organic compounds
2-Allyl-7-nitro-2H-indazole
aLaboratoire de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université Sultan Moulay Slimane, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Béni-Mellal, BP 523, Morocco, bDipartimento di Chimica 'G. Ciamician', Università degli Studi di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy, and cLaboratoire de Chimie du Solide Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V-Agdal, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
*Correspondence e-mail: assoman_k@yahoo.fr
The 10H9N3O2, contains two independent molecules linked by a C—H⋯N hydrogen bond. Each molecule has a similar conformation, being built up from fused five- and six-membered rings, each linked to an ally and nitro group, respectively. The indazole ring system makes dihedral angles of 2.7 (2) and 2.2 (2)°, respectively, with the plane through the nitro group. The allyl group is nearly perpendicular to the indazole system, as indicated by the N—N—C—C torsion angles of −75.3 (2) and −82.2 (2)°, this being the most important difference between the conformations of the two molecules. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H⋯O and π–π [inter-centroid distance = 3.6225 (8) Å] interactions to form a three-dimensional network.
of the title compound, CCCDC reference: 963647
Related literature
For pharmacological effects of indazole derivatives, see: Baraldi et al. (2001); Li et al. (2003); Lee et al. (2001); Rodgers et al. (1996); Schmidt et al. (2008). For similar compounds, see: El Brahmi et al. (2012); Chicha et al. (2013).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2009); cell SAINT (Bruker, 2009); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 2012); software used to prepare material for publication: PLATON (Spek, 2009) and publCIF (Westrip, 2010).
Supporting information
CCDC reference: 963647
10.1107/S1600536813026743/tk5258sup1.cif
contains datablock I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536813026743/tk5258Isup2.hkl
Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536813026743/tk5258Isup3.cml
To a solution of 7-nitroindazole (6.13 mmol) in acetone (15 ml) was added potassium hydroxide (6.8 mmol). After 15 min. at 298 K, allyl bromide (12.26 mmol) was added drop wise. Upon disappearance of the starting material as indicated by TLC, the resulting mixture was evaporated. The crude material was dissolved with EtOAc (50 ml), washed with water and brine, dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was evaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by
(EtOAc/hexane 3/7). The title compound was recrystallized from ethanol at room temperature giving colorless crystals (m.p. 358 (1) K, yield: 65%).H atoms were located in a difference map and treated as riding with C—H = 0.93–0.97 Å, and with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq.
Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2009); cell
APEX2 (Bruker, 2009); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2009); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 2012); software used to prepare material for publication: PLATON (Spek, 2009) and publCIF (Westrip, 2010).Fig. 1. The two molecules comprising the asymmetric unit of the title compound with the atom-labelling scheme. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level. H atoms are represented as small circles. | |
Fig. 2. Overlay diagram of the two crystallographically independent molecules highlighting the different orientations of the allyl groups. |
C10H9N3O2 | Z = 4 |
Mr = 203.20 | F(000) = 424 |
Triclinic, P1 | Dx = 1.398 Mg m−3 |
Hall symbol: -P 1 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
a = 8.1848 (3) Å | Cell parameters from 4980 reflections |
b = 8.3253 (4) Å | θ = 2.5–28.7° |
c = 16.3194 (6) Å | µ = 0.10 mm−1 |
α = 84.168 (2)° | T = 296 K |
β = 85.653 (2)° | Irregular shape, colourless |
γ = 60.843 (2)° | 0.42 × 0.29 × 0.17 mm |
V = 965.64 (7) Å3 |
Bruker X8 APEX diffractometer | 4107 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | Rint = 0.028 |
Graphite monochromator | θmax = 28.7°, θmin = 2.5° |
ϕ and ω scans | h = −11→11 |
22310 measured reflections | k = −11→11 |
4980 independent reflections | l = −22→22 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.046 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.142 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.04 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.076P)2 + 0.1973P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
4980 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
271 parameters | Δρmax = 0.37 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.24 e Å−3 |
C10H9N3O2 | γ = 60.843 (2)° |
Mr = 203.20 | V = 965.64 (7) Å3 |
Triclinic, P1 | Z = 4 |
a = 8.1848 (3) Å | Mo Kα radiation |
b = 8.3253 (4) Å | µ = 0.10 mm−1 |
c = 16.3194 (6) Å | T = 296 K |
α = 84.168 (2)° | 0.42 × 0.29 × 0.17 mm |
β = 85.653 (2)° |
Bruker X8 APEX diffractometer | 4107 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
22310 measured reflections | Rint = 0.028 |
4980 independent reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.046 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.142 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.04 | Δρmax = 0.37 e Å−3 |
4980 reflections | Δρmin = −0.24 e Å−3 |
271 parameters |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against all reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > 2σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on all data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
C1 | 0.40636 (16) | 0.52858 (16) | 0.63233 (7) | 0.0352 (2) | |
C2 | 0.32039 (17) | 0.46916 (16) | 0.57894 (7) | 0.0365 (3) | |
C3 | 0.22059 (19) | 0.58263 (18) | 0.51389 (8) | 0.0439 (3) | |
H3 | 0.1656 | 0.5413 | 0.4795 | 0.053* | |
C4 | 0.1994 (2) | 0.76114 (19) | 0.49786 (9) | 0.0506 (3) | |
H4 | 0.1297 | 0.8363 | 0.4534 | 0.061* | |
C5 | 0.2794 (2) | 0.82492 (18) | 0.54647 (9) | 0.0491 (3) | |
H5 | 0.2659 | 0.9425 | 0.5354 | 0.059* | |
C6 | 0.38287 (18) | 0.71050 (17) | 0.61358 (8) | 0.0406 (3) | |
C7 | 0.4834 (2) | 0.7291 (2) | 0.67340 (9) | 0.0478 (3) | |
H7 | 0.4978 | 0.8314 | 0.6792 | 0.057* | |
C8 | 0.6739 (2) | 0.5268 (3) | 0.79150 (9) | 0.0568 (4) | |
H8A | 0.6289 | 0.4718 | 0.8366 | 0.068* | |
H8B | 0.6606 | 0.6404 | 0.8092 | 0.068* | |
C9 | 0.8763 (2) | 0.3989 (3) | 0.77569 (10) | 0.0595 (4) | |
H9 | 0.9568 | 0.3830 | 0.8168 | 0.071* | |
C10 | 0.9523 (3) | 0.3085 (3) | 0.71208 (12) | 0.0699 (5) | |
H10A | 0.8786 | 0.3191 | 0.6690 | 0.084* | |
H10B | 1.0812 | 0.2321 | 0.7089 | 0.084* | |
N1 | 0.51163 (16) | 0.44398 (16) | 0.69883 (7) | 0.0424 (3) | |
N2 | 0.55488 (16) | 0.57195 (17) | 0.72082 (7) | 0.0463 (3) | |
N3 | 0.33824 (17) | 0.28617 (16) | 0.59100 (8) | 0.0469 (3) | |
O1 | 0.2663 (3) | 0.24031 (19) | 0.54180 (9) | 0.0862 (5) | |
O2 | 0.42204 (19) | 0.18615 (16) | 0.65005 (8) | 0.0689 (3) | |
C11 | 0.77659 (16) | 0.77408 (16) | 0.98570 (7) | 0.0358 (3) | |
C12 | 0.71532 (16) | 0.68123 (16) | 1.04771 (7) | 0.0357 (3) | |
C13 | 0.64456 (19) | 0.75454 (19) | 1.12190 (8) | 0.0444 (3) | |
H13 | 0.6060 | 0.6915 | 1.1621 | 0.053* | |
C14 | 0.6294 (2) | 0.9241 (2) | 1.13810 (10) | 0.0543 (4) | |
H14 | 0.5804 | 0.9718 | 1.1888 | 0.065* | |
C15 | 0.6852 (2) | 1.0194 (2) | 1.08103 (10) | 0.0541 (4) | |
H15 | 0.6741 | 1.1317 | 1.0922 | 0.065* | |
C16 | 0.75989 (19) | 0.94553 (17) | 1.00491 (9) | 0.0437 (3) | |
C17 | 0.8334 (2) | 1.0005 (2) | 0.93490 (10) | 0.0543 (4) | |
H17 | 0.8441 | 1.1072 | 0.9265 | 0.065* | |
C18 | 0.9745 (2) | 0.8661 (3) | 0.80039 (10) | 0.0671 (5) | |
H18A | 1.0708 | 0.7405 | 0.7924 | 0.081* | |
H18B | 1.0348 | 0.9421 | 0.7980 | 0.081* | |
C19 | 0.8404 (2) | 0.9320 (2) | 0.73243 (10) | 0.0573 (4) | |
H19 | 0.7356 | 1.0480 | 0.7344 | 0.069* | |
C20 | 0.8612 (3) | 0.8364 (3) | 0.67013 (12) | 0.0725 (5) | |
H20A | 0.9647 | 0.7199 | 0.6665 | 0.087* | |
H20B | 0.7726 | 0.8848 | 0.6294 | 0.087* | |
N4 | 0.85309 (16) | 0.72904 (16) | 0.90988 (7) | 0.0434 (3) | |
N5 | 0.88521 (17) | 0.87130 (18) | 0.88237 (8) | 0.0505 (3) | |
N6 | 0.72571 (15) | 0.50676 (15) | 1.03441 (7) | 0.0415 (2) | |
O3 | 0.78980 (18) | 0.43963 (15) | 0.96842 (7) | 0.0602 (3) | |
O4 | 0.67488 (19) | 0.43012 (16) | 1.09090 (8) | 0.0691 (4) |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
C1 | 0.0349 (5) | 0.0344 (5) | 0.0368 (6) | −0.0177 (5) | 0.0018 (4) | −0.0023 (4) |
C2 | 0.0381 (6) | 0.0340 (5) | 0.0391 (6) | −0.0191 (5) | 0.0006 (5) | −0.0028 (5) |
C3 | 0.0472 (7) | 0.0438 (7) | 0.0408 (6) | −0.0213 (6) | −0.0050 (5) | −0.0044 (5) |
C4 | 0.0571 (8) | 0.0405 (7) | 0.0450 (7) | −0.0172 (6) | −0.0076 (6) | 0.0049 (5) |
C5 | 0.0575 (8) | 0.0323 (6) | 0.0537 (8) | −0.0198 (6) | 0.0006 (6) | 0.0000 (5) |
C6 | 0.0429 (6) | 0.0349 (6) | 0.0467 (7) | −0.0207 (5) | 0.0035 (5) | −0.0073 (5) |
C7 | 0.0499 (7) | 0.0449 (7) | 0.0560 (8) | −0.0275 (6) | 0.0010 (6) | −0.0124 (6) |
C8 | 0.0510 (8) | 0.0786 (10) | 0.0469 (8) | −0.0337 (8) | −0.0057 (6) | −0.0141 (7) |
C9 | 0.0516 (8) | 0.0773 (11) | 0.0546 (9) | −0.0345 (8) | −0.0082 (7) | −0.0023 (8) |
C10 | 0.0568 (9) | 0.0864 (13) | 0.0607 (10) | −0.0308 (9) | −0.0006 (8) | −0.0034 (9) |
N1 | 0.0444 (6) | 0.0458 (6) | 0.0413 (6) | −0.0250 (5) | −0.0048 (4) | −0.0006 (5) |
N2 | 0.0453 (6) | 0.0548 (7) | 0.0453 (6) | −0.0280 (5) | −0.0021 (5) | −0.0107 (5) |
N3 | 0.0516 (6) | 0.0404 (6) | 0.0563 (7) | −0.0284 (5) | −0.0044 (5) | −0.0006 (5) |
O1 | 0.1353 (13) | 0.0694 (8) | 0.0879 (9) | −0.0731 (9) | −0.0361 (9) | 0.0031 (7) |
O2 | 0.0785 (8) | 0.0473 (6) | 0.0881 (9) | −0.0373 (6) | −0.0305 (7) | 0.0222 (6) |
C11 | 0.0350 (5) | 0.0359 (6) | 0.0385 (6) | −0.0185 (5) | −0.0107 (4) | 0.0035 (5) |
C12 | 0.0354 (6) | 0.0328 (5) | 0.0394 (6) | −0.0171 (5) | −0.0079 (5) | 0.0029 (4) |
C13 | 0.0454 (7) | 0.0467 (7) | 0.0396 (6) | −0.0214 (6) | −0.0047 (5) | 0.0012 (5) |
C14 | 0.0592 (8) | 0.0515 (8) | 0.0484 (8) | −0.0214 (7) | −0.0056 (6) | −0.0131 (6) |
C15 | 0.0601 (9) | 0.0393 (7) | 0.0652 (9) | −0.0229 (6) | −0.0165 (7) | −0.0084 (6) |
C16 | 0.0457 (7) | 0.0371 (6) | 0.0532 (7) | −0.0236 (5) | −0.0165 (6) | 0.0061 (5) |
C17 | 0.0574 (8) | 0.0509 (8) | 0.0655 (9) | −0.0363 (7) | −0.0199 (7) | 0.0172 (7) |
C18 | 0.0548 (9) | 0.0939 (13) | 0.0546 (9) | −0.0423 (9) | −0.0056 (7) | 0.0238 (9) |
C19 | 0.0529 (8) | 0.0657 (9) | 0.0513 (8) | −0.0303 (7) | −0.0036 (6) | 0.0144 (7) |
C20 | 0.0687 (11) | 0.0900 (13) | 0.0579 (10) | −0.0402 (10) | 0.0091 (8) | 0.0004 (9) |
N4 | 0.0441 (6) | 0.0490 (6) | 0.0400 (5) | −0.0257 (5) | −0.0059 (4) | 0.0048 (5) |
N5 | 0.0500 (6) | 0.0615 (7) | 0.0476 (6) | −0.0354 (6) | −0.0112 (5) | 0.0162 (5) |
N6 | 0.0421 (5) | 0.0377 (5) | 0.0482 (6) | −0.0223 (5) | −0.0070 (5) | 0.0026 (4) |
O3 | 0.0892 (8) | 0.0508 (6) | 0.0500 (6) | −0.0399 (6) | −0.0076 (5) | −0.0067 (5) |
O4 | 0.0824 (8) | 0.0530 (6) | 0.0815 (8) | −0.0439 (6) | 0.0186 (7) | 0.0003 (6) |
C1—N1 | 1.3459 (17) | C11—N4 | 1.3459 (16) |
C1—C2 | 1.4208 (17) | C11—C12 | 1.4196 (17) |
C1—C6 | 1.4337 (17) | C11—C16 | 1.4313 (17) |
C2—C3 | 1.3648 (18) | C12—C13 | 1.3686 (18) |
C2—N3 | 1.4517 (16) | C12—N6 | 1.4509 (16) |
C3—C4 | 1.409 (2) | C13—C14 | 1.407 (2) |
C3—H3 | 0.9300 | C13—H13 | 0.9300 |
C4—C5 | 1.358 (2) | C14—C15 | 1.358 (2) |
C4—H4 | 0.9300 | C14—H14 | 0.9300 |
C5—C6 | 1.402 (2) | C15—C16 | 1.403 (2) |
C5—H5 | 0.9300 | C15—H15 | 0.9300 |
C6—C7 | 1.389 (2) | C16—C17 | 1.391 (2) |
C7—N2 | 1.330 (2) | C17—N5 | 1.326 (2) |
C7—H7 | 0.9300 | C17—H17 | 0.9300 |
C8—N2 | 1.4649 (19) | C18—N5 | 1.469 (2) |
C8—C9 | 1.489 (2) | C18—C19 | 1.486 (2) |
C8—H8A | 0.9700 | C18—H18A | 0.9700 |
C8—H8B | 0.9700 | C18—H18B | 0.9700 |
C9—C10 | 1.279 (2) | C19—C20 | 1.304 (3) |
C9—H9 | 0.9300 | C19—H19 | 0.9300 |
C10—H10A | 0.9300 | C20—H20A | 0.9300 |
C10—H10B | 0.9300 | C20—H20B | 0.9300 |
N1—N2 | 1.3615 (16) | N4—N5 | 1.3605 (16) |
N3—O2 | 1.2137 (16) | N6—O3 | 1.2240 (15) |
N3—O1 | 1.2207 (17) | N6—O4 | 1.2292 (15) |
N1—C1—C2 | 131.9 (2) | N4—C11—C12 | 131.5 (2) |
N1—C1—C6 | 111.6 (2) | N4—C11—C16 | 111.7 (2) |
C2—C1—C6 | 116.5 (2) | C12—C11—C16 | 116.8 (2) |
C3—C2—C1 | 120.6 (2) | C13—C12—C11 | 120.6 (2) |
C3—C2—N3 | 118.2 (2) | C13—C12—N6 | 118.2 (2) |
C1—C2—N3 | 121.3 (2) | C11—C12—N6 | 121.2 (2) |
C2—C3—C4 | 121.2 (2) | C12—C13—C14 | 120.8 (2) |
C2—C3—H3 | 119.4 | C12—C13—H13 | 119.6 |
C4—C3—H3 | 119.4 | C14—C13—H13 | 119.6 |
C5—C4—C3 | 120.8 (2) | C15—C14—C13 | 121.2 (2) |
C5—C4—H4 | 119.6 | C15—C14—H14 | 119.4 |
C3—C4—H4 | 119.6 | C13—C14—H14 | 119.4 |
C4—C5—C6 | 118.9 (2) | C14—C15—C16 | 118.8 (2) |
C4—C5—H5 | 120.6 | C14—C15—H15 | 120.6 |
C6—C5—H5 | 120.6 | C16—C15—H15 | 120.6 |
C7—C6—C5 | 134.0 (2) | C17—C16—C15 | 134.4 (2) |
C7—C6—C1 | 104.0 (2) | C17—C16—C11 | 103.8 (2) |
C5—C6—C1 | 121.9 (2) | C15—C16—C11 | 121.8 (2) |
N2—C7—C6 | 106.6 (2) | N5—C17—C16 | 106.7 (2) |
N2—C7—H7 | 126.7 | N5—C17—H17 | 126.6 |
C6—C7—H7 | 126.7 | C16—C17—H17 | 126.6 |
N2—C8—C9 | 114.9 (2) | N5—C18—C19 | 113.1 (2) |
N2—C8—H8A | 108.5 | N5—C18—H18A | 109.0 |
C9—C8—H8A | 108.5 | C19—C18—H18A | 109.0 |
N2—C8—H8B | 108.5 | N5—C18—H18B | 109.0 |
C9—C8—H8B | 108.5 | C19—C18—H18B | 109.0 |
H8A—C8—H8B | 107.5 | H18A—C18—H18B | 107.8 |
C10—C9—C8 | 127.5 (2) | C20—C19—C18 | 123.8 (2) |
C10—C9—H9 | 116.3 | C20—C19—H19 | 118.1 |
C8—C9—H9 | 116.3 | C18—C19—H19 | 118.1 |
C9—C10—H10A | 120.0 | C19—C20—H20A | 120.0 |
C9—C10—H10B | 120.0 | C19—C20—H20B | 120.0 |
H10A—C10—H10B | 120.0 | H20A—C20—H20B | 120.0 |
C1—N1—N2 | 103.1 (2) | C11—N4—N5 | 103.0 (2) |
C7—N2—N1 | 114.7 (2) | C17—N5—N4 | 114.8 (2) |
C7—N2—C8 | 126.3 (2) | C17—N5—C18 | 126.9 (2) |
N1—N2—C8 | 119.0 (2) | N4—N5—C18 | 118.3 (2) |
O2—N3—O1 | 122.8 (2) | O3—N6—O4 | 122.8 (2) |
O2—N3—C2 | 118.7 (2) | O3—N6—C12 | 118.6 (2) |
O1—N3—C2 | 118.5 (2) | O4—N6—C12 | 118.5 (2) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C10—H10A···N2 | 0.93 | 2.60 | 2.907 (3) | 100 |
C5—H5···O1i | 0.93 | 2.49 | 3.4004 (19) | 165 |
C8—H8A···O4ii | 0.97 | 2.45 | 3.205 (2) | 134 |
C15—H15···O4i | 0.93 | 2.49 | 3.3986 (19) | 167 |
Symmetry codes: (i) x, y+1, z; (ii) −x+1, −y+1, −z+2. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C10—H10A···N2 | 0.93 | 2.60 | 2.907 (3) | 100 |
C5—H5···O1i | 0.93 | 2.49 | 3.4004 (19) | 165 |
C8—H8A···O4ii | 0.97 | 2.45 | 3.205 (2) | 134 |
C15—H15···O4i | 0.93 | 2.49 | 3.3986 (19) | 167 |
Symmetry codes: (i) x, y+1, z; (ii) −x+1, −y+1, −z+2. |
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the Unit of Support for Technical and Scientific Research (UATRS, CNRST) for the X-ray measurements.
References
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The indazole subunit in organic molecules is an important structure in many drug substances with a wide range of pharmacological effects: e.g., anti-tumor, anti-microbial, anti-platelet, anti-HIV, and anti-inflammatory (Baraldi et al., 2001; Li et al., 2003; Lee et al., 2001; Rodgers et al., 1996; Schmidt et al., 2008). The present work is a continuation of the investigation of the indazole derivatives published recently by our team (El Brahmi et al., 2012; Chicha et al., 2013).
The plot of the structure of the title compound, with two molecules in the asymmetric unit, shows them linked by a C8—H8B···N4 hydrogen bond, Fig. 1. In the molecules, the allyl groups are nearly perpendicular to indazole planes as indicated by the torsion angles of C8–C9–N1–N2 = -75.3 (2)° and C18–C19–N4–N5 = -82.2 (2)°. This is the most important difference between the two conformations of the molecules as shown in the overlay diagram of the two crystallographically independent molecules (Fig. 2). The dihedral angles of 2.7 (2) and 2.2 (2)°, respectively, between the fused ring systems and the nitro groups lead to a synperiplanar conformation for each molecule.
In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H···O (Table 2) and π—π [inter-centroid distances between centrosymmetrically related (C1–C6) rings = 3.6225 (8) Å; symmetry operation = 1-x, 1-y, 1-z] interactions, forming a three-dimensional network.