organic compounds
Methyl N-(3-cyanopicolinoyl)-L-tryptophanate
aKyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Department of Chemistry, Volodymyrska str. 64, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine, bLaboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoleculaire, UMR 7568, ENSIC, BP 451, 54001 Nancy, France, and cSTC "Institute for Single Crystals", National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Lenina ave. 60, 61001, Khar'kov, Ukraine
*Correspondence e-mail: vmedvedev@xray.isc.kharkov.com
In the title compound, C19H16N4O3, the stereocenter has an L configuration; L-tryptophan methyl ester hydrochloride being used as a starting material. The indole ring system and the pyridine ring are inclined to one another by 13.55 (14)°. In the crystal, adjacent molecules are linked via N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along the c-axis direction.
CCDC reference: 972687
Related literature
Cyano-substituted compounds, like the title compound, are useful as intermediates in the synthesis of N-hydroxybenzamidines, see: Peterlin-Mašič & Kikelj (2001). For the synthesis of the title compound, see: Devillers et al. (2002). For the biological activity of 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives, see: Kundu et al. (2012); Sakamoto et al. (2007); Tyrkov & Sukhenko (2004).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Data collection: CrysAlis PRO (Agilent, 2011); cell CrysAlis PRO; data reduction: CrysAlis PRO; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS2013 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL2013 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009); software used to prepare material for publication: OLEX2.
Supporting information
CCDC reference: 972687
10.1107/S160053681303153X/su2666sup1.cif
contains datablock I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S160053681303153X/su2666Isup2.hkl
Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S160053681303153X/su2666Isup3.cdx
Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S160053681303153X/su2666Isup4.cml
The title compound was synthesized according to the literature procedure (Devillers et al., 2002). 2-Cyanonicotinic acid (5 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (30 ml), then triethylamine (10 mmol), L-tryptophan methyl ester hydrochloride (5 mmol) and N-hydroxybenzotriazole (5 mmol) were added to the solution. The mixture was stirred at 273 K and EDCI (5.05 mmol; 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydroiodide) was added. Then, the mixture was stirred at room temperature over night. The residue was diluted in CH2Cl2, washed with a solution of 0.1M HCl (3 × 15 ml), brine (20 ml) and then dried over MgSO4 and concentrated under vacuo. The solid obtained was purified by
(CH2Cl2:MeOH 94:6). The title compound is a byproduct and crystallized as pale-yellow block-like crystals, suitable for X-ray by slow evaporation of a solution in dichloromethane and methanol (9:1).All H atoms were placed in idealized positions and constrained to ride on their parent atoms: N-H = 0.86 Å, C-H = 0.93, 0.98, 0.97 and 0.96 Å for H(aromatic), methine, methylene and methyl H atoms, respectively, with Uiso = 1.5Ueq(C-methyl) and = 1.2Ueq(N,C) for other H atoms.
Data collection: CrysAlis PRO (Agilent, 2011); cell
CrysAlis PRO (Agilent, 2011); data reduction: CrysAlis PRO (Agilent, 2011); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS2013 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL2013 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009); software used to prepare material for publication: OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009).Fig. 1. The molecular structure of the title compound, with atom labelling. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 30% probability level. |
C19H16N4O3 | F(000) = 364 |
Mr = 348.36 | Dx = 1.338 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P21 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.7107 Å |
Hall symbol: P 2yb | Cell parameters from 1601 reflections |
a = 7.473 (2) Å | θ = 3.2–32.1° |
b = 11.977 (4) Å | µ = 0.09 mm−1 |
c = 9.661 (3) Å | T = 293 K |
β = 91.01 (2)° | Block, colourless |
V = 864.6 (4) Å3 | 0.34 × 0.29 × 0.21 mm |
Z = 2 |
Agilent Xcalibur Sapphire3 diffractometer | 4832 independent reflections |
Radiation source: Enhance (Mo) X-ray Source | 2596 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.047 |
Detector resolution: 16.1827 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 30.0°, θmin = 3.2° |
ω scans | h = −10→10 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Agilent, 2011) | k = −16→16 |
Tmin = 0.753, Tmax = 1.000 | l = −13→13 |
9857 measured reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
Least-squares matrix: full | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.051 | H-atom parameters constrained |
wR(F2) = 0.133 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0481P)2] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
S = 0.93 | (Δ/σ)max = 0.002 |
4832 reflections | Δρmax = 0.20 e Å−3 |
236 parameters | Δρmin = −0.14 e Å−3 |
1 restraint | Absolute structure: Flack parameter determined using 855 quotients [(I+)-(I-)]/[(I+)+(I-)] (Parsons et al., 2013) |
64 constraints | Absolute structure parameter: −0.001 (3) |
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
C19H16N4O3 | V = 864.6 (4) Å3 |
Mr = 348.36 | Z = 2 |
Monoclinic, P21 | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 7.473 (2) Å | µ = 0.09 mm−1 |
b = 11.977 (4) Å | T = 293 K |
c = 9.661 (3) Å | 0.34 × 0.29 × 0.21 mm |
β = 91.01 (2)° |
Agilent Xcalibur Sapphire3 diffractometer | 4832 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Agilent, 2011) | 2596 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.753, Tmax = 1.000 | Rint = 0.047 |
9857 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.051 | H-atom parameters constrained |
wR(F2) = 0.133 | Δρmax = 0.20 e Å−3 |
S = 0.93 | Δρmin = −0.14 e Å−3 |
4832 reflections | Absolute structure: Flack parameter determined using 855 quotients [(I+)-(I-)]/[(I+)+(I-)] (Parsons et al., 2013) |
236 parameters | Absolute structure parameter: −0.001 (3) |
1 restraint |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
O1 | 0.3366 (4) | 0.9180 (2) | 0.4295 (2) | 0.0820 (8) | |
O2 | −0.0128 (4) | 1.0476 (3) | 0.1272 (4) | 0.0933 (9) | |
O3 | 0.1275 (3) | 1.2086 (2) | 0.1722 (3) | 0.0744 (8) | |
N1 | 0.2235 (4) | 0.7036 (2) | 0.1931 (3) | 0.0593 (7) | |
N2 | 0.4469 (6) | 0.7467 (3) | 0.6623 (4) | 0.0918 (12) | |
N3 | 0.2808 (4) | 0.9245 (2) | 0.2012 (3) | 0.0588 (7) | |
H3 | 0.2553 | 0.8865 | 0.1280 | 0.071* | |
N4 | 0.3014 (4) | 0.9839 (3) | −0.2741 (3) | 0.0649 (8) | |
H4 | 0.2870 | 0.9343 | −0.3376 | 0.078* | |
C1 | 0.2040 (5) | 0.5917 (3) | 0.1847 (4) | 0.0733 (11) | |
H1 | 0.1587 | 0.5615 | 0.1026 | 0.088* | |
C2 | 0.2477 (5) | 0.5201 (3) | 0.2913 (5) | 0.0779 (12) | |
H2 | 0.2344 | 0.4434 | 0.2802 | 0.094* | |
C3 | 0.3103 (5) | 0.5626 (4) | 0.4126 (4) | 0.0710 (10) | |
H3A | 0.3404 | 0.5156 | 0.4860 | 0.085* | |
C4 | 0.3291 (4) | 0.6783 (3) | 0.4258 (3) | 0.0565 (9) | |
C5 | 0.3958 (5) | 0.7217 (3) | 0.5548 (4) | 0.0692 (10) | |
C6 | 0.2835 (4) | 0.7458 (3) | 0.3133 (3) | 0.0540 (8) | |
C7 | 0.3022 (5) | 0.8708 (3) | 0.3205 (3) | 0.0544 (8) | |
C8 | 0.2987 (4) | 1.0447 (3) | 0.1894 (3) | 0.0534 (8) | |
H8 | 0.3446 | 1.0731 | 0.2783 | 0.064* | |
C9 | 0.1191 (5) | 1.0983 (3) | 0.1613 (3) | 0.0576 (9) | |
C10 | −0.0323 (6) | 1.2707 (4) | 0.1397 (6) | 0.0924 (15) | |
H10A | −0.0786 | 1.2479 | 0.0508 | 0.139* | |
H10B | −0.0049 | 1.3490 | 0.1377 | 0.139* | |
H10C | −0.1201 | 1.2567 | 0.2089 | 0.139* | |
C11 | 0.4336 (5) | 1.0773 (3) | 0.0766 (3) | 0.0611 (9) | |
H11A | 0.4658 | 1.1551 | 0.0895 | 0.073* | |
H11B | 0.5414 | 1.0333 | 0.0906 | 0.073* | |
C12 | 0.3694 (4) | 1.0617 (3) | −0.0696 (3) | 0.0555 (8) | |
C13 | 0.3676 (5) | 0.9647 (3) | −0.1435 (3) | 0.0628 (9) | |
H13 | 0.4058 | 0.8957 | −0.1100 | 0.075* | |
C14 | 0.2617 (5) | 1.0954 (3) | −0.2872 (3) | 0.0558 (9) | |
C15 | 0.3002 (4) | 1.1473 (3) | −0.1602 (3) | 0.0521 (8) | |
C16 | 0.2762 (5) | 1.2624 (3) | −0.1484 (4) | 0.0651 (10) | |
H16 | 0.3016 | 1.2987 | −0.0653 | 0.078* | |
C17 | 0.2146 (6) | 1.3211 (3) | −0.2616 (5) | 0.0776 (12) | |
H17 | 0.1990 | 1.3979 | −0.2546 | 0.093* | |
C18 | 0.1748 (5) | 1.2681 (4) | −0.3863 (5) | 0.0800 (12) | |
H18 | 0.1324 | 1.3099 | −0.4610 | 0.096* | |
C19 | 0.1972 (5) | 1.1552 (4) | −0.4010 (3) | 0.0680 (10) | |
H19 | 0.1701 | 1.1197 | −0.4843 | 0.082* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
O1 | 0.138 (2) | 0.0690 (16) | 0.0390 (13) | 0.0108 (16) | −0.0117 (14) | −0.0018 (12) |
O2 | 0.0744 (18) | 0.0795 (19) | 0.125 (3) | −0.0159 (16) | −0.0208 (17) | 0.0269 (18) |
O3 | 0.0749 (18) | 0.0649 (16) | 0.0831 (18) | 0.0101 (13) | −0.0101 (13) | −0.0138 (13) |
N1 | 0.0617 (18) | 0.0628 (18) | 0.0533 (18) | 0.0036 (14) | −0.0028 (14) | −0.0073 (14) |
N2 | 0.136 (3) | 0.090 (2) | 0.0489 (19) | 0.045 (2) | −0.0133 (19) | 0.0005 (18) |
N3 | 0.0815 (19) | 0.0571 (17) | 0.0374 (15) | −0.0026 (15) | −0.0072 (13) | −0.0031 (12) |
N4 | 0.088 (2) | 0.0628 (18) | 0.0445 (17) | −0.0164 (16) | 0.0091 (14) | −0.0101 (14) |
C1 | 0.074 (3) | 0.071 (3) | 0.074 (3) | −0.003 (2) | −0.008 (2) | −0.014 (2) |
C2 | 0.075 (3) | 0.060 (2) | 0.099 (4) | −0.0003 (19) | −0.003 (2) | 0.002 (2) |
C3 | 0.072 (2) | 0.067 (2) | 0.074 (3) | 0.010 (2) | −0.004 (2) | 0.012 (2) |
C4 | 0.0557 (19) | 0.063 (2) | 0.051 (2) | 0.0115 (15) | 0.0030 (15) | 0.0044 (16) |
C5 | 0.087 (3) | 0.066 (2) | 0.054 (2) | 0.026 (2) | 0.0042 (19) | 0.0076 (19) |
C6 | 0.0508 (19) | 0.064 (2) | 0.0478 (19) | 0.0073 (16) | 0.0032 (14) | −0.0031 (16) |
C7 | 0.063 (2) | 0.064 (2) | 0.0362 (18) | 0.0110 (16) | −0.0013 (15) | 0.0013 (15) |
C8 | 0.069 (2) | 0.0526 (19) | 0.0380 (16) | −0.0012 (16) | −0.0088 (14) | −0.0014 (15) |
C9 | 0.061 (2) | 0.065 (2) | 0.0465 (18) | −0.0050 (17) | 0.0004 (15) | 0.0072 (16) |
C10 | 0.079 (3) | 0.084 (3) | 0.114 (4) | 0.028 (2) | −0.002 (2) | −0.002 (3) |
C11 | 0.064 (2) | 0.066 (2) | 0.0531 (19) | −0.0022 (18) | −0.0010 (15) | 0.0000 (17) |
C12 | 0.0613 (19) | 0.0580 (19) | 0.0474 (17) | −0.0095 (17) | 0.0079 (14) | −0.0039 (16) |
C13 | 0.079 (2) | 0.058 (2) | 0.051 (2) | −0.0090 (18) | 0.0086 (17) | −0.0012 (17) |
C14 | 0.060 (2) | 0.061 (2) | 0.0473 (18) | −0.0087 (16) | 0.0130 (15) | 0.0006 (16) |
C15 | 0.0559 (18) | 0.0554 (19) | 0.0454 (17) | −0.0082 (16) | 0.0117 (14) | −0.0022 (16) |
C16 | 0.073 (2) | 0.061 (2) | 0.062 (2) | −0.0071 (18) | 0.0122 (18) | −0.0032 (19) |
C17 | 0.080 (3) | 0.067 (2) | 0.087 (3) | 0.003 (2) | 0.021 (2) | 0.005 (2) |
C18 | 0.080 (3) | 0.092 (3) | 0.069 (3) | 0.009 (2) | 0.015 (2) | 0.018 (2) |
C19 | 0.071 (2) | 0.088 (3) | 0.0456 (19) | −0.007 (2) | 0.0086 (16) | 0.0029 (19) |
O1—C7 | 1.219 (4) | C8—H8 | 0.9800 |
O2—C9 | 1.199 (4) | C8—C9 | 1.507 (5) |
O3—C9 | 1.327 (4) | C8—C11 | 1.547 (4) |
O3—C10 | 1.437 (5) | C10—H10A | 0.9600 |
N1—C1 | 1.351 (5) | C10—H10B | 0.9600 |
N1—C6 | 1.337 (4) | C10—H10C | 0.9600 |
N2—C5 | 1.141 (5) | C11—H11A | 0.9700 |
N3—H3 | 0.8600 | C11—H11B | 0.9700 |
N3—C7 | 1.327 (4) | C11—C12 | 1.495 (5) |
N3—C8 | 1.451 (4) | C12—C13 | 1.364 (5) |
N4—H4 | 0.8600 | C12—C15 | 1.438 (5) |
N4—C13 | 1.366 (4) | C13—H13 | 0.9300 |
N4—C14 | 1.374 (5) | C14—C15 | 1.401 (4) |
C1—H1 | 0.9300 | C14—C19 | 1.391 (5) |
C1—C2 | 1.375 (6) | C15—C16 | 1.394 (5) |
C2—H2 | 0.9300 | C16—H16 | 0.9300 |
C2—C3 | 1.354 (6) | C16—C17 | 1.372 (6) |
C3—H3A | 0.9300 | C17—H17 | 0.9300 |
C3—C4 | 1.399 (6) | C17—C18 | 1.389 (6) |
C4—C5 | 1.431 (5) | C18—H18 | 0.9300 |
C4—C6 | 1.392 (5) | C18—C19 | 1.370 (6) |
C6—C7 | 1.505 (5) | C19—H19 | 0.9300 |
C9—O3—C10 | 117.4 (3) | O3—C10—H10A | 109.5 |
C6—N1—C1 | 117.5 (3) | O3—C10—H10B | 109.5 |
C7—N3—H3 | 118.7 | O3—C10—H10C | 109.5 |
C7—N3—C8 | 122.7 (3) | H10A—C10—H10B | 109.5 |
C8—N3—H3 | 118.7 | H10A—C10—H10C | 109.5 |
C13—N4—H4 | 125.6 | H10B—C10—H10C | 109.5 |
C13—N4—C14 | 108.9 (3) | C8—C11—H11A | 108.4 |
C14—N4—H4 | 125.6 | C8—C11—H11B | 108.4 |
N1—C1—H1 | 118.3 | H11A—C11—H11B | 107.4 |
N1—C1—C2 | 123.4 (4) | C12—C11—C8 | 115.6 (3) |
C2—C1—H1 | 118.3 | C12—C11—H11A | 108.4 |
C1—C2—H2 | 120.4 | C12—C11—H11B | 108.4 |
C3—C2—C1 | 119.2 (4) | C13—C12—C11 | 126.9 (3) |
C3—C2—H2 | 120.4 | C13—C12—C15 | 106.8 (3) |
C2—C3—H3A | 120.5 | C15—C12—C11 | 126.3 (3) |
C2—C3—C4 | 119.0 (4) | N4—C13—H13 | 125.1 |
C4—C3—H3A | 120.5 | C12—C13—N4 | 109.9 (3) |
C3—C4—C5 | 118.1 (3) | C12—C13—H13 | 125.1 |
C6—C4—C3 | 118.7 (3) | N4—C14—C15 | 108.0 (3) |
C6—C4—C5 | 123.1 (3) | N4—C14—C19 | 130.1 (3) |
N2—C5—C4 | 173.8 (4) | C19—C14—C15 | 121.8 (3) |
N1—C6—C4 | 122.2 (3) | C14—C15—C12 | 106.4 (3) |
N1—C6—C7 | 116.5 (3) | C16—C15—C12 | 134.5 (3) |
C4—C6—C7 | 121.3 (3) | C16—C15—C14 | 119.0 (3) |
O1—C7—N3 | 123.1 (3) | C15—C16—H16 | 120.5 |
O1—C7—C6 | 121.3 (3) | C17—C16—C15 | 118.9 (4) |
N3—C7—C6 | 115.6 (3) | C17—C16—H16 | 120.5 |
N3—C8—H8 | 107.9 | C16—C17—H17 | 119.3 |
N3—C8—C9 | 110.7 (3) | C16—C17—C18 | 121.3 (4) |
N3—C8—C11 | 111.6 (3) | C18—C17—H17 | 119.3 |
C9—C8—H8 | 107.9 | C17—C18—H18 | 119.5 |
C9—C8—C11 | 110.8 (3) | C19—C18—C17 | 121.1 (4) |
C11—C8—H8 | 107.9 | C19—C18—H18 | 119.5 |
O2—C9—O3 | 124.3 (3) | C14—C19—H19 | 121.1 |
O2—C9—C8 | 124.0 (3) | C18—C19—C14 | 117.8 (4) |
O3—C9—C8 | 111.6 (3) | C18—C19—H19 | 121.1 |
N1—C1—C2—C3 | 1.4 (6) | C8—C11—C12—C13 | −81.6 (4) |
N1—C6—C7—O1 | 171.7 (3) | C8—C11—C12—C15 | 99.6 (4) |
N1—C6—C7—N3 | −8.9 (4) | C9—C8—C11—C12 | −50.2 (4) |
N3—C8—C9—O2 | −13.3 (5) | C10—O3—C9—O2 | −0.6 (6) |
N3—C8—C9—O3 | 169.9 (3) | C10—O3—C9—C8 | 176.3 (3) |
N3—C8—C11—C12 | 73.6 (4) | C11—C8—C9—O2 | 111.1 (4) |
N4—C14—C15—C12 | 1.3 (3) | C11—C8—C9—O3 | −65.8 (4) |
N4—C14—C15—C16 | 178.0 (3) | C11—C12—C13—N4 | −179.2 (3) |
N4—C14—C19—C18 | −177.9 (3) | C11—C12—C15—C14 | 178.4 (3) |
C1—N1—C6—C4 | 1.5 (5) | C11—C12—C15—C16 | 2.4 (6) |
C1—N1—C6—C7 | −179.4 (3) | C12—C15—C16—C17 | 176.0 (3) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | −0.1 (6) | C13—N4—C14—C15 | −1.4 (4) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | −179.9 (3) | C13—N4—C14—C19 | 177.7 (3) |
C2—C3—C4—C6 | −0.3 (5) | C13—C12—C15—C14 | −0.7 (3) |
C3—C4—C6—N1 | −0.4 (5) | C13—C12—C15—C16 | −176.6 (4) |
C3—C4—C6—C7 | −179.4 (3) | C14—N4—C13—C12 | 1.0 (4) |
C4—C6—C7—O1 | −9.2 (5) | C14—C15—C16—C17 | 0.4 (5) |
C4—C6—C7—N3 | 170.1 (3) | C15—C12—C13—N4 | −0.2 (4) |
C5—C4—C6—N1 | 179.2 (3) | C15—C14—C19—C18 | 1.2 (5) |
C5—C4—C6—C7 | 0.1 (5) | C15—C16—C17—C18 | 0.4 (6) |
C6—N1—C1—C2 | −2.0 (6) | C16—C17—C18—C19 | −0.5 (6) |
C7—N3—C8—C9 | −109.7 (4) | C17—C18—C19—C14 | −0.3 (5) |
C7—N3—C8—C11 | 126.5 (3) | C19—C14—C15—C12 | −178.0 (3) |
C8—N3—C7—O1 | 0.8 (6) | C19—C14—C15—C16 | −1.2 (5) |
C8—N3—C7—C6 | −178.5 (3) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N4—H4···O1i | 0.86 | 2.29 | 2.987 (3) | 138 |
Symmetry code: (i) x, y, z−1. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N4—H4···O1i | 0.86 | 2.29 | 2.987 (3) | 137.6 |
Symmetry code: (i) x, y, z−1. |
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Cyano substituted compounds like the title compound are useful as intermediates in the synthesis of N-hydroxybenzamidines (Peterlin-Mašič & Kikelj, 2001). Substituted N-hydroxybenzamidines as well as their heterocyclic analogs are key intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceutically important derivatives of 1,2,4-oxadiazole. The latter are well known for their anticancer (Kundu et al., 2012), anti-HIV (Sakamoto et al., 2007), and anti-microbial activities (Tyrkov & Sukhenko, 2004). In our studies on N-hydroxyamidines, of a heterocyclic nature from corresponding cyano derivatives, we synthesized the title compound and report herein on its crystal structure.
The molecular structure of the title compound is illustrated in Fig. 1. The stereo center, C8, has an L-configuration similar to the starting material L-tryptophan methyl ester hydrochloride. The dihedral angle between the indole ring system (N4/C12-C19; maximum deviation 0.033 (3) Å for atom C15) and pyridine ring (N1/C1-C4/C6) is 13.55 (14)°.
In the crystal, adjacent molecules are linked via N—H···O hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along the c axis direction (Table 1).