0.03508 (15) | 0.0346 (13) | |
H53A | −0.0774 | 0.8345 | 0.0450 | 0.041* | |
O53 | −0.1234 (6) | 0.8824 (2) | −0.00652 (11) | 0.0398 (10) | |
H53 | −0.030 (10) | 0.864 (4) | −0.0216 (18) | 0.048* | |
C54 | −0.2235 (8) | 0.9220 (3) | 0.05734 (15) | 0.0326 (12) | |
H54A | −0.2259 | 0.9694 | 0.0475 | 0.039* | |
H54B | −0.3441 | 0.9015 | 0.0520 | 0.039* | |
C55 | −0.1871 (8) | 0.9218 (3) | 0.10181 (15) | 0.0284 (11) | |
C56 | −0.3132 (7) | 0.8993 (3) | 0.12685 (16) | 0.0307 (12) | |
H56A | −0.4271 | 0.8861 | 0.1159 | 0.037* | |
C57 | −0.2893 (8) | 0.8931 (3) | 0.17109 (16) | 0.0330 (12) | |
H57A | −0.2695 | 0.8448 | 0.1780 | 0.040* | |
H57B | −0.4024 | 0.9082 | 0.1845 | 0.040* | |
C58 | −0.1290 (7) | 0.9352 (2) | 0.18683 (15) | 0.0265 (11) | |
H58A | −0.1632 | 0.9843 | 0.1866 | 0.032* | |
C59 | 0.0371 (7) | 0.9245 (3) | 0.15971 (14) | 0.0255 (11) | |
H59A | 0.0596 | 0.8745 | 0.1592 | 0.031* | |
C60 | 0.0013 (8) | 0.9458 (3) | 0.11552 (15) | 0.0294 (12) | |
C61 | 0.2116 (8) | 0.9569 (3) | 0.17732 (16) | 0.0346 (13) | |
H61A | 0.3171 | 0.9434 | 0.1607 | 0.042* | |
H61B | 0.2006 | 1.0069 | 0.1760 | 0.042* | |
C62 | 0.2473 (8) | 0.9358 (3) | 0.22073 (16) | 0.0353 (13) | |
H62A | 0.2749 | 0.8867 | 0.2217 | 0.042* | |
H62B | 0.3549 | 0.9606 | 0.2309 | 0.042* | |
C63 | 0.0844 (7) | 0.9507 (3) | 0.24752 (15) | 0.0257 (11) | |
C64 | −0.0824 (7) | 0.9140 (2) | 0.22941 (14) | 0.0258 (11) | |
H64A | −0.0484 | 0.8650 | 0.2279 | 0.031* | |
C65 | −0.2273 (8) | 0.9192 (3) | 0.26234 (15) | 0.0345 (13) | |
H65A | −0.2837 | 0.9648 | 0.2629 | 0.041* | |
H65B | −0.3235 | 0.8845 | 0.2588 | 0.041* | |
C66 | −0.1155 (8) | 0.9059 (3) | 0.29997 (15) | 0.0299 (12) | |
H66A | −0.1350 | 0.8584 | 0.3096 | 0.036* | |
C67 | 0.0877 (8) | 0.9178 (3) | 0.29005 (14) | 0.0268 (11) | |
H67A | 0.1514 | 0.8730 | 0.2886 | 0.032* | |
C68 | 0.0511 (8) | 1.0276 (3) | 0.25050 (15) | 0.0319 (12) | |
H68A | 0.0178 | 1.0454 | 0.2241 | 0.048* | |
H68B | 0.1622 | 1.0501 | 0.2599 | 0.048* | |
H68C | −0.0480 | 1.0364 | 0.2694 | 0.048* | |
C69 | 0.0099 (9) | 1.0231 (3) | 0.11037 (16) | 0.0367 (13) | |
H69A | −0.0763 | 1.0446 | 0.1288 | 0.055* | |
H69B | −0.0218 | 1.0349 | 0.0828 | 0.055* | |
H69C | 0.1334 | 1.0390 | 0.1163 | 0.055* | |
C70 | 0.1610 (8) | 0.9579 (3) | 0.32608 (15) | 0.0291 (12) | |
H70A | 0.1786 | 1.0060 | 0.3173 | 0.035* | |
C71 | 0.3431 (8) | 0.9323 (3) | 0.34269 (17) | 0.0397 (14) | |
H71A | 0.4351 | 0.9332 | 0.3215 | 0.060* | |
H71B | 0.3286 | 0.8857 | 0.3525 | 0.060* | |
H71C | 0.3821 | 0.9617 | 0.3647 | 0.060* | |
C72 | 0.0016 (8) | 0.9564 (3) | 0.35482 (15) | 0.0309 (12) | |
O72 | −0.1563 (5) | 0.95371 (18) | 0.33112 (10) | 0.0299 (8) | |
C73 | −0.0145 (8) | 1.0185 (3) | 0.38266 (15) | 0.0329 (12) | |
H73A | 0.1006 | 1.0242 | 0.3977 | 0.039* | |
H73B | −0.0338 | 1.0598 | 0.3664 | 0.039* | |
C74 | −0.1697 (9) | 1.0106 (3) | 0.41173 (16) | 0.0380 (13) | |
H74A | −0.2865 | 1.0105 | 0.3970 | 0.046* | |
H74B | −0.1708 | 1.0495 | 0.4305 | 0.046* | |
C75 | −0.1508 (9) | 0.9442 (3) | 0.43536 (15) | 0.0360 (13) | |
H75A | −0.0380 | 0.9465 | 0.4521 | 0.043* | |
C76 | −0.1306 (9) | 0.8864 (3) | 0.40496 (16) | 0.0360 (13) | |
H76A | −0.1138 | 0.8430 | 0.4195 | 0.043* | |
H76B | −0.2439 | 0.8828 | 0.3891 | 0.043* | |
O76 | 0.0191 (5) | 0.89658 (17) | 0.37864 (10) | 0.0321 (8) | |
C77 | −0.3121 (10) | 0.9321 (3) | 0.46238 (19) | 0.0493 (16) | |
H77A | −0.3322 | 0.9722 | 0.4791 | 0.074* | |
H77B | −0.2882 | 0.8926 | 0.4795 | 0.074* | |
H77C | −0.4206 | 0.9235 | 0.4461 | 0.074* | |
O1W | 0.0209 (6) | 0.6938 (2) | 0.01496 (13) | 0.0484 (11) | |
H1W | 0.118 (6) | 0.669 (3) | 0.015 (2) | 0.058* | |
H2W | 0.055 (8) | 0.725 (2) | −0.0017 (17) | 0.058* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
C1 | 0.019 (3) | 0.036 (3) | 0.032 (3) | 0.005 (2) | −0.001 (2) | −0.004 (2) |
C2 | 0.026 (3) | 0.039 (3) | 0.035 (3) | 0.008 (3) | 0.000 (2) | −0.002 (2) |
C3 | 0.027 (3) | 0.027 (3) | 0.033 (3) | 0.002 (2) | −0.002 (2) | −0.005 (2) |
O3 | 0.026 (2) | 0.039 (2) | 0.0305 (18) | 0.0009 (18) | 0.0054 (17) | −0.0040 (15) |
C4 | 0.022 (3) | 0.036 (3) | 0.034 (3) | 0.003 (2) | −0.001 (2) | −0.004 (2) |
C5 | 0.022 (3) | 0.024 (3) | 0.035 (3) | 0.002 (2) | 0.001 (2) | −0.001 (2) |
C6 | 0.020 (3) | 0.027 (3) | 0.036 (3) | 0.002 (2) | 0.008 (2) | 0.002 (2) |
C7 | 0.019 (3) | 0.029 (3) | 0.030 (2) | 0.001 (2) | −0.002 (2) | −0.0029 (19) |
C8 | 0.024 (3) | 0.016 (2) | 0.031 (2) | −0.002 (2) | −0.001 (2) | −0.0033 (18) |
C9 | 0.022 (2) | 0.016 (2) | 0.031 (2) | −0.001 (2) | 0.000 (2) | −0.0039 (17) |
C10 | 0.019 (3) | 0.019 (2) | 0.037 (3) | 0.001 (2) | 0.000 (2) | 0.0010 (19) |
C11 | 0.028 (3) | 0.032 (3) | 0.034 (3) | 0.004 (2) | −0.004 (2) | −0.001 (2) |
C12 | 0.017 (3) | 0.033 (3) | 0.036 (3) | 0.003 (2) | 0.002 (2) | −0.001 (2) |
C13 | 0.024 (3) | 0.024 (3) | 0.029 (2) | 0.005 (2) | −0.001 (2) | 0.0004 (19) |
C14 | 0.026 (3) | 0.014 (2) | 0.035 (3) | 0.002 (2) | 0.002 (2) | −0.0013 (18) |
C15 | 0.026 (3) | 0.030 (3) | 0.031 (3) | −0.001 (2) | 0.001 (2) | 0.0035 (19) |
C16 | 0.028 (3) | 0.023 (3) | 0.031 (2) | −0.002 (2) | 0.003 (2) | 0.0028 (19) |
C17 | 0.028 (3) | 0.017 (2) | 0.034 (3) | 0.001 (2) | 0.000 (2) | −0.0029 (19) |
C18 | 0.029 (3) | 0.027 (3) | 0.042 (3) | −0.004 (2) | 0.002 (3) | 0.003 (2) |
C19 | 0.040 (3) | 0.026 (3) | 0.045 (3) | −0.009 (3) | −0.002 (3) | −0.007 (2) |
C20 | 0.031 (3) | 0.036 (3) | 0.032 (3) | −0.006 (3) | 0.000 (2) | −0.001 (2) |
C21 | 0.033 (3) | 0.070 (5) | 0.043 (3) | 0.015 (3) | 0.004 (3) | 0.009 (3) |
C22 | 0.034 (3) | 0.036 (3) | 0.024 (2) | 0.001 (3) | 0.002 (2) | −0.003 (2) |
O22 | 0.030 (2) | 0.031 (2) | 0.0306 (18) | 0.0057 (17) | 0.0020 (17) | 0.0077 (14) |
C23 | 0.041 (3) | 0.038 (3) | 0.034 (3) | −0.005 (3) | 0.000 (3) | 0.003 (2) |
C24 | 0.045 (3) | 0.034 (3) | 0.035 (3) | 0.001 (3) | 0.006 (3) | 0.004 (2) |
C25 | 0.036 (3) | 0.046 (3) | 0.034 (3) | 0.002 (3) | −0.003 (3) | 0.000 (2) |
C26 | 0.035 (3) | 0.043 (3) | 0.035 (3) | 0.000 (3) | 0.000 (3) | −0.006 (2) |
O26 | 0.036 (2) | 0.031 (2) | 0.0358 (18) | 0.0032 (18) | −0.0001 (18) | −0.0039 (15) |
C27 | 0.045 (4) | 0.092 (6) | 0.050 (4) | −0.005 (4) | −0.006 (4) | 0.010 (4) |
C51 | 0.024 (3) | 0.041 (3) | 0.035 (3) | 0.004 (3) | 0.003 (2) | −0.002 (2) |
C52 | 0.032 (3) | 0.045 (3) | 0.036 (3) | 0.004 (3) | 0.005 (3) | −0.001 (2) |
C53 | 0.036 (3) | 0.038 (3) | 0.030 (3) | 0.004 (3) | −0.005 (3) | 0.000 (2) |
O53 | 0.043 (3) | 0.044 (2) | 0.0317 (19) | 0.003 (2) | −0.0002 (19) | −0.0063 (16) |
C54 | 0.026 (3) | 0.036 (3) | 0.036 (3) | 0.002 (3) | −0.003 (2) | 0.000 (2) |
C55 | 0.030 (3) | 0.020 (3) | 0.036 (3) | 0.004 (2) | −0.005 (2) | 0.0000 (19) |
C56 | 0.024 (3) | 0.030 (3) | 0.038 (3) | 0.000 (2) | 0.003 (2) | −0.006 (2) |
C57 | 0.025 (3) | 0.036 (3) | 0.038 (3) | −0.004 (3) | 0.001 (2) | −0.002 (2) |
C58 | 0.026 (3) | 0.019 (3) | 0.034 (3) | 0.002 (2) | −0.002 (2) | −0.0015 (18) |
C59 | 0.023 (3) | 0.022 (2) | 0.031 (3) | 0.006 (2) | −0.001 (2) | 0.0004 (19) |
C60 | 0.031 (3) | 0.026 (3) | 0.032 (2) | 0.001 (2) | −0.001 (3) | 0.0020 (19) |
C61 | 0.027 (3) | 0.040 (3) | 0.037 (3) | 0.000 (3) | 0.002 (3) | 0.004 (2) |
C62 | 0.032 (3) | 0.034 (3) | 0.040 (3) | 0.003 (3) | −0.004 (3) | 0.002 (2) |
C63 | 0.025 (3) | 0.021 (3) | 0.032 (2) | −0.003 (2) | 0.002 (2) | 0.0010 (19) |
C64 | 0.029 (3) | 0.014 (2) | 0.035 (3) | 0.002 (2) | −0.002 (2) | 0.0031 (18) |
C65 | 0.030 (3) | 0.038 (3) | 0.036 (3) | −0.008 (3) | 0.004 (3) | −0.002 (2) |
C66 | 0.039 (3) | 0.019 (3) | 0.032 (3) | −0.005 (2) | 0.003 (3) | 0.0017 (19) |
C67 | 0.035 (3) | 0.013 (2) | 0.033 (3) | 0.007 (2) | 0.001 (2) | 0.0033 (18) |
C68 | 0.036 (3) | 0.026 (3) | 0.033 (3) | −0.003 (2) | −0.004 (3) | 0.003 (2) |
C69 | 0.040 (3) | 0.037 (3) | 0.033 (3) | −0.002 (3) | −0.003 (3) | 0.003 (2) |
C70 | 0.035 (3) | 0.023 (2) | 0.030 (3) | 0.002 (2) | −0.002 (2) | 0.0025 (19) |
C71 | 0.031 (3) | 0.049 (4) | 0.039 (3) | −0.001 (3) | 0.000 (3) | 0.000 (2) |
C72 | 0.031 (3) | 0.029 (3) | 0.033 (3) | −0.007 (3) | −0.002 (3) | 0.002 (2) |
O72 | 0.030 (2) | 0.0288 (18) | 0.0314 (18) | −0.0001 (17) | −0.0032 (17) | −0.0004 (14) |
C73 | 0.038 (3) | 0.024 (3) | 0.037 (3) | −0.003 (3) | −0.005 (3) | 0.000 (2) |
C74 | 0.045 (3) | 0.034 (3) | 0.035 (3) | 0.006 (3) | 0.005 (3) | −0.007 (2) |
C75 | 0.037 (3) | 0.041 (3) | 0.030 (3) | 0.004 (3) | 0.000 (3) | −0.001 (2) |
C76 | 0.044 (4) | 0.028 (3) | 0.037 (3) | 0.001 (3) | 0.001 (3) | 0.003 (2) |
O76 | 0.037 (2) | 0.0231 (18) | 0.0366 (18) | 0.0018 (18) | 0.0021 (18) | 0.0035 (14) |
C77 | 0.054 (4) | 0.049 (4) | 0.045 (3) | 0.002 (3) | 0.007 (3) | 0.001 (3) |
O1W | 0.038 (2) | 0.053 (3) | 0.053 (2) | 0.005 (2) | 0.010 (2) | 0.009 (2) |
C1—C2 | 1.537 (7) | C51—C60 | 1.559 (8) |
C1—C10 | 1.559 (7) | C51—H51A | 0.9900 |
C1—H1A | 0.9900 | C51—H51B | 0.9900 |
C1—H1B | 0.9900 | C52—C53 | 1.519 (8) |
C2—C3 | 1.515 (8) | C52—H52A | 0.9900 |
C2—H2A | 0.9900 | C52—H52B | 0.9900 |
C2—H2B | 0.9900 | C53—O53 | 1.431 (6) |
C3—O3 | 1.443 (6) | C53—C54 | 1.521 (8) |
C3—C4 | 1.535 (7) | C53—H53A | 1.0000 |
C3—H3A | 1.0000 | O53—H53 | 0.93 (7) |
O3—H3 | 0.90 (7) | C54—C55 | 1.511 (7) |
C4—C5 | 1.522 (7) | C54—H54A | 0.9900 |
C4—H4A | 0.9900 | C54—H54B | 0.9900 |
C4—H4B | 0.9900 | C55—C56 | 1.326 (8) |
C5—C6 | 1.316 (8) | C55—C60 | 1.533 (8) |
C5—C10 | 1.522 (7) | C56—C57 | 1.495 (7) |
C6—C7 | 1.502 (7) | C56—H56A | 0.9500 |
C6—H6A | 0.9500 | C57—C58 | 1.534 (7) |
C7—C8 | 1.527 (7) | C57—H57A | 0.9900 |
C7—H7A | 0.9900 | C57—H57B | 0.9900 |
C7—H7B | 0.9900 | C58—C64 | 1.523 (7) |
C8—C14 | 1.524 (7) | C58—C59 | 1.535 (7) |
C8—C9 | 1.541 (7) | C58—H58A | 1.0000 |
C8—H8A | 1.0000 | C59—C61 | 1.548 (7) |
C9—C11 | 1.540 (7) | C59—C60 | 1.558 (7) |
C9—C10 | 1.571 (6) | C59—H59A | 1.0000 |
C9—H9A | 1.0000 | C60—C69 | 1.534 (8) |
C10—C19 | 1.546 (7) | C61—C62 | 1.532 (7) |
C11—C12 | 1.528 (7) | C61—H61A | 0.9900 |
C11—H11A | 0.9900 | C61—H61B | 0.9900 |
C11—H11B | 0.9900 | C62—C63 | 1.524 (8) |
C12—C13 | 1.529 (7) | C62—H62A | 0.9900 |
C12—H12A | 0.9900 | C62—H62B | 0.9900 |
C12—H12B | 0.9900 | C63—C68 | 1.538 (8) |
C13—C14 | 1.526 (7) | C63—C64 | 1.546 (7) |
C13—C18 | 1.546 (8) | C63—C67 | 1.563 (7) |
C13—C17 | 1.556 (7) | C64—C65 | 1.535 (7) |
C14—C15 | 1.532 (7) | C64—H64A | 1.0000 |
C14—H14A | 1.0000 | C65—C66 | 1.525 (7) |
C15—C16 | 1.521 (7) | C65—H65A | 0.9900 |
C15—H15A | 0.9900 | C65—H65B | 0.9900 |
C15—H15B | 0.9900 | C66—O72 | 1.436 (6) |
C16—O22 | 1.448 (6) | C66—C67 | 1.548 (8) |
C16—C17 | 1.551 (7) | C66—H66A | 1.0000 |
C16—H16A | 1.0000 | C67—C70 | 1.538 (7) |
C17—C20 | 1.538 (7) | C67—H67A | 1.0000 |
C17—H17A | 1.0000 | C68—H68A | 0.9800 |
C18—H18A | 0.9800 | C68—H68B | 0.9800 |
C18—H18B | 0.9800 | C68—H68C | 0.9800 |
C18—H18C | 0.9800 | C69—H69A | 0.9800 |
C19—H19A | 0.9800 | C69—H69B | 0.9800 |
C19—H19B | 0.9800 | C69—H69C | 0.9800 |
C19—H19C | 0.9800 | C70—C72 | 1.515 (8) |
C20—C22 | 1.513 (8) | C70—C71 | 1.534 (8) |
C20—C21 | 1.518 (8) | C70—H70A | 1.0000 |
C20—H20A | 1.0000 | C71—H71A | 0.9800 |
C21—H21A | 0.9800 | C71—H71B | 0.9800 |
C21—H21B | 0.9800 | C71—H71C | 0.9800 |
C21—H21C | 0.9800 | C72—O72 | 1.406 (7) |
C22—O22 | 1.420 (7) | C72—O76 | 1.429 (6) |
C22—O26 | 1.426 (6) | C72—C73 | 1.541 (7) |
C22—C23 | 1.536 (8) | C73—C74 | 1.507 (8) |
C23—C24 | 1.513 (8) | C73—H73A | 0.9900 |
C23—H23A | 0.9900 | C73—H73B | 0.9900 |
C23—H23B | 0.9900 | C74—C75 | 1.534 (8) |
C24—C25 | 1.536 (8) | C74—H74A | 0.9900 |
C24—H24A | 0.9900 | C74—H74B | 0.9900 |
C24—H24B | 0.9900 | C75—C77 | 1.509 (9) |
C25—C27 | 1.512 (9) | C75—C76 | 1.533 (8) |
C25—C26 | 1.528 (8) | C75—H75A | 1.0000 |
C25—H25A | 1.0000 | C76—O76 | 1.423 (7) |
C26—O26 | 1.422 (7) | C76—H76A | 0.9900 |
C26—H26A | 0.9900 | C76—H76B | 0.9900 |
C26—H26B | 0.9900 | C77—H77A | 0.9800 |
C27—H27A | 0.9800 | C77—H77B | 0.9800 |
C27—H27B | 0.9800 | C77—H77C | 0.9800 |
C27—H27C | 0.9800 | O1W—H1W | 0.87 (2) |
C51—C52 | 1.532 (7) | O1W—H2W | 0.87 (2) |
C2—C1—C10 | 114.0 (4) | C52—C51—H51A | 108.4 |
C2—C1—H1A | 108.8 | C60—C51—H51A | 108.4 |
C10—C1—H1A | 108.8 | C52—C51—H51B | 108.4 |
C2—C1—H1B | 108.8 | C60—C51—H51B | 108.4 |
C10—C1—H1B | 108.8 | H51A—C51—H51B | 107.5 |
H1A—C1—H1B | 107.7 | C53—C52—C51 | 110.3 (5) |
C3—C2—C1 | 110.7 (4) | C53—C52—H52A | 109.6 |
C3—C2—H2A | 109.5 | C51—C52—H52A | 109.6 |
C1—C2—H2A | 109.5 | C53—C52—H52B | 109.6 |
C3—C2—H2B | 109.5 | C51—C52—H52B | 109.6 |
C1—C2—H2B | 109.5 | H52A—C52—H52B | 108.1 |
H2A—C2—H2B | 108.1 | O53—C53—C52 | 112.9 (5) |
O3—C3—C2 | 107.9 (4) | O53—C53—C54 | 108.0 (5) |
O3—C3—C4 | 110.4 (4) | C52—C53—C54 | 109.4 (5) |
C2—C3—C4 | 109.8 (5) | O53—C53—H53A | 108.8 |
O3—C3—H3A | 109.6 | C52—C53—H53A | 108.8 |
C2—C3—H3A | 109.6 | C54—C53—H53A | 108.8 |
C4—C3—H3A | 109.6 | C53—O53—H53 | 111 (4) |
C3—O3—H3 | 118 (4) | C55—C54—C53 | 110.8 (5) |
C5—C4—C3 | 112.2 (4) | C55—C54—H54A | 109.5 |
C5—C4—H4A | 109.2 | C53—C54—H54A | 109.5 |
C3—C4—H4A | 109.2 | C55—C54—H54B | 109.5 |
C5—C4—H4B | 109.2 | C53—C54—H54B | 109.5 |
C3—C4—H4B | 109.2 | H54A—C54—H54B | 108.1 |
H4A—C4—H4B | 107.9 | C56—C55—C54 | 119.9 (5) |
C6—C5—C10 | 124.1 (5) | C56—C55—C60 | 123.1 (5) |
C6—C5—C4 | 120.3 (5) | C54—C55—C60 | 117.0 (5) |
C10—C5—C4 | 115.6 (5) | C55—C56—C57 | 124.8 (5) |
C5—C6—C7 | 124.0 (5) | C55—C56—H56A | 117.6 |
C5—C6—H6A | 118.0 | C57—C56—H56A | 117.6 |
C7—C6—H6A | 118.0 | C56—C57—C58 | 112.7 (5) |
C6—C7—C8 | 112.9 (4) | C56—C57—H57A | 109.1 |
C6—C7—H7A | 109.0 | C58—C57—H57A | 109.1 |
C8—C7—H7A | 109.0 | C56—C57—H57B | 109.1 |
C6—C7—H7B | 109.0 | C58—C57—H57B | 109.1 |
C8—C7—H7B | 109.0 | H57A—C57—H57B | 107.8 |
H7A—C7—H7B | 107.8 | C64—C58—C57 | 110.2 (4) |
C14—C8—C7 | 111.6 (4) | C64—C58—C59 | 109.6 (4) |
C14—C8—C9 | 110.0 (4) | C57—C58—C59 | 109.5 (4) |
C7—C8—C9 | 109.0 (4) | C64—C58—H58A | 109.1 |
C14—C8—H8A | 108.7 | C57—C58—H58A | 109.1 |
C7—C8—H8A | 108.7 | C59—C58—H58A | 109.1 |
C9—C8—H8A | 108.7 | C58—C59—C61 | 112.2 (4) |
C11—C9—C8 | 113.3 (4) | C58—C59—C60 | 112.9 (4) |
C11—C9—C10 | 112.9 (4) | C61—C59—C60 | 113.0 (4) |
C8—C9—C10 | 111.0 (4) | C58—C59—H59A | 106.0 |
C11—C9—H9A | 106.3 | C61—C59—H59A | 106.0 |
C8—C9—H9A | 106.3 | C60—C59—H59A | 106.0 |
C10—C9—H9A | 106.3 | C55—C60—C69 | 108.0 (5) |
C5—C10—C19 | 108.9 (5) | C55—C60—C59 | 110.7 (4) |
C5—C10—C1 | 108.2 (4) | C69—C60—C59 | 111.5 (4) |
C19—C10—C1 | 110.4 (4) | C55—C60—C51 | 108.8 (4) |
C5—C10—C9 | 109.7 (4) | C69—C60—C51 | 109.0 (5) |
C19—C10—C9 | 111.2 (4) | C59—C60—C51 | 108.9 (4) |
C1—C10—C9 | 108.4 (4) | C62—C61—C59 | 113.0 (5) |
C12—C11—C9 | 113.3 (4) | C62—C61—H61A | 109.0 |
C12—C11—H11A | 108.9 | C59—C61—H61A | 109.0 |
C9—C11—H11A | 108.9 | C62—C61—H61B | 109.0 |
C12—C11—H11B | 108.9 | C59—C61—H61B | 109.0 |
C9—C11—H11B | 108.9 | H61A—C61—H61B | 107.8 |
H11A—C11—H11B | 107.7 | C63—C62—C61 | 111.8 (5) |
C11—C12—C13 | 111.1 (4) | C63—C62—H62A | 109.3 |
C11—C12—H12A | 109.4 | C61—C62—H62A | 109.3 |
C13—C12—H12A | 109.4 | C63—C62—H62B | 109.3 |
C11—C12—H12B | 109.4 | C61—C62—H62B | 109.3 |
C13—C12—H12B | 109.4 | H62A—C62—H62B | 107.9 |
H12A—C12—H12B | 108.0 | C62—C63—C68 | 110.7 (4) |
C14—C13—C12 | 106.8 (4) | C62—C63—C64 | 107.6 (4) |
C14—C13—C18 | 111.8 (4) | C68—C63—C64 | 111.1 (5) |
C12—C13—C18 | 110.9 (4) | C62—C63—C67 | 116.3 (5) |
C14—C13—C17 | 101.0 (4) | C68—C63—C67 | 110.6 (4) |
C12—C13—C17 | 114.6 (4) | C64—C63—C67 | 100.1 (4) |
C18—C13—C17 | 111.3 (4) | C58—C64—C65 | 119.8 (5) |
C8—C14—C13 | 114.2 (4) | C58—C64—C63 | 114.6 (4) |
C8—C14—C15 | 119.3 (4) | C65—C64—C63 | 103.8 (4) |
C13—C14—C15 | 103.8 (4) | C58—C64—H64A | 105.9 |
C8—C14—H14A | 106.2 | C65—C64—H64A | 105.9 |
C13—C14—H14A | 106.2 | C63—C64—H64A | 105.9 |
C15—C14—H14A | 106.2 | C66—C65—C64 | 101.9 (4) |
C16—C15—C14 | 101.7 (4) | C66—C65—H65A | 111.4 |
C16—C15—H15A | 111.4 | C64—C65—H65A | 111.4 |
C14—C15—H15A | 111.4 | C66—C65—H65B | 111.4 |
C16—C15—H15B | 111.4 | C64—C65—H65B | 111.4 |
C14—C15—H15B | 111.4 | H65A—C65—H65B | 109.2 |
H15A—C15—H15B | 109.3 | O72—C66—C65 | 111.9 (4) |
O22—C16—C15 | 112.8 (4) | O72—C66—C67 | 104.9 (4) |
O22—C16—C17 | 104.5 (4) | C65—C66—C67 | 108.5 (4) |
C15—C16—C17 | 108.3 (4) | O72—C66—H66A | 110.5 |
O22—C16—H16A | 110.4 | C65—C66—H66A | 110.5 |
C15—C16—H16A | 110.4 | C67—C66—H66A | 110.5 |
C17—C16—H16A | 110.4 | C70—C67—C66 | 104.3 (4) |
C20—C17—C16 | 104.8 (4) | C70—C67—C63 | 120.3 (4) |
C20—C17—C13 | 120.0 (4) | C66—C67—C63 | 104.1 (4) |
C16—C17—C13 | 103.8 (4) | C70—C67—H67A | 109.2 |
C20—C17—H17A | 109.2 | C66—C67—H67A | 109.2 |
C16—C17—H17A | 109.2 | C63—C67—H67A | 109.2 |
C13—C17—H17A | 109.2 | C63—C68—H68A | 109.5 |
C13—C18—H18A | 109.5 | C63—C68—H68B | 109.5 |
C13—C18—H18B | 109.5 | H68A—C68—H68B | 109.5 |
H18A—C18—H18B | 109.5 | C63—C68—H68C | 109.5 |
C13—C18—H18C | 109.5 | H68A—C68—H68C | 109.5 |
H18A—C18—H18C | 109.5 | H68B—C68—H68C | 109.5 |
H18B—C18—H18C | 109.5 | C60—C69—H69A | 109.5 |
C10—C19—H19A | 109.5 | C60—C69—H69B | 109.5 |
C10—C19—H19B | 109.5 | H69A—C69—H69B | 109.5 |
H19A—C19—H19B | 109.5 | C60—C69—H69C | 109.5 |
C10—C19—H19C | 109.5 | H69A—C69—H69C | 109.5 |
H19A—C19—H19C | 109.5 | H69B—C69—H69C | 109.5 |
H19B—C19—H19C | 109.5 | C72—C70—C71 | 116.0 (4) |
C22—C20—C21 | 115.5 (5) | C72—C70—C67 | 102.5 (4) |
C22—C20—C17 | 103.2 (4) | C71—C70—C67 | 114.9 (5) |
C21—C20—C17 | 115.0 (5) | C72—C70—H70A | 107.7 |
C22—C20—H20A | 107.5 | C71—C70—H70A | 107.7 |
C21—C20—H20A | 107.5 | C67—C70—H70A | 107.7 |
C17—C20—H20A | 107.5 | C70—C71—H71A | 109.5 |
C20—C21—H21A | 109.5 | C70—C71—H71B | 109.5 |
C20—C21—H21B | 109.5 | H71A—C71—H71B | 109.5 |
H21A—C21—H21B | 109.5 | C70—C71—H71C | 109.5 |
C20—C21—H21C | 109.5 | H71A—C71—H71C | 109.5 |
H21A—C21—H21C | 109.5 | H71B—C71—H71C | 109.5 |
H21B—C21—H21C | 109.5 | O72—C72—O76 | 110.9 (4) |
O22—C22—O26 | 109.9 (5) | O72—C72—C70 | 106.3 (4) |
O22—C22—C20 | 105.4 (4) | O76—C72—C70 | 107.4 (5) |
O26—C22—C20 | 107.8 (5) | O72—C72—C73 | 107.9 (5) |
O22—C22—C23 | 107.8 (5) | O76—C72—C73 | 108.9 (4) |
O26—C22—C23 | 109.9 (4) | C70—C72—C73 | 115.3 (5) |
C20—C22—C23 | 115.7 (5) | C72—O72—C66 | 105.2 (4) |
C22—O22—C16 | 106.2 (4) | C74—C73—C72 | 111.5 (5) |
C24—C23—C22 | 111.6 (5) | C74—C73—H73A | 109.3 |
C24—C23—H23A | 109.3 | C72—C73—H73A | 109.3 |
C22—C23—H23A | 109.3 | C74—C73—H73B | 109.3 |
C24—C23—H23B | 109.3 | C72—C73—H73B | 109.3 |
C22—C23—H23B | 109.3 | H73A—C73—H73B | 108.0 |
H23A—C23—H23B | 108.0 | C73—C74—C75 | 110.6 (5) |
C23—C24—C25 | 111.1 (5) | C73—C74—H74A | 109.5 |
C23—C24—H24A | 109.4 | C75—C74—H74A | 109.5 |
C25—C24—H24A | 109.4 | C73—C74—H74B | 109.5 |
C23—C24—H24B | 109.4 | C75—C74—H74B | 109.5 |
C25—C24—H24B | 109.4 | H74A—C74—H74B | 108.1 |
H24A—C24—H24B | 108.0 | C77—C75—C76 | 110.8 (5) |
C27—C25—C26 | 109.6 (6) | C77—C75—C74 | 111.8 (5) |
C27—C25—C24 | 111.9 (6) | C76—C75—C74 | 107.4 (4) |
C26—C25—C24 | 107.8 (4) | C77—C75—H75A | 108.9 |
C27—C25—H25A | 109.2 | C76—C75—H75A | 108.9 |
C26—C25—H25A | 109.2 | C74—C75—H75A | 108.9 |
C24—C25—H25A | 109.2 | O76—C76—C75 | 112.4 (5) |
O26—C26—C25 | 112.0 (5) | O76—C76—H76A | 109.1 |
O26—C26—H26A | 109.2 | C75—C76—H76A | 109.1 |
C25—C26—H26A | 109.2 | O76—C76—H76B | 109.1 |
O26—C26—H26B | 109.2 | C75—C76—H76B | 109.1 |
C25—C26—H26B | 109.2 | H76A—C76—H76B | 107.9 |
H26A—C26—H26B | 107.9 | C76—O76—C72 | 113.0 (4) |
C26—O26—C22 | 113.9 (4) | C75—C77—H77A | 109.5 |
C25—C27—H27A | 109.5 | C75—C77—H77B | 109.5 |
C25—C27—H27B | 109.5 | H77A—C77—H77B | 109.5 |
H27A—C27—H27B | 109.5 | C75—C77—H77C | 109.5 |
C25—C27—H27C | 109.5 | H77A—C77—H77C | 109.5 |
H27A—C27—H27C | 109.5 | H77B—C77—H77C | 109.5 |
H27B—C27—H27C | 109.5 | H1W—O1W—H2W | 100 (2) |
C52—C51—C60 | 115.3 (5) | ||
C10—C1—C2—C3 | −57.4 (6) | C60—C51—C52—C53 | −54.7 (7) |
C1—C2—C3—O3 | 177.4 (4) | C51—C52—C53—O53 | −180.0 (5) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | 57.1 (6) | C51—C52—C53—C54 | 59.7 (6) |
O3—C3—C4—C5 | −173.9 (4) | O53—C53—C54—C55 | 177.9 (5) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | −55.0 (6) | C52—C53—C54—C55 | −58.9 (6) |
C3—C4—C5—C6 | −128.5 (5) | C53—C54—C55—C56 | −124.0 (5) |
C3—C4—C5—C10 | 53.2 (6) | C53—C54—C55—C60 | 53.6 (6) |
C10—C5—C6—C7 | 1.6 (8) | C54—C55—C56—C57 | 176.5 (5) |
C4—C5—C6—C7 | −176.5 (5) | C60—C55—C56—C57 | −0.9 (8) |
C5—C6—C7—C8 | 14.4 (7) | C55—C56—C57—C58 | 17.8 (8) |
C6—C7—C8—C14 | −167.1 (4) | C56—C57—C58—C64 | −166.3 (4) |
C6—C7—C8—C9 | −45.3 (5) | C56—C57—C58—C59 | −45.5 (6) |
C14—C8—C9—C11 | −46.5 (6) | C64—C58—C59—C61 | −50.3 (5) |
C7—C8—C9—C11 | −169.2 (4) | C57—C58—C59—C61 | −171.4 (4) |
C14—C8—C9—C10 | −174.8 (4) | C64—C58—C59—C60 | −179.4 (4) |
C7—C8—C9—C10 | 62.6 (5) | C57—C58—C59—C60 | 59.5 (6) |
C6—C5—C10—C19 | −107.5 (6) | C56—C55—C60—C69 | −109.3 (6) |
C4—C5—C10—C19 | 70.7 (6) | C54—C55—C60—C69 | 73.1 (6) |
C6—C5—C10—C1 | 132.5 (5) | C56—C55—C60—C59 | 12.9 (7) |
C4—C5—C10—C1 | −49.3 (6) | C54—C55—C60—C59 | −164.6 (5) |
C6—C5—C10—C9 | 14.4 (7) | C56—C55—C60—C51 | 132.5 (5) |
C4—C5—C10—C9 | −167.3 (4) | C54—C55—C60—C51 | −45.0 (6) |
C2—C1—C10—C5 | 51.3 (6) | C58—C59—C60—C55 | −42.3 (6) |
C2—C1—C10—C19 | −67.8 (6) | C61—C59—C60—C55 | −170.9 (4) |
C2—C1—C10—C9 | 170.2 (4) | C58—C59—C60—C69 | 78.0 (6) |
C11—C9—C10—C5 | −174.5 (4) | C61—C59—C60—C69 | −50.7 (6) |
C8—C9—C10—C5 | −46.0 (5) | C58—C59—C60—C51 | −161.8 (4) |
C11—C9—C10—C19 | −53.9 (6) | C61—C59—C60—C51 | 69.6 (5) |
C8—C9—C10—C19 | 74.5 (5) | C52—C51—C60—C55 | 45.3 (6) |
C11—C9—C10—C1 | 67.5 (5) | C52—C51—C60—C69 | −72.2 (6) |
C8—C9—C10—C1 | −164.0 (4) | C52—C51—C60—C59 | 166.0 (5) |
C8—C9—C11—C12 | 47.6 (6) | C58—C59—C61—C62 | 51.2 (6) |
C10—C9—C11—C12 | 174.9 (4) | C60—C59—C61—C62 | −179.8 (5) |
C9—C11—C12—C13 | −54.6 (6) | C59—C61—C62—C63 | −54.8 (6) |
C11—C12—C13—C14 | 59.4 (6) | C61—C62—C63—C68 | −65.3 (6) |
C11—C12—C13—C18 | −62.7 (6) | C61—C62—C63—C64 | 56.2 (6) |
C11—C12—C13—C17 | 170.2 (5) | C61—C62—C63—C67 | 167.4 (5) |
C7—C8—C14—C13 | 176.9 (4) | C57—C58—C64—C65 | −58.7 (6) |
C9—C8—C14—C13 | 55.7 (5) | C59—C58—C64—C65 | −179.4 (4) |
C7—C8—C14—C15 | −59.6 (6) | C57—C58—C64—C63 | 176.9 (4) |
C9—C8—C14—C15 | 179.3 (4) | C59—C58—C64—C63 | 56.3 (5) |
C12—C13—C14—C8 | −61.9 (5) | C62—C63—C64—C58 | −59.0 (6) |
C18—C13—C14—C8 | 59.6 (6) | C68—C63—C64—C58 | 62.3 (6) |
C17—C13—C14—C8 | 178.0 (4) | C67—C63—C64—C58 | 179.2 (4) |
C12—C13—C14—C15 | 166.5 (4) | C62—C63—C64—C65 | 168.6 (4) |
C18—C13—C14—C15 | −72.0 (5) | C68—C63—C64—C65 | −70.2 (5) |
C17—C13—C14—C15 | 46.4 (5) | C67—C63—C64—C65 | 46.7 (5) |
C8—C14—C15—C16 | −170.0 (4) | C58—C64—C65—C66 | −170.2 (4) |
C13—C14—C15—C16 | −41.4 (5) | C63—C64—C65—C66 | −40.8 (5) |
C14—C15—C16—O22 | 135.3 (4) | C64—C65—C66—O72 | 134.0 (4) |
C14—C15—C16—C17 | 20.2 (5) | C64—C65—C66—C67 | 18.8 (6) |
O22—C16—C17—C20 | 14.0 (5) | O72—C66—C67—C70 | 16.9 (5) |
C15—C16—C17—C20 | 134.4 (4) | C65—C66—C67—C70 | 136.6 (4) |
O22—C16—C17—C13 | −112.7 (4) | O72—C66—C67—C63 | −110.1 (4) |
C15—C16—C17—C13 | 7.7 (5) | C65—C66—C67—C63 | 9.7 (6) |
C14—C13—C17—C20 | −148.9 (5) | C62—C63—C67—C70 | 94.5 (6) |
C12—C13—C17—C20 | 96.8 (6) | C68—C63—C67—C70 | −32.8 (7) |
C18—C13—C17—C20 | −30.1 (7) | C64—C63—C67—C70 | −150.0 (5) |
C14—C13—C17—C16 | −32.5 (5) | C62—C63—C67—C66 | −149.2 (5) |
C12—C13—C17—C16 | −146.8 (4) | C68—C63—C67—C66 | 83.4 (5) |
C18—C13—C17—C16 | 86.3 (5) | C64—C63—C67—C66 | −33.7 (5) |
C16—C17—C20—C22 | 9.7 (5) | C66—C67—C70—C72 | 7.3 (5) |
C13—C17—C20—C22 | 125.6 (5) | C63—C67—C70—C72 | 123.4 (5) |
C16—C17—C20—C21 | 136.4 (5) | C66—C67—C70—C71 | 134.0 (5) |
C13—C17—C20—C21 | −107.7 (6) | C63—C67—C70—C71 | −109.9 (5) |
C21—C20—C22—O22 | −157.4 (5) | C71—C70—C72—O72 | −156.0 (5) |
C17—C20—C22—O22 | −30.9 (5) | C67—C70—C72—O72 | −30.1 (5) |
C21—C20—C22—O26 | −39.9 (7) | C71—C70—C72—O76 | −37.2 (6) |
C17—C20—C22—O26 | 86.5 (5) | C67—C70—C72—O76 | 88.7 (5) |
C21—C20—C22—C23 | 83.6 (6) | C71—C70—C72—C73 | 84.4 (6) |
C17—C20—C22—C23 | −150.0 (4) | C67—C70—C72—C73 | −149.6 (4) |
O26—C22—O22—C16 | −74.3 (5) | O76—C72—O72—C66 | −74.0 (5) |
C20—C22—O22—C16 | 41.7 (5) | C70—C72—O72—C66 | 42.5 (5) |
C23—C22—O22—C16 | 165.9 (4) | C73—C72—O72—C66 | 166.8 (4) |
C15—C16—O22—C22 | −151.7 (4) | C65—C66—O72—C72 | −154.1 (4) |
C17—C16—O22—C22 | −34.4 (5) | C67—C66—O72—C72 | −36.6 (5) |
O22—C22—C23—C24 | 66.6 (6) | O72—C72—C73—C74 | 64.8 (6) |
O26—C22—C23—C24 | −53.2 (7) | O76—C72—C73—C74 | −55.7 (6) |
C20—C22—C23—C24 | −175.7 (5) | C70—C72—C73—C74 | −176.6 (5) |
C22—C23—C24—C25 | 53.1 (7) | C72—C73—C74—C75 | 54.9 (6) |
C23—C24—C25—C27 | −173.9 (5) | C73—C74—C75—C77 | −175.4 (5) |
C23—C24—C25—C26 | −53.4 (7) | C73—C74—C75—C76 | −53.6 (6) |
C27—C25—C26—O26 | 178.7 (5) | C77—C75—C76—O76 | 179.3 (5) |
C24—C25—C26—O26 | 56.7 (6) | C74—C75—C76—O76 | 56.9 (6) |
C25—C26—O26—C22 | −61.2 (6) | C75—C76—O76—C72 | −61.9 (6) |
O22—C22—O26—C26 | −60.9 (5) | O72—C72—O76—C76 | −59.6 (5) |
C20—C22—O26—C26 | −175.4 (4) | C70—C72—O76—C76 | −175.4 (4) |
C23—C22—O26—C26 | 57.6 (6) | C73—C72—O76—C76 | 59.0 (6) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O1W—H2W···O3i | 0.87 (2) | 2.01 (2) | 2.873 (6) | 175 (6) |
O1W—H1W···O53i | 0.87 (2) | 2.17 (3) | 3.028 (6) | 169 (5) |
O3—H3···O1W | 0.90 (7) | 1.93 (7) | 2.812 (6) | 167 (6) |
O53—H53···O3i | 0.93 (7) | 2.00 (7) | 2.881 (6) | 158 (6) |
Symmetry code: (i) x+1/2, −y+3/2, −z. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C27H42O3·0.5H2O |
Mr | 423.61 |
Crystal system, space group | Orthorhombic, P212121 |
Temperature (K) | 136 |
a, b, c (Å) | 7.3483 (5), 19.698 (2), 33.440 (3) |
V (Å3) | 4840.3 (8) |
Z | 8 |
Radiation type | Cu Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.58 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.50 × 0.17 × 0.03 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Oxford Diffraction Xcalibur Atlas Gemini |
Absorption correction | Analytical [CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); based on expressions derived by Clark & Reid (1995)] |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.821, 0.981 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 17450, 4918, 3573 |
Rint | 0.131 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.599 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.072, 0.177, 1.13 |
No. of reflections | 4918 |
No. of parameters | 570 |
No. of restraints | 3 |
H-atom treatment | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.31, −0.36 |
Computer programs: CrysAlis CCD (Oxford Diffraction, 2009), CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2009), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008) and Mercury (Macrae et al., 2008).
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O1W—H2W···O3i | 0.87 (2) | 2.01 (2) | 2.873 (6) | 175 (6) |
O1W—H1W···O53i | 0.87 (2) | 2.17 (3) | 3.028 (6) | 169 (5) |
O3—H3···O1W | 0.90 (7) | 1.93 (7) | 2.812 (6) | 167 (6) |
O53—H53···O3i | 0.93 (7) | 2.00 (7) | 2.881 (6) | 158 (6) |
Symmetry code: (i) x+1/2, −y+3/2, −z. |
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Promep for financial support.
References
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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are cited.
Diosgenin is a steroid sapogenin available from natural sources, which is used for the commercial synthesis of steroid products like cortisone, pregnenolone and progesterone, amongst others (Djerassi, 1992; Zhang et al., 2011). Its most significant application has been as a precursor in an economical semi-synthesis of progesterone, developed by Marker before World War II. This route, known as the Marker degradation (Lehmann, 1992), has been designated as an International Historic Chemical Landmark by the American Chemical Society and the Sociedad Química de México. However, the X-ray structure of diosgenin remains unknown, and only the dimethyl sulfoxide solvate has been characterized crystallographically so far (Zhang et al., 2005). This is not surprising, taking into account the poor solubility of this steroid in polar solvents (Chen et al., 2012).
We have now crystallized diosgenin hemihydrate. The asymmetric unit contains two diosgenin molecules and one lattice water molecule (Fig. 1). Diosgenin displays a rigid conformation, as reflected by the small r.m.s. deviation for the fit between independent molecules, of 0.16 Å. This conformation is also very close to that observed in the DMSO solvate (Zhang et al., 2005; with r.m.s. deviations with the molecules of the title crystal: 0.22 and 0.23 Å).
In contrast with the DMSO solvate, in which discrete hydrogen bonds are formed between the steroid and the solvent, the hemihydrate gives rise to a supramolecular structure. Ring motifs R54(10) are formed by three diosgenin and two water molecules. These motifs share edges with neighboring symmetry-related R(10) rings, forming a chain of fused rings in the crystal (Fig. 2), oriented in the [100] direction. This backbone based on efficient hydrogen bonds aggregates molecules in the crystal, and allows the crystallization of the hemihydrate. Such one-dimensional supramolecular structure is found in other steroids hydrates. Indeed, 11 identical supramolecular arrangements were found in the CSD, predominantly for androstane and androstene derivatives hydrates (e.g. Xia et al., 2005). It thus seems that these kind of steroids functionalized with an alcohol group at C3 should have a propensity to crystallize as hydrates, since a stabilizing supramolecular structure may be arranged.