inorganic compounds
Tetraammine-2κ4C-μ-cyanido-1:2κ2C:N-tricyanido-1κ3C-copper(II)palladium(II)
aDepartment of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia, and bFachbereich Chemie der Philipps Universität, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
*Correspondence e-mail: juraj.kuchar@upjs.sk
The title compound, [Cu(NH3)4-(μ2-NC)—Pd(CN)3], is a binuclear copper(II)palladium(II) complex, in which the CuII coordination is defined by four ammine ligands and one bridging cyanide ligand. The Cu—N bond lengths in the base of the resulting CuN5 pyramid are in the range 2.016 (3)–2.024 (3) Å and the apical Cu—N(≡C) distance is 2.385 (4) Å. Based on the τ parameter, the shape of the is tetragonal–pyramidal (τ = 0). All atoms of the square-planar tetracyanidopalladate(II) moiety and the CuII ion are located on a mirror plane. The electroneutral molecules interact by N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, resulting in the formation of a three-dimensional network.
Related literature
For related crystal structures of CuII complexes see: Escorihuela et al. (2001); Seitz et al. (2001); Kuchár et al. (2004). For additional analysis of structural parameters, see: Addison et al. (1984).
Experimental
Crystal data
|
|
Data collection: X-AREA (Stoe & Cie, 2002); cell X-AREA; data reduction: X-AREA; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: DIAMOND (Crystal Impact, 2009); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97.
Supporting information
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536813011033/ff2104sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536813011033/ff2104Isup2.hkl
To 10 cm3 of 0.1 M CuSO4 solution (1 mmol) under continuous stirring 10 cm3 of 0.1 M butane-1,4-diamine solution (1 mmol) was added, followed by addition of 10 ml of 0.1 M K2[Pd(CN)4] solution (1 mmol). Created insoluble precipitate was dissolved by addition of ammonium hydroxide in excess amount. The formed clear blue solution was left for crystallization at room temperature. Single crystals of 1, in the form of blue needles suitable for X-ray studies, appeared after one day. As the crystals lost transparency and color upon being removed from solution in short time, the crystal used for X-ray was removed from solution without washing and drying and put on diffractometer. Attempt for direct preparation (without butane-1,4-diamine) does not produce any suitable product for X-ray. Elemental analysis was not performed because of the behavior of the product in the absence of ambient ammonia. The IR-spectrum in form of KBr pellets was recorded on a Avatar 330 F T—IR spectrophotometer (Thermo Nicolet) and following absorption bands were observed (4000–400 cm-1, s = strong, m = medium, w = weak, v = very): ν(NH): 3360(vs), 3273(vs), 3182(s); ν(CN): 2179(s), 2156(m), 2148(s), 2133(vs); δ(NH2): 1618(m); δ(NH3): 1280(m), 1263(s); δ(NH2): 696(s); δ(Pd—CN): 402(s).
The structure was solved by direct method. Anisotropic thermal parameters were refined for all non-H atoms. All H atoms positions were calculated using the appropriate riding model with isotropic temperature factors being 1.5 times larger then temperature factors of their parent nitrogen atoms and with N—H = 0.910 Å. Geometrical analysis was performed using SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008).
The compound [Cu(NH3)4-(µ2-CN)—Pd(CN)3] (1) is formed by [Pd(CN)4]2- and [Cu(NH3)4]2+ units held together by a bridging CN group (Fig. 1). In the solid state, the [Pd(CN)4]2- anion is located on a mirror plane, while from cation only copper(II) atom lies on it and the [Cu(NH3)4]2+ group is bisected by this τ = 0). The distance Cu—N4, from copper to the nitrogen atom of the bridging cyanido ligand, has a value of 2.385 (4) Å and is larger than bonds between copper(II) and nitrogen atoms from ammin ligand (2.016 (3) and 2.024 (3) Å). For example this distance can be compared to the Cu—N(apical) distance of 2.394 (7) Å found in [Cu(NH3)4Pt(CN)4] (Escorihuela et al., 2001). This bond is perpendicular to the CuN4 plane, as expected for square-based pyramidal coordination environment. The Pd—C(bridge) distance (1.985 (5) Å) is smaller than Pd—C(terminal) distances, but the difference is within experimental error (1.992 (5)–2.005 (5) Å). The molecules are packed in such a way that the [Pd(CN)4] groups are stacked, with the Pd atoms forming nearly linear chain with a Pd···Pd distance of 3.654 (1) Å and a Pd···Pd···Pd angle of 163.97 (1)°. It is noteworthy that Cu—N≡C angle, which has values of 122.5 (4)°, should be collinear with the triple bond, but based on our previous study of the similar compounds observed angle is not uncommon in such compounds. For example, the Cu—N≡ C angle in [Cu(en)2Ni(CN)4]n is 123.1 (1)°, with a Cu—N distance of 2.492 (3) Å (Seitz et al., 2001) and [Cu(dmen)2Pd(CN)4]n has Cu—N≡C angle of 138.0 (1)°, with corresponding Cu—N distance of 2.537 (1) Å (Kuchár et al., 2004). An explanation for the bended structure of [Cu(NH3)4-(µ2-CN)—Pd(CN)3] is revealed by the extensive network of the intra- and intermolecular interactions in which the complex participates (see Table 1, Fig. 2). Each nitrogen atom of the terminal cyanide groups is involved in at least two crystallographically unique interactions, one with an N—H···N angle greater than 150° and the other corresponding to the bifurcated hydrogen. Moreover, since the CN groups reside on mirror planes and the donor atoms do not, the total number of interactions in which the CN ligand acts as an acceptor is at least 4 for each nonbridging cyanide. It is obvious that this three-dimensional electrostatic net plays an important role in establishing the deformation observed in the Cu—N≡C angle.
plane. All of the atoms except those of the NH3 ligands reside on special positions. The Pd(II) atom is coordinated by four cyanido ligands and the Cu(II) atom is coordinated by four NH3 groups and one CN bridging ligand forming a square pyramid around copper(II) (For related crystal structures of CuII complexes see: Escorihuela et al. (2001); Seitz et al. (2001); Kuchár et al. (2004). For additional structural analysis, see: Addison et al. (1984).
Data collection: X-AREA (Stoe & Cie, 2002); cell
X-AREA (Stoe & Cie, 2002); data reduction: X-AREA (Stoe & Cie, 2002); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: DIAMOND (Crystal Impact, 2009); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008).Fig. 1. Molecular structure of the title molecule 1 with the atom-numbering scheme. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level. Symmetry codes: i: 1 - x, -y, -z | |
Fig. 2. View on the intermolecular hydrogen bonds (dashed lines) of 1. Symmetry codes: i: 1 - x, 0.5 + y, 0.5 - z; ii: 0.5 + x, 0.5 - y, -0.5 - z; iii: 1.5 - x, 1- y, -0.5 + z |
[CuPd(CN)4(NH3)4] | F(000) = 668 |
Mr = 342.17 | Dx = 2.081 Mg m−3 |
Orthorhombic, Pnma | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: -P 2ac 2n | Cell parameters from 1245 reflections |
a = 14.5204 (9) Å | θ = 2.4–26.7° |
b = 7.2358 (5) Å | µ = 3.57 mm−1 |
c = 10.3955 (6) Å | T = 100 K |
V = 1092.22 (12) Å3 | Needle, blue |
Z = 4 | 0.3 × 0.1 × 0.1 mm |
Stoe IPDS-II diffractometer | 1051 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 958 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.032 |
Detector resolution: 150 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 25.0°, θmin = 2.4° |
ω scans | h = −16→17 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (Blessing, 1995) | k = −8→8 |
Tmin = 0.332, Tmax = 0.646 | l = −10→12 |
4036 measured reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.025 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.061 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.00 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0469P)2] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
1051 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
81 parameters | Δρmax = 0.54 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −1.26 e Å−3 |
[CuPd(CN)4(NH3)4] | V = 1092.22 (12) Å3 |
Mr = 342.17 | Z = 4 |
Orthorhombic, Pnma | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 14.5204 (9) Å | µ = 3.57 mm−1 |
b = 7.2358 (5) Å | T = 100 K |
c = 10.3955 (6) Å | 0.3 × 0.1 × 0.1 mm |
Stoe IPDS-II diffractometer | 1051 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (Blessing, 1995) | 958 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.332, Tmax = 0.646 | Rint = 0.032 |
4036 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.025 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.061 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.00 | Δρmax = 0.54 e Å−3 |
1051 reflections | Δρmin = −1.26 e Å−3 |
81 parameters |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
Pd1 | 0.48951 (2) | 0.2500 | 0.01963 (3) | 0.01617 (14) | |
Cu1 | 0.80131 (4) | 0.2500 | −0.13557 (5) | 0.01636 (17) | |
N1 | 0.5331 (3) | 0.2500 | −0.2768 (4) | 0.0219 (8) | |
N2 | 0.4665 (3) | 0.2500 | 0.3197 (4) | 0.0245 (8) | |
N3 | 0.2732 (3) | 0.2500 | −0.0018 (4) | 0.0199 (8) | |
N4 | 0.7043 (3) | 0.2500 | 0.0495 (4) | 0.0204 (8) | |
C1 | 0.5119 (3) | 0.2500 | −0.1707 (5) | 0.0204 (10) | |
C2 | 0.4741 (3) | 0.2500 | 0.2100 (5) | 0.0198 (9) | |
C3 | 0.3529 (3) | 0.2500 | 0.0004 (4) | 0.0189 (9) | |
C4 | 0.6252 (3) | 0.2500 | 0.0423 (4) | 0.0193 (9) | |
N5 | 0.73048 (18) | 0.4477 (4) | −0.2315 (3) | 0.0201 (5) | |
H5A | 0.6749 | 0.4019 | −0.2563 | 0.030* | |
H5B | 0.7630 | 0.4831 | −0.3022 | 0.030* | |
H5C | 0.7217 | 0.5469 | −0.1791 | 0.030* | |
N6 | 0.88190 (18) | 0.4483 (3) | −0.0588 (3) | 0.0201 (5) | |
H6A | 0.8470 | 0.5492 | −0.0400 | 0.030* | |
H6B | 0.9265 | 0.4801 | −0.1162 | 0.030* | |
H6C | 0.9086 | 0.4050 | 0.0145 | 0.030* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
Pd1 | 0.0149 (2) | 0.01665 (19) | 0.0170 (2) | 0.000 | −0.00032 (13) | 0.000 |
Cu1 | 0.0168 (3) | 0.0143 (2) | 0.0180 (3) | 0.000 | −0.0003 (2) | 0.000 |
N1 | 0.022 (2) | 0.0249 (18) | 0.019 (2) | 0.000 | −0.0015 (18) | 0.000 |
N2 | 0.026 (2) | 0.0241 (18) | 0.023 (2) | 0.000 | 0.0010 (19) | 0.000 |
N3 | 0.020 (2) | 0.0185 (17) | 0.021 (2) | 0.000 | −0.0030 (17) | 0.000 |
N4 | 0.018 (2) | 0.0222 (17) | 0.021 (2) | 0.000 | 0.0015 (16) | 0.000 |
C1 | 0.014 (2) | 0.017 (2) | 0.029 (3) | 0.000 | −0.005 (2) | 0.000 |
C2 | 0.015 (2) | 0.0184 (19) | 0.026 (3) | 0.000 | 0.000 (2) | 0.000 |
C3 | 0.024 (3) | 0.0148 (18) | 0.018 (2) | 0.000 | −0.002 (2) | 0.000 |
C4 | 0.028 (3) | 0.0125 (18) | 0.017 (2) | 0.000 | −0.001 (2) | 0.000 |
N5 | 0.0212 (13) | 0.0188 (11) | 0.0201 (13) | −0.0018 (11) | 0.0011 (11) | −0.0012 (10) |
N6 | 0.0178 (13) | 0.0198 (11) | 0.0227 (13) | 0.0003 (10) | 0.0023 (11) | 0.0009 (11) |
Pd1—C4 | 1.985 (5) | N2—C2 | 1.145 (6) |
Pd1—C2 | 1.992 (5) | N3—C3 | 1.157 (6) |
Pd1—C3 | 1.994 (5) | N4—C4 | 1.150 (6) |
Pd1—C1 | 2.005 (5) | N5—H5A | 0.9100 |
Cu1—N6 | 2.016 (3) | N5—H5B | 0.9100 |
Cu1—N6i | 2.016 (3) | N5—H5C | 0.9100 |
Cu1—N5i | 2.024 (3) | N6—H6A | 0.9100 |
Cu1—N5 | 2.024 (3) | N6—H6B | 0.9100 |
Cu1—N4 | 2.385 (4) | N6—H6C | 0.9100 |
N1—C1 | 1.146 (7) | ||
C4—Pd1—C2 | 89.63 (18) | N1—C1—Pd1 | 173.7 (4) |
C4—Pd1—C3 | 178.93 (18) | N2—C2—Pd1 | 179.1 (4) |
C2—Pd1—C3 | 89.31 (17) | N3—C3—Pd1 | 175.4 (4) |
C4—Pd1—C1 | 87.49 (17) | N4—C4—Pd1 | 176.9 (4) |
C2—Pd1—C1 | 177.11 (17) | Cu1—N5—H5A | 109.5 |
C3—Pd1—C1 | 93.58 (17) | Cu1—N5—H5B | 109.5 |
N6—Cu1—N6i | 90.73 (15) | H5A—N5—H5B | 109.5 |
N6—Cu1—N5i | 173.08 (11) | Cu1—N5—H5C | 109.5 |
N6i—Cu1—N5i | 89.26 (11) | H5A—N5—H5C | 109.5 |
N6—Cu1—N5 | 89.26 (11) | H5B—N5—H5C | 109.5 |
N6i—Cu1—N5 | 173.08 (11) | Cu1—N6—H6A | 109.5 |
N5i—Cu1—N5 | 89.91 (15) | Cu1—N6—H6B | 109.5 |
N6—Cu1—N4 | 91.35 (10) | H6A—N6—H6B | 109.5 |
N6i—Cu1—N4 | 91.35 (10) | Cu1—N6—H6C | 109.5 |
N5i—Cu1—N4 | 95.57 (10) | H6A—N6—H6C | 109.5 |
N5—Cu1—N4 | 95.57 (10) | H6B—N6—H6C | 109.5 |
C4—N4—Cu1 | 122.5 (4) | ||
N6—Cu1—N4—C4 | 134.62 (7) | N5i—Cu1—N4—C4 | −45.23 (8) |
N6i—Cu1—N4—C4 | −134.62 (7) | N5—Cu1—N4—C4 | 45.23 (8) |
Symmetry code: (i) x, −y+1/2, z. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N5—H5A···N1 | 0.91 | 2.34 | 3.237 (4) | 167 |
N5—H5C···N3ii | 0.91 | 2.39 | 3.267 (4) | 162 |
N5—H5B···N3iii | 0.91 | 2.65 | 3.180 (4) | 118 |
N5—H5B···N4iv | 0.91 | 2.52 | 3.297 (4) | 144 |
N6—H6B···N1iii | 0.91 | 2.53 | 3.131 (4) | 124 |
N6—H6B···N2iv | 0.91 | 2.58 | 3.348 (4) | 142 |
N6—H6A···N3ii | 0.91 | 2.31 | 3.199 (4) | 165 |
Symmetry codes: (ii) −x+1, −y+1, −z; (iii) x+1/2, y, −z−1/2; (iv) −x+3/2, −y+1, z−1/2. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | [CuPd(CN)4(NH3)4] |
Mr | 342.17 |
Crystal system, space group | Orthorhombic, Pnma |
Temperature (K) | 100 |
a, b, c (Å) | 14.5204 (9), 7.2358 (5), 10.3955 (6) |
V (Å3) | 1092.22 (12) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 3.57 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.3 × 0.1 × 0.1 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Stoe IPDS-II |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (Blessing, 1995) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.332, 0.646 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 4036, 1051, 958 |
Rint | 0.032 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.594 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.025, 0.061, 1.00 |
No. of reflections | 1051 |
No. of parameters | 81 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.54, −1.26 |
Computer programs: X-AREA (Stoe & Cie, 2002), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), DIAMOND (Crystal Impact, 2009).
Pd1—C4 | 1.985 (5) | Cu1—N6 | 2.016 (3) |
Pd1—C2 | 1.992 (5) | Cu1—N5 | 2.024 (3) |
Pd1—C3 | 1.994 (5) | Cu1—N4 | 2.385 (4) |
Pd1—C1 | 2.005 (5) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N5—H5A···N1 | 0.91 | 2.34 | 3.237 (4) | 167.4 |
N5—H5C···N3i | 0.91 | 2.39 | 3.267 (4) | 162.3 |
N5—H5B···N3ii | 0.91 | 2.65 | 3.180 (4) | 118.1 |
N5—H5B···N4iii | 0.91 | 2.52 | 3.297 (4) | 144.0 |
N6—H6B···N1ii | 0.91 | 2.53 | 3.131 (4) | 123.8 |
N6—H6B···N2iii | 0.91 | 2.58 | 3.348 (4) | 142.0 |
N6—H6A···N3i | 0.91 | 2.31 | 3.199 (4) | 164.7 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, −y+1, −z; (ii) x+1/2, y, −z−1/2; (iii) −x+3/2, −y+1, z−1/2. |
Acknowledgements
Financial support by the Slovak Ministry of Education (VEGA project No. 1/0075/13) and APVV-0132–11 is gratefully acknowledged.
References
Addison, A. W., Rao, T. N., Reedijk, J., van Rijn, J. & Verschoor, G. C. (1984). J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. pp. 349–1356. Google Scholar
Blessing, R. H. (1995). Acta Cryst. A51, 33–38. CrossRef CAS Web of Science IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Crystal Impact (2009). DIAMOND. Crystal Impact GbR, Bonn, Germany. Google Scholar
Escorihuela, I., Falvello, L. R. & Tomás, M. (2001). Inorg. Chem. 40, 636–640. Web of Science CrossRef PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Kuchár, J., Černák, J. & Abboud, K. A. (2004). Acta Cryst. C60, m492–m494. Web of Science CSD CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Seitz, K., Peschel, S. & Babel, D. (2001). Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 627, 929–934. CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112–122. Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Stoe & Cie (2002). X-AREA. Stoe & Cie, Darmstadt, Germany. Google Scholar
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are cited.
The compound [Cu(NH3)4-(µ2-CN)—Pd(CN)3] (1) is formed by [Pd(CN)4]2- and [Cu(NH3)4]2+ units held together by a bridging CN group (Fig. 1). In the solid state, the [Pd(CN)4]2- anion is located on a mirror plane, while from cation only copper(II) atom lies on it and the [Cu(NH3)4]2+ group is bisected by this crystallographic symmetry plane. All of the atoms except those of the NH3 ligands reside on special positions. The Pd(II) atom is coordinated by four cyanido ligands and the Cu(II) atom is coordinated by four NH3 groups and one CN bridging ligand forming a square pyramid around copper(II) (τ = 0). The distance Cu—N4, from copper to the nitrogen atom of the bridging cyanido ligand, has a value of 2.385 (4) Å and is larger than bonds between copper(II) and nitrogen atoms from ammin ligand (2.016 (3) and 2.024 (3) Å). For example this distance can be compared to the Cu—N(apical) distance of 2.394 (7) Å found in [Cu(NH3)4Pt(CN)4] (Escorihuela et al., 2001). This bond is perpendicular to the CuN4 plane, as expected for square-based pyramidal coordination environment. The Pd—C(bridge) distance (1.985 (5) Å) is smaller than Pd—C(terminal) distances, but the difference is within experimental error (1.992 (5)–2.005 (5) Å). The molecules are packed in such a way that the [Pd(CN)4] groups are stacked, with the Pd atoms forming nearly linear chain with a Pd···Pd distance of 3.654 (1) Å and a Pd···Pd···Pd angle of 163.97 (1)°. It is noteworthy that Cu—N≡C angle, which has values of 122.5 (4)°, should be collinear with the triple bond, but based on our previous study of the similar compounds observed angle is not uncommon in such compounds. For example, the Cu—N≡ C angle in [Cu(en)2Ni(CN)4]n is 123.1 (1)°, with a Cu—N distance of 2.492 (3) Å (Seitz et al., 2001) and [Cu(dmen)2Pd(CN)4]n has Cu—N≡C angle of 138.0 (1)°, with corresponding Cu—N distance of 2.537 (1) Å (Kuchár et al., 2004). An explanation for the bended structure of [Cu(NH3)4-(µ2-CN)—Pd(CN)3] is revealed by the extensive network of the intra- and intermolecular interactions in which the complex participates (see Table 1, Fig. 2). Each nitrogen atom of the terminal cyanide groups is involved in at least two crystallographically unique interactions, one with an N—H···N angle greater than 150° and the other corresponding to the bifurcated hydrogen. Moreover, since the CN groups reside on mirror planes and the donor atoms do not, the total number of interactions in which the CN ligand acts as an acceptor is at least 4 for each nonbridging cyanide. It is obvious that this three-dimensional electrostatic net plays an important role in establishing the deformation observed in the Cu—N≡C angle.