organic compounds
The chalcone derivative (E)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one monohydrate
aDepartment of Chemistry, Xavier University of New Orleans, 1 Drexel Drive, Box 114, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, USA, bDepartment of Chemistry, Xavier University of New Orleans, 1 Drexel Drive, Box 22, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, USA, and cDepartment of Chemistry, Tulane University, 6400 Freret Street, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118-5698, USA
*Correspondence e-mail: flpayton@xula.edu
The title compound, C16H13FO3·H2O, has a cis disposition of the carbonyl and olefin bonds about the enone single bond. The arene rings are inclined to one another by 10.05 (6) Å. In the crystal, molecules are linked via O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the water molecules, forming loops which are, in turn, linked via O—H.·O and C—H⋯F hydrogen bonds, forming sheets lying parallel to (103). These networks are linked via π–π interactions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.641 (1) Å] involving inversion-related 4-fluorophenyl and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl rings.
Related literature
For background information on the biological activity of et al. (1995); Calliste et al. (2001); Nowakowska (2007); Kontogiorgis et al. (2008); Ducki (2009); Batovska & Todorova (2010); Batovska & Parushev (2010); Gupta et al. (2010); Varinska et al. (2010); Katsori & Hadjipavlou-Litina (2011); Orlikova, et al. (2011); Yadav et al. (2011); Kathiravan et al. (2012); Sahu et al. (2012). For related chalcone structures, see: Rabinovich (1970); Ohkura et al. (1973); Hunter & Sanders (1990); Arai et al. (1994); Wu et al. (2006); Teh et al. (2006); Yathirajan et al. (2006, 2007); Butcher et al. (2007); Hayashi et al. (2009).
see: AntoExperimental
Crystal data
|
Refinement
|
Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2010); cell SAINT (Bruker, 2010); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: XP in SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL.
Supporting information
10.1107/S160053681300696X/pk2468sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S160053681300696X/pk2468Isup2.hkl
Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S160053681300696X/pk2468Isup3.cml
(E)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-ene-1-one (I). Solid potassium hydroxide (20 g, 0.36 mol) was added to a mixture of vanillin (3.0 g, 0.020 mol) and 4-fluoroacetophenone (2.8 g, 0.020 mol) in 40 mL of methanol and 20 mL of H2O. The resulting solution was refluxed for 15 minutes and cooled in an ice bath. The reaction mixture was then diluted with 200 mL of H2O and stored in the refrigerator overnight. The precipitated yellow solid was collected by vacuum filtration and dried. The crude material was then purified via flash δ (in ppm): 3.87 (s, 3H, -OCH3), 5.95 (s, 1H, -OH), 6.95 (d, 1H, Ar-5'H), 7.15 (d, 2H, Ar-3", 5"H), 7.17 (d, 1H, Ar-6'H), 7.25 (d, 1H, =CHa), 7.31 (s, 1H, Ar-2'H), 7.75 (d, 1H, =CHb), 8.04 (m, 2H, Ar-2",6"H). 13C NMR (acetone) δ (in ppm): 56.23 (OCH3), 110.27 (Ar-C2'), 115.15 (Ar-C3", C5"), 115.78 (Ar-C5'), 116.00 (Ar-C6'), 119.39 (Ar-C1'), 123.68 (=Cb), 127.53 (Ar-C2",C6"), 131.18 (Ar-C1"), 145.72 (Ar-C4'), 147.06 (=Ca), 148.65 (Ar-C3'), 166.96 (Ar-C4"), 189.21 (C=O). Diffraction quality, pale yellow, needle-shaped crystals were obtained by slow cooling of a warm solution in 1:1 H2O:EtOH.
on silica gel with 20:80 ethyl acetate:hexanes as the eluting solvent to yield a dark yellow solid (I) in 35% yield. 1H NMR (CDCl3)Hydrogen atoms were identified in the later difference maps, and their positions were refined with isotropic displacement parameters that were approximately 1.2–1.5 times (for carbon) or 2.0 times (for oxygen) those of the atoms to which they were attached.
Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2010); cell
SAINT (Bruker, 2010); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2010); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: XP in SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).Fig. 1. Thermal ellipsoid plot drawn at the 50% probability level for (E)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-ene-1-one monohydrate. | |
Fig. 2. Partial packing diagram showing the two-dimensional sheet network of molecules in the ab plane, the formation of which is governed by the occurrence of numerous hydrogen bonds with co-crystallized water molecules. Oxygen atoms are illustrated in red and fluorine atoms in light green. Hydrogen bonds are depicted with dashed lines. |
C16H13FO3·H2O | F(000) = 608 |
Mr = 290.29 | Dx = 1.409 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P21/n | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: -P 2yn | Cell parameters from 7532 reflections |
a = 9.787 (2) Å | θ = 28.3–2.5° |
b = 10.993 (3) Å | µ = 0.11 mm−1 |
c = 12.781 (3) Å | T = 100 K |
β = 95.722 (4)° | Needle, pale yellow |
V = 1368.2 (5) Å3 | 0.34 × 0.27 × 0.21 mm |
Z = 4 |
Bruker SMART APEX CCD diffractometer | 3203 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 2855 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.022 |
ϕ and ω scans | θmax = 28.3°, θmin = 2.5° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2009) | h = −13→12 |
Tmin = 0.845, Tmax = 0.978 | k = −13→14 |
11909 measured reflections | l = −16→16 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.041 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.110 | All H-atom parameters refined |
S = 1.02 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0607P)2 + 0.5324P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
3203 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
250 parameters | Δρmax = 0.37 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.22 e Å−3 |
C16H13FO3·H2O | V = 1368.2 (5) Å3 |
Mr = 290.29 | Z = 4 |
Monoclinic, P21/n | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 9.787 (2) Å | µ = 0.11 mm−1 |
b = 10.993 (3) Å | T = 100 K |
c = 12.781 (3) Å | 0.34 × 0.27 × 0.21 mm |
β = 95.722 (4)° |
Bruker SMART APEX CCD diffractometer | 3203 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2009) | 2855 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.845, Tmax = 0.978 | Rint = 0.022 |
11909 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.041 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.110 | All H-atom parameters refined |
S = 1.02 | Δρmax = 0.37 e Å−3 |
3203 reflections | Δρmin = −0.22 e Å−3 |
250 parameters |
Experimental. The diffraction data were obtained from 3 sets of 606 frames, each of width 0.3 ° in ω, collected at ϕ = 0.00, 120.00 and 240.00 °. The scan time was 30 sec/frame. |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > 2σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R-factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
F1 | 1.90355 (8) | −0.41277 (7) | 0.21518 (6) | 0.0284 (2) | |
O1 | 1.40402 (9) | −0.31928 (8) | 0.47673 (7) | 0.0243 (2) | |
O2 | 1.03808 (9) | 0.36973 (8) | 0.45389 (7) | 0.0216 (2) | |
H2 | 0.977 (2) | 0.3730 (17) | 0.5032 (16) | 0.043 (5)* | |
O3 | 1.23977 (10) | 0.34671 (8) | 0.33849 (7) | 0.0237 (2) | |
O4 | 1.14188 (10) | −0.39678 (10) | 0.40629 (8) | 0.0266 (2) | |
H4A | 1.227 (2) | −0.378 (2) | 0.4266 (16) | 0.052 (6)* | |
H4B | 1.141 (2) | −0.472 (2) | 0.3984 (17) | 0.063 (7)* | |
C1 | 1.45724 (12) | −0.24717 (11) | 0.41849 (9) | 0.0184 (3) | |
C2 | 1.57311 (12) | −0.28995 (11) | 0.36004 (9) | 0.0178 (2) | |
C3 | 1.61894 (13) | −0.22551 (11) | 0.27605 (10) | 0.0210 (3) | |
H3 | 1.5730 (17) | −0.1494 (16) | 0.2507 (13) | 0.031 (4)* | |
C4 | 1.72921 (14) | −0.26744 (12) | 0.22595 (10) | 0.0233 (3) | |
H4 | 1.7621 (17) | −0.2243 (16) | 0.1683 (13) | 0.030 (4)* | |
C5 | 1.79286 (13) | −0.37355 (12) | 0.26222 (10) | 0.0215 (3) | |
C6 | 1.75010 (13) | −0.44096 (11) | 0.34390 (10) | 0.0211 (3) | |
H6 | 1.7980 (16) | −0.5140 (16) | 0.3672 (12) | 0.029 (4)* | |
C7 | 1.63853 (13) | −0.39926 (11) | 0.39241 (10) | 0.0201 (3) | |
H7 | 1.6074 (16) | −0.4430 (14) | 0.4491 (13) | 0.024 (4)* | |
C8 | 1.41072 (13) | −0.12016 (11) | 0.40715 (10) | 0.0195 (3) | |
H8 | 1.4531 (16) | −0.0693 (15) | 0.3609 (13) | 0.027 (4)* | |
C9 | 1.31350 (12) | −0.07855 (11) | 0.46511 (10) | 0.0189 (3) | |
H9 | 1.2769 (16) | −0.1366 (15) | 0.5109 (12) | 0.024 (4)* | |
C10 | 1.25059 (12) | 0.04162 (11) | 0.46436 (9) | 0.0182 (2) | |
C11 | 1.14937 (13) | 0.06159 (11) | 0.53213 (10) | 0.0196 (3) | |
H11 | 1.1290 (16) | −0.0018 (16) | 0.5787 (13) | 0.028 (4)* | |
C12 | 1.07706 (12) | 0.17051 (11) | 0.53043 (10) | 0.0199 (3) | |
H12 | 1.0059 (16) | 0.1842 (14) | 0.5779 (12) | 0.024 (4)* | |
C13 | 1.10616 (12) | 0.26192 (11) | 0.46193 (9) | 0.0182 (3) | |
C14 | 1.21398 (12) | 0.24626 (11) | 0.39687 (9) | 0.0187 (3) | |
C15 | 1.28376 (12) | 0.13679 (11) | 0.39695 (10) | 0.0189 (3) | |
H15 | 1.3551 (16) | 0.1271 (15) | 0.3518 (13) | 0.026 (4)* | |
C16 | 1.36498 (14) | 0.34589 (13) | 0.28868 (11) | 0.0250 (3) | |
H16A | 1.4443 (17) | 0.3331 (15) | 0.3422 (13) | 0.028 (4)* | |
H16C | 1.3620 (16) | 0.2806 (14) | 0.2335 (12) | 0.023 (4)* | |
H16B | 1.3695 (17) | 0.4287 (15) | 0.2550 (13) | 0.030 (4)* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
F1 | 0.0297 (4) | 0.0264 (4) | 0.0307 (4) | 0.0078 (3) | 0.0101 (3) | −0.0034 (3) |
O1 | 0.0235 (5) | 0.0194 (4) | 0.0306 (5) | −0.0001 (4) | 0.0062 (4) | 0.0052 (4) |
O2 | 0.0219 (4) | 0.0178 (4) | 0.0252 (5) | 0.0039 (3) | 0.0035 (4) | −0.0002 (3) |
O3 | 0.0272 (5) | 0.0195 (5) | 0.0254 (5) | 0.0023 (4) | 0.0075 (4) | 0.0047 (3) |
O4 | 0.0229 (5) | 0.0207 (5) | 0.0369 (6) | 0.0017 (4) | 0.0063 (4) | 0.0015 (4) |
C1 | 0.0169 (5) | 0.0181 (6) | 0.0195 (6) | −0.0012 (4) | −0.0010 (4) | 0.0003 (4) |
C2 | 0.0186 (6) | 0.0152 (5) | 0.0191 (6) | −0.0001 (4) | −0.0006 (4) | −0.0014 (4) |
C3 | 0.0260 (6) | 0.0160 (6) | 0.0209 (6) | 0.0026 (5) | 0.0017 (5) | −0.0001 (4) |
C4 | 0.0307 (7) | 0.0188 (6) | 0.0213 (6) | 0.0017 (5) | 0.0070 (5) | 0.0005 (5) |
C5 | 0.0228 (6) | 0.0202 (6) | 0.0218 (6) | 0.0028 (5) | 0.0031 (5) | −0.0064 (5) |
C6 | 0.0245 (6) | 0.0155 (6) | 0.0224 (6) | 0.0043 (5) | −0.0018 (5) | −0.0021 (4) |
C7 | 0.0243 (6) | 0.0158 (6) | 0.0199 (6) | −0.0001 (5) | 0.0014 (5) | −0.0001 (5) |
C8 | 0.0194 (6) | 0.0170 (6) | 0.0219 (6) | −0.0007 (5) | 0.0013 (5) | 0.0014 (5) |
C9 | 0.0189 (6) | 0.0175 (6) | 0.0198 (6) | −0.0016 (4) | −0.0004 (5) | 0.0011 (4) |
C10 | 0.0178 (5) | 0.0180 (6) | 0.0183 (6) | −0.0003 (4) | −0.0005 (4) | −0.0016 (4) |
C11 | 0.0201 (6) | 0.0183 (6) | 0.0206 (6) | −0.0025 (5) | 0.0021 (5) | 0.0007 (5) |
C12 | 0.0176 (6) | 0.0206 (6) | 0.0218 (6) | −0.0008 (4) | 0.0031 (5) | −0.0022 (5) |
C13 | 0.0172 (5) | 0.0167 (6) | 0.0201 (6) | 0.0009 (4) | −0.0011 (4) | −0.0031 (4) |
C14 | 0.0199 (6) | 0.0179 (6) | 0.0179 (6) | −0.0013 (4) | 0.0003 (5) | 0.0004 (4) |
C15 | 0.0185 (6) | 0.0201 (6) | 0.0183 (6) | 0.0000 (4) | 0.0024 (4) | −0.0008 (4) |
C16 | 0.0262 (7) | 0.0247 (7) | 0.0247 (6) | −0.0011 (5) | 0.0064 (5) | 0.0046 (5) |
F1—C5 | 1.3604 (14) | C6—H6 | 0.962 (17) |
O1—C1 | 1.2374 (15) | C7—H7 | 0.945 (16) |
O2—C13 | 1.3585 (15) | C8—C9 | 1.3430 (18) |
O2—H2 | 0.91 (2) | C8—H8 | 0.939 (17) |
O3—C14 | 1.3702 (15) | C9—C10 | 1.4572 (17) |
O3—C16 | 1.4361 (16) | C9—H9 | 0.960 (16) |
O4—H4A | 0.88 (2) | C10—C11 | 1.3968 (17) |
O4—H4B | 0.83 (3) | C10—C15 | 1.4135 (17) |
C1—C8 | 1.4712 (17) | C11—C12 | 1.3899 (18) |
C1—C2 | 1.4947 (17) | C11—H11 | 0.950 (17) |
C2—C3 | 1.3969 (18) | C12—C13 | 1.3811 (18) |
C2—C7 | 1.4043 (17) | C12—H12 | 0.980 (16) |
C3—C4 | 1.3874 (18) | C13—C14 | 1.4175 (17) |
C3—H3 | 0.989 (17) | C14—C15 | 1.3837 (17) |
C4—C5 | 1.3807 (18) | C15—H15 | 0.955 (16) |
C4—H4 | 0.959 (17) | C16—H16A | 0.992 (17) |
C5—C6 | 1.3788 (19) | C16—H16C | 1.005 (16) |
C6—C7 | 1.3863 (18) | C16—H16B | 1.009 (17) |
C13—O2—H2 | 109.5 (12) | C8—C9—C10 | 128.85 (12) |
C14—O3—C16 | 116.62 (10) | C8—C9—H9 | 116.0 (9) |
H4A—O4—H4B | 106 (2) | C10—C9—H9 | 115.1 (9) |
O1—C1—C8 | 121.50 (11) | C11—C10—C15 | 118.81 (11) |
O1—C1—C2 | 119.00 (11) | C11—C10—C9 | 117.62 (11) |
C8—C1—C2 | 119.48 (11) | C15—C10—C9 | 123.54 (11) |
C3—C2—C7 | 119.24 (11) | C12—C11—C10 | 121.14 (12) |
C3—C2—C1 | 122.83 (11) | C12—C11—H11 | 120.2 (10) |
C7—C2—C1 | 117.93 (11) | C10—C11—H11 | 118.7 (10) |
C4—C3—C2 | 120.69 (12) | C13—C12—C11 | 120.00 (11) |
C4—C3—H3 | 118.6 (10) | C13—C12—H12 | 119.0 (9) |
C2—C3—H3 | 120.7 (10) | C11—C12—H12 | 121.0 (9) |
C5—C4—C3 | 118.12 (12) | O2—C13—C12 | 123.52 (11) |
C5—C4—H4 | 120.1 (10) | O2—C13—C14 | 116.73 (11) |
C3—C4—H4 | 121.8 (10) | C12—C13—C14 | 119.74 (11) |
F1—C5—C6 | 118.65 (11) | O3—C14—C15 | 125.71 (11) |
F1—C5—C4 | 118.15 (12) | O3—C14—C13 | 114.20 (10) |
C6—C5—C4 | 123.19 (12) | C15—C14—C13 | 120.09 (11) |
C5—C6—C7 | 118.23 (12) | C14—C15—C10 | 120.06 (11) |
C5—C6—H6 | 120.5 (9) | C14—C15—H15 | 119.1 (10) |
C7—C6—H6 | 121.2 (9) | C10—C15—H15 | 120.8 (10) |
C6—C7—C2 | 120.49 (12) | O3—C16—H16A | 109.8 (9) |
C6—C7—H7 | 120.2 (10) | O3—C16—H16C | 110.4 (9) |
C2—C7—H7 | 119.3 (9) | H16A—C16—H16C | 110.4 (13) |
C9—C8—C1 | 119.88 (11) | O3—C16—H16B | 105.0 (10) |
C9—C8—H8 | 121.7 (10) | H16A—C16—H16B | 110.9 (14) |
C1—C8—H8 | 118.4 (10) | H16C—C16—H16B | 110.1 (13) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O2—H2···O4i | 0.91 (2) | 1.74 (2) | 2.6479 (14) | 173.5 (18) |
O4—H4A···O1 | 0.88 (2) | 1.90 (2) | 2.7672 (15) | 173 (2) |
O4—H4B···O2ii | 0.83 (3) | 2.17 (3) | 2.8485 (15) | 139 (2) |
O4—H4B···O3ii | 0.83 (3) | 2.38 (3) | 3.1283 (15) | 151 (2) |
C8—H8···F1iii | 0.94 (2) | 2.48 (2) | 3.3931 (17) | 164 (1) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+2, −y, −z+1; (ii) x, y−1, z; (iii) −x+7/2, y+1/2, −z+1/2. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C16H13FO3·H2O |
Mr | 290.29 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, P21/n |
Temperature (K) | 100 |
a, b, c (Å) | 9.787 (2), 10.993 (3), 12.781 (3) |
β (°) | 95.722 (4) |
V (Å3) | 1368.2 (5) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.11 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.34 × 0.27 × 0.21 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Bruker SMART APEX CCD diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2009) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.845, 0.978 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 11909, 3203, 2855 |
Rint | 0.022 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.666 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.041, 0.110, 1.02 |
No. of reflections | 3203 |
No. of parameters | 250 |
H-atom treatment | All H-atom parameters refined |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.37, −0.22 |
Computer programs: APEX2 (Bruker, 2010), SAINT (Bruker, 2010), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), XP in SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O2—H2···O4i | 0.91 (2) | 1.74 (2) | 2.6479 (14) | 173.5 (18) |
O4—H4A···O1 | 0.88 (2) | 1.90 (2) | 2.7672 (15) | 173 (2) |
O4—H4B···O2ii | 0.83 (3) | 2.17 (3) | 2.8485 (15) | 139 (2) |
O4—H4B···O3ii | 0.83 (3) | 2.38 (3) | 3.1283 (15) | 151 (2) |
C8—H8···F1iii | 0.94 (2) | 2.48 (2) | 3.3931 (17) | 164 (1) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+2, −y, −z+1; (ii) x, y−1, z; (iii) −x+7/2, y+1/2, −z+1/2. |
Acknowledgements
This work was funded in part by the Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium (LCRC) and the National Center for Research Resources RCMI Program Grant No. 1 G12RR026260–01 (FP-S). The Louisiana Board of Regents is thanked for enhancement grant LEQSF–(2002–03)–ENH–TR–67 with which the Tulane X-ray diffractometer was purchased, and Tulane University is acknowledged for its ongoing support with operational costs for the diffraction facility. Support from the National Science Foundation (grant CHE-0845829 to JPD) is gratefully acknowledged.
References
Anto, R. J., Sukumaran, K., Kuttan, G., Rao, M. N. A., Subbaraju, V. & Kuttan, R. (1995). Cancer Lett. 97, 33–37. CrossRef CAS PubMed Web of Science Google Scholar
Arai, H., Higashigaki, Y., Gotoh, M. & Yano, S. (1994). Jpn J. Appl. Phys. 33, 5755–5758. CSD CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
Batovska, D. I. & Parushev, S. P. (2010). Int. J. Curr. Chem. 1, 217–236. CAS Google Scholar
Batovska, D. I. & Todorova, I. T. (2010). Curr. Clin. Pharm. 5, 1–29. CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Bruker (2010). APEX2 and SAINT. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Google Scholar
Butcher, R. J., Jasinski, J. P., Mayekar, A. N., Narayana, B. & Yathirajan, H. S. (2007). Acta Cryst. E63, o4059–o4060. Web of Science CSD CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Calliste, C.-A., Le Bail, J.-C., Trouillas, P., Pouget, C., Habrioux, G., Chulia, A.-J. & Duroux, J.-L. (2001). Anticancer Res. 21, 3949–3956. Web of Science PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Ducki, S. (2009). Anti-Cancer Agent Med. Chem. 9, 336–347. CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Gupta, D., Jain, D. K. & Trivedi, P. (2010). Int. J. Chem. Sci. 8, 649–654. CAS Google Scholar
Hayashi, N., Higuchi, H. & Ninomiya, K. (2009). X/π Interactions in Aromatic Heterocycles: Basic Principles and Recent Advances, Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry: Heterocyclic Supramolecules II 18, edited by K. Matsumoto & N. Hayashi, pp. 1–35. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer. Google Scholar
Hunter, C. A. & Sanders, J. K. M. (1990). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 5525–5534. CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
Kathiravan, M. K., Salake, A. B., Chothe, A. S., Dudhe, P. B., Watode, R. P., Mukta, M. S. & Gadhwe, S. (2012). Bioorgan. Med. Chem. 20, 5678–5698. Web of Science CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Katsori, A.-M. & Hadjipavlou-Litina, D. (2011). Expert Opin. Ther. Patents, 21, 1575–1596. Google Scholar
Kontogiorgis, C., Mantzanidou, M. & Hadjipavlou-Litina, D. (2008). Mini Rev. Med. Chem. 8, 1224–1242. Web of Science CrossRef PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Nowakowska, Z. (2007). Eur. J. Med. Chem. 42, 125–137. Web of Science CrossRef PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Ohkura, K., Kashino, S. & Haisa, M. (1973). Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn, 46, 627–628. CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
Orlikova, B., Tasdemir, D., Golais, F., Dicato, M. & Diederich, M. (2011). Genes Nutr. 6, 125–147. Web of Science CrossRef CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Rabinovich, D. (1970). J. Chem. Soc. B, pp. 11–16. Google Scholar
Sahu, N. K., Balbhadra, S. S., Choudhary, J. & Kohli, D. V. (2012). Curr. Med. Chem. 19, 209–225. Web of Science CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112–122. Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Sheldrick, G. M. (2009). SADABS. University of Göttingen, Germany. Google Scholar
Teh, J. B.-J., Patil, P. S., Fun, H.-K., Razak, I. A. & Dharmaprakash, S. M. (2006). Acta Cryst. E62, o2991–o2992. Web of Science CSD CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Varinska, L., Ivanova, L. & Mojzis, J. (2010). Int. J. Curr. Chem. 1, 63–71. CAS Google Scholar
Wu, M.-H., Yang, X.-H., Zou, W. D., Liu, W.-J. & Li, C. (2006). Z. Kristallogr. New Cryst. Struct. 221, 323–324. CAS Google Scholar
Yadav, V. R., Prasad, S., Sung, B. & Aggarwal, B. B. (2011). Int. Immunopharmacol. 11, 295–309. Web of Science CrossRef CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Yathirajan, H. S., Mayekar, A. N., Narayana, B., Sarojini, B. K. & Bolte, M. (2007). Acta Cryst. E63, o2200–o2201. Web of Science CSD CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Yathirajan, H. S., Sarojini, B. K., Narayana, B., Bindya, S. & Bolte, M. (2006). Acta Cryst. E62, o3631–o3632. Web of Science CSD CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are cited.
The chalcones, or 1,3-diaryl-2-propene-1-ones, constitute a relatively simple but pharmacologically important class of organic compounds with reported biological activity as antifungal agents (Kathiravan et al., 2012), antimicrobial (e.g., bacteria and protozoa) agents (Nowakowska, 2007; Gupta et al., 2010; Sahu et al., 2012), anti-inflammatory agents (Nowakowska, 2007; Sahu et al., 2012; Katsori & Hadjipavlou-Litina, 2011; Batovska & Todorova, 2010; Kontogiorgis et al., 2008) and potential cancer therapeutics (Yadav et al., 2011; Orlikova, et al., 2011; Batovska & Parushev, 2010; Varinska et al., 2010; Ducki, 2009). Variants bearing methoxy and hydroxy ring substituents have in some instances been observed to display enhanced efficacy (Calliste et al., 2001; Anto et al., 1995), possibly because of improved water solubility, improved binding ability to in vivo substrate(s) via hydrogen bond formation, or both. The ease with which a diverse array of chalcone derivatives can be synthesized and their usefulness for the further synthesis of other, biologically important heterocyclic compounds continue to motivate research involving their preparation and the evaluation of their properties. In the course of our own studies of chalcone derivatives, we have prepared (E)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-ene-1-one (I, Scheme 1) in a form suitable for a structural characterization by X-ray diffraction, the results of which are herein reported.
The title compound shows near planarity in the crystalline state, the twist angle between the aromatic rings being 10.05 (6)°. The greatest departure from the mean plane defined by all the nonhydrogen atoms is by C3, which deviates by 0.336 (1) Å from the plane of the molecule in Fig. 1. A cis disposition of the olefinic and carbonyl functional groups about the C1-C8 single bond is observed, which is the conformation found for chalcone itself in the crystalline state (Rabinovich, 1970; Ohkura et al., 1973; Arai et al., 1994; Wu et al., 2006) and for most of its simple derivatives. The trans orientation of olefinic and carbonyl functional groups about the enone single bond is observed less frequently (Teh et al., 2006; Yathirajan, et al., 2006; Yathirajan, et al., 2007; Butcher et al., 2007) in the crystalline state for chalcones, possibly because it is less conducive to stabilizing intermolecular π-π stacking interactions (see below). All other intramolecular structural parameters observed for I are typical of the compound type.
The packing arrangement of I can be described first by the association of two molecules at their 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl ends around an inversion center that occurs on the bc faces of the cell (Fig. 2). This arrangement is mediated by the presence of two water molecules, one canted slightly above the inversion center and the other below, each providing for four hydrogen bonds. One hydrogen atom from the water molecules is disposed halfway between the 3-methoxy and 4-hydroxy oxygen atoms of one molecule such that it serves as hydrogen bond donor to both (Fig. 2). The 4-hydroxy group of the molecule on the opposite side of the inversion center in turn serves as hydrogen bond donor to this same H2O molecule. This pattern of hydrogen bonds is replicated by the inversion center between the two molecules of I, thereby providing a network of six hydrogen bonds at this "head-to-head" interface of two molecules. The second hydrogen atom of H2O is directed away from the network just described and forms a hydrogen bond with the propen-2-one oxygen atom of a neighboring molecule (O1). The effect of this last hydrogen bond is to produce a two dimensional sheet arrangement of molecules that parallels the ab plane. This packing arrangement is reinforced by apparent π-π stacking interactions between the 4-F-phenyl group of one molecule and the 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl group of another (Fig. 2). The distance between the centers of these aromatic rings is 3.641 (1) Å, and at the point of closest approach (C7···C13) the two rings are 3.326 (2) Å apart. These values are within the range of distances (3.4-3.6 Å (Hunter & Sanders, 1990), 3.4-3.8 Å (Hayashi et al., 2009) that has been reported as indicative of π-π stacking. A second sheet network of molecules of I (not shown), is created by applying the glide plane operation to the sheets illustrated.