organic compounds
1,1′,4,5-Tetrahydrotrispiro[1,3,2-diazaphosphole-2,2′-[1,3,5,2,4,6]triazatriphosphinine-4′,6′′-dibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepine-6′,6′′′-dibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepine] acetone monosolvate
aUnited States Department of Agriculture Cotton Chemistry and Utilization, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA, and bDepartment of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
*Correspondence e-mail: michael.easson@ars.usda.gov
The title compound, C26H22N5O4P3·C3H6O, has been achieved in a two-step synthesis that does not require This molecule contains a seven-membered spirocyclic ring at two P-atom positions and a five-membered ring containing new P—N bonds at the other P-atom position. Endocyclic torsion angles about the central biphenyl C—C bonds are −41.5 (3) and −44.4 (3)°, and P—N bonds of the central P3N3 ring are within the range 1.5665 (17)–1.6171 (17) Å, while the P—O distances are in the range 1.5940 (14)–1.6041 (14) Å. One N—H group makes an intermolecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bond, forming centrosymmetric dimers, while the other N—H group makes an N—H⋯O hydrogen bond to the acetone solvent molecule. The crystal was a two-component non-merohedral twin with ratio 0.811/0.189.
Related literature
For phosphazene-based flame retardants, see: Bakos et al. (1982); Drews & Barker (1985). For related structures, bond angles and lengths, see: Allcock (1972); Ciftci et al. (2013). For the geometry of phosphazene rings, see: Olthof (1969); Barclay et al. (2002). For the synthesis, see: Allen (1991); Carriedo et al. (1996). For related structures, see: Chandrasekhar et al. (2007; 2011; 2012); Harmjanz et al. (2004). For graph-set analysis, see: Etter (1990). For ring asymmetry parameters, see: Duax et al. (1976).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2011); cell SAINT (Bruker, 2011); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 2012); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97.
Supporting information
10.1107/S1600536813023830/jj2173sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, New_Global_Publ_Block. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536813023830/jj2173Isup2.hkl
All reagent grade chemicals were purchased from Sigma Aldrich and were used without further purification. ESI Mass Spectra were recorded on an Agilent Technologies 6520 Accurate Mass Q-TOF LC/MS. NMR spectra were recorded using a Varian 400MHZ spectrometer. 1H and 13C are given in δ relative to TMS and 31P is given δ relative to external 85% aqueous H3PO4.
2,2-Dichloro-4,4,6,6-bis[spiro(2,2'-dioxy-1'1"-biphenyl)] Cyclotriphosphazene (1) was synthesized as previously reported in the literature (Allen, 1991; Carriedo et al. 1996).
A 3-neck round bottom flask was equipped with an argon inlet, an addition funnel, and a stopper. (1) was allowed to stir in CH2C12 until completely dissolved. A solution of ethylenediamine in CH2C12 was added drop-wise to the round bottom flask at 0°C and allowed to warm to room temperature. The reaction was allowed to stir for 24 h. Thin Layer
(TLC) was used to follow the reaction using Hexanes/ CH2C12 (50:50) and DCM/MeOH (90:10). Purification was achieved by gently extracting the organic layer with warm distilled water. The organic layer was dried by anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated. The product (2) obtained was a white solid with a yield of 84%. The compound was tested by ESI-MS and 1H, 13C, 31P –NMR using Acetone-d6. Crystals of (2) were grown in an NMR tube from acetone.H atoms on C were placed in idealized positions with C—H distances 0.95 - 0.99 Å and thereafter treated as riding, with a torsional parameter refined for each methyl group. Coordinates of the NH hydrogen atoms were refined isotropically. Uiso for H were assigned as 1.2 times Ueq of the attached atoms (1.5 for methyl).
Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2011); cell
SAINT (Bruker, 2011); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2011); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 2012); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008).C26H22N5O4P3·C3H6O | F(000) = 1288 |
Mr = 619.47 | Dx = 1.448 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Cu Kα radiation, λ = 1.54184 Å |
Hall symbol: -P 2ybc | Cell parameters from 3314 reflections |
a = 9.4901 (9) Å | θ = 3.9–67.8° |
b = 22.9466 (19) Å | µ = 2.34 mm−1 |
c = 13.1776 (13) Å | T = 100 K |
β = 97.978 (6)° | Plate, colorless |
V = 2841.9 (5) Å3 | 0.19 × 0.12 × 0.03 mm |
Z = 4 |
Bruker Kappa APEXII DUO CCD diffractometer | 5065 independent reflections |
Radiation source: IµS microfocus | 4276 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
QUAZAR multilayer optics monochromator | Rint = 0.051 |
ϕ and ω scans | θmax = 68.7°, θmin = 3.9° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (TWINABS; Sheldrick, 2004) | h = −11→11 |
Tmin = 0.664, Tmax = 0.933 | k = 0→27 |
33208 measured reflections | l = 0→15 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.037 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.102 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 1.08 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0595P)2 + 0.7869P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
5065 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
387 parameters | Δρmax = 0.40 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.39 e Å−3 |
C26H22N5O4P3·C3H6O | V = 2841.9 (5) Å3 |
Mr = 619.47 | Z = 4 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Cu Kα radiation |
a = 9.4901 (9) Å | µ = 2.34 mm−1 |
b = 22.9466 (19) Å | T = 100 K |
c = 13.1776 (13) Å | 0.19 × 0.12 × 0.03 mm |
β = 97.978 (6)° |
Bruker Kappa APEXII DUO CCD diffractometer | 5065 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (TWINABS; Sheldrick, 2004) | 4276 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.664, Tmax = 0.933 | Rint = 0.051 |
33208 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.037 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.102 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 1.08 | Δρmax = 0.40 e Å−3 |
5065 reflections | Δρmin = −0.39 e Å−3 |
387 parameters |
Experimental. The sample was a multiple crystal ("twin") with two components. The second domain was rotated from first domain by 2.6 degrees about reciprocal axis -0.141 1.000 0.976 and real axis -0.085 0.341 1.000 The twin law to convert hkl from first to this domain (SHELXL TWIN matrix): 1.002 - 0.016 0.017, 0.096 0.999 0.015, -0.032 - 0.001 0.996 |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections, using a TWIN4 hkl file prepared by TWINABS (Sheldrick, 2004). |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
P1 | 0.86867 (5) | 0.57153 (2) | 0.27605 (4) | 0.01501 (13) | |
P2 | 0.70274 (5) | 0.47853 (2) | 0.30698 (4) | 0.01500 (13) | |
P3 | 0.79507 (5) | 0.55177 (2) | 0.47261 (4) | 0.01498 (13) | |
O1 | 1.02561 (15) | 0.56625 (6) | 0.24629 (11) | 0.0169 (3) | |
O2 | 0.80895 (14) | 0.62781 (6) | 0.21219 (11) | 0.0171 (3) | |
O3 | 0.77860 (14) | 0.41639 (6) | 0.30107 (11) | 0.0165 (3) | |
O4 | 0.54174 (14) | 0.46339 (6) | 0.26346 (11) | 0.0174 (3) | |
N1 | 0.77084 (18) | 0.51945 (7) | 0.22950 (13) | 0.0173 (4) | |
N2 | 0.69897 (18) | 0.49976 (7) | 0.41955 (13) | 0.0178 (4) | |
N3 | 0.89141 (18) | 0.58162 (7) | 0.39485 (13) | 0.0172 (4) | |
N4 | 0.70206 (19) | 0.59910 (8) | 0.52986 (14) | 0.0190 (4) | |
H4N | 0.659 (3) | 0.6247 (11) | 0.4945 (19) | 0.023* | |
N5 | 0.89724 (19) | 0.53234 (8) | 0.57900 (13) | 0.0182 (4) | |
H5N | 0.921 (3) | 0.4976 (11) | 0.5831 (19) | 0.022* | |
C1 | 1.0620 (2) | 0.58150 (9) | 0.14985 (16) | 0.0175 (4) | |
C2 | 1.1120 (2) | 0.53795 (9) | 0.09149 (16) | 0.0195 (4) | |
H2 | 1.1120 | 0.4985 | 0.1134 | 0.023* | |
C3 | 1.1619 (2) | 0.55245 (9) | 0.00081 (17) | 0.0231 (5) | |
H3 | 1.1962 | 0.5228 | −0.0399 | 0.028* | |
C4 | 1.1620 (2) | 0.61020 (10) | −0.03067 (16) | 0.0233 (5) | |
H4 | 1.1973 | 0.6201 | −0.0925 | 0.028* | |
C5 | 1.1105 (2) | 0.65351 (9) | 0.02810 (16) | 0.0205 (4) | |
H5 | 1.1096 | 0.6928 | 0.0054 | 0.025* | |
C6 | 1.0600 (2) | 0.64004 (9) | 0.12034 (15) | 0.0170 (4) | |
C7 | 1.0101 (2) | 0.68643 (8) | 0.18533 (15) | 0.0174 (4) | |
C8 | 1.0836 (2) | 0.73950 (9) | 0.20275 (16) | 0.0203 (4) | |
H8 | 1.1679 | 0.7460 | 0.1730 | 0.024* | |
C9 | 1.0346 (2) | 0.78235 (9) | 0.26264 (16) | 0.0225 (5) | |
H9 | 1.0854 | 0.8180 | 0.2735 | 0.027* | |
C10 | 0.9119 (2) | 0.77390 (9) | 0.30718 (16) | 0.0218 (4) | |
H10 | 0.8794 | 0.8035 | 0.3486 | 0.026* | |
C11 | 0.8369 (2) | 0.72215 (9) | 0.29101 (16) | 0.0205 (4) | |
H11 | 0.7523 | 0.7159 | 0.3206 | 0.025* | |
C12 | 0.8877 (2) | 0.67975 (8) | 0.23097 (16) | 0.0175 (4) | |
C13 | 0.7274 (2) | 0.37086 (8) | 0.35739 (16) | 0.0170 (4) | |
C14 | 0.8068 (2) | 0.35465 (9) | 0.44930 (16) | 0.0207 (4) | |
H14 | 0.8913 | 0.3751 | 0.4752 | 0.025* | |
C15 | 0.7602 (3) | 0.30792 (9) | 0.50272 (17) | 0.0265 (5) | |
H15 | 0.8124 | 0.2964 | 0.5663 | 0.032* | |
C16 | 0.6377 (2) | 0.27796 (9) | 0.46347 (18) | 0.0265 (5) | |
H16 | 0.6068 | 0.2458 | 0.5000 | 0.032* | |
C17 | 0.5602 (2) | 0.29493 (9) | 0.37092 (18) | 0.0234 (5) | |
H17 | 0.4765 | 0.2741 | 0.3446 | 0.028* | |
C18 | 0.6038 (2) | 0.34235 (8) | 0.31581 (16) | 0.0182 (4) | |
C19 | 0.5226 (2) | 0.36114 (9) | 0.21647 (16) | 0.0182 (4) | |
C20 | 0.4629 (2) | 0.32016 (9) | 0.14425 (18) | 0.0246 (5) | |
H20 | 0.4762 | 0.2798 | 0.1586 | 0.029* | |
C21 | 0.3846 (2) | 0.33719 (11) | 0.05215 (19) | 0.0296 (5) | |
H21 | 0.3440 | 0.3086 | 0.0047 | 0.036* | |
C22 | 0.3657 (2) | 0.39597 (11) | 0.02949 (18) | 0.0291 (5) | |
H22 | 0.3130 | 0.4077 | −0.0338 | 0.035* | |
C23 | 0.4239 (2) | 0.43759 (10) | 0.09950 (17) | 0.0237 (5) | |
H23 | 0.4115 | 0.4779 | 0.0845 | 0.028* | |
C24 | 0.5001 (2) | 0.41980 (9) | 0.19118 (16) | 0.0178 (4) | |
C25 | 0.7808 (2) | 0.61684 (9) | 0.62821 (16) | 0.0233 (5) | |
H25A | 0.7156 | 0.6317 | 0.6748 | 0.028* | |
H25B | 0.8514 | 0.6475 | 0.6188 | 0.028* | |
C26 | 0.8542 (2) | 0.56094 (9) | 0.67000 (16) | 0.0213 (4) | |
H26A | 0.9382 | 0.5698 | 0.7211 | 0.026* | |
H26B | 0.7880 | 0.5360 | 0.7024 | 0.026* | |
O5 | 0.53486 (16) | 0.66469 (7) | 0.35745 (12) | 0.0258 (3) | |
C27 | 0.4623 (2) | 0.62727 (9) | 0.30959 (17) | 0.0220 (5) | |
C28 | 0.3829 (2) | 0.58239 (9) | 0.36180 (18) | 0.0255 (5) | |
H28A | 0.4119 | 0.5846 | 0.4360 | 0.038* | |
H28B | 0.4045 | 0.5435 | 0.3373 | 0.038* | |
H28C | 0.2805 | 0.5897 | 0.3462 | 0.038* | |
C29 | 0.4499 (3) | 0.62433 (11) | 0.19530 (18) | 0.0307 (5) | |
H29A | 0.4922 | 0.6594 | 0.1695 | 0.046* | |
H29B | 0.3493 | 0.6219 | 0.1661 | 0.046* | |
H29C | 0.5002 | 0.5898 | 0.1754 | 0.046* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
P1 | 0.0158 (3) | 0.0150 (2) | 0.0145 (3) | −0.00015 (19) | 0.00280 (19) | 0.00056 (18) |
P2 | 0.0159 (3) | 0.0140 (2) | 0.0153 (3) | −0.00058 (19) | 0.00309 (19) | −0.00092 (18) |
P3 | 0.0156 (3) | 0.0156 (2) | 0.0139 (3) | 0.00053 (19) | 0.00267 (19) | −0.00072 (18) |
O1 | 0.0168 (7) | 0.0184 (7) | 0.0161 (7) | 0.0007 (5) | 0.0041 (6) | 0.0038 (5) |
O2 | 0.0156 (7) | 0.0159 (7) | 0.0194 (7) | −0.0013 (5) | 0.0007 (6) | 0.0012 (5) |
O3 | 0.0165 (7) | 0.0152 (6) | 0.0183 (7) | −0.0007 (5) | 0.0041 (5) | −0.0009 (5) |
O4 | 0.0157 (7) | 0.0159 (6) | 0.0206 (8) | 0.0000 (5) | 0.0024 (6) | −0.0040 (6) |
N1 | 0.0196 (9) | 0.0177 (8) | 0.0151 (9) | −0.0020 (7) | 0.0042 (7) | −0.0015 (6) |
N2 | 0.0195 (9) | 0.0173 (8) | 0.0173 (9) | −0.0020 (7) | 0.0051 (7) | 0.0005 (7) |
N3 | 0.0181 (9) | 0.0174 (8) | 0.0158 (9) | −0.0023 (7) | 0.0016 (7) | −0.0005 (7) |
N4 | 0.0203 (9) | 0.0193 (8) | 0.0176 (9) | 0.0041 (7) | 0.0030 (7) | −0.0017 (7) |
N5 | 0.0204 (9) | 0.0187 (8) | 0.0154 (9) | 0.0028 (7) | 0.0019 (7) | 0.0007 (7) |
C1 | 0.0141 (10) | 0.0234 (10) | 0.0151 (10) | −0.0017 (8) | 0.0029 (8) | 0.0003 (8) |
C2 | 0.0189 (10) | 0.0177 (9) | 0.0215 (11) | −0.0003 (8) | 0.0013 (8) | −0.0007 (8) |
C3 | 0.0216 (11) | 0.0263 (11) | 0.0212 (11) | 0.0020 (9) | 0.0025 (9) | −0.0039 (9) |
C4 | 0.0239 (11) | 0.0307 (11) | 0.0160 (11) | −0.0022 (9) | 0.0051 (9) | 0.0007 (9) |
C5 | 0.0215 (11) | 0.0203 (10) | 0.0198 (11) | −0.0004 (8) | 0.0031 (8) | 0.0031 (8) |
C6 | 0.0151 (10) | 0.0193 (10) | 0.0167 (10) | −0.0017 (8) | 0.0025 (8) | −0.0015 (8) |
C7 | 0.0191 (10) | 0.0181 (9) | 0.0148 (10) | 0.0008 (8) | 0.0016 (8) | 0.0033 (8) |
C8 | 0.0225 (11) | 0.0207 (10) | 0.0184 (11) | −0.0024 (8) | 0.0054 (8) | 0.0034 (8) |
C9 | 0.0307 (12) | 0.0159 (9) | 0.0209 (11) | −0.0046 (9) | 0.0031 (9) | 0.0009 (8) |
C10 | 0.0286 (11) | 0.0171 (10) | 0.0201 (11) | 0.0019 (9) | 0.0051 (9) | −0.0019 (8) |
C11 | 0.0199 (10) | 0.0204 (10) | 0.0212 (11) | 0.0029 (8) | 0.0036 (8) | 0.0038 (8) |
C12 | 0.0198 (10) | 0.0132 (9) | 0.0186 (10) | −0.0013 (8) | −0.0004 (8) | 0.0023 (7) |
C13 | 0.0207 (10) | 0.0139 (9) | 0.0182 (10) | 0.0005 (8) | 0.0091 (8) | −0.0011 (8) |
C14 | 0.0228 (11) | 0.0184 (9) | 0.0213 (11) | 0.0052 (8) | 0.0044 (9) | −0.0030 (8) |
C15 | 0.0379 (13) | 0.0220 (10) | 0.0208 (11) | 0.0116 (10) | 0.0087 (10) | 0.0028 (9) |
C16 | 0.0331 (13) | 0.0194 (10) | 0.0308 (13) | 0.0044 (9) | 0.0181 (10) | 0.0044 (9) |
C17 | 0.0236 (11) | 0.0172 (10) | 0.0316 (13) | 0.0004 (8) | 0.0113 (9) | −0.0014 (9) |
C18 | 0.0185 (10) | 0.0152 (9) | 0.0227 (11) | 0.0021 (8) | 0.0092 (8) | −0.0027 (8) |
C19 | 0.0148 (10) | 0.0212 (10) | 0.0202 (11) | −0.0021 (8) | 0.0073 (8) | −0.0031 (8) |
C20 | 0.0216 (11) | 0.0228 (11) | 0.0307 (13) | −0.0033 (9) | 0.0086 (9) | −0.0087 (9) |
C21 | 0.0229 (11) | 0.0378 (13) | 0.0276 (13) | −0.0032 (10) | 0.0015 (9) | −0.0167 (10) |
C22 | 0.0231 (12) | 0.0412 (13) | 0.0218 (12) | 0.0024 (10) | −0.0015 (9) | −0.0063 (10) |
C23 | 0.0209 (11) | 0.0257 (11) | 0.0241 (12) | 0.0025 (9) | 0.0019 (9) | −0.0006 (9) |
C24 | 0.0138 (10) | 0.0202 (10) | 0.0196 (11) | −0.0008 (8) | 0.0038 (8) | −0.0046 (8) |
C25 | 0.0234 (11) | 0.0275 (11) | 0.0188 (11) | 0.0003 (9) | 0.0023 (9) | −0.0057 (9) |
C26 | 0.0213 (11) | 0.0268 (10) | 0.0159 (11) | −0.0005 (9) | 0.0029 (8) | −0.0013 (8) |
O5 | 0.0236 (8) | 0.0247 (8) | 0.0291 (9) | −0.0022 (6) | 0.0034 (7) | −0.0016 (6) |
C27 | 0.0162 (10) | 0.0234 (10) | 0.0268 (12) | 0.0065 (9) | 0.0039 (9) | −0.0008 (9) |
C28 | 0.0210 (11) | 0.0245 (11) | 0.0319 (13) | 0.0012 (9) | 0.0069 (9) | −0.0014 (9) |
C29 | 0.0257 (12) | 0.0403 (13) | 0.0255 (13) | −0.0010 (10) | 0.0017 (10) | 0.0027 (10) |
P1—N3 | 1.5675 (17) | C10—H10 | 0.9500 |
P1—N1 | 1.5837 (17) | C11—C12 | 1.382 (3) |
P1—O1 | 1.5965 (14) | C11—H11 | 0.9500 |
P1—O2 | 1.6016 (14) | C13—C14 | 1.385 (3) |
P2—N2 | 1.5665 (17) | C13—C18 | 1.388 (3) |
P2—N1 | 1.5890 (17) | C14—C15 | 1.388 (3) |
P2—O4 | 1.5940 (14) | C14—H14 | 0.9500 |
P2—O3 | 1.6041 (14) | C15—C16 | 1.387 (3) |
P3—N2 | 1.6024 (17) | C15—H15 | 0.9500 |
P3—N3 | 1.6171 (17) | C16—C17 | 1.390 (3) |
P3—N4 | 1.6471 (17) | C16—H16 | 0.9500 |
P3—N5 | 1.6514 (18) | C17—C18 | 1.402 (3) |
O1—C1 | 1.407 (2) | C17—H17 | 0.9500 |
O2—C12 | 1.410 (2) | C18—C19 | 1.488 (3) |
O3—C13 | 1.407 (2) | C19—C24 | 1.396 (3) |
O4—C24 | 1.400 (2) | C19—C20 | 1.401 (3) |
N4—C25 | 1.461 (3) | C20—C21 | 1.388 (3) |
N4—H4N | 0.82 (3) | C20—H20 | 0.9500 |
N5—C26 | 1.473 (3) | C21—C22 | 1.388 (4) |
N5—H5N | 0.83 (3) | C21—H21 | 0.9500 |
C1—C2 | 1.384 (3) | C22—C23 | 1.388 (3) |
C1—C6 | 1.398 (3) | C22—H22 | 0.9500 |
C2—C3 | 1.386 (3) | C23—C24 | 1.381 (3) |
C2—H2 | 0.9500 | C23—H23 | 0.9500 |
C3—C4 | 1.389 (3) | C25—C26 | 1.526 (3) |
C3—H3 | 0.9500 | C25—H25A | 0.9900 |
C4—C5 | 1.390 (3) | C25—H25B | 0.9900 |
C4—H4 | 0.9500 | C26—H26A | 0.9900 |
C5—C6 | 1.402 (3) | C26—H26B | 0.9900 |
C5—H5 | 0.9500 | O5—C27 | 1.220 (3) |
C6—C7 | 1.484 (3) | C27—C29 | 1.496 (3) |
C7—C12 | 1.389 (3) | C27—C28 | 1.498 (3) |
C7—C8 | 1.406 (3) | C28—H28A | 0.9800 |
C8—C9 | 1.381 (3) | C28—H28B | 0.9800 |
C8—H8 | 0.9500 | C28—H28C | 0.9800 |
C9—C10 | 1.388 (3) | C29—H29A | 0.9800 |
C9—H9 | 0.9500 | C29—H29B | 0.9800 |
C10—C11 | 1.386 (3) | C29—H29C | 0.9800 |
N3—P1—N1 | 119.36 (9) | C11—C12—O2 | 118.47 (18) |
N3—P1—O1 | 104.64 (8) | C7—C12—O2 | 118.17 (17) |
N1—P1—O1 | 111.37 (8) | C14—C13—C18 | 123.09 (19) |
N3—P1—O2 | 113.28 (8) | C14—C13—O3 | 118.37 (18) |
N1—P1—O2 | 105.03 (8) | C18—C13—O3 | 118.46 (18) |
O1—P1—O2 | 101.90 (7) | C13—C14—C15 | 118.6 (2) |
N2—P2—N1 | 119.30 (9) | C13—C14—H14 | 120.7 |
N2—P2—O4 | 105.18 (8) | C15—C14—H14 | 120.7 |
N1—P2—O4 | 110.65 (8) | C16—C15—C14 | 120.2 (2) |
N2—P2—O3 | 113.07 (9) | C16—C15—H15 | 119.9 |
N1—P2—O3 | 105.59 (8) | C14—C15—H15 | 119.9 |
O4—P2—O3 | 101.71 (7) | C15—C16—C17 | 120.2 (2) |
N2—P3—N3 | 112.12 (9) | C15—C16—H16 | 119.9 |
N2—P3—N4 | 112.47 (9) | C17—C16—H16 | 119.9 |
N3—P3—N4 | 113.39 (9) | C16—C17—C18 | 120.9 (2) |
N2—P3—N5 | 113.64 (9) | C16—C17—H17 | 119.6 |
N3—P3—N5 | 109.59 (9) | C18—C17—H17 | 119.6 |
N4—P3—N5 | 94.47 (9) | C13—C18—C17 | 117.1 (2) |
C1—O1—P1 | 123.88 (13) | C13—C18—C19 | 121.14 (18) |
C12—O2—P1 | 116.68 (12) | C17—C18—C19 | 121.76 (19) |
C13—O3—P2 | 116.39 (12) | C24—C19—C20 | 116.8 (2) |
C24—O4—P2 | 124.52 (12) | C24—C19—C18 | 122.21 (18) |
P1—N1—P2 | 117.77 (11) | C20—C19—C18 | 120.98 (19) |
P2—N2—P3 | 123.95 (11) | C21—C20—C19 | 121.5 (2) |
P1—N3—P3 | 123.96 (11) | C21—C20—H20 | 119.3 |
C25—N4—P3 | 110.45 (14) | C19—C20—H20 | 119.3 |
C25—N4—H4N | 117.0 (17) | C22—C21—C20 | 119.9 (2) |
P3—N4—H4N | 117.8 (18) | C22—C21—H21 | 120.0 |
C26—N5—P3 | 111.99 (14) | C20—C21—H21 | 120.0 |
C26—N5—H5N | 118.6 (17) | C21—C22—C23 | 119.9 (2) |
P3—N5—H5N | 115.9 (17) | C21—C22—H22 | 120.1 |
C2—C1—C6 | 122.12 (19) | C23—C22—H22 | 120.1 |
C2—C1—O1 | 117.93 (18) | C24—C23—C22 | 119.3 (2) |
C6—C1—O1 | 119.65 (18) | C24—C23—H23 | 120.3 |
C1—C2—C3 | 119.36 (19) | C22—C23—H23 | 120.3 |
C1—C2—H2 | 120.3 | C23—C24—C19 | 122.56 (19) |
C3—C2—H2 | 120.3 | C23—C24—O4 | 116.64 (18) |
C2—C3—C4 | 120.1 (2) | C19—C24—O4 | 120.46 (18) |
C2—C3—H3 | 120.0 | N4—C25—C26 | 103.74 (17) |
C4—C3—H3 | 120.0 | N4—C25—H25A | 111.0 |
C3—C4—C5 | 120.1 (2) | C26—C25—H25A | 111.0 |
C3—C4—H4 | 120.0 | N4—C25—H25B | 111.0 |
C5—C4—H4 | 120.0 | C26—C25—H25B | 111.0 |
C4—C5—C6 | 120.97 (19) | H25A—C25—H25B | 109.0 |
C4—C5—H5 | 119.5 | N5—C26—C25 | 104.18 (17) |
C6—C5—H5 | 119.5 | N5—C26—H26A | 110.9 |
C1—C6—C5 | 117.38 (19) | C25—C26—H26A | 110.9 |
C1—C6—C7 | 121.47 (18) | N5—C26—H26B | 110.9 |
C5—C6—C7 | 121.13 (18) | C25—C26—H26B | 110.9 |
C12—C7—C8 | 116.76 (18) | H26A—C26—H26B | 108.9 |
C12—C7—C6 | 121.56 (18) | O5—C27—C29 | 120.8 (2) |
C8—C7—C6 | 121.68 (18) | O5—C27—C28 | 122.0 (2) |
C9—C8—C7 | 120.7 (2) | C29—C27—C28 | 117.21 (19) |
C9—C8—H8 | 119.6 | C27—C28—H28A | 109.5 |
C7—C8—H8 | 119.6 | C27—C28—H28B | 109.5 |
C8—C9—C10 | 120.73 (19) | H28A—C28—H28B | 109.5 |
C8—C9—H9 | 119.6 | C27—C28—H28C | 109.5 |
C10—C9—H9 | 119.6 | H28A—C28—H28C | 109.5 |
C11—C10—C9 | 119.85 (19) | H28B—C28—H28C | 109.5 |
C11—C10—H10 | 120.1 | C27—C29—H29A | 109.5 |
C9—C10—H10 | 120.1 | C27—C29—H29B | 109.5 |
C12—C11—C10 | 118.6 (2) | H29A—C29—H29B | 109.5 |
C12—C11—H11 | 120.7 | C27—C29—H29C | 109.5 |
C10—C11—H11 | 120.7 | H29A—C29—H29C | 109.5 |
C11—C12—C7 | 123.33 (18) | H29B—C29—H29C | 109.5 |
N3—P1—O1—C1 | −151.76 (15) | C5—C6—C7—C12 | 137.4 (2) |
N1—P1—O1—C1 | 77.97 (16) | C1—C6—C7—C8 | 136.4 (2) |
O2—P1—O1—C1 | −33.56 (16) | C5—C6—C7—C8 | −41.9 (3) |
N3—P1—O2—C12 | 54.75 (16) | C12—C7—C8—C9 | 0.0 (3) |
N1—P1—O2—C12 | −173.32 (14) | C6—C7—C8—C9 | 179.33 (19) |
O1—P1—O2—C12 | −57.08 (15) | C7—C8—C9—C10 | 0.2 (3) |
N2—P2—O3—C13 | 52.84 (16) | C8—C9—C10—C11 | −0.4 (3) |
N1—P2—O3—C13 | −175.00 (13) | C9—C10—C11—C12 | 0.5 (3) |
O4—P2—O3—C13 | −59.42 (15) | C10—C11—C12—C7 | −0.3 (3) |
N2—P2—O4—C24 | −148.34 (15) | C10—C11—C12—O2 | −178.18 (18) |
N1—P2—O4—C24 | 81.56 (17) | C8—C7—C12—C11 | 0.1 (3) |
O3—P2—O4—C24 | −30.24 (17) | C6—C7—C12—C11 | −179.23 (19) |
N3—P1—N1—P2 | −1.48 (16) | C8—C7—C12—O2 | 177.90 (17) |
O1—P1—N1—P2 | 120.63 (11) | C6—C7—C12—O2 | −1.4 (3) |
O2—P1—N1—P2 | −129.84 (11) | P1—O2—C12—C11 | −103.17 (18) |
N2—P2—N1—P1 | 16.39 (16) | P1—O2—C12—C7 | 78.9 (2) |
O4—P2—N1—P1 | 138.55 (10) | P2—O3—C13—C14 | −103.07 (18) |
O3—P2—N1—P1 | −112.16 (11) | P2—O3—C13—C18 | 80.20 (19) |
N1—P2—N2—P3 | −17.32 (17) | C18—C13—C14—C15 | −0.4 (3) |
O4—P2—N2—P3 | −142.15 (12) | O3—C13—C14—C15 | −176.97 (17) |
O3—P2—N2—P3 | 107.71 (12) | C13—C14—C15—C16 | 0.8 (3) |
N3—P3—N2—P2 | 2.48 (16) | C14—C15—C16—C17 | −0.6 (3) |
N4—P3—N2—P2 | 131.67 (12) | C15—C16—C17—C18 | −0.1 (3) |
N5—P3—N2—P2 | −122.48 (13) | C14—C13—C18—C17 | −0.3 (3) |
N1—P1—N3—P3 | −14.21 (17) | O3—C13—C18—C17 | 176.31 (17) |
O1—P1—N3—P3 | −139.60 (11) | C14—C13—C18—C19 | −179.62 (18) |
O2—P1—N3—P3 | 110.26 (12) | O3—C13—C18—C19 | −3.0 (3) |
N2—P3—N3—P1 | 13.44 (16) | C16—C17—C18—C13 | 0.5 (3) |
N4—P3—N3—P1 | −115.26 (13) | C16—C17—C18—C19 | 179.83 (19) |
N5—P3—N3—P1 | 140.61 (12) | C13—C18—C19—C24 | −41.5 (3) |
N2—P3—N4—C25 | 138.76 (14) | C17—C18—C19—C24 | 139.2 (2) |
N3—P3—N4—C25 | −92.72 (16) | C13—C18—C19—C20 | 139.6 (2) |
N5—P3—N4—C25 | 20.88 (16) | C17—C18—C19—C20 | −39.7 (3) |
N2—P3—N5—C26 | −112.97 (15) | C24—C19—C20—C21 | −0.2 (3) |
N3—P3—N5—C26 | 120.73 (15) | C18—C19—C20—C21 | 178.7 (2) |
N4—P3—N5—C26 | 3.95 (16) | C19—C20—C21—C22 | 0.8 (3) |
P1—O1—C1—C2 | −117.03 (18) | C20—C21—C22—C23 | −0.7 (4) |
P1—O1—C1—C6 | 69.1 (2) | C21—C22—C23—C24 | −0.1 (3) |
C6—C1—C2—C3 | 0.1 (3) | C22—C23—C24—C19 | 0.7 (3) |
O1—C1—C2—C3 | −173.67 (18) | C22—C23—C24—O4 | −172.71 (19) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | 0.2 (3) | C20—C19—C24—C23 | −0.5 (3) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | −0.7 (3) | C18—C19—C24—C23 | −179.51 (19) |
C3—C4—C5—C6 | 1.0 (3) | C20—C19—C24—O4 | 172.62 (18) |
C2—C1—C6—C5 | 0.2 (3) | C18—C19—C24—O4 | −6.3 (3) |
O1—C1—C6—C5 | 173.83 (17) | P2—O4—C24—C23 | −118.86 (18) |
C2—C1—C6—C7 | −178.11 (19) | P2—O4—C24—C19 | 67.6 (2) |
O1—C1—C6—C7 | −4.5 (3) | P3—N4—C25—C26 | −37.8 (2) |
C4—C5—C6—C1 | −0.7 (3) | P3—N5—C26—C25 | −25.7 (2) |
C4—C5—C6—C7 | 177.58 (19) | N4—C25—C26—N5 | 38.3 (2) |
C1—C6—C7—C12 | −44.4 (3) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N4—H4N···O5 | 0.82 (3) | 2.22 (3) | 2.991 (2) | 158 (2) |
N5—H5N···N3i | 0.83 (3) | 2.53 (3) | 3.285 (2) | 151 (2) |
Symmetry code: (i) −x+2, −y+1, −z+1. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N4—H4N···O5 | 0.82 (3) | 2.22 (3) | 2.991 (2) | 158 (2) |
N5—H5N···N3i | 0.83 (3) | 2.53 (3) | 3.285 (2) | 151 (2) |
Symmetry code: (i) −x+2, −y+1, −z+1. |
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Dr Casey Grimm for the MS analysis. Upgrade of the diffractometer was made possible by grant No. LEQSF(2011–12)-ENH-TR-01, administered by the Louisiana Board of Regents.
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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are cited.
The non-halogenated title compound contains two key elements phosphorus and nitrogen, which are incorporated into the backbone moiety of the molecule to achieve flame retardant properties (Bakos et al., 1982). Studies have shown that an increase in the number of phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), or P—N bonds leads to improved flame retardancy (Drews & Barker, 1985). The substitution of two biphenol groups and ethylenediamine onto phosphazene was achieved through nucleophilic substitution in high yield. This compound was applied to cotton fabric and has shown promising preliminary results as a potential flame retardant.
The proposed efficacy and novelty of this flame retardant is based on the design of phosphorus (P3) surrounded by four nitrogen (N2, N3, N4, N5) atoms, thereby increasing the number of P—N bonds in the molecule. Incorporation of the 2,2'-biphenol moiety at P1 and P2 promotes a seven membered spirocyclic structure with endocyclic torsion angles about the central biphenol C—C bonds being nearly equal, -44.4 (3)° for C1/C6/C7/C12 and -41.5 (3)° for C13/C18/C19/C24. Both seven-membered rings have twist conformations with the P atom on the local twofold axis; however the deviation from C2 local symmetry is substantial for both. The asymmetry parameter (Duax et al., 1976) is 14.83 (13)° for the ring containing P1 and 18.44 (14)° for that containing P2.
The utilization of ethylenediamine at the P3 position forms a five-membered ring with new P—N bonds, which lies roughly perpendicular (dihedral angle 81.42 (4)°) to the phosphazene ring. The conformation of the 5-membered ring is closest to an envelope with C25 at the flap position. C25 lies 0.554 (2) Å out of the plane of the other four atoms, and the Cs asymmetry parameter is 3.44 (17)°. The N—P—N bonds have angles of 94.47 (9)° to 113.64 (9)°, which is lower than typical angles of ~118° (Allcock, 1972). The narrowing of the angle may be due to van der Waals repulsions from the four N atoms surrounding P3 (Allcock, 1972). It has been reported that N—P—N bonds with two bulky phenyl groups on P have a narrowed angle of 115° due to mutual repulsions form the bulky phenyl group (Allcock, 1972). The phosphazene ring itself is slightly nonplanar, having a boat distortion, with P2 lying 0.1982 (4) Å and N3 lying 0.161 (2) Å on the same side of the plane defined by P1, P3, N1, and N2. The phosphazene ring has P—N bond lengths ranging from 1.5665 (17) to 1.6171 (17) Å. These values are typical for phosphazene rings (Barclay et al. 2002; Olthof, 1969). This molecule has similar bond angles and bond lengths, when substituted with the same or comparable spiro molecules, as found in the literature (Allcock, 1972, Ciftci et al., 2013). Overall, the molecule has approximate C2 symmetry, as seen in Fig. 1.
Both NH groups donate intermolecular hydrogen bonds, as shown in Fig. 2. The N5—H···N3 (at 2 - x, 1 - y, 1 - z) bond leads to centrosymmetric hydrogen-bonded dimers, with graph set R22(8) (Etter, 1990), while N4 donates a hydrogen bond to acetone O. The acetone molecule forms two C—H···O hydrogen bonds with the phosphazene molecule, one as a donor and the other as an acceptor (Table 1).