metal-organic compounds
Poly[diaqua[μ-1,4-bis(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene-κ2N3:N3′](μ-fumarato-κ2O1:O4)nickel(II)]
aCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
*Correspondence e-mail: songym@nwnu.edu.cn
In the title compound, [Ni(C4H2O4)(C12H10N4)(H2O)2]n, the NiII ion has a distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The is composed of an Ni2+ ion, located on a twofold rotation axis, one half of a 1,4-bis(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene (BIMB) ligand and one half of a fumarte (fum2−) dianion, both ligands being located about inversion centers, and a coordinating water molecule. The NiII ions are linked by two BIMB ligands and two fum2− dianions, forming a four-connected layered structure parallel to (010) with a 44-sql topology. Within each layer, there are rhombic grids with dimensions of ca 13.5 × 9.0 Å and approximate angles of 109 and 70°. The crystal packing features a two-dimensional → two-dimensional parallel/parallel interpenetration in which one undulating layer is catenated to another equivalent one, forming a new bilayer. Moreover, the entangled two-dimensional layers are connected by O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating a three-dimensional structure.
Related literature
For multi-dimensional coordination polymers and their applications, see: Batten & Robson (1998); Carlucci et al. (2003a,b); Moulton & Zaworotko (2001); Sun et al. (2006); Wu et al. (2011); Bu et al. (2004). For their potential applications in and drug delivery, see: Harriman & Sauvage (1996); Raymo & Sauvage (1999). For the structures of some related compounds, see: Chen et al. (2010); Li et al. (2012); Bu et al. (2004).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Refinement
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Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2004); cell SAINT (Bruker, 2003); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008) and DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 2010); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL and publCIF (Westrip, 2010).
Supporting information
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536812038895/su2481sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536812038895/su2481Isup2.hkl
A mixture of 1,4-Bis(1-imidazolyl)benzene (BIMB) (0.032 g, 0.15 mmol), maleic anydride (0.015 g, 0.15 mmol) and Ni(NO3)2 (0.045 g, 0.25 mmol) in N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF) (4 ml) and H2O (2 ml) was placed in a Teflon-lined stainless steel vessel and heated at 363 K for 3 days. On cooling to room temperature green block-like single crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction were obtained [70% yield (based on BIMB ligand)]. Anal. Calcd for C16H16N4O6Ni: C, 45.86; H, 3.85; N, 13.37%. Found: C, 45.93; H, 3.87; N, 13.41%. Spectroscopic data for the title compound are given in the archived CIF.
The water H atoms were located in a difference Fourier map and included as riding atoms, with O—H = 0.85 and Uiso(H) = 1.5Ueq(O). The C-bound H atoms were placed in calculated positions and treated as riding: C—H = 0.93 Å with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C).
Entanglement, one of the ubiquitous phenomena in nature, has received considerable attention due to their intrinsic aesthetic architectures (Bu et al., 2004; Carlucci et al., 2003a; Wu et al., 2011) and potential applications (Sun et al., 2006; Moulton & Zaworotko, 2001). Many structurally interesting entangled structures, such as polyrotaxane, polycatenation, polythreading, have been discussed in detail by (Batten et al., 1998; Carlucci et al., 2003b). Polycatenation as a type of interesting networks of entangled systems has attracted much attention for their potential application in energy of → two-dimensional parallel/parallel polycatenation network.
and drug delivery (Harriman & Sauvage, 1996; Raymo & Sauvage, 1999). Herein, we report on the of a NiII coordination polymer built from linear BIMB and fum2- ligands, which features a two-dimensionalThe
of the title compound contains half a NiII ion located on a two-fold rotation axis, half a fum2- dianion and half a BIMB ligand both located about inversion centers, and a coordinated water molecule. Each NiII ion is coordinated by two water molecules, two different carboxylate O atoms from two different fum2- dianions and by two N atoms from two different BIMB ligands, and has a distorted octahedral geometry (Fig. 1).It is interesting to note that the maleic acid (hydrolysis product of maleic anhydride) is converted into fumaric acid on the self-assembly of the title compound. This is probably because trans-fumaric has a higher thermal stability than cis-maleic acid.
In the crystal, each NiII ion is connected by two BIMB ligands and two fum2- ligands to form an infinite two-dimensional puckered sheet with rhombic grids (Fig. 2). Within each layer, the rhombic grids have dimensions of ca. 13.5 Å × 9.0 Å with angles of of ca. 109.60 and 70.40° (defined by Ni···Ni distances and Ni···Ni···Ni angles). The large size of the grids in two adjacent layers allow a two-dimensional → two-dimensional parallel/parallel polycatenation to occur (Fig. 3). From a topological perspective, each NiII ion can be regarded as a four-connected node, thus this two-dimensional network can be assigned to the 44-sql topology.
Moreover, the entangled two-dimensional layers are further connected by O–H···O hydrogen bonds to generate a three-dimensional structure (Fig. 4).
The structure of a similar NiII coordination polymer assembled by BIMB ligand and adipic acid has been described by (Chen et al., 2010). However, compared with the title compound, the adipic acid is a longer spacer length and more flexible, and crystallizes in the lower symmetry triclinic 1 rather than orthorhombic Pbcn for the title compound with the short fumarate spacer.
PAnother relevant example reported by (Bu et al., 2004) is a ZnII coordination polymer (Li et al. 2012). Like the title complex, it is also built from BIMB and fum2- ligands. However, the difference in the metal center results in an interesting 5-fold interpenetrated three-dimensional framework based on a diamondoid topology.
In summary, we have synthesized a NiII coordination polymer by the hydrothermal reaction of Ni(NO3)2 with H2fum and BIMB ligands, which features a two-dimensional → two-dimensional parallel/parallel polycatenation network. On comparing with two relevant complexes based on the BIMB ligand, we found that the coordination geometry of the central metal ions and the flexibility of the auxiliary carboxylate ligands indeed have a significant effect on the architecture of the target complexes.
For multi-dimensional coordination polymers and their applications, see: Batten & Robson (1998); Carlucci et al. (2003a,b); Moulton & Zaworotko (2001); Sun et al. (2006); Wu et al. (2011); Bu et al. (2004). For their potential applications in
and drug delivery, see: Harriman & Sauvage (1996); Raymo & Sauvage (1999). For the structures of some related compounds, see: Chen et al. (2010); Li et al. (2012); Bu et al. (2004).Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2004); cell
SAINT (Bruker, 2003); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2003); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008) and DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 2010); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008) and publCIF (Westrip, 2010).[Ni(C4H2O4)(C12H10N4)(H2O)2] | F(000) = 864 |
Mr = 419.04 | Dx = 1.670 Mg m−3 |
Orthorhombic, Pbcn | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: -P 2n 2ab | Cell parameters from 4217 reflections |
a = 11.2806 (4) Å | θ = 2.5–28.4° |
b = 16.3703 (7) Å | µ = 1.21 mm−1 |
c = 9.0253 (3) Å | T = 296 K |
V = 1666.67 (11) Å3 | Block, green |
Z = 4 | 0.23 × 0.22 × 0.20 mm |
Bruke APEXII CCD area-dector diffractometer | 2108 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 1827 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.019 |
CCD rotation images, thin slices scans | θmax = 28.5°, θmin = 2.2° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996) | h = −13→15 |
Tmin = 0.768, Tmax = 0.794 | k = −18→21 |
8512 measured reflections | l = −12→12 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.030 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.093 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.08 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.047P)2 + 1.0911P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
2108 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
123 parameters | Δρmax = 0.36 e Å−3 |
2 restraints | Δρmin = −0.48 e Å−3 |
[Ni(C4H2O4)(C12H10N4)(H2O)2] | V = 1666.67 (11) Å3 |
Mr = 419.04 | Z = 4 |
Orthorhombic, Pbcn | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 11.2806 (4) Å | µ = 1.21 mm−1 |
b = 16.3703 (7) Å | T = 296 K |
c = 9.0253 (3) Å | 0.23 × 0.22 × 0.20 mm |
Bruke APEXII CCD area-dector diffractometer | 2108 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996) | 1827 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.768, Tmax = 0.794 | Rint = 0.019 |
8512 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.030 | 2 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.093 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.08 | Δρmax = 0.36 e Å−3 |
2108 reflections | Δρmin = −0.48 e Å−3 |
123 parameters |
Experimental. Spectroscopic data for the title compound : IR (KBr, cm-1): 3380m, 3133m, 1564s, 1533s, 1385s, 1307w, 1269w, 1130w, 1195w, 1074m, 970w, 880w, 829m, 751m, 682w, 656w, 534w, 495w. |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
C1 | 0.85967 (16) | 0.48653 (12) | 0.8087 (2) | 0.0337 (4) | |
H1 | 0.9127 | 0.5069 | 0.8785 | 0.040* | |
C2 | 0.76108 (18) | 0.52549 (13) | 0.7609 (2) | 0.0353 (4) | |
H2 | 0.7344 | 0.5768 | 0.7899 | 0.042* | |
C3 | 0.77741 (16) | 0.40688 (11) | 0.6505 (2) | 0.0294 (4) | |
H3 | 0.7616 | 0.3627 | 0.5889 | 0.035* | |
C4 | 0.57558 (18) | 0.56487 (12) | 0.5293 (3) | 0.0409 (5) | |
H4 | 0.6266 | 0.6082 | 0.5487 | 0.049* | |
C5 | 0.60153 (15) | 0.48748 (11) | 0.5802 (2) | 0.0290 (4) | |
C6 | 0.52718 (19) | 0.42289 (12) | 0.5509 (3) | 0.0408 (5) | |
H6 | 0.5461 | 0.3709 | 0.5851 | 0.049* | |
C7 | 1.08521 (15) | 0.29993 (11) | 0.43626 (19) | 0.0266 (3) | |
C8 | 1.05530 (18) | 0.30159 (14) | 0.2748 (2) | 0.0348 (4) | |
H8 | 1.1169 | 0.3027 | 0.2064 | 0.042* | |
N1 | 0.86960 (13) | 0.41195 (10) | 0.73829 (16) | 0.0261 (3) | |
N2 | 0.70833 (13) | 0.47384 (9) | 0.66080 (18) | 0.0288 (3) | |
Ni1 | 1.0000 | 0.323481 (18) | 0.7500 | 0.01981 (12) | |
O1 | 1.00329 (10) | 0.31848 (9) | 0.52371 (16) | 0.0310 (3) | |
O2 | 1.18776 (11) | 0.27709 (9) | 0.47076 (14) | 0.0347 (3) | |
O3 | 0.86671 (12) | 0.23178 (8) | 0.74938 (13) | 0.0291 (3) | |
H3Y | 0.8214 | 0.2383 | 0.8237 | 0.044* | |
H3X | 0.8264 | 0.2356 | 0.6701 | 0.044* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
C1 | 0.0277 (8) | 0.0378 (10) | 0.0358 (10) | 0.0029 (7) | −0.0078 (8) | −0.0101 (8) |
C2 | 0.0317 (9) | 0.0328 (9) | 0.0414 (11) | 0.0050 (8) | −0.0073 (8) | −0.0121 (8) |
C3 | 0.0260 (8) | 0.0294 (9) | 0.0327 (9) | 0.0065 (7) | −0.0078 (7) | −0.0043 (7) |
C4 | 0.0341 (10) | 0.0268 (9) | 0.0617 (14) | 0.0004 (7) | −0.0200 (10) | −0.0014 (9) |
C5 | 0.0221 (8) | 0.0304 (9) | 0.0344 (9) | 0.0059 (6) | −0.0081 (7) | −0.0022 (7) |
C6 | 0.0358 (10) | 0.0244 (8) | 0.0621 (14) | 0.0050 (7) | −0.0197 (10) | 0.0031 (9) |
C7 | 0.0272 (8) | 0.0337 (9) | 0.0189 (7) | 0.0008 (7) | −0.0008 (6) | −0.0015 (7) |
C8 | 0.0321 (10) | 0.0489 (11) | 0.0233 (8) | 0.0010 (9) | 0.0014 (7) | 0.0001 (8) |
N1 | 0.0212 (7) | 0.0307 (8) | 0.0266 (7) | 0.0027 (6) | −0.0046 (5) | −0.0025 (6) |
N2 | 0.0230 (7) | 0.0287 (7) | 0.0346 (8) | 0.0049 (6) | −0.0086 (6) | −0.0031 (6) |
Ni1 | 0.01593 (17) | 0.02772 (18) | 0.01579 (17) | 0.000 | −0.00177 (9) | 0.000 |
O1 | 0.0255 (6) | 0.0512 (9) | 0.0164 (6) | 0.0054 (5) | −0.0009 (4) | −0.0025 (5) |
O2 | 0.0270 (6) | 0.0532 (8) | 0.0238 (6) | 0.0093 (6) | 0.0004 (5) | −0.0013 (6) |
O3 | 0.0263 (6) | 0.0357 (7) | 0.0253 (7) | −0.0042 (5) | −0.0021 (5) | −0.0035 (5) |
C1—C2 | 1.353 (3) | C6—H6 | 0.9300 |
C1—N1 | 1.381 (2) | C7—O1 | 1.253 (2) |
C1—H1 | 0.9300 | C7—O2 | 1.255 (2) |
C2—N2 | 1.373 (2) | C7—C8 | 1.496 (3) |
C2—H2 | 0.9300 | C8—C8ii | 1.326 (4) |
C3—N1 | 1.310 (2) | C8—H8 | 0.9300 |
C3—N2 | 1.348 (2) | N1—Ni1 | 2.0670 (15) |
C3—H3 | 0.9300 | Ni1—O1 | 2.0443 (15) |
C4—C5 | 1.379 (3) | Ni1—O1iii | 2.0443 (15) |
C4—C6i | 1.381 (3) | Ni1—N1iii | 2.0671 (15) |
C4—H4 | 0.9300 | Ni1—O3iii | 2.1247 (13) |
C5—C6 | 1.375 (3) | Ni1—O3 | 2.1247 (13) |
C5—N2 | 1.425 (2) | O3—H3Y | 0.8500 |
C6—C4i | 1.381 (3) | O3—H3X | 0.8501 |
C2—C1—N1 | 109.66 (16) | C3—N1—Ni1 | 123.47 (13) |
C2—C1—H1 | 125.2 | C1—N1—Ni1 | 130.81 (12) |
N1—C1—H1 | 125.2 | C3—N2—C2 | 107.19 (15) |
C1—C2—N2 | 106.02 (17) | C3—N2—C5 | 125.53 (15) |
C1—C2—H2 | 127.0 | C2—N2—C5 | 127.28 (15) |
N2—C2—H2 | 127.0 | O1—Ni1—O1iii | 175.41 (8) |
N1—C3—N2 | 111.46 (16) | O1—Ni1—N1 | 89.42 (5) |
N1—C3—H3 | 124.3 | O1iii—Ni1—N1 | 93.80 (5) |
N2—C3—H3 | 124.3 | O1—Ni1—N1iii | 93.79 (5) |
C5—C4—C6i | 119.07 (18) | O1iii—Ni1—N1iii | 89.42 (5) |
C5—C4—H4 | 120.5 | N1—Ni1—N1iii | 91.04 (9) |
C6i—C4—H4 | 120.5 | O1—Ni1—O3iii | 87.80 (5) |
C6—C5—C4 | 120.85 (16) | O1iii—Ni1—O3iii | 88.96 (5) |
C6—C5—N2 | 119.55 (16) | N1—Ni1—O3iii | 177.19 (5) |
C4—C5—N2 | 119.57 (16) | N1iii—Ni1—O3iii | 89.51 (6) |
C5—C6—C4i | 120.07 (18) | O1—Ni1—O3 | 88.96 (5) |
C5—C6—H6 | 120.0 | O1iii—Ni1—O3 | 87.79 (5) |
C4i—C6—H6 | 120.0 | N1—Ni1—O3 | 89.50 (6) |
O1—C7—O2 | 126.58 (16) | N1iii—Ni1—O3 | 177.19 (5) |
O1—C7—C8 | 116.29 (16) | O3iii—Ni1—O3 | 90.09 (8) |
O2—C7—C8 | 117.06 (16) | C7—O1—Ni1 | 130.74 (12) |
C8ii—C8—C7 | 122.8 (2) | Ni1—O3—H3Y | 109.6 |
C8ii—C8—H8 | 118.6 | Ni1—O3—H3X | 109.3 |
C7—C8—H8 | 118.6 | H3Y—O3—H3X | 109.5 |
C3—N1—C1 | 105.67 (15) | ||
N1—C1—C2—N2 | 0.8 (2) | C4—C5—N2—C2 | 36.9 (3) |
C6i—C4—C5—C6 | 0.6 (4) | C3—N1—Ni1—O1 | 45.30 (16) |
C6i—C4—C5—N2 | 178.9 (2) | C1—N1—Ni1—O1 | −131.70 (17) |
C4—C5—C6—C4i | −0.6 (4) | C3—N1—Ni1—O1iii | −131.42 (15) |
N2—C5—C6—C4i | −178.9 (2) | C1—N1—Ni1—O1iii | 51.58 (17) |
O1—C7—C8—C8ii | −16.9 (2) | C3—N1—Ni1—N1iii | 139.09 (17) |
O2—C7—C8—C8ii | 160.34 (12) | C1—N1—Ni1—N1iii | −37.91 (15) |
N2—C3—N1—C1 | −0.2 (2) | C3—N1—Ni1—O3iii | 38.0 (12) |
N2—C3—N1—Ni1 | −177.88 (12) | C1—N1—Ni1—O3iii | −139.0 (10) |
C2—C1—N1—C3 | −0.4 (2) | C3—N1—Ni1—O3 | −43.66 (15) |
C2—C1—N1—Ni1 | 177.04 (15) | C1—N1—Ni1—O3 | 139.33 (17) |
N1—C3—N2—C2 | 0.7 (2) | O2—C7—O1—Ni1 | 2.1 (3) |
N1—C3—N2—C5 | −179.97 (17) | C8—C7—O1—Ni1 | 179.05 (13) |
C1—C2—N2—C3 | −0.9 (2) | O1iii—Ni1—O1—C7 | −73.40 (17) |
C1—C2—N2—C5 | 179.80 (19) | N1—Ni1—O1—C7 | 152.04 (17) |
C6—C5—N2—C3 | 36.0 (3) | N1iii—Ni1—O1—C7 | 61.04 (17) |
C4—C5—N2—C3 | −142.3 (2) | O3iii—Ni1—O1—C7 | −28.32 (17) |
C6—C5—N2—C2 | −144.8 (2) | O3—Ni1—O1—C7 | −118.44 (17) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1; (ii) −x+2, y, −z+1/2; (iii) −x+2, y, −z+3/2. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O3—H3Y···O2iii | 0.85 | 1.96 | 2.7033 (18) | 146 |
O3—H3X···O2iv | 0.85 | 2.03 | 2.8361 (18) | 159 |
C3—H3···O2iv | 0.93 | 2.49 | 3.360 (2) | 155 |
Symmetry codes: (iii) −x+2, y, −z+3/2; (iv) x−1/2, −y+1/2, −z+1. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | [Ni(C4H2O4)(C12H10N4)(H2O)2] |
Mr | 419.04 |
Crystal system, space group | Orthorhombic, Pbcn |
Temperature (K) | 296 |
a, b, c (Å) | 11.2806 (4), 16.3703 (7), 9.0253 (3) |
V (Å3) | 1666.67 (11) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 1.21 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.23 × 0.22 × 0.20 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Bruke APEXII CCD area-dector |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.768, 0.794 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 8512, 2108, 1827 |
Rint | 0.019 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.670 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.030, 0.093, 1.08 |
No. of reflections | 2108 |
No. of parameters | 123 |
No. of restraints | 2 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.36, −0.48 |
Computer programs: APEX2 (Bruker, 2004), SAINT (Bruker, 2003), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008) and DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 2010), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008) and publCIF (Westrip, 2010).
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O3—H3Y···O2i | 0.85 | 1.96 | 2.7033 (18) | 146 |
O3—H3X···O2ii | 0.85 | 2.03 | 2.8361 (18) | 159 |
C3—H3···O2ii | 0.93 | 2.49 | 3.360 (2) | 155 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+2, y, −z+3/2; (ii) x−1/2, −y+1/2, −z+1. |
Acknowledgements
This work was supported financially by the Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials (Northwest Normal University) and the Ministry of Education of Gansu (No. 1101–05).
References
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Entanglement, one of the ubiquitous phenomena in nature, has received considerable attention due to their intrinsic aesthetic architectures (Bu et al., 2004; Carlucci et al., 2003a; Wu et al., 2011) and potential applications (Sun et al., 2006; Moulton & Zaworotko, 2001). Many structurally interesting entangled structures, such as polyrotaxane, polycatenation, polythreading, have been discussed in detail by (Batten et al., 1998; Carlucci et al., 2003b). Polycatenation as a type of interesting networks of entangled systems has attracted much attention for their potential application in energy of electron transfer and drug delivery (Harriman & Sauvage, 1996; Raymo & Sauvage, 1999). Herein, we report on the crystal structure of a NiII coordination polymer built from linear BIMB and fum2- ligands, which features a two-dimensional → two-dimensional parallel/parallel polycatenation network.
The asymmetric unit of the title compound contains half a NiII ion located on a two-fold rotation axis, half a fum2- dianion and half a BIMB ligand both located about inversion centers, and a coordinated water molecule. Each NiII ion is coordinated by two water molecules, two different carboxylate O atoms from two different fum2- dianions and by two N atoms from two different BIMB ligands, and has a distorted octahedral geometry (Fig. 1).
It is interesting to note that the maleic acid (hydrolysis product of maleic anhydride) is converted into fumaric acid on the self-assembly of the title compound. This is probably because trans-fumaric has a higher thermal stability than cis-maleic acid.
In the crystal, each NiII ion is connected by two BIMB ligands and two fum2- ligands to form an infinite two-dimensional puckered sheet with rhombic grids (Fig. 2). Within each layer, the rhombic grids have dimensions of ca. 13.5 Å × 9.0 Å with angles of of ca. 109.60 and 70.40° (defined by Ni···Ni distances and Ni···Ni···Ni angles). The large size of the grids in two adjacent layers allow a two-dimensional → two-dimensional parallel/parallel polycatenation to occur (Fig. 3). From a topological perspective, each NiII ion can be regarded as a four-connected node, thus this two-dimensional network can be assigned to the 44-sql topology.
Moreover, the entangled two-dimensional layers are further connected by O–H···O hydrogen bonds to generate a three-dimensional structure (Fig. 4).
The structure of a similar NiII coordination polymer assembled by BIMB ligand and adipic acid has been described by (Chen et al., 2010). However, compared with the title compound, the adipic acid is a longer spacer length and more flexible, and crystallizes in the lower symmetry triclinic space group P1 rather than orthorhombic space group Pbcn for the title compound with the short fumarate spacer.
Another relevant example reported by (Bu et al., 2004) is a ZnII coordination polymer (Li et al. 2012). Like the title complex, it is also built from BIMB and fum2- ligands. However, the difference in the metal center results in an interesting 5-fold interpenetrated three-dimensional framework based on a diamondoid topology.
In summary, we have synthesized a NiII coordination polymer by the hydrothermal reaction of Ni(NO3)2 with H2fum and BIMB ligands, which features a two-dimensional → two-dimensional parallel/parallel polycatenation network. On comparing with two relevant complexes based on the BIMB ligand, we found that the coordination geometry of the central metal ions and the flexibility of the auxiliary carboxylate ligands indeed have a significant effect on the architecture of the target complexes.