organic compounds
(1SR,3RS,3aSR,6aRS)-Methyl 5-methyl-4,6-dioxo-3-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1-carboxylate
aDepartment of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation, bInstitute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russian Federation, and cInstitute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii prosp. 31, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
*Correspondence e-mail: kudr@org.chem.msu.ru
In the title compound, C16H15F3N2O4, the relative stereochemistry of the four stereogenic C atoms has been determined. The carboxymethyl and 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituents of the pyrrolidine cycle have a cis mutual arrangement. The five-membered saturated azacycle adopts an with the N atom occupying the flap position. In the crystal, adjacent molecules are combined in centrosymmetric dimers by two weak N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
Related literature
For general background to the chemistry affording bicyclic pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-based scaffolds and structural determination, see: Kudryavtsev & Irkha (2005); Kudryavtsev (2008); Kudryavtsev & Zagulyaeva (2008); Kudryavtsev et al. (2011).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Refinement
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Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2008); cell SAINT (Bruker, 2008); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXTL; molecular graphics: SHELXTL; software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL.
Supporting information
10.1107/S1600536812051471/ff2094sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536812051471/ff2094Isup2.hkl
Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536812051471/ff2094Isup3.cml
Triethylamine (0.340 ml, 2.41 mmol) was added to the stirred mixture of 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (200 mg, 1.15 mmol), N-methylmaleimide (130 mg, 1.15 mmol), glycine methyl ester hydrochloride (158 mg, 1.30 mmol) and 4 Å molecular sieves (200 mg) in toluene under argon atmosphere. Reaction mixture was stirred for 48 h. Volatiles were removed at reduced pressure. CH2Cl2 (50 ml) was added to the residue, resulted suspension was filtered through Celite, washed with δ 2.61 (s, 3H, NCH3), 3.28 (t, 1H, H-3a, J 8.2), 3.40 (t, 1H, H-6a, J 7.3), 3.64 (s, 3H, OCH3), 3.95 (d, 1H, H-1, J 6.7), 4.59 (d, 1H, H-3, J 8.6), 7.20 (t, 1H, Ar, J 7.6), 7.30 (t, 1H, Ar, J 7.6), 7.61 (d, 1H, Ar, J 7.6). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 24.94, 47.31, 48.92, 52.26, 58.89, 61.04, 123.02, 125.89, 128.06, 128.23, 131.96, 135.74, 169.84, 174.30, 175.78. Found, %: C, 54.12; H, 4.27; N, 7.78. C16H15F3N2O4. Calculated, %: C, 53.94; H, 4.24; N, 7.86. The crystals were obtained by slow evaporation of the CDCl3 solution.
of NH4Cl (2 x 10 ml). Organic phase was dried over Na2SO4, concentrated and purified by on silica gel 60 (particle size 0.040–0.063 mm) using CH2Cl2—MeOH (100:1) as Yield 168 mg (41%), colorless crystals, mp 183–185°C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3):All hydrogen atoms were located in a difference Fourier map and refined with isotropic thermal parameters.
Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2008); cell
SAINT (Bruker, 2008); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2008); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).C16H15F3N2O4 | F(000) = 1472 |
Mr = 356.30 | Dx = 1.506 Mg m−3 |
Orthorhombic, Pbca | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: -P 2ac 2ab | Cell parameters from 7037 reflections |
a = 11.6168 (4) Å | θ = 2.6–30.2° |
b = 12.7385 (5) Å | µ = 0.13 mm−1 |
c = 21.2429 (8) Å | T = 150 K |
V = 3143.5 (2) Å3 | Block, colourless |
Z = 8 | 0.35 × 0.30 × 0.25 mm |
Bruker SMART APEXII diffractometer | 4585 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 3698 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.032 |
ω scans | θmax = 30.0°, θmin = 2.6° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2008) | h = −16→16 |
Tmin = 0.955, Tmax = 0.968 | k = −17→16 |
28987 measured reflections | l = −29→29 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.041 | Hydrogen site location: difference Fourier map |
wR(F2) = 0.115 | All H-atom parameters refined |
S = 1.05 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0599P)2 + 0.958P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
4585 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
286 parameters | Δρmax = 0.41 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.36 e Å−3 |
C16H15F3N2O4 | V = 3143.5 (2) Å3 |
Mr = 356.30 | Z = 8 |
Orthorhombic, Pbca | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 11.6168 (4) Å | µ = 0.13 mm−1 |
b = 12.7385 (5) Å | T = 150 K |
c = 21.2429 (8) Å | 0.35 × 0.30 × 0.25 mm |
Bruker SMART APEXII diffractometer | 4585 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2008) | 3698 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.955, Tmax = 0.968 | Rint = 0.032 |
28987 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.041 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.115 | All H-atom parameters refined |
S = 1.05 | Δρmax = 0.41 e Å−3 |
4585 reflections | Δρmin = −0.36 e Å−3 |
286 parameters |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
N1 | 0.37232 (8) | 0.96741 (8) | 0.58121 (4) | 0.01832 (19) | |
N2 | 0.43578 (9) | 0.80090 (8) | 0.70073 (5) | 0.0223 (2) | |
O1 | 0.59707 (8) | 0.90401 (9) | 0.70207 (5) | 0.0323 (2) | |
O2 | 0.25210 (8) | 0.73656 (7) | 0.69180 (4) | 0.0293 (2) | |
O3 | 0.60527 (8) | 1.01872 (8) | 0.56746 (4) | 0.0261 (2) | |
O4 | 0.59604 (7) | 1.12962 (7) | 0.64969 (4) | 0.0265 (2) | |
F1 | 0.02339 (7) | 0.95536 (7) | 0.66222 (4) | 0.0360 (2) | |
F2 | 0.01291 (10) | 1.04045 (8) | 0.57563 (5) | 0.0519 (3) | |
F3 | −0.11317 (8) | 0.92265 (11) | 0.59782 (7) | 0.0708 (4) | |
C1 | 0.49344 (10) | 0.89519 (10) | 0.69792 (5) | 0.0218 (2) | |
C2 | 0.40611 (10) | 0.98226 (9) | 0.68818 (5) | 0.0187 (2) | |
C3 | 0.42693 (10) | 1.03976 (9) | 0.62520 (5) | 0.0182 (2) | |
C4 | 0.25821 (9) | 0.94880 (9) | 0.60901 (5) | 0.0180 (2) | |
C5 | 0.29053 (9) | 0.92447 (9) | 0.67894 (5) | 0.0187 (2) | |
C6 | 0.31822 (10) | 0.80982 (9) | 0.69077 (5) | 0.0206 (2) | |
C7 | 0.49500 (13) | 0.70166 (11) | 0.71063 (7) | 0.0309 (3) | |
C8 | 0.55262 (10) | 1.05870 (9) | 0.60979 (5) | 0.0197 (2) | |
C9 | 0.71865 (12) | 1.14732 (14) | 0.64520 (7) | 0.0352 (3) | |
C10 | −0.00083 (11) | 0.94442 (12) | 0.60086 (7) | 0.0342 (3) | |
C11 | 0.19231 (9) | 0.86470 (9) | 0.57357 (5) | 0.0182 (2) | |
C12 | 0.25319 (10) | 0.78516 (10) | 0.54317 (6) | 0.0238 (2) | |
C13 | 0.19746 (11) | 0.70890 (10) | 0.50777 (6) | 0.0246 (2) | |
C14 | 0.07863 (11) | 0.70963 (10) | 0.50236 (6) | 0.0241 (2) | |
C15 | 0.01667 (11) | 0.78587 (10) | 0.53409 (6) | 0.0265 (3) | |
C16 | 0.07221 (10) | 0.86314 (10) | 0.56912 (6) | 0.0224 (2) | |
H4 | 0.2122 (13) | 1.0153 (12) | 0.6103 (7) | 0.023 (4)* | |
H14 | 0.0394 (13) | 0.6570 (12) | 0.4770 (7) | 0.024 (4)* | |
H5 | 0.2277 (12) | 0.9465 (11) | 0.7074 (7) | 0.018 (3)* | |
H1 | 0.3693 (12) | 0.9935 (12) | 0.5427 (7) | 0.021 (4)* | |
H3 | 0.3902 (13) | 1.1102 (12) | 0.6286 (7) | 0.025 (4)* | |
H15 | −0.0638 (14) | 0.7870 (13) | 0.5322 (8) | 0.034 (4)* | |
H2 | 0.4071 (13) | 1.0292 (13) | 0.7231 (7) | 0.028 (4)* | |
H12 | 0.3371 (15) | 0.7847 (13) | 0.5480 (8) | 0.034 (4)* | |
H13 | 0.2416 (14) | 0.6568 (13) | 0.4868 (8) | 0.032 (4)* | |
H73 | 0.5522 (17) | 0.7131 (15) | 0.7416 (10) | 0.051 (5)* | |
H72 | 0.5263 (16) | 0.6773 (15) | 0.6724 (10) | 0.048 (5)* | |
H93 | 0.7376 (17) | 1.2026 (16) | 0.6754 (9) | 0.053 (5)* | |
H71 | 0.4386 (16) | 0.6518 (15) | 0.7264 (9) | 0.043 (5)* | |
H92 | 0.7571 (18) | 1.0823 (17) | 0.6561 (9) | 0.052 (6)* | |
H91 | 0.7395 (18) | 1.1612 (16) | 0.6019 (10) | 0.057 (6)* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
N1 | 0.0192 (4) | 0.0201 (5) | 0.0156 (4) | −0.0034 (3) | −0.0001 (3) | −0.0012 (3) |
N2 | 0.0226 (5) | 0.0219 (5) | 0.0223 (4) | −0.0002 (4) | −0.0016 (4) | 0.0028 (4) |
O1 | 0.0209 (4) | 0.0408 (6) | 0.0351 (5) | −0.0038 (4) | −0.0069 (4) | 0.0116 (4) |
O2 | 0.0306 (5) | 0.0260 (5) | 0.0313 (4) | −0.0092 (4) | −0.0024 (4) | 0.0040 (4) |
O3 | 0.0235 (4) | 0.0328 (5) | 0.0219 (4) | −0.0027 (4) | 0.0024 (3) | −0.0044 (3) |
O4 | 0.0226 (4) | 0.0287 (5) | 0.0282 (4) | −0.0085 (4) | 0.0013 (3) | −0.0080 (4) |
F1 | 0.0303 (4) | 0.0427 (5) | 0.0349 (4) | 0.0047 (3) | 0.0050 (3) | −0.0139 (4) |
F2 | 0.0706 (7) | 0.0358 (5) | 0.0493 (6) | 0.0292 (5) | −0.0191 (5) | −0.0091 (4) |
F3 | 0.0184 (4) | 0.0833 (8) | 0.1107 (10) | 0.0122 (5) | −0.0119 (5) | −0.0622 (8) |
C1 | 0.0222 (5) | 0.0272 (6) | 0.0162 (5) | −0.0026 (4) | −0.0030 (4) | 0.0019 (4) |
C2 | 0.0199 (5) | 0.0206 (5) | 0.0157 (4) | −0.0035 (4) | 0.0002 (4) | −0.0033 (4) |
C3 | 0.0191 (5) | 0.0176 (5) | 0.0178 (4) | −0.0020 (4) | −0.0002 (4) | −0.0017 (4) |
C4 | 0.0169 (5) | 0.0184 (5) | 0.0185 (5) | −0.0004 (4) | 0.0001 (4) | −0.0024 (4) |
C5 | 0.0172 (5) | 0.0215 (5) | 0.0174 (4) | −0.0020 (4) | 0.0016 (4) | −0.0021 (4) |
C6 | 0.0223 (5) | 0.0235 (6) | 0.0161 (5) | −0.0027 (4) | 0.0010 (4) | 0.0000 (4) |
C7 | 0.0309 (7) | 0.0268 (7) | 0.0352 (7) | 0.0057 (5) | −0.0003 (5) | 0.0065 (5) |
C8 | 0.0207 (5) | 0.0195 (5) | 0.0189 (5) | −0.0022 (4) | −0.0014 (4) | 0.0009 (4) |
C9 | 0.0232 (6) | 0.0457 (9) | 0.0367 (7) | −0.0127 (6) | 0.0005 (5) | −0.0083 (6) |
C10 | 0.0202 (6) | 0.0376 (8) | 0.0448 (8) | 0.0082 (5) | −0.0101 (5) | −0.0172 (6) |
C11 | 0.0182 (5) | 0.0191 (5) | 0.0174 (5) | −0.0019 (4) | −0.0003 (4) | −0.0009 (4) |
C12 | 0.0186 (5) | 0.0255 (6) | 0.0274 (5) | −0.0036 (4) | 0.0050 (4) | −0.0062 (4) |
C13 | 0.0254 (6) | 0.0226 (6) | 0.0257 (5) | −0.0034 (5) | 0.0065 (4) | −0.0061 (4) |
C14 | 0.0262 (6) | 0.0228 (6) | 0.0231 (5) | −0.0045 (5) | −0.0024 (4) | −0.0039 (4) |
C15 | 0.0198 (5) | 0.0290 (6) | 0.0307 (6) | 0.0000 (5) | −0.0065 (5) | −0.0059 (5) |
C16 | 0.0185 (5) | 0.0234 (6) | 0.0254 (5) | 0.0036 (4) | −0.0044 (4) | −0.0048 (4) |
N1—C3 | 1.4578 (14) | C4—C5 | 1.5633 (15) |
N1—C4 | 1.4704 (14) | C4—H4 | 1.002 (15) |
N1—H1 | 0.884 (15) | C5—C6 | 1.5164 (17) |
N2—C1 | 1.3766 (16) | C5—H5 | 0.988 (14) |
N2—C6 | 1.3866 (15) | C7—H73 | 0.95 (2) |
N2—C7 | 1.4545 (16) | C7—H72 | 0.94 (2) |
O1—C1 | 1.2124 (14) | C7—H71 | 0.972 (19) |
O2—C6 | 1.2089 (15) | C9—H93 | 0.98 (2) |
O3—C8 | 1.2008 (14) | C9—H92 | 0.97 (2) |
O4—C8 | 1.3375 (14) | C9—H91 | 0.97 (2) |
O4—C9 | 1.4451 (15) | C10—C16 | 1.4990 (17) |
F1—C10 | 1.3406 (17) | C11—C12 | 1.3942 (16) |
F2—C10 | 1.3452 (19) | C11—C16 | 1.3984 (15) |
F3—C10 | 1.3357 (16) | C12—C13 | 1.3886 (16) |
C1—C2 | 1.5173 (17) | C12—H12 | 0.980 (17) |
C2—C5 | 1.5437 (15) | C13—C14 | 1.3852 (17) |
C2—C3 | 1.5444 (15) | C13—H13 | 0.950 (17) |
C2—H2 | 0.953 (16) | C14—C15 | 1.3842 (18) |
C3—C8 | 1.5157 (16) | C14—H14 | 0.973 (15) |
C3—H3 | 0.997 (16) | C15—C16 | 1.3923 (17) |
C4—C11 | 1.5168 (15) | C15—H15 | 0.936 (17) |
C3—N1—C4 | 103.70 (8) | N2—C7—H72 | 110.1 (12) |
C3—N1—H1 | 112.0 (10) | H73—C7—H72 | 112.3 (16) |
C4—N1—H1 | 113.3 (9) | N2—C7—H71 | 107.4 (11) |
C1—N2—C6 | 113.64 (10) | H73—C7—H71 | 109.5 (16) |
C1—N2—C7 | 122.31 (11) | H72—C7—H71 | 110.0 (16) |
C6—N2—C7 | 124.00 (11) | O3—C8—O4 | 124.67 (11) |
C8—O4—C9 | 115.80 (10) | O3—C8—C3 | 125.80 (10) |
O1—C1—N2 | 124.12 (12) | O4—C8—C3 | 109.51 (9) |
O1—C1—C2 | 127.31 (11) | O4—C9—H93 | 106.9 (12) |
N2—C1—C2 | 108.57 (10) | O4—C9—H92 | 107.7 (12) |
C1—C2—C5 | 104.50 (9) | H93—C9—H92 | 110.8 (17) |
C1—C2—C3 | 111.11 (9) | O4—C9—H91 | 109.7 (12) |
C5—C2—C3 | 104.61 (9) | H93—C9—H91 | 115.8 (17) |
C1—C2—H2 | 110.2 (10) | H92—C9—H91 | 105.6 (17) |
C5—C2—H2 | 114.1 (10) | F3—C10—F1 | 105.89 (13) |
C3—C2—H2 | 112.0 (10) | F3—C10—F2 | 106.58 (12) |
N1—C3—C8 | 112.42 (9) | F1—C10—F2 | 105.55 (11) |
N1—C3—C2 | 100.80 (9) | F3—C10—C16 | 112.82 (11) |
C8—C3—C2 | 114.43 (9) | F1—C10—C16 | 112.98 (11) |
N1—C3—H3 | 115.4 (9) | F2—C10—C16 | 112.44 (13) |
C8—C3—H3 | 106.6 (9) | C12—C11—C16 | 117.67 (10) |
C2—C3—H3 | 107.3 (9) | C12—C11—C4 | 119.15 (10) |
N1—C4—C11 | 111.69 (9) | C16—C11—C4 | 123.17 (10) |
N1—C4—C5 | 101.36 (8) | C13—C12—C11 | 121.52 (11) |
C11—C4—C5 | 116.93 (9) | C13—C12—H12 | 121.0 (10) |
N1—C4—H4 | 110.8 (9) | C11—C12—H12 | 117.4 (10) |
C11—C4—H4 | 109.9 (9) | C14—C13—C12 | 120.32 (11) |
C5—C4—H4 | 105.7 (8) | C14—C13—H13 | 120.2 (10) |
C6—C5—C2 | 104.70 (9) | C12—C13—H13 | 119.4 (10) |
C6—C5—C4 | 113.54 (9) | C15—C14—C13 | 118.85 (11) |
C2—C5—C4 | 103.61 (9) | C15—C14—H14 | 120.6 (9) |
C6—C5—H5 | 109.2 (8) | C13—C14—H14 | 120.5 (9) |
C2—C5—H5 | 115.4 (8) | C14—C15—C16 | 121.01 (11) |
C4—C5—H5 | 110.4 (8) | C14—C15—H15 | 120.6 (10) |
O2—C6—N2 | 124.03 (11) | C16—C15—H15 | 118.4 (10) |
O2—C6—C5 | 127.72 (11) | C15—C16—C11 | 120.57 (11) |
N2—C6—C5 | 108.25 (9) | C15—C16—C10 | 117.79 (11) |
N2—C7—H73 | 107.4 (12) | C11—C16—C10 | 121.63 (11) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N1—H1···O3i | 0.884 (15) | 2.363 (15) | 3.1738 (13) | 152.5 (13) |
Symmetry code: (i) −x+1, −y+2, −z+1. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C16H15F3N2O4 |
Mr | 356.30 |
Crystal system, space group | Orthorhombic, Pbca |
Temperature (K) | 150 |
a, b, c (Å) | 11.6168 (4), 12.7385 (5), 21.2429 (8) |
V (Å3) | 3143.5 (2) |
Z | 8 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.13 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.35 × 0.30 × 0.25 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Bruker SMART APEXII diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2008) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.955, 0.968 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 28987, 4585, 3698 |
Rint | 0.032 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.703 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.041, 0.115, 1.05 |
No. of reflections | 4585 |
No. of parameters | 286 |
H-atom treatment | All H-atom parameters refined |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.41, −0.36 |
Computer programs: APEX2 (Bruker, 2008), SAINT (Bruker, 2008), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N1—H1···O3i | 0.884 (15) | 2.363 (15) | 3.1738 (13) | 152.5 (13) |
Symmetry code: (i) −x+1, −y+2, −z+1. |
Acknowledgements
This study was partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project Nos 11-03-00630_a, 11-03-91375-ST_a and 12-03-92005-NNS_a).
References
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Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112–122. Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
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The core of the title compound is formed by two fused pyrrolidine cycles. It was effectively synthesized by the three-component approach developed by the authors (Fig. 1). Combination of molecular sieves and triethyamine represents an efficient reagent for performing three-component interaction of benzaldehyde, glycine ester and dipolarophile. The product X-ray structure determination indicates that cycloaddition step proceeds as endo-process (Fig. 2). Tetrasubstituted pyrrolidine cycle adopts envelope conformation with N1 atom occupying flap position. Amine atom N1 has trigonal pyramidal environment with the sum of valent angles equal to 329.0 °. Hydrogen atom H1 lies in axial position (relative to the mean plane of five-membered ring). As expected, dioxopyrrolidine cycle is planar within 0.0354 (7) Å.
In the crystal, the adjacent molecules are combined in centrosymmetric dimers by two weak N—H···O hydrogen bonds (Fig. 3). The same dimers were previously observed in the structure of (1SR,3RS,3aSR,6aRS-methyl 5-methyl-4,6-dioxo-3-phenyloctahydropyrrolo [3,4-c]pyrrole-1-carboxylate (Kudryavtsev & Zagulyaeva, 2008).