metal-organic compounds
1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)piperazine-1,4-diium tetrachloridocobalt(II) monohydrate
aLaboratoire de Matériaux et Cristallochimie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Manar II Tunis, Tunisia
*Correspondence e-mail: habib.boughzala@ipein.rnu.tn
The 10H16N2O)[CoCl4]·H2O, consists of a tetrahedral [CoCl4]2− anion, together with a [C10H18N2O]2+ cation and a water molecule. Crystal cohesion is achieved through N—H⋯Cl, O—H⋯Cl and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between organic cations, inorganic anions and the water molecules, building up a three-dimensional network.
of the title inorganic–organic hybrid compound, (CCCDC reference: 949157
Related literature
For spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of hybrid compounds, see: Bu et al. (2001). For a similar structural arrangement, see: Azadbakht et al. (2012). For the coordination of cobalt, see: Reiss (2013); Oh et al. (2011).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Data collection: CAD-4 EXPRESS (Enraf–Nonius, 1994); cell CAD-4 EXPRESS; data reduction: XCAD4 (Harms & Wocadlo, 1995); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: publCIF (Westrip, 2010).
Supporting information
CCDC reference: 949157
10.1107/S1600536814001767/cq2009sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, New_Global_Publ_Block. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536814001767/cq2009Isup2.hkl
A mixture of chloride cobalt (II) CoCl2·H2O (0.24 g) and 1-acetyl-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)piperazine (C12H16N2O2) (0.11 g) (molar ratio 1:1) was dissolved in an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid. The mixture was stirred then kept at room temperature. Blue crystals of the title compound were obtained two weeks later. The (1-hydroxyphenyl) cations are formed by loss of the acetyl group on acid hydrolysis.
The hydrogen atoms were located in difference Fourier maps. Those attached to carbon were placed in calculated positions (C—H = 0.86 – 1.00 Å) while those attached to nitrogen and oxygen were placed in the experimental positions and their coordinates adjusted to give N—H = 0.83 Å and O—H = 0.81 Å. All were included as riding contributions with isotropic displacement parameters 1.2 - 1.5 times those of the attached atoms.
Recently, the synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid compounds has attracted increasing interest, not only from a structural point of view, but also because of their diverse optical properties and various applications in catalysis, electrical conductivity and
(Bu et al., 2001).Here we report the synthesis and structural characterisation of the organic-inorganic hybrid compound, (1-hydroxyphenyl)piperazine-1,4-diium tetrachloridocobalt(II) monohydrate, [C10H18N2O] [CoCl4]·H2O.
The
of this compound is composed of one tetrachlorocobalt(II) anion, one organic cation and one isolated water molecule, as shown in Figure 1. The coordination geometry of the Co(II) ion is tetrahedral with Co—Cl bond lengths ranging from 2.2475 (7) to 2.2868 (7) Å, as observed in similar compounds (Oh et al.; 2011), (Reiss; 2013), (Azadbakht et al.; 2012).The CoCl4 groups are isolated (0-D anionic network) and connected to three organic cations by N—H···Cl and O—H···Cl hydrogen bonds and to two water molecules by O—H···Cl hydrogen bonds.
The organic cation, [C10H18N2O]2+, contains a piperazindium ring in a chair conformation and a planar aromatic ring (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0119 Å). The angle between the mean planes of the phenyl and piperazindium rings is about 78.0°. The
can be described as alternating stacking of organic and inorganic layers along [011], as shown in Figure 2. Water molecules link adjacent inorganic sheets.The stability and the cohesion between the different components of the structure are assured by the water molecules connected to the organic cations through N—H···O hydrogen bonds and to the tetrahedral vertices of the tetrachlorocobalt (II) anions to build up a three-dimensional network.
For spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of hyybrid compounds, see: Bu et al. (2001). For a similar structural arrangement, see: Azadbakht et al. (2012). For the mixed coordination of cobalt, see: Reiss (2013); Oh et al. (2011).
Data collection: CAD-4 EXPRESS (Enraf–Nonius, 1994); cell
CAD-4 EXPRESS (Enraf–Nonius, 1994); data reduction: XCAD4 (Harms & Wocadlo, 1995); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: publCIF (Westrip, 2010).Fig. 1. An ORTEP of the molecular entities of [C10H18N2O] [CoCl4]·H2O showing the atom numbering scheme. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at 50% probability level. Symmetry codes: (i) x, y - 1, z; (ii) -x, -y + 1, -z + 1; (iii) -x, -y + 1, -z; (iv) x + 1, y, z; (v) -x + 1, -y + 1, -z + 1. | |
Fig. 2. Projection of the [C10H18N2O] [CoCl4]·H2O structure showing the hydrogen bonds as dashed lines and the alternating stacking of organic and inorganic layers along [011]. |
(C10H16N2O)[CoCl4]·H2O | Z = 2 |
Mr = 398.99 | F(000) = 406 |
Triclinic, P1 | Dx = 1.609 Mg m−3 |
Hall symbol: -P 1 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
a = 7.455 (1) Å | Cell parameters from 25 reflections |
b = 8.002 (2) Å | θ = 10–15° |
c = 14.105 (1) Å | µ = 1.69 mm−1 |
α = 91.72 (1)° | T = 298 K |
β = 96.98 (1)° | Prism, blue |
γ = 99.19 (1)° | 0.6 × 0.3 × 0.2 mm |
V = 823.4 (2) Å3 |
Enraf–Nonius CAD-4 diffractometer | 3110 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | Rint = 0.027 |
Graphite monochromator | θmax = 27.0°, θmin = 2.6° |
non–profiled ω/2θ scans | h = −9→1 |
Absorption correction: ψ scan (North et al., 1968) | k = −10→10 |
Tmin = 0.607, Tmax = 0.712 | l = −17→17 |
4220 measured reflections | 2 standard reflections every 120 min |
3586 independent reflections | intensity decay: 1% |
Refinement on F2 | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
Least-squares matrix: full | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.037 | All H-atom parameters refined |
wR(F2) = 0.102 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0592P)2 + 0.2936P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
S = 1.08 | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
3586 reflections | Δρmax = 0.73 e Å−3 |
245 parameters | Δρmin = −0.45 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Extinction correction: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), Fc*=kFc[1+0.001xFc2λ3/sin(2θ)]-1/4 |
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods | Extinction coefficient: 0.019 (2) |
(C10H16N2O)[CoCl4]·H2O | γ = 99.19 (1)° |
Mr = 398.99 | V = 823.4 (2) Å3 |
Triclinic, P1 | Z = 2 |
a = 7.455 (1) Å | Mo Kα radiation |
b = 8.002 (2) Å | µ = 1.69 mm−1 |
c = 14.105 (1) Å | T = 298 K |
α = 91.72 (1)° | 0.6 × 0.3 × 0.2 mm |
β = 96.98 (1)° |
Enraf–Nonius CAD-4 diffractometer | 3110 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Absorption correction: ψ scan (North et al., 1968) | Rint = 0.027 |
Tmin = 0.607, Tmax = 0.712 | 2 standard reflections every 120 min |
4220 measured reflections | intensity decay: 1% |
3586 independent reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.037 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.102 | All H-atom parameters refined |
S = 1.08 | Δρmax = 0.73 e Å−3 |
3586 reflections | Δρmin = −0.45 e Å−3 |
245 parameters |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
Co | 0.13891 (4) | 0.68672 (4) | 0.31676 (2) | 0.03430 (13) | |
Cl1 | −0.02197 (8) | 0.72320 (8) | 0.44103 (4) | 0.04349 (16) | |
Cl2 | 0.43614 (7) | 0.72221 (8) | 0.37771 (4) | 0.04201 (16) | |
Cl3 | 0.09100 (10) | 0.89884 (9) | 0.21635 (5) | 0.05405 (19) | |
Cl4 | 0.04924 (9) | 0.43236 (8) | 0.23402 (5) | 0.0534 (2) | |
N1 | 0.6315 (3) | 0.2602 (2) | 0.20897 (12) | 0.0300 (4) | |
N2 | 0.6528 (3) | 0.1678 (3) | 0.40592 (14) | 0.0362 (4) | |
O | 0.3173 (3) | 0.2976 (3) | −0.16914 (12) | 0.0487 (4) | |
OW | 0.2791 (3) | 0.1012 (3) | 0.42756 (18) | 0.0602 (6) | |
C1 | 0.3886 (3) | 0.2802 (3) | −0.07645 (16) | 0.0375 (5) | |
C2 | 0.2788 (4) | 0.2306 (4) | −0.00674 (18) | 0.0475 (6) | |
C3 | 0.3570 (3) | 0.2225 (4) | 0.08687 (17) | 0.0447 (6) | |
C4 | 0.5440 (3) | 0.2645 (3) | 0.10896 (15) | 0.0319 (4) | |
C5 | 0.6549 (3) | 0.3101 (3) | 0.03969 (17) | 0.0395 (5) | |
C6 | 0.5760 (4) | 0.3167 (3) | −0.05438 (17) | 0.0422 (5) | |
C7 | 0.6411 (4) | 0.3453 (3) | 0.37993 (17) | 0.0416 (5) | |
C8 | 0.5389 (4) | 0.3477 (3) | 0.28063 (17) | 0.0402 (5) | |
C9 | 0.6456 (4) | 0.0825 (3) | 0.23609 (17) | 0.0363 (5) | |
C10 | 0.7445 (3) | 0.0816 (3) | 0.33578 (17) | 0.0379 (5) | |
HWA | 0.193 (6) | 0.050 (5) | 0.384 (3) | 0.082 (12)* | |
HWB | 0.227 (6) | 0.161 (5) | 0.454 (3) | 0.080 (13)* | |
H1 | 0.213 (5) | 0.259 (5) | −0.172 (3) | 0.066 (11)* | |
H2 | 0.144 (4) | 0.201 (4) | −0.019 (2) | 0.055 (8)* | |
H3 | 0.284 (4) | 0.180 (4) | 0.134 (2) | 0.054 (8)* | |
H5 | 0.781 (4) | 0.344 (4) | 0.056 (2) | 0.052 (8)* | |
H6 | 0.646 (4) | 0.344 (4) | −0.102 (2) | 0.052 (8)* | |
H7A | 0.578 (5) | 0.390 (4) | 0.426 (2) | 0.064 (9)* | |
H7B | 0.769 (5) | 0.410 (4) | 0.385 (2) | 0.054 (8)* | |
H8A | 0.415 (4) | 0.288 (4) | 0.278 (2) | 0.052 (8)* | |
H8B | 0.531 (4) | 0.449 (4) | 0.264 (2) | 0.051 (8)* | |
H9A | 0.528 (5) | 0.019 (4) | 0.231 (2) | 0.054 (8)* | |
H9B | 0.718 (4) | 0.045 (4) | 0.191 (2) | 0.045 (7)* | |
H10A | 0.749 (4) | −0.027 (4) | 0.353 (2) | 0.047 (7)* | |
H10B | 0.865 (4) | 0.147 (4) | 0.340 (2) | 0.045 (7)* | |
H1N | 0.752 (4) | 0.317 (4) | 0.209 (2) | 0.046 (7)* | |
H2NA | 0.551 (5) | 0.113 (4) | 0.411 (2) | 0.063 (10)* | |
H2NB | 0.722 (4) | 0.175 (4) | 0.464 (2) | 0.046 (8)* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
Co | 0.03205 (18) | 0.03383 (18) | 0.03517 (19) | 0.00247 (12) | 0.00115 (12) | 0.00040 (12) |
Cl1 | 0.0365 (3) | 0.0511 (3) | 0.0436 (3) | 0.0088 (2) | 0.0072 (2) | −0.0033 (2) |
Cl2 | 0.0314 (3) | 0.0489 (3) | 0.0448 (3) | 0.0073 (2) | 0.0020 (2) | −0.0056 (2) |
Cl3 | 0.0535 (4) | 0.0515 (4) | 0.0533 (4) | 0.0005 (3) | −0.0020 (3) | 0.0208 (3) |
Cl4 | 0.0400 (3) | 0.0473 (3) | 0.0682 (4) | −0.0050 (3) | 0.0099 (3) | −0.0209 (3) |
N1 | 0.0349 (9) | 0.0261 (8) | 0.0281 (8) | 0.0025 (7) | 0.0030 (7) | 0.0021 (6) |
N2 | 0.0353 (10) | 0.0397 (10) | 0.0316 (9) | 0.0020 (8) | 0.0003 (8) | 0.0082 (8) |
O | 0.0569 (12) | 0.0537 (11) | 0.0325 (9) | 0.0054 (9) | −0.0026 (8) | 0.0072 (7) |
OW | 0.0417 (10) | 0.0598 (13) | 0.0764 (15) | 0.0048 (9) | 0.0080 (10) | −0.0254 (11) |
C1 | 0.0479 (13) | 0.0318 (10) | 0.0322 (11) | 0.0078 (9) | 0.0015 (9) | 0.0000 (8) |
C2 | 0.0400 (13) | 0.0566 (15) | 0.0408 (13) | −0.0031 (11) | −0.0019 (10) | 0.0074 (11) |
C3 | 0.0384 (12) | 0.0569 (15) | 0.0347 (12) | −0.0052 (11) | 0.0037 (10) | 0.0090 (10) |
C4 | 0.0378 (11) | 0.0266 (9) | 0.0301 (10) | 0.0036 (8) | 0.0014 (8) | 0.0009 (7) |
C5 | 0.0371 (12) | 0.0469 (13) | 0.0350 (11) | 0.0074 (10) | 0.0053 (9) | 0.0024 (9) |
C6 | 0.0466 (13) | 0.0491 (13) | 0.0322 (11) | 0.0070 (11) | 0.0107 (10) | 0.0042 (10) |
C7 | 0.0589 (15) | 0.0334 (11) | 0.0323 (11) | 0.0088 (11) | 0.0046 (10) | −0.0006 (9) |
C8 | 0.0569 (15) | 0.0344 (11) | 0.0340 (11) | 0.0193 (11) | 0.0079 (10) | 0.0032 (9) |
C9 | 0.0458 (13) | 0.0257 (10) | 0.0375 (12) | 0.0092 (9) | 0.0013 (10) | 0.0017 (8) |
C10 | 0.0395 (12) | 0.0332 (11) | 0.0413 (12) | 0.0096 (10) | −0.0003 (9) | 0.0071 (9) |
Co—Cl2 | 2.2475 (7) | C2—C3 | 1.385 (3) |
Co—Cl4 | 2.2772 (7) | C2—H2 | 0.99 (3) |
Co—Cl1 | 2.2777 (7) | C3—C4 | 1.376 (3) |
Co—Cl3 | 2.2868 (7) | C3—H3 | 0.95 (3) |
N1—C4 | 1.484 (3) | C4—C5 | 1.376 (3) |
N1—C9 | 1.500 (3) | C5—C6 | 1.391 (3) |
N1—C8 | 1.506 (3) | C5—H5 | 0.94 (3) |
N1—H1N | 0.94 (3) | C6—H6 | 0.91 (3) |
N2—C10 | 1.482 (3) | C7—C8 | 1.513 (3) |
N2—C7 | 1.491 (3) | C7—H7A | 0.94 (3) |
N2—H2NA | 0.83 (4) | C7—H7B | 1.00 (3) |
N2—H2NB | 0.91 (3) | C8—H8A | 0.96 (3) |
O—C1 | 1.370 (3) | C8—H8B | 0.86 (3) |
O—H1 | 0.79 (4) | C9—C10 | 1.507 (3) |
OW—HWA | 0.87 (4) | C9—H9A | 0.93 (3) |
OW—HWB | 0.77 (4) | C9—H9B | 0.95 (3) |
C1—C6 | 1.376 (4) | C10—H10A | 0.92 (3) |
C1—C2 | 1.382 (4) | C10—H10B | 0.96 (3) |
Cl2—Co—Cl4 | 111.38 (3) | C3—C4—N1 | 120.36 (19) |
Cl2—Co—Cl1 | 106.87 (3) | C4—C5—C6 | 119.3 (2) |
Cl4—Co—Cl1 | 113.97 (3) | C4—C5—H5 | 120.3 (19) |
Cl2—Co—Cl3 | 109.60 (3) | C6—C5—H5 | 120.3 (19) |
Cl4—Co—Cl3 | 108.94 (3) | C1—C6—C5 | 119.6 (2) |
Cl1—Co—Cl3 | 105.87 (3) | C1—C6—H6 | 119.3 (19) |
C4—N1—C9 | 111.55 (16) | C5—C6—H6 | 121.1 (19) |
C4—N1—C8 | 113.32 (17) | N2—C7—C8 | 110.53 (19) |
C9—N1—C8 | 110.62 (17) | N2—C7—H7A | 106 (2) |
C4—N1—H1N | 105.0 (18) | C8—C7—H7A | 111 (2) |
C9—N1—H1N | 106.4 (18) | N2—C7—H7B | 108.3 (18) |
C8—N1—H1N | 109.6 (17) | C8—C7—H7B | 111.9 (18) |
C10—N2—C7 | 110.87 (18) | H7A—C7—H7B | 109 (3) |
C10—N2—H2NA | 111 (2) | N1—C8—C7 | 110.1 (2) |
C7—N2—H2NA | 112 (2) | N1—C8—H8A | 107.9 (19) |
C10—N2—H2NB | 109.1 (18) | C7—C8—H8A | 110.1 (19) |
C7—N2—H2NB | 106.2 (18) | N1—C8—H8B | 109 (2) |
H2NA—N2—H2NB | 108 (3) | C7—C8—H8B | 112 (2) |
C1—O—H1 | 105 (3) | H8A—C8—H8B | 107 (3) |
HWA—OW—HWB | 102 (4) | N1—C9—C10 | 110.75 (18) |
O—C1—C6 | 117.2 (2) | N1—C9—H9A | 108.8 (19) |
O—C1—C2 | 122.2 (2) | C10—C9—H9A | 111.0 (19) |
C6—C1—C2 | 120.6 (2) | N1—C9—H9B | 103.1 (17) |
C1—C2—C3 | 119.9 (2) | C10—C9—H9B | 109.7 (17) |
C1—C2—H2 | 123.5 (18) | H9A—C9—H9B | 113 (2) |
C3—C2—H2 | 116.6 (18) | N2—C10—C9 | 110.96 (19) |
C4—C3—C2 | 119.1 (2) | N2—C10—H10A | 108.8 (18) |
C4—C3—H3 | 120.2 (18) | C9—C10—H10A | 110.8 (18) |
C2—C3—H3 | 120.5 (18) | N2—C10—H10B | 104.4 (17) |
C5—C4—C3 | 121.4 (2) | C9—C10—H10B | 110.3 (17) |
C5—C4—N1 | 118.25 (19) | H10A—C10—H10B | 111 (2) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
OW—HWA···Cl3i | 0.87 (4) | 2.59 (4) | 3.381 (3) | 150 (4) |
OW—HWB···Cl1ii | 0.78 (4) | 2.51 (4) | 3.264 (3) | 164 (4) |
O—H1···Cl3iii | 0.79 (4) | 2.41 (4) | 3.177 (3) | 165 (4) |
N1—H1N···Cl4iv | 0.94 (3) | 2.24 (3) | 3.171 (2) | 170 (2) |
N2—H2NA···OW | 0.83 (4) | 2.06 (4) | 2.807 (2) | 151 (3) |
N2—H2NB···Cl1v | 0.91 (3) | 2.47 (3) | 3.267 (2) | 147 (2) |
N2—H2NB···Cl2v | 0.91 (3) | 2.81 (3) | 3.324 (2) | 117 (2) |
Symmetry codes: (i) x, y−1, z; (ii) −x, −y+1, −z+1; (iii) −x, −y+1, −z; (iv) x+1, y, z; (v) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
OW—HWA···Cl3i | 0.87 (4) | 2.59 (4) | 3.381 (3) | 150 (4) |
OW—HWB···Cl1ii | 0.78 (4) | 2.51 (4) | 3.264 (3) | 164 (4) |
O—H1···Cl3iii | 0.79 (4) | 2.41 (4) | 3.177 (3) | 165 (4) |
N1—H1N···Cl4iv | 0.94 (3) | 2.24 (3) | 3.171 (2) | 170 (2) |
N2—H2NA···OW | 0.83 (4) | 2.06 (4) | 2.807 (2) | 151 (3) |
N2—H2NB···Cl1v | 0.91 (3) | 2.47 (3) | 3.267 (2) | 147 (2) |
N2—H2NB···Cl2v | 0.91 (3) | 2.81 (3) | 3.324 (2) | 117 (2) |
Symmetry codes: (i) x, y−1, z; (ii) −x, −y+1, −z+1; (iii) −x, −y+1, −z; (iv) x+1, y, z; (v) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1. |
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Recently, the synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid compounds has attracted increasing interest, not only from a structural point of view, but also because of their diverse optical properties and various applications in catalysis, electrical conductivity and photochemistry (Bu et al., 2001).
Here we report the synthesis and structural characterisation of the organic-inorganic hybrid compound, (1-hydroxyphenyl)piperazine-1,4-diium tetrachloridocobalt(II) monohydrate, [C10H18N2O] [CoCl4]·H2O.
The asymmetric unit of this compound is composed of one tetrachlorocobalt(II) anion, one organic cation and one isolated water molecule, as shown in Figure 1. The coordination geometry of the Co(II) ion is tetrahedral with Co—Cl bond lengths ranging from 2.2475 (7) to 2.2868 (7) Å, as observed in similar compounds (Oh et al.; 2011), (Reiss; 2013), (Azadbakht et al.; 2012).
The CoCl4 groups are isolated (0-D anionic network) and connected to three organic cations by N—H···Cl and O—H···Cl hydrogen bonds and to two water molecules by O—H···Cl hydrogen bonds.
The organic cation, [C10H18N2O]2+, contains a piperazindium ring in a chair conformation and a planar aromatic ring (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0119 Å). The angle between the mean planes of the phenyl and piperazindium rings is about 78.0°. The crystal structure can be described as alternating stacking of organic and inorganic layers along [011], as shown in Figure 2. Water molecules link adjacent inorganic sheets.
The stability and the cohesion between the different components of the structure are assured by the water molecules connected to the organic cations through N—H···O hydrogen bonds and to the tetrahedral vertices of the tetrachlorocobalt (II) anions to build up a three-dimensional network.