metal-organic compounds
2,2,7,7,12,12,17,17-Octamethyl-21,22,23,24-tetrathia-2,7,12,17-tetragermapentacyclo[16.2.1.13,6.18,11.113,16]tetracosa-3,5,8,10,13,15,18,20-octaene
aLaboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, UMR CNRS 5069, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France, and bUniversité de Toulouse, UPS, Institut de Chimie de Toulouse FR2599, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
*Correspondence e-mail: castel@chimie.ups-tlse.fr
The title compound, [Ge4(CH3)8(C4H2S)4], crystallizes with one-half molecule in the the whole molecule being generated by inversion symmetry. The dihedral angle between adjacent thiophene rings is 72.84 (14)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H⋯π interactions, leading to the formation of chains along [100].
Related literature
For a review concerning aryl- and heteroarylgermanes, see: Spivey & Diaper (2003). For syntheses and structures of heteroarylgermanes, see: Hockemeyer, Castel et al. (1997); Barrau et al. (1997); König & Rödel (1997). For properties of heteroarylgermanes, see: Hockemeyer, Valentin et al. (1997). For a description of the Cambridge Structural Database, see: Allen (2002).
Experimental
Crystal data
|
Refinement
|
Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2006); cell APEX2 and SAINT (Bruker, 2006); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL and publCIF (Westrip, 2010).
Supporting information
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536812049720/su2536sup1.cif
contains datablocks global, I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536812049720/su2536Isup2.hkl
The title compound was prepared according to the following procedure:
In a first step, to a solution of thiophene (5.09 g, 60 mmol) and TMEDA (9.10 ml, 60 mmol) in dry diethyl ether (150 ml) was added a solution of n-BuLi (37.50 ml, 60 mmol, 1.6 M in hexanes). The mixture was stirred for 2 h at room temperature. A solution of Me2GeCl2 (5.20 g, 30 mmol) in dry diethyl ether (30 ml) was added slowly, the mixture was stirred for an additional 2 h. The reaction mixture was then filtered and the solvents removed by evaporation under reduced pressure. The residue was distillated to afford Me2Ge(C4H3S)2 (4.90 g, 61% yield).
In a second step, to a solution of Me2Ge(C4H3S)2 (2.69 g, 10 mmol) and TMEDA (3.0 ml, 20 mmol) in dry pentane (150 ml) cooled to 193 K was slowly added a solution of n-BuLi (12.50 ml, 20 mmol, 1.6 M in hexanes). The mixture was allowed to rise to room temperature and stirred for 2 h. To the formed precipitate in suspension was slowly added at 233 K a solution of Me2GeCl2 (1.75 g, 10 mmol) in dry pentane (50 ml). The mixture was allowed to rise to room temperature and stirred for 1h, and one additional hour at reflux. The reaction mixture was filtered and the solvents removed by evaporation under reduced pressure. The solid was washed by pentane. Crystals of the title compound were obtained by slow evaporation of a solution in CH2Cl2. Both the intermediate and the title compound were fully characterized, and spectroscopic and other data are available in the archived CIF.
All the H atoms were included in calculated positions and treated as riding atoms: C—H = 0.95 Å (aromatic), and 0.98 Å (methyl) with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(aromatic) and Uiso(H) = 1.5Ueq(methyl).
Calix[4]thiophenes, sulfur-based analogues of
are of great importance for their uses in supramolecular chemistry. On the other hands, various hetero-calix[4]thiophenes in which group 14 atoms such as Si, Ge and Sn replace carbon atoms in the cyclic backbone have been prepared and characterized. However, to the best of our knowledge, no crystallographic data concerning germa-calixarene derivatives has far been reported so far (Cambridge Structural Database, V5.33, last update Aug. 2012; Allen, 2002).The π interaction between the hydrogen H10 and the π cloud of the thiophene ring S1/C3—C6 is observed giving stacks of the title compound along the a axis (Table 1 and Fig.2).
of the title compound contains one half-molecule, the other half being related by a crystallographic inversion center (Fig. 1). In the the dihedral angle between adjacent thiophene rings is 72.84 (14)°. It is noteworthy that a C–H···For a review concerning aryl- and heteroarylgermanes, see: Spivey & Diaper (2003). For syntheses and structures of heteroarylgermanes, see: Hockemeyer, Castel et al. (1997); Barrau et al. (1997); Koenig & Roedel (1997). For properties of heteroarylgermanes, see: Hockemeyer, Valentin et al. (1997). For a description of the Cambridge Structural Database, see: Allen (2002).
Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2006); cell
APEX2 and SAINT (Bruker, 2006); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2006); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008) and publCIF (Westrip, 2010).[Ge4(CH3)8(C4H2S)4] | F(000) = 736 |
Mr = 739.22 | Dx = 1.596 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: -P 2ybc | Cell parameters from 5690 reflections |
a = 6.6211 (4) Å | θ = 3.1–24.2° |
b = 12.6668 (7) Å | µ = 4.15 mm−1 |
c = 18.3413 (11) Å | T = 193 K |
β = 90.698 (4)° | Plate, colourless |
V = 1538.14 (16) Å3 | 0.20 × 0.06 × 0.02 mm |
Z = 2 |
Bruker APEXII diffractometer | 4222 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 3102 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.065 |
phi and ω scans | θmax = 29.4°, θmin = 2.2° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2006) | h = −9→9 |
Tmin = 0.741, Tmax = 0.922 | k = −17→17 |
34763 measured reflections | l = −25→25 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.030 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.064 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.01 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0251P)2 + 0.5305P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
4222 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
149 parameters | Δρmax = 0.44 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.37 e Å−3 |
[Ge4(CH3)8(C4H2S)4] | V = 1538.14 (16) Å3 |
Mr = 739.22 | Z = 2 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 6.6211 (4) Å | µ = 4.15 mm−1 |
b = 12.6668 (7) Å | T = 193 K |
c = 18.3413 (11) Å | 0.20 × 0.06 × 0.02 mm |
β = 90.698 (4)° |
Bruker APEXII diffractometer | 4222 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2006) | 3102 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.741, Tmax = 0.922 | Rint = 0.065 |
34763 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.030 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.064 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.01 | Δρmax = 0.44 e Å−3 |
4222 reflections | Δρmin = −0.37 e Å−3 |
149 parameters |
Experimental. Spectroscopic data for the intermediate: M.p.= 363 - 364 K/0.25 mm Hg. 1H NMR (300 MHz in CDCl3) δ, p.p.m.: 7.71–7.64 (m, 2H), 7.36–7.31 (m, 2H), 7.31–7.34 (m, 2H), 0.85 (s, 6H). 13C NMR (75 MHz in CDCl3) δ, p.p.m.: 138.1, 133.9, 130.4, 128.1, -0.1. MS (EI, 70 eV) m/z= 270 (M+.). UV: λ max= 235 nm, log ε= 1.41. IR (Nujol, cm-1): 3100, 3073, 2976, 2907, 1497, 1402, 1214, 1080, 974, 848, 831, 807, 746, 704. Anal. Found: C, 44.62; H, 4.57. Calc. for C10H12S2Ge: C, 44.68; H, 4.47. Spectroscopic data for the title compound: M.p.: 389 - 390 K(dec.). 1H NMR (300 MHz in CDCl3) δ, p.p.m.: 7.31 (s, 8H), 0.78 (s, 24H). 13C NMR (75 MHz in CDCl3) δ, p.p.m.: 143.6, 134.9, 1.2. MS (EI, 70 eV) m/z= 740 (M+.). UV: λ max= 247 nm, log ε = 4.6. IR (Nujol, cm-1): 2960, 2915, 1643, 1490, 1406, 1270, 1240, 1200, 985, 953, 836, 802, 738. Anal. Found: C, 38.85; H, 4.42. Calc. for C24H32S4Ge4: C, 39.00; H, 4.33. |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
Ge1 | 0.09401 (4) | 0.22725 (2) | 0.492665 (15) | 0.02782 (8) | |
Ge2 | 0.54568 (4) | 0.48911 (2) | 0.256324 (15) | 0.02951 (8) | |
S1 | 0.37473 (10) | 0.38100 (5) | 0.39987 (3) | 0.03005 (15) | |
S2 | 0.62663 (10) | 0.65368 (6) | 0.38758 (4) | 0.03257 (16) | |
C1 | −0.1957 (4) | 0.2081 (2) | 0.48350 (16) | 0.0387 (7) | |
H1A | −0.2595 | 0.2758 | 0.4714 | 0.058* | |
H1B | −0.2490 | 0.1820 | 0.5297 | 0.058* | |
H1C | −0.2251 | 0.1569 | 0.4448 | 0.058* | |
C2 | 0.2337 (5) | 0.0964 (2) | 0.51710 (17) | 0.0461 (8) | |
H2A | 0.2128 | 0.0450 | 0.4778 | 0.069* | |
H2B | 0.1800 | 0.0679 | 0.5626 | 0.069* | |
H2C | 0.3784 | 0.1103 | 0.5232 | 0.069* | |
C3 | 0.1957 (4) | 0.2830 (2) | 0.40179 (14) | 0.0295 (6) | |
C4 | 0.1417 (4) | 0.2561 (2) | 0.33170 (15) | 0.0366 (7) | |
H4 | 0.0444 | 0.2033 | 0.3203 | 0.044* | |
C5 | 0.2455 (4) | 0.3148 (2) | 0.27812 (15) | 0.0346 (6) | |
H5 | 0.2239 | 0.3049 | 0.2273 | 0.042* | |
C6 | 0.3792 (4) | 0.3868 (2) | 0.30595 (13) | 0.0281 (5) | |
C7 | 0.7184 (5) | 0.4178 (3) | 0.18768 (17) | 0.0544 (9) | |
H7A | 0.7990 | 0.4701 | 0.1615 | 0.082* | |
H7B | 0.6351 | 0.3779 | 0.1528 | 0.082* | |
H7C | 0.8086 | 0.3693 | 0.2140 | 0.082* | |
C8 | 0.3709 (5) | 0.5915 (2) | 0.20864 (18) | 0.0535 (9) | |
H8A | 0.2960 | 0.6308 | 0.2455 | 0.080* | |
H8B | 0.2756 | 0.5548 | 0.1762 | 0.080* | |
H8C | 0.4528 | 0.6405 | 0.1802 | 0.080* | |
C9 | 0.7126 (4) | 0.5572 (2) | 0.32987 (13) | 0.0274 (5) | |
C10 | 0.9108 (4) | 0.5395 (3) | 0.34415 (18) | 0.0493 (8) | |
H10 | 0.9887 | 0.4889 | 0.3186 | 0.059* | |
C11 | 0.9916 (4) | 0.6038 (3) | 0.40107 (18) | 0.0525 (9) | |
H11 | 1.1286 | 0.6003 | 0.4169 | 0.063* | |
C12 | 0.8553 (4) | 0.6707 (2) | 0.43070 (14) | 0.0291 (6) |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
Ge1 | 0.02892 (14) | 0.02620 (14) | 0.02832 (15) | −0.00283 (11) | −0.00068 (11) | 0.00038 (11) |
Ge2 | 0.03170 (15) | 0.03462 (16) | 0.02218 (14) | −0.00246 (12) | −0.00042 (11) | 0.00054 (12) |
S1 | 0.0324 (3) | 0.0329 (4) | 0.0247 (3) | −0.0058 (3) | −0.0027 (3) | 0.0015 (3) |
S2 | 0.0283 (3) | 0.0388 (4) | 0.0305 (4) | 0.0048 (3) | −0.0027 (3) | −0.0058 (3) |
C1 | 0.0322 (14) | 0.0451 (17) | 0.0386 (16) | −0.0069 (13) | −0.0029 (12) | −0.0004 (13) |
C2 | 0.0519 (18) | 0.0328 (16) | 0.053 (2) | 0.0011 (14) | −0.0074 (15) | 0.0035 (14) |
C3 | 0.0300 (13) | 0.0257 (13) | 0.0330 (14) | −0.0012 (11) | 0.0004 (11) | −0.0011 (11) |
C4 | 0.0399 (15) | 0.0337 (15) | 0.0362 (16) | −0.0078 (12) | 0.0001 (13) | −0.0090 (12) |
C5 | 0.0393 (15) | 0.0384 (15) | 0.0261 (14) | −0.0031 (12) | 0.0010 (12) | −0.0068 (12) |
C6 | 0.0275 (12) | 0.0310 (14) | 0.0260 (13) | 0.0034 (11) | 0.0025 (10) | −0.0016 (11) |
C7 | 0.0522 (19) | 0.074 (2) | 0.0372 (18) | −0.0103 (18) | 0.0156 (15) | −0.0179 (17) |
C8 | 0.059 (2) | 0.0482 (19) | 0.053 (2) | −0.0040 (16) | −0.0258 (17) | 0.0174 (16) |
C9 | 0.0295 (13) | 0.0307 (13) | 0.0221 (13) | −0.0006 (11) | 0.0026 (10) | 0.0021 (10) |
C10 | 0.0350 (15) | 0.0518 (19) | 0.061 (2) | 0.0096 (14) | −0.0035 (15) | −0.0294 (16) |
C11 | 0.0293 (15) | 0.058 (2) | 0.070 (2) | 0.0078 (14) | −0.0124 (15) | −0.0270 (18) |
C12 | 0.0280 (12) | 0.0285 (14) | 0.0307 (14) | −0.0006 (11) | 0.0004 (11) | 0.0005 (11) |
Ge1—C12i | 1.935 (3) | C3—C4 | 1.373 (4) |
Ge1—C3 | 1.938 (3) | C4—C5 | 1.417 (4) |
Ge1—C1 | 1.939 (3) | C4—H4 | 0.9500 |
Ge1—C2 | 1.948 (3) | C5—C6 | 1.366 (3) |
Ge2—C7 | 1.935 (3) | C5—H5 | 0.9500 |
Ge2—C9 | 1.936 (2) | C7—H7A | 0.9800 |
Ge2—C6 | 1.936 (3) | C7—H7B | 0.9800 |
Ge2—C8 | 1.939 (3) | C7—H7C | 0.9800 |
S1—C3 | 1.718 (3) | C8—H8A | 0.9800 |
S1—C6 | 1.725 (3) | C8—H8B | 0.9800 |
S2—C12 | 1.714 (2) | C8—H8C | 0.9800 |
S2—C9 | 1.718 (3) | C9—C10 | 1.354 (4) |
C1—H1A | 0.9800 | C10—C11 | 1.424 (4) |
C1—H1B | 0.9800 | C10—H10 | 0.9500 |
C1—H1C | 0.9800 | C11—C12 | 1.356 (4) |
C2—H2A | 0.9800 | C11—H11 | 0.9500 |
C2—H2B | 0.9800 | C12—Ge1i | 1.935 (3) |
C2—H2C | 0.9800 | ||
C12i—Ge1—C3 | 108.81 (11) | C5—C4—H4 | 123.3 |
C12i—Ge1—C1 | 108.00 (11) | C6—C5—C4 | 114.1 (2) |
C3—Ge1—C1 | 108.94 (11) | C6—C5—H5 | 122.9 |
C12i—Ge1—C2 | 108.88 (12) | C4—C5—H5 | 122.9 |
C3—Ge1—C2 | 109.81 (12) | C5—C6—S1 | 109.0 (2) |
C1—Ge1—C2 | 112.32 (13) | C5—C6—Ge2 | 129.9 (2) |
C7—Ge2—C9 | 108.94 (12) | S1—C6—Ge2 | 120.97 (14) |
C7—Ge2—C6 | 109.73 (13) | Ge2—C7—H7A | 109.5 |
C9—Ge2—C6 | 107.11 (10) | Ge2—C7—H7B | 109.5 |
C7—Ge2—C8 | 111.90 (15) | H7A—C7—H7B | 109.5 |
C9—Ge2—C8 | 110.41 (12) | Ge2—C7—H7C | 109.5 |
C6—Ge2—C8 | 108.64 (12) | H7A—C7—H7C | 109.5 |
C3—S1—C6 | 94.08 (13) | H7B—C7—H7C | 109.5 |
C12—S2—C9 | 94.39 (12) | Ge2—C8—H8A | 109.5 |
Ge1—C1—H1A | 109.5 | Ge2—C8—H8B | 109.5 |
Ge1—C1—H1B | 109.5 | H8A—C8—H8B | 109.5 |
H1A—C1—H1B | 109.5 | Ge2—C8—H8C | 109.5 |
Ge1—C1—H1C | 109.5 | H8A—C8—H8C | 109.5 |
H1A—C1—H1C | 109.5 | H8B—C8—H8C | 109.5 |
H1B—C1—H1C | 109.5 | C10—C9—S2 | 109.0 (2) |
Ge1—C2—H2A | 109.5 | C10—C9—Ge2 | 127.2 (2) |
Ge1—C2—H2B | 109.5 | S2—C9—Ge2 | 123.75 (14) |
H2A—C2—H2B | 109.5 | C9—C10—C11 | 113.7 (3) |
Ge1—C2—H2C | 109.5 | C9—C10—H10 | 123.2 |
H2A—C2—H2C | 109.5 | C11—C10—H10 | 123.2 |
H2B—C2—H2C | 109.5 | C12—C11—C10 | 114.0 (2) |
C4—C3—S1 | 109.4 (2) | C12—C11—H11 | 123.0 |
C4—C3—Ge1 | 128.7 (2) | C10—C11—H11 | 123.0 |
S1—C3—Ge1 | 121.86 (14) | C11—C12—S2 | 108.9 (2) |
C3—C4—C5 | 113.3 (2) | C11—C12—Ge1i | 126.73 (19) |
C3—C4—H4 | 123.3 | S2—C12—Ge1i | 124.31 (14) |
Symmetry code: (i) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1. |
Cg1 is the centroid of the S1/C3–C6 ring. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C10—H10···Cg1ii | 0.95 | 2.82 | 3.606 (4) | 141 |
Symmetry code: (ii) x+1, y, z. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | [Ge4(CH3)8(C4H2S)4] |
Mr | 739.22 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, P21/c |
Temperature (K) | 193 |
a, b, c (Å) | 6.6211 (4), 12.6668 (7), 18.3413 (11) |
β (°) | 90.698 (4) |
V (Å3) | 1538.14 (16) |
Z | 2 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 4.15 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.20 × 0.06 × 0.02 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Bruker APEXII |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2006) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.741, 0.922 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 34763, 4222, 3102 |
Rint | 0.065 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.691 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.030, 0.064, 1.01 |
No. of reflections | 4222 |
No. of parameters | 149 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.44, −0.37 |
Computer programs: APEX2 (Bruker, 2006), APEX2 and SAINT (Bruker, 2006), SAINT (Bruker, 2006), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008) and publCIF (Westrip, 2010).
Cg1 is the centroid of the S1/C3–C6 ring. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C10—H10···Cg1i | 0.95 | 2.82 | 3.606 (4) | 141.0 |
Symmetry code: (i) x+1, y, z. |
Acknowledgements
This work was supported financially by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), by Université Paul Sabatier (UPS) and by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-08-CSOG-00). GC is grateful to the ANR for a PhD grant.
References
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Calix[4]thiophenes, sulfur-based analogues of calixarenes are of great importance for their uses in supramolecular chemistry. On the other hands, various hetero-calix[4]thiophenes in which group 14 atoms such as Si, Ge and Sn replace carbon atoms in the cyclic backbone have been prepared and characterized. However, to the best of our knowledge, no crystallographic data concerning germa-calixarene derivatives has far been reported so far (Cambridge Structural Database, V5.33, last update Aug. 2012; Allen, 2002).
The asymmetric unit of the title compound contains one half-molecule, the other half being related by a crystallographic inversion center (Fig. 1). In the asymmetric unit, the dihedral angle between adjacent thiophene rings is 72.84 (14)°. It is noteworthy that a C–H···π interaction between the hydrogen H10 and the π cloud of the thiophene ring S1/C3—C6 is observed giving stacks of the title compound along the a axis (Table 1 and Fig.2).