organic compounds
6-Amino-2-methyl-8-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-5,7-dicarbonitrile
aDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
*Correspondence e-mail: cusack@scu.edu.cn
In the title compound, C18H16N4, the dihedral angle between the benzene and phenyl rings is 61.40 (4)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H⋯N(nitrile) hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers. The dimers are further linked by N—H⋯N(amine) hydrogen bonds, and both units are arranged almost perpendicular to each other [angle between dimer mean planes = 84.43 (12)°]. This arrangement is extended to form a ladder-like structure parallel to the c axis.
Related literature
For background to natural products containing an isoquinoline backbone, see: Marchand et al. (2006); Cho et al. (2007); Van Quaquebeke et al. (2007). For related structures, see: Rong et al. (2010); Balamurugan et al. (2011).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Data collection: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); cell CrysAlis PRO; data reduction: CrysAlis PRO; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009) and Mercury (Macrae et al., 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: OLEX2.
Supporting information
10.1107/S1600536813013342/bh2477sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536813013342/bh2477Isup2.hkl
Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536813013342/bh2477Isup3.cml
Benzaldehyde (1 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 1-methyl-4-piperidone (1 mmol) and tetrahydro pyrrole (1.2 mmol) in dichloromethane. The resulting mixture was refluxed for 4 h to obtain a α,β-unsaturated ketone as an intermediate. Subsequently, this α,β-unsaturated ketone (1 mmol) was reacted with malononitrile (2 mmol) under strong basic conditions (Rong et al., 2009), monitoring the reaction progress by TLC. After the completion of the reaction, the solvent was evaporated under reduce pressure and the crude product was purified by silica gel Crystals suitable for X-ray analysis were obtained by slow evaporation of a solution in methanol and dichloromethane (4:1).
Carbon-bound H-atoms were placed in calculated positions [C—H = 0.95–0.99 Å, Uiso(H) = 1.2–1.5Ueq(parent atom)] and were allowed to ride on their parent atoms. The amino-H atoms H4A and H4B were located in a difference map, and subsequently refined freely, with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(N4).
Data collection: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); cell
CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); data reduction: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009) and Mercury (Macrae et al., 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009).C18H16N4 | F(000) = 608 |
Mr = 288.35 | Dx = 1.266 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.7107 Å |
a = 17.5630 (5) Å | Cell parameters from 2345 reflections |
b = 6.25208 (19) Å | θ = 3.0–29.0° |
c = 13.7963 (4) Å | µ = 0.08 mm−1 |
β = 93.209 (3)° | T = 143 K |
V = 1512.53 (8) Å3 | Block, colourless |
Z = 4 | 0.38 × 0.35 × 0.25 mm |
Agilent Xcalibur Eos diffractometer | 3089 independent reflections |
Radiation source: Enhance (Mo) X-ray Source | 2414 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.034 |
Detector resolution: 16.0874 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 26.4°, θmin = 3.0° |
ω scans | h = −21→21 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Oxford Diffraction, 2009) | k = −7→7 |
Tmin = 0.960, Tmax = 1.000 | l = −16→17 |
6799 measured reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.045 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.112 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 1.05 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0403P)2 + 0.3434P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
3089 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
206 parameters | Δρmax = 0.19 e Å−3 |
4 restraints | Δρmin = −0.22 e Å−3 |
0 constraints |
C18H16N4 | V = 1512.53 (8) Å3 |
Mr = 288.35 | Z = 4 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 17.5630 (5) Å | µ = 0.08 mm−1 |
b = 6.25208 (19) Å | T = 143 K |
c = 13.7963 (4) Å | 0.38 × 0.35 × 0.25 mm |
β = 93.209 (3)° |
Agilent Xcalibur Eos diffractometer | 3089 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Oxford Diffraction, 2009) | 2414 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.960, Tmax = 1.000 | Rint = 0.034 |
6799 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.045 | 4 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.112 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 1.05 | Δρmax = 0.19 e Å−3 |
3089 reflections | Δρmin = −0.22 e Å−3 |
206 parameters |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
N1 | 0.29081 (7) | −0.2394 (2) | 0.20203 (9) | 0.0244 (3) | |
N2 | 0.50947 (9) | 0.2855 (3) | 0.43619 (13) | 0.0498 (5) | |
N3 | 0.14961 (8) | 0.4536 (2) | 0.57681 (10) | 0.0308 (3) | |
N4 | 0.34160 (8) | 0.4642 (2) | 0.53715 (11) | 0.0323 (4) | |
H4A | 0.3908 (8) | 0.501 (3) | 0.5410 (12) | 0.039* | |
H4B | 0.3136 (9) | 0.524 (3) | 0.5798 (11) | 0.039* | |
C1 | 0.36603 (8) | 0.1934 (2) | 0.41825 (11) | 0.0234 (3) | |
C2 | 0.31623 (9) | 0.3112 (2) | 0.47415 (11) | 0.0223 (3) | |
C3 | 0.23791 (8) | 0.2589 (2) | 0.46164 (10) | 0.0201 (3) | |
C4 | 0.21118 (8) | 0.0990 (2) | 0.39679 (10) | 0.0199 (3) | |
C5 | 0.26291 (8) | −0.0177 (2) | 0.34345 (10) | 0.0207 (3) | |
C6 | 0.34051 (8) | 0.0294 (2) | 0.35473 (10) | 0.0221 (3) | |
C7 | 0.39820 (9) | −0.0919 (3) | 0.29916 (12) | 0.0288 (4) | |
H7A | 0.4417 | −0.1330 | 0.3440 | 0.035* | |
H7B | 0.4179 | 0.0024 | 0.2486 | 0.035* | |
C8 | 0.36428 (9) | −0.2911 (3) | 0.25165 (12) | 0.0274 (4) | |
H8A | 0.3994 | −0.3483 | 0.2043 | 0.033* | |
H8B | 0.3572 | −0.4021 | 0.3015 | 0.033* | |
C9 | 0.23529 (9) | −0.1913 (2) | 0.27405 (11) | 0.0238 (4) | |
H9A | 0.2251 | −0.3227 | 0.3113 | 0.029* | |
H9B | 0.1868 | −0.1457 | 0.2403 | 0.029* | |
C10 | 0.12744 (8) | 0.0567 (2) | 0.38652 (10) | 0.0205 (3) | |
C11 | 0.07739 (9) | 0.2175 (3) | 0.35361 (11) | 0.0251 (4) | |
H11 | 0.0967 | 0.3541 | 0.3374 | 0.030* | |
C12 | −0.00049 (9) | 0.1790 (3) | 0.34448 (11) | 0.0300 (4) | |
H12 | −0.0343 | 0.2889 | 0.3217 | 0.036* | |
C13 | −0.02895 (9) | −0.0187 (3) | 0.36837 (11) | 0.0306 (4) | |
H13 | −0.0823 | −0.0446 | 0.3623 | 0.037* | |
C14 | 0.02015 (9) | −0.1791 (3) | 0.40108 (11) | 0.0292 (4) | |
H14 | 0.0005 | −0.3152 | 0.4174 | 0.035* | |
C15 | 0.09809 (9) | −0.1418 (2) | 0.41021 (11) | 0.0243 (4) | |
H15 | 0.1316 | −0.2526 | 0.4328 | 0.029* | |
C16 | 0.44596 (9) | 0.2426 (3) | 0.42808 (12) | 0.0311 (4) | |
C17 | 0.18663 (8) | 0.3655 (2) | 0.52358 (11) | 0.0221 (3) | |
C18 | 0.26348 (10) | −0.4182 (3) | 0.14143 (12) | 0.0344 (4) | |
H18A | 0.2595 | −0.5464 | 0.1817 | 0.052* | |
H18B | 0.2993 | −0.4447 | 0.0909 | 0.052* | |
H18C | 0.2132 | −0.3833 | 0.1111 | 0.052* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
N1 | 0.0234 (7) | 0.0257 (7) | 0.0243 (7) | −0.0017 (6) | 0.0042 (5) | −0.0057 (5) |
N2 | 0.0229 (8) | 0.0629 (11) | 0.0644 (11) | −0.0121 (8) | 0.0114 (7) | −0.0318 (9) |
N3 | 0.0234 (7) | 0.0328 (8) | 0.0363 (8) | −0.0017 (6) | 0.0042 (6) | −0.0068 (6) |
N4 | 0.0208 (7) | 0.0385 (8) | 0.0383 (8) | −0.0093 (7) | 0.0084 (6) | −0.0166 (7) |
C1 | 0.0173 (8) | 0.0276 (8) | 0.0255 (8) | −0.0043 (6) | 0.0033 (6) | −0.0005 (7) |
C2 | 0.0215 (8) | 0.0235 (8) | 0.0222 (8) | −0.0039 (6) | 0.0021 (6) | 0.0006 (6) |
C3 | 0.0191 (8) | 0.0206 (8) | 0.0207 (7) | −0.0003 (6) | 0.0029 (6) | 0.0023 (6) |
C4 | 0.0185 (7) | 0.0207 (8) | 0.0204 (7) | −0.0016 (6) | 0.0008 (6) | 0.0056 (6) |
C5 | 0.0198 (8) | 0.0219 (8) | 0.0205 (7) | −0.0014 (6) | 0.0018 (6) | 0.0025 (6) |
C6 | 0.0202 (8) | 0.0246 (8) | 0.0217 (7) | −0.0009 (6) | 0.0033 (6) | 0.0008 (6) |
C7 | 0.0206 (8) | 0.0365 (9) | 0.0298 (9) | −0.0008 (7) | 0.0044 (6) | −0.0061 (7) |
C8 | 0.0242 (9) | 0.0277 (9) | 0.0306 (9) | 0.0022 (7) | 0.0046 (7) | −0.0037 (7) |
C9 | 0.0214 (8) | 0.0255 (8) | 0.0248 (8) | −0.0027 (6) | 0.0034 (6) | −0.0015 (6) |
C10 | 0.0186 (8) | 0.0250 (8) | 0.0180 (7) | −0.0007 (6) | 0.0021 (6) | −0.0029 (6) |
C11 | 0.0228 (8) | 0.0285 (9) | 0.0239 (8) | −0.0003 (7) | 0.0009 (6) | 0.0007 (7) |
C12 | 0.0203 (8) | 0.0426 (10) | 0.0271 (9) | 0.0060 (7) | −0.0002 (6) | −0.0023 (7) |
C13 | 0.0160 (8) | 0.0494 (11) | 0.0265 (8) | −0.0053 (7) | 0.0036 (6) | −0.0102 (8) |
C14 | 0.0267 (9) | 0.0336 (9) | 0.0281 (9) | −0.0095 (7) | 0.0080 (7) | −0.0065 (7) |
C15 | 0.0228 (8) | 0.0256 (8) | 0.0246 (8) | −0.0022 (7) | 0.0039 (6) | −0.0009 (7) |
C16 | 0.0234 (9) | 0.0353 (9) | 0.0353 (9) | −0.0050 (7) | 0.0071 (7) | −0.0142 (8) |
C17 | 0.0189 (8) | 0.0210 (8) | 0.0260 (8) | −0.0042 (6) | −0.0011 (6) | 0.0005 (7) |
C18 | 0.0331 (10) | 0.0334 (10) | 0.0369 (10) | −0.0041 (8) | 0.0037 (7) | −0.0119 (8) |
N1—C8 | 1.463 (2) | C7—H7B | 0.9900 |
N1—C9 | 1.4618 (19) | C7—C8 | 1.514 (2) |
N1—C18 | 1.4607 (19) | C8—H8A | 0.9900 |
N2—C16 | 1.147 (2) | C8—H8B | 0.9900 |
N3—C17 | 1.1483 (19) | C9—H9A | 0.9900 |
N4—H4A | 0.893 (12) | C9—H9B | 0.9900 |
N4—H4B | 0.874 (12) | C10—C11 | 1.394 (2) |
N4—C2 | 1.3510 (19) | C10—C15 | 1.390 (2) |
C1—C2 | 1.406 (2) | C11—H11 | 0.9500 |
C1—C6 | 1.406 (2) | C11—C12 | 1.388 (2) |
C1—C16 | 1.436 (2) | C12—H12 | 0.9500 |
C2—C3 | 1.415 (2) | C12—C13 | 1.380 (2) |
C3—C4 | 1.405 (2) | C13—H13 | 0.9500 |
C3—C17 | 1.439 (2) | C13—C14 | 1.381 (2) |
C4—C5 | 1.405 (2) | C14—H14 | 0.9500 |
C4—C10 | 1.4931 (19) | C14—C15 | 1.387 (2) |
C5—C6 | 1.394 (2) | C15—H15 | 0.9500 |
C5—C9 | 1.510 (2) | C18—H18A | 0.9800 |
C6—C7 | 1.509 (2) | C18—H18B | 0.9800 |
C7—H7A | 0.9900 | C18—H18C | 0.9800 |
C9—N1—C8 | 109.38 (12) | C7—C8—H8B | 109.7 |
C18—N1—C8 | 110.60 (12) | H8A—C8—H8B | 108.2 |
C18—N1—C9 | 109.63 (12) | N1—C9—C5 | 112.08 (12) |
H4A—N4—H4B | 115.4 (16) | N1—C9—H9A | 109.2 |
C2—N4—H4A | 120.3 (11) | N1—C9—H9B | 109.2 |
C2—N4—H4B | 124.1 (11) | C5—C9—H9A | 109.2 |
C2—C1—C16 | 118.09 (14) | C5—C9—H9B | 109.2 |
C6—C1—C2 | 122.51 (14) | H9A—C9—H9B | 107.9 |
C6—C1—C16 | 119.40 (14) | C11—C10—C4 | 120.20 (13) |
N4—C2—C1 | 122.05 (14) | C15—C10—C4 | 120.79 (13) |
N4—C2—C3 | 121.70 (14) | C15—C10—C11 | 119.01 (14) |
C1—C2—C3 | 116.25 (13) | C10—C11—H11 | 119.9 |
C2—C3—C17 | 117.18 (13) | C12—C11—C10 | 120.30 (15) |
C4—C3—C2 | 122.01 (13) | C12—C11—H11 | 119.9 |
C4—C3—C17 | 120.65 (13) | C11—C12—H12 | 119.9 |
C3—C4—C5 | 120.01 (13) | C13—C12—C11 | 120.15 (15) |
C3—C4—C10 | 118.59 (13) | C13—C12—H12 | 119.9 |
C5—C4—C10 | 121.39 (13) | C12—C13—H13 | 120.0 |
C4—C5—C9 | 120.75 (13) | C12—C13—C14 | 120.00 (15) |
C6—C5—C4 | 119.25 (13) | C14—C13—H13 | 120.0 |
C6—C5—C9 | 120.00 (13) | C13—C14—H14 | 119.9 |
C1—C6—C7 | 118.93 (13) | C13—C14—C15 | 120.17 (15) |
C5—C6—C1 | 119.93 (13) | C15—C14—H14 | 119.9 |
C5—C6—C7 | 121.13 (13) | C10—C15—H15 | 119.8 |
C6—C7—H7A | 109.2 | C14—C15—C10 | 120.37 (15) |
C6—C7—H7B | 109.2 | C14—C15—H15 | 119.8 |
C6—C7—C8 | 111.98 (13) | N2—C16—C1 | 178.82 (19) |
H7A—C7—H7B | 107.9 | N3—C17—C3 | 175.71 (15) |
C8—C7—H7A | 109.2 | N1—C18—H18A | 109.5 |
C8—C7—H7B | 109.2 | N1—C18—H18B | 109.5 |
N1—C8—C7 | 109.66 (13) | N1—C18—H18C | 109.5 |
N1—C8—H8A | 109.7 | H18A—C18—H18B | 109.5 |
N1—C8—H8B | 109.7 | H18A—C18—H18C | 109.5 |
C7—C8—H8A | 109.7 | H18B—C18—H18C | 109.5 |
N4—C2—C3—C4 | −179.53 (14) | C6—C1—C2—C3 | −1.3 (2) |
N4—C2—C3—C17 | −4.0 (2) | C6—C1—C16—N2 | 147 (9) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | −0.3 (2) | C6—C5—C9—N1 | −20.08 (19) |
C1—C2—C3—C17 | 175.24 (13) | C6—C7—C8—N1 | 46.68 (18) |
C1—C6—C7—C8 | 167.68 (14) | C8—N1—C9—C5 | 54.58 (16) |
C2—C1—C6—C5 | 1.8 (2) | C9—N1—C8—C7 | −69.32 (16) |
C2—C1—C6—C7 | −178.69 (14) | C9—C5—C6—C1 | 179.00 (13) |
C2—C1—C16—N2 | −34 (9) | C9—C5—C6—C7 | −0.5 (2) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | 1.3 (2) | C10—C4—C5—C6 | 179.26 (13) |
C2—C3—C4—C10 | −178.81 (13) | C10—C4—C5—C9 | −0.3 (2) |
C2—C3—C17—N3 | −19 (2) | C10—C11—C12—C13 | 0.3 (2) |
C3—C4—C5—C6 | −0.9 (2) | C11—C10—C15—C14 | 0.1 (2) |
C3—C4—C5—C9 | 179.50 (13) | C11—C12—C13—C14 | −0.3 (2) |
C3—C4—C10—C11 | 61.30 (18) | C12—C13—C14—C15 | 0.1 (2) |
C3—C4—C10—C15 | −118.16 (16) | C13—C14—C15—C10 | 0.0 (2) |
C4—C3—C17—N3 | 157 (2) | C15—C10—C11—C12 | −0.2 (2) |
C4—C5—C6—C1 | −0.6 (2) | C16—C1—C2—N4 | −1.3 (2) |
C4—C5—C6—C7 | 179.86 (13) | C16—C1—C2—C3 | 179.48 (14) |
C4—C5—C9—N1 | 159.53 (13) | C16—C1—C6—C5 | −179.03 (14) |
C4—C10—C11—C12 | −179.67 (14) | C16—C1—C6—C7 | 0.5 (2) |
C4—C10—C15—C14 | 179.53 (13) | C17—C3—C4—C5 | −173.99 (13) |
C5—C4—C10—C11 | −118.85 (16) | C17—C3—C4—C10 | 5.9 (2) |
C5—C4—C10—C15 | 61.68 (19) | C18—N1—C8—C7 | 169.84 (13) |
C5—C6—C7—C8 | −12.8 (2) | C18—N1—C9—C5 | 176.02 (13) |
C6—C1—C2—N4 | 177.97 (15) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N4—H4A···N2i | 0.89 (1) | 2.21 (1) | 3.052 (2) | 157 (2) |
N4—H4B···N1ii | 0.87 (1) | 2.21 (1) | 3.0261 (19) | 155 (2) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1; (ii) x, −y+1/2, z+1/2. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C18H16N4 |
Mr | 288.35 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, P21/c |
Temperature (K) | 143 |
a, b, c (Å) | 17.5630 (5), 6.25208 (19), 13.7963 (4) |
β (°) | 93.209 (3) |
V (Å3) | 1512.53 (8) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.08 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.38 × 0.35 × 0.25 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Agilent Xcalibur Eos diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Oxford Diffraction, 2009) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.960, 1.000 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 6799, 3089, 2414 |
Rint | 0.034 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.625 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.045, 0.112, 1.05 |
No. of reflections | 3089 |
No. of parameters | 206 |
No. of restraints | 4 |
H-atom treatment | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.19, −0.22 |
Computer programs: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009) and Mercury (Macrae et al., 2008), OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009).
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N4—H4A···N2i | 0.893 (12) | 2.210 (13) | 3.052 (2) | 157.1 (15) |
N4—H4B···N1ii | 0.874 (12) | 2.210 (13) | 3.0261 (19) | 155.3 (15) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1; (ii) x, −y+1/2, z+1/2. |
Acknowledgements
We thank the Analytical and Testing Center of Sichuan University for the X-ray measurements.
References
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Various natural products containing an isoquinoline backbone have received considerable attention over the past years, because of their different kinds of bioactivities (Marchand et al., 2006; Cho et al., 2007; Van Quaquebeke et al., 2007). The development of efficient synthetic methods for isoquinoline and related derivatives is continuously attracting the attention of many chemists (Rong et al., 2010; Balamurugan et al., 2011). As a part of our current studies on the development of new routes in organic synthesis and the screen of anticancer drugs, in this article, we report the crystal structure of the title compound (Fig. 1).
The dihedral angle between the benzene and the phenyl rings is 61.40 (4)°. In the crystal (Fig. 2), two kinds of hydrogen bonds are formed, i.e., N—H···N(nitrile group) and N—H···N(amine) hydrogen bonds, connecting molecules in different directions. The N—H···N(nitrile group) hydrogen bonds are involved in the formation of centrosymmetric dimers, and this basic unit is linked by N—H···N(amine) hydrogen bonds to four other symmetry-related units, which are parallel to each other. Non-parallel units are arranged almost perpendicular to each other [angle between unit mean planes: 84.43 (12)°] forming a ladder structure, that can extend into infinite sheets through the vertical direction of the step cross section. On the step cross section, the distance between the centers of two units is 6.252 (13) Å.