research communications
RS,5RS,7SR)-4-[(1RS,2RS,3RS,6RS)-3-benzoyloxy-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methoxymethoxy-2-methylcyclohexyl]-8,10,10-trimethyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-8-en-7-yl benzoate benzene monosolvate
of (±)-(4aSchool of Medicine, Keio University, Hiyoshi 4-1-1, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8521, Japan, and bDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi 3-14-1, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
*Correspondence e-mail: oec@a6.keio.jp
In the title compound, C36H44O10·C6H6, the dioxolane ring adopts an with the C atom bonded to the H atom as the flap, while the cyclohexene and cyclohexane rings are in half-chair and chair conformations, respectively. In the crystal, a pair of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds with an R22(26) graph-set motif connect the benzoate molecules into an inversion dimer. The dimers are linked by a weak C—H⋯O interaction into a tape structure along [01-1]. The benzene molecule links the tapes through C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π interactions, forming a sheet parallel to (100).
Keywords: crystal structure; hydrogen bonds; taxane skeleton; paclitaxel.
CCDC reference: 1036428
1. Chemical context
Paclitaxel is a well-known natural diterpenoid containing a taxane framework (tricyclo[9.3.1.03,8]pentadecane; Fig. 1), with potent antitumor activity (Wall & Wani, 1995). This unique and complicated structure has attracted significant interest, and a large number of synthetic studies have been reported. In these researches, whereas some structure data after into taxane or taxoid derivatives are available (§ 4), precursors just before are very few. The title compound has been obtained in our synthetic study of paclitaxel as a precursor to build the taxane skeleton (Fukaya et al., 2014).
2. Structural commentary
The molecular structure of the title compound is shown in Fig. 2. The dioxolane ring (O1/C2/O3/C4/C5) is in an with puckering parameters of Q(2) = 0.165 (2) Å and φ(2) = 114.5 (6)°. The flap atom C4 deviates from the mean plane of other atoms by 0.270 (3) Å. The cyclohexene ring (C5–C10), which is spiro-fused to the dioxolane ring, is in a half-chair conformation with puckering parameters of Q = 0.469 (2) Å, θ = 127.5 (2)°, φ(2) = 197.2 (3)°, Q(2) = 0.372 (2) Å and Q(3) = −0.285 (2) Å. Atoms C5 and C6 deviate from the mean plane of the other atoms by −0.493 (4) and 0.212 (4) Å, respectively. The cyclohexane ring (C24–C29) is in a chair conformation with puckering parameters Q = 0.587 (2) Å, θ = 4.6 (2)°, φ = 246 (3)°, Q(2) = 0.042 (2) Å and Q(3) = 0.585 (2) Å. The large substituents (C24—C4, C25—C39, C26—O30 and C29—O42) are in the equatorial positions. The methoxymethoxy group (O42/C43/O44/C45) shows a helical form with torsion angles of 76.5 (3)° for C29—O42—C43—O44 and 64.8 (3)° for O42—C43—O44—C45 held by weak intramolecular C—H⋯O interactions (Fig. 3, Table 1). The atom pairs which may be connected by into a taxane framework are C9 and C40 (Figs. 1 and 3) with their distance being 5.831 (3) Å in the present conformation. They are expected to approach each other by rotation about the C4–C24, C25–C39 and C39–C40 bonds.
3. Supramolecular features
The crystal packing is stabilized by a pair of intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds (O41—H41⋯O14i; Table 1) with an R22(26) graph-set motif, forming an inversion dimer (Fig. 4). In the dimer, a pair of C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds (C7—H7⋯O32i; Table 1) are also observed. The dimers are further linked by a weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond (C18—H18⋯O11ii; Table 1) into a tape along [01]. The benzene molecule links adjacent tapes through C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π interactions (C49—H49⋯O11 and C27—H27A⋯Cgiii; Table 1), forming a sheet parallel to (100).
4. Database survey
In the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD, Version 5.35, November 2013; Groom & Allen, 2014), four compounds possessing a core of 6,6,8-trimethyl-1,3-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-ene are found (Fig. 5). These include its derivatives with 2-one (PUQLAO; Nishizawa et al., 1998) and 2,2-dimethyl (NEGBOQ; Poujol et al., 1997) substitutes. Another tetracyclic taxoid (ILIQUP; Ohba et al., 2003) with a core of 6,6,8-trimethyl-1,3-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one, obtained in our previous study, is closely related to the title compound. Only one crystalline compound just before is found in the literature (Nicolaou et al., 1995), however it is not registered in the CSD.
5. Synthesis and crystallization
The title compound was obtained in a synthetic study on paclitaxel. The cyclohexene unit (C5–C10) was provided according to the reported procedure (Nicolaou et al., 1995), and coupled with the substituted cyclohexane unit (C24–C29) synthesized from 3-methylanisole (Fukaya et al., 2014) by a Shapiro reaction (Nicolaou et al., 1995). Further manipulation of the functional groups afforded the title compound, which was purified by silica gel Colorless crystals were grown from a benzene solution under a pentane-saturated atmosphere by slow evaporation at ambient temperature.
6. Refinement
Crystal data, data collection and structure . C-bound H atoms were positioned geometrically with C—H = 0.95–1.00 Å, and constrained to ride on their parent atoms with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C) or 1.5Ueq(methyl C). The H atom of hydroxy group (O41) was placed guided by difference maps and then treated as riding, with O—H = 0.84 Å and with Uiso(H) = 1.5Ueq(O). 13 problematic reflections were omitted from the final refinement.
details are summarized in Table 2
|
Supporting information
CCDC reference: 1036428
https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989014026048/is5382sup1.cif
contains datablocks global, I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989014026048/is5382Isup2.hkl
Supporting information file. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989014026048/is5382Isup3.cml
Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2013); cell
SAINT (Bruker, 2013); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2013); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS2013 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL2014 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: Mercury (Macrae et al., 2006); software used to prepare material for publication: publCIF (Westrip, 2010) and PLATON (Spek, 2009).C36H44O10·C6H6 | F(000) = 764 |
Mr = 714.82 | Dx = 1.263 Mg m−3 |
Triclinic, P1 | Melting point: 459.2 K |
a = 9.6397 (6) Å | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
b = 13.6008 (8) Å | Cell parameters from 9980 reflections |
c = 15.0461 (10) Å | θ = 2.2–25.1° |
α = 83.6966 (19)° | µ = 0.09 mm−1 |
β = 77.488 (2)° | T = 90 K |
γ = 77.9768 (18)° | Plate, colorless |
V = 1879.2 (2) Å3 | 0.50 × 0.37 × 0.19 mm |
Z = 2 |
Bruker D8 Venture diffractometer | 6526 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 5180 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Multilayered confocal mirror monochromator | Rint = 0.043 |
Detector resolution: 8.333 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 25.0°, θmin = 2.2° |
φ and ω scans | h = −11→11 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2013) | k = −16→16 |
Tmin = 0.96, Tmax = 0.98 | l = −17→17 |
25389 measured reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.042 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.151 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 0.93 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0996P)2 + 1.0739P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
6526 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.023 |
475 parameters | Δρmax = 0.25 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.25 e Å−3 |
Experimental. Recrystallization from benzene, toluene, chloroform, dichloromethane, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile and methanol solutions under the air were failed. These solutions under hexane atmosphere also gave unsatisfactory results. Only the condition mentioned above has been quite effective to afford the single crystals suitable for X-ray analysis.; M.p. 458.7–459.2 K (not corrected); IR (film): 3524, 2945, 2890, 1790, 1715, 1274, 714 cm-1; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ (p.p.m.) 8.13–8.10 (m, 2H), 8.03–7.99 (m, 2H), 7.60–7.53 (m, 2H), 7.48–7.42 (m, 4H), 5.56 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 5.41 (t, J = 0.9 Hz, 1H), 5.09 (dd, J = 11.5, 4.6 Hz, 1H), 4.84 (s, 1H), 4.49 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 4.13 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 3.76–3.68 (m, 2H), 3.63 (ddd, J = 10.6, 7.2, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.08 (d, J = 14.9 Hz, 1H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 2.40 (dddd, J = 12.9, 4.3, 4.0, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 2.34 (d, J = 10.3 Hz, 1H), 2.29 (dd, J = 15.5, 6.3 Hz, 1H), 1.93 (dddd, J = 12.9, 4.3, 4.3, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 1.75 (d, J = 0.9 Hz, 3H), 1.73–1.60 (m, 3H), 1.59–1.45 (m, 2H), 1.22 (s, 3H), 1.20 (s, 3H), 1.11 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): δ (p.p.m.) 166.4 (C), 166.0 (C), 155.2 (C), 135.1 (CH), 133.4 (CH), 133.3 (CH), 130.5 (C), 130.2 (C), 130.0 (CH), 129.7 (CH), 129.0 (C), 128.7 (CH), 128.7 (CH), 97.9 (CH2), 87.1 (C), 76.9 (CH), 76.5 (CH), 75.1 (CH), 68.7 (CH), 58.3 (CH2), 54.7 (CH3), 45.9 (CH), 42.0 (C), 41.2 (C), 38.1 (CH2), 31.5 (CH2), 30.6 (CH2), 25.7 (CH3), 25.1 (CH2), 22.3 (CH3), 20.2 (CH3), 16.8 (CH3); HRMS (ESI): m/z calcd for C36H44O10Na+ [M+Na]+ 659.2832, found 659.2836. |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. Problematic 13 reflections with |I(obs)-I(calc)|/σW(I) greater than 10 (–8 –2 1, –8 –2 2, –8 –1 2, –7 –4 3, –8 –3 6, 3 11 7, 3 10 8, 0 9 9, 2 10 9, 2 8 10, 4 9 10, 2 7 11, 3 8 11) have been omitted in the final refinement. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
O1 | 0.25606 (14) | 0.79849 (9) | 0.81366 (8) | 0.0191 (3) | |
C2 | 0.2032 (2) | 0.71963 (14) | 0.79948 (13) | 0.0201 (4) | |
O3 | 0.16170 (14) | 0.73096 (9) | 0.71879 (9) | 0.0206 (3) | |
C4 | 0.2098 (2) | 0.81686 (14) | 0.66496 (13) | 0.0185 (4) | |
H4 | 0.1247 | 0.8597 | 0.6428 | 0.022* | |
C5 | 0.2481 (2) | 0.87501 (14) | 0.73783 (12) | 0.0181 (4) | |
C6 | 0.3931 (2) | 0.90852 (14) | 0.71464 (13) | 0.0194 (4) | |
H6A | 0.3918 | 0.9613 | 0.6638 | 0.023* | |
H6B | 0.4698 | 0.8506 | 0.6934 | 0.023* | |
C7 | 0.4298 (2) | 0.94956 (14) | 0.79519 (13) | 0.0204 (4) | |
H7 | 0.5042 | 0.9925 | 0.7716 | 0.024* | |
C8 | 0.3023 (2) | 1.01014 (14) | 0.85459 (13) | 0.0204 (4) | |
C9 | 0.1692 (2) | 1.01625 (14) | 0.84154 (13) | 0.0219 (4) | |
H9 | 0.094 | 1.0582 | 0.8799 | 0.026* | |
C10 | 0.1244 (2) | 0.96338 (14) | 0.77197 (13) | 0.0206 (4) | |
O11 | 0.19139 (15) | 0.64864 (10) | 0.85222 (9) | 0.0258 (3) | |
O12 | 0.48877 (14) | 0.86671 (9) | 0.85533 (9) | 0.0206 (3) | |
C13 | 0.6265 (2) | 0.82130 (14) | 0.82802 (13) | 0.0204 (4) | |
O14 | 0.70642 (15) | 0.84907 (11) | 0.76027 (10) | 0.0279 (3) | |
C15 | 0.6684 (2) | 0.73187 (15) | 0.88941 (13) | 0.0221 (4) | |
C16 | 0.8142 (2) | 0.68716 (16) | 0.88007 (14) | 0.0264 (5) | |
H16 | 0.8853 | 0.7165 | 0.8378 | 0.032* | |
C17 | 0.8556 (2) | 0.60012 (16) | 0.93234 (16) | 0.0324 (5) | |
H17 | 0.955 | 0.5699 | 0.9263 | 0.039* | |
C18 | 0.7518 (3) | 0.55705 (16) | 0.99346 (15) | 0.0328 (5) | |
H18 | 0.7799 | 0.4965 | 1.0285 | 0.039* | |
C19 | 0.6074 (3) | 0.60200 (16) | 1.00363 (15) | 0.0321 (5) | |
H19 | 0.5367 | 0.5729 | 1.0465 | 0.039* | |
C20 | 0.5651 (2) | 0.68926 (15) | 0.95176 (14) | 0.0269 (5) | |
H20 | 0.4656 | 0.7198 | 0.9588 | 0.032* | |
C21 | 0.0916 (2) | 1.04115 (15) | 0.69334 (15) | 0.0282 (5) | |
H21A | 0.0245 | 1.1008 | 0.7182 | 0.042* | |
H21B | 0.0476 | 1.0116 | 0.6524 | 0.042* | |
H21C | 0.1818 | 1.0606 | 0.6593 | 0.042* | |
C22 | −0.0155 (2) | 0.92602 (16) | 0.81716 (16) | 0.0299 (5) | |
H22A | 0.0011 | 0.8803 | 0.8705 | 0.045* | |
H22B | −0.045 | 0.8902 | 0.7734 | 0.045* | |
H22C | −0.0921 | 0.9837 | 0.8365 | 0.045* | |
C23 | 0.3361 (2) | 1.06479 (16) | 0.92679 (14) | 0.0274 (5) | |
H23A | 0.2466 | 1.1054 | 0.9587 | 0.041* | |
H23B | 0.4042 | 1.1089 | 0.8981 | 0.041* | |
H23C | 0.3795 | 1.0157 | 0.9705 | 0.041* | |
C24 | 0.3249 (2) | 0.78089 (14) | 0.58056 (13) | 0.0191 (4) | |
H24 | 0.3926 | 0.8297 | 0.5659 | 0.023* | |
C25 | 0.2548 (2) | 0.78407 (15) | 0.49501 (13) | 0.0213 (4) | |
C26 | 0.3765 (2) | 0.74420 (15) | 0.41478 (13) | 0.0224 (4) | |
H26 | 0.4423 | 0.7939 | 0.3956 | 0.027* | |
C27 | 0.4645 (2) | 0.64260 (15) | 0.43479 (14) | 0.0269 (5) | |
H27A | 0.5411 | 0.623 | 0.3809 | 0.032* | |
H27B | 0.4018 | 0.5915 | 0.4485 | 0.032* | |
C28 | 0.5328 (2) | 0.64693 (15) | 0.51624 (14) | 0.0248 (4) | |
H28A | 0.5916 | 0.5802 | 0.5296 | 0.03* | |
H28B | 0.5975 | 0.6967 | 0.5017 | 0.03* | |
C29 | 0.4158 (2) | 0.67659 (14) | 0.59900 (13) | 0.0208 (4) | |
H29 | 0.3513 | 0.6257 | 0.6133 | 0.025* | |
O30 | 0.30900 (16) | 0.73471 (10) | 0.33928 (9) | 0.0268 (3) | |
C31 | 0.3358 (2) | 0.79233 (15) | 0.26237 (13) | 0.0223 (4) | |
O32 | 0.40856 (17) | 0.85680 (11) | 0.25168 (10) | 0.0316 (4) | |
C33 | 0.2631 (2) | 0.76877 (15) | 0.19191 (13) | 0.0208 (4) | |
C34 | 0.2657 (2) | 0.83032 (15) | 0.11194 (13) | 0.0247 (5) | |
H34 | 0.3158 | 0.8849 | 0.1024 | 0.03* | |
C35 | 0.1955 (2) | 0.81243 (17) | 0.04616 (14) | 0.0286 (5) | |
H35 | 0.1968 | 0.855 | −0.0084 | 0.034* | |
C36 | 0.1237 (2) | 0.73291 (18) | 0.05975 (14) | 0.0330 (5) | |
H36 | 0.075 | 0.7209 | 0.0147 | 0.04* | |
C37 | 0.1222 (3) | 0.67046 (18) | 0.13876 (15) | 0.0344 (5) | |
H37 | 0.0732 | 0.6153 | 0.1476 | 0.041* | |
C38 | 0.1919 (2) | 0.68816 (16) | 0.20503 (14) | 0.0296 (5) | |
H38 | 0.1909 | 0.6452 | 0.2593 | 0.036* | |
C39 | 0.1840 (2) | 0.89252 (15) | 0.46698 (14) | 0.0253 (5) | |
H39A | 0.1477 | 0.8901 | 0.4107 | 0.03* | |
H39B | 0.0986 | 0.9141 | 0.5153 | 0.03* | |
C40 | 0.2753 (2) | 0.97374 (15) | 0.44990 (15) | 0.0303 (5) | |
H40A | 0.3069 | 0.982 | 0.5066 | 0.036* | |
H40B | 0.3627 | 0.954 | 0.4023 | 0.036* | |
O41 | 0.1917 (2) | 1.06636 (12) | 0.42091 (11) | 0.0461 (5) | |
H41 | 0.2305 | 1.0848 | 0.3679 | 0.069* | |
O42 | 0.47536 (14) | 0.68229 (10) | 0.67742 (9) | 0.0223 (3) | |
C43 | 0.5313 (3) | 0.58881 (17) | 0.71882 (16) | 0.0364 (6) | |
H43A | 0.5402 | 0.599 | 0.7814 | 0.044* | |
H43B | 0.4618 | 0.5432 | 0.724 | 0.044* | |
O44 | 0.6660 (2) | 0.54241 (13) | 0.67142 (12) | 0.0538 (5) | |
C45 | 0.7765 (3) | 0.5978 (3) | 0.6691 (3) | 0.0826 (13) | |
H45A | 0.7436 | 0.6683 | 0.6492 | 0.124* | |
H45B | 0.8639 | 0.5691 | 0.6262 | 0.124* | |
H45C | 0.7983 | 0.5943 | 0.7301 | 0.124* | |
C46 | 0.1359 (2) | 0.72061 (16) | 0.51442 (14) | 0.0273 (5) | |
H46A | 0.096 | 0.7225 | 0.4595 | 0.041* | |
H46B | 0.0588 | 0.748 | 0.5644 | 0.041* | |
H46C | 0.1771 | 0.6508 | 0.5318 | 0.041* | |
C47 | 0.1268 (2) | 0.40365 (17) | 0.63928 (16) | 0.0345 (5) | |
H47 | 0.0799 | 0.4303 | 0.59 | 0.041* | |
C48 | 0.1481 (2) | 0.46772 (17) | 0.69805 (16) | 0.0343 (5) | |
H48 | 0.1157 | 0.5383 | 0.6892 | 0.041* | |
C49 | 0.2161 (2) | 0.42938 (16) | 0.76949 (16) | 0.0335 (5) | |
H49 | 0.2298 | 0.4736 | 0.8102 | 0.04* | |
C50 | 0.2644 (3) | 0.32710 (17) | 0.78217 (16) | 0.0356 (5) | |
H50 | 0.3119 | 0.3008 | 0.8312 | 0.043* | |
C51 | 0.2433 (3) | 0.26278 (17) | 0.72304 (16) | 0.0350 (5) | |
H51 | 0.2769 | 0.1923 | 0.7314 | 0.042* | |
C52 | 0.1735 (2) | 0.30103 (17) | 0.65192 (16) | 0.0329 (5) | |
H52 | 0.1578 | 0.2569 | 0.6119 | 0.04* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
O1 | 0.0219 (7) | 0.0173 (7) | 0.0177 (7) | −0.0039 (5) | −0.0048 (5) | 0.0020 (5) |
C2 | 0.0178 (10) | 0.0194 (10) | 0.0209 (10) | −0.0022 (8) | −0.0001 (8) | −0.0021 (8) |
O3 | 0.0242 (7) | 0.0203 (7) | 0.0186 (7) | −0.0082 (6) | −0.0052 (6) | 0.0023 (5) |
C4 | 0.0169 (10) | 0.0187 (10) | 0.0202 (10) | −0.0046 (7) | −0.0050 (8) | 0.0029 (8) |
C5 | 0.0185 (10) | 0.0174 (9) | 0.0168 (9) | −0.0019 (7) | −0.0045 (8) | 0.0045 (8) |
C6 | 0.0198 (10) | 0.0191 (10) | 0.0190 (10) | −0.0024 (8) | −0.0063 (8) | 0.0030 (8) |
C7 | 0.0214 (10) | 0.0179 (10) | 0.0223 (10) | −0.0037 (8) | −0.0089 (8) | 0.0056 (8) |
C8 | 0.0252 (11) | 0.0160 (9) | 0.0202 (10) | −0.0040 (8) | −0.0065 (8) | 0.0021 (8) |
C9 | 0.0240 (11) | 0.0171 (10) | 0.0229 (10) | −0.0012 (8) | −0.0040 (8) | −0.0005 (8) |
C10 | 0.0165 (10) | 0.0198 (10) | 0.0255 (10) | −0.0021 (8) | −0.0060 (8) | −0.0011 (8) |
O11 | 0.0350 (8) | 0.0217 (7) | 0.0201 (7) | −0.0099 (6) | −0.0021 (6) | 0.0025 (6) |
O12 | 0.0216 (7) | 0.0199 (7) | 0.0212 (7) | −0.0036 (6) | −0.0088 (6) | 0.0026 (6) |
C13 | 0.0185 (10) | 0.0228 (10) | 0.0232 (10) | −0.0073 (8) | −0.0083 (8) | −0.0012 (8) |
O14 | 0.0221 (8) | 0.0314 (8) | 0.0292 (8) | −0.0074 (6) | −0.0062 (6) | 0.0090 (6) |
C15 | 0.0234 (11) | 0.0225 (10) | 0.0220 (10) | −0.0046 (8) | −0.0083 (8) | 0.0000 (8) |
C16 | 0.0227 (11) | 0.0294 (11) | 0.0286 (11) | −0.0074 (9) | −0.0074 (9) | 0.0006 (9) |
C17 | 0.0279 (12) | 0.0309 (12) | 0.0389 (13) | −0.0003 (9) | −0.0163 (10) | 0.0041 (10) |
C18 | 0.0432 (14) | 0.0257 (11) | 0.0294 (12) | −0.0017 (10) | −0.0157 (10) | 0.0064 (9) |
C19 | 0.0397 (13) | 0.0277 (12) | 0.0258 (11) | −0.0066 (10) | −0.0023 (10) | 0.0034 (9) |
C20 | 0.0264 (11) | 0.0275 (11) | 0.0248 (11) | −0.0033 (9) | −0.0046 (9) | 0.0022 (9) |
C21 | 0.0295 (11) | 0.0220 (11) | 0.0359 (12) | 0.0001 (9) | −0.0170 (10) | −0.0024 (9) |
C22 | 0.0181 (11) | 0.0296 (12) | 0.0413 (13) | −0.0026 (9) | −0.0032 (9) | −0.0092 (10) |
C23 | 0.0284 (11) | 0.0287 (11) | 0.0265 (11) | −0.0050 (9) | −0.0080 (9) | −0.0042 (9) |
C24 | 0.0206 (10) | 0.0190 (10) | 0.0188 (10) | −0.0053 (8) | −0.0060 (8) | 0.0013 (8) |
C25 | 0.0249 (11) | 0.0238 (10) | 0.0171 (10) | −0.0059 (8) | −0.0087 (8) | 0.0022 (8) |
C26 | 0.0293 (11) | 0.0230 (10) | 0.0180 (10) | −0.0079 (8) | −0.0093 (8) | 0.0001 (8) |
C27 | 0.0346 (12) | 0.0238 (11) | 0.0212 (10) | −0.0040 (9) | −0.0041 (9) | −0.0024 (9) |
C28 | 0.0275 (11) | 0.0201 (10) | 0.0248 (11) | 0.0016 (8) | −0.0056 (9) | −0.0038 (8) |
C29 | 0.0228 (10) | 0.0209 (10) | 0.0195 (10) | −0.0027 (8) | −0.0083 (8) | 0.0003 (8) |
O30 | 0.0391 (9) | 0.0297 (8) | 0.0164 (7) | −0.0147 (7) | −0.0100 (6) | 0.0027 (6) |
C31 | 0.0229 (10) | 0.0226 (10) | 0.0191 (10) | −0.0027 (8) | −0.0018 (8) | 0.0011 (8) |
O32 | 0.0425 (9) | 0.0319 (8) | 0.0260 (8) | −0.0188 (7) | −0.0114 (7) | 0.0054 (6) |
C33 | 0.0200 (10) | 0.0236 (10) | 0.0165 (10) | −0.0013 (8) | −0.0003 (8) | −0.0039 (8) |
C34 | 0.0237 (11) | 0.0251 (11) | 0.0227 (10) | −0.0014 (8) | −0.0022 (8) | −0.0013 (9) |
C35 | 0.0271 (11) | 0.0364 (12) | 0.0180 (10) | 0.0023 (9) | −0.0036 (9) | −0.0017 (9) |
C36 | 0.0323 (12) | 0.0495 (14) | 0.0196 (11) | −0.0069 (10) | −0.0068 (9) | −0.0109 (10) |
C37 | 0.0412 (13) | 0.0407 (13) | 0.0272 (12) | −0.0188 (11) | −0.0063 (10) | −0.0072 (10) |
C38 | 0.0351 (12) | 0.0334 (12) | 0.0218 (11) | −0.0120 (10) | −0.0039 (9) | −0.0012 (9) |
C39 | 0.0263 (11) | 0.0296 (11) | 0.0181 (10) | 0.0001 (9) | −0.0077 (8) | 0.0029 (8) |
C40 | 0.0350 (12) | 0.0222 (11) | 0.0282 (11) | 0.0008 (9) | −0.0038 (9) | 0.0043 (9) |
O41 | 0.0580 (11) | 0.0276 (9) | 0.0340 (9) | 0.0095 (8) | 0.0067 (8) | 0.0132 (7) |
O42 | 0.0253 (7) | 0.0208 (7) | 0.0203 (7) | 0.0018 (6) | −0.0096 (6) | −0.0009 (6) |
C43 | 0.0510 (15) | 0.0277 (12) | 0.0318 (12) | 0.0042 (11) | −0.0239 (11) | 0.0017 (10) |
O44 | 0.0635 (12) | 0.0453 (10) | 0.0521 (11) | 0.0305 (9) | −0.0381 (10) | −0.0268 (9) |
C45 | 0.0367 (17) | 0.125 (3) | 0.092 (3) | 0.0260 (18) | −0.0341 (17) | −0.067 (2) |
C46 | 0.0288 (11) | 0.0358 (12) | 0.0211 (10) | −0.0119 (9) | −0.0099 (9) | 0.0026 (9) |
C47 | 0.0288 (12) | 0.0347 (13) | 0.0369 (13) | −0.0037 (10) | −0.0053 (10) | 0.0033 (10) |
C48 | 0.0286 (12) | 0.0248 (11) | 0.0432 (14) | −0.0022 (9) | 0.0024 (10) | 0.0006 (10) |
C49 | 0.0366 (13) | 0.0272 (12) | 0.0351 (13) | −0.0088 (10) | 0.0008 (10) | −0.0063 (10) |
C50 | 0.0390 (13) | 0.0334 (13) | 0.0345 (13) | −0.0102 (10) | −0.0070 (10) | 0.0028 (10) |
C51 | 0.0368 (13) | 0.0249 (12) | 0.0415 (14) | −0.0055 (10) | −0.0063 (11) | 0.0020 (10) |
C52 | 0.0337 (13) | 0.0287 (12) | 0.0365 (13) | −0.0090 (10) | −0.0034 (10) | −0.0043 (10) |
O1—C2 | 1.334 (2) | C27—C28 | 1.523 (3) |
O1—C5 | 1.461 (2) | C27—H27A | 0.99 |
C2—O11 | 1.189 (2) | C27—H27B | 0.99 |
C2—O3 | 1.342 (2) | C28—C29 | 1.516 (3) |
O3—C4 | 1.446 (2) | C28—H28A | 0.99 |
C4—C24 | 1.544 (3) | C28—H28B | 0.99 |
C4—C5 | 1.566 (3) | C29—O42 | 1.435 (2) |
C4—H4 | 1.0 | C29—H29 | 1.0 |
C5—C6 | 1.517 (3) | O30—C31 | 1.333 (2) |
C5—C10 | 1.550 (3) | C31—O32 | 1.209 (2) |
C6—C7 | 1.524 (3) | C31—C33 | 1.486 (3) |
C6—H6A | 0.99 | C33—C38 | 1.385 (3) |
C6—H6B | 0.99 | C33—C34 | 1.387 (3) |
C7—O12 | 1.464 (2) | C34—C35 | 1.381 (3) |
C7—C8 | 1.501 (3) | C34—H34 | 0.95 |
C7—H7 | 1.0 | C35—C36 | 1.375 (3) |
C8—C9 | 1.324 (3) | C35—H35 | 0.95 |
C8—C23 | 1.507 (3) | C36—C37 | 1.382 (3) |
C9—C10 | 1.513 (3) | C36—H36 | 0.95 |
C9—H9 | 0.95 | C37—C38 | 1.383 (3) |
C10—C22 | 1.534 (3) | C37—H37 | 0.95 |
C10—C21 | 1.538 (3) | C38—H38 | 0.95 |
O12—C13 | 1.338 (2) | C39—C40 | 1.519 (3) |
C13—O14 | 1.213 (2) | C39—H39A | 0.99 |
C13—C15 | 1.485 (3) | C39—H39B | 0.99 |
C15—C20 | 1.388 (3) | C40—O41 | 1.427 (3) |
C15—C16 | 1.393 (3) | C40—H40A | 0.99 |
C16—C17 | 1.383 (3) | C40—H40B | 0.99 |
C16—H16 | 0.95 | O41—H41 | 0.84 |
C17—C18 | 1.385 (3) | O42—C43 | 1.408 (2) |
C17—H17 | 0.95 | C43—O44 | 1.396 (3) |
C18—C19 | 1.381 (3) | C43—H43A | 0.99 |
C18—H18 | 0.95 | C43—H43B | 0.99 |
C19—C20 | 1.385 (3) | O44—C45 | 1.420 (4) |
C19—H19 | 0.95 | C45—H45A | 0.98 |
C20—H20 | 0.95 | C45—H45B | 0.98 |
C21—H21A | 0.98 | C45—H45C | 0.98 |
C21—H21B | 0.98 | C46—H46A | 0.98 |
C21—H21C | 0.98 | C46—H46B | 0.98 |
C22—H22A | 0.98 | C46—H46C | 0.98 |
C22—H22B | 0.98 | C47—C52 | 1.380 (3) |
C22—H22C | 0.98 | C47—C48 | 1.380 (3) |
C23—H23A | 0.98 | C47—H47 | 0.95 |
C23—H23B | 0.98 | C48—C49 | 1.378 (3) |
C23—H23C | 0.98 | C48—H48 | 0.95 |
C24—C29 | 1.536 (3) | C49—C50 | 1.378 (3) |
C24—C25 | 1.571 (2) | C49—H49 | 0.95 |
C24—H24 | 1.0 | C50—C51 | 1.386 (3) |
C25—C46 | 1.535 (3) | C50—H50 | 0.95 |
C25—C26 | 1.547 (3) | C51—C52 | 1.383 (3) |
C25—C39 | 1.545 (3) | C51—H51 | 0.95 |
C26—O30 | 1.455 (2) | C52—H52 | 0.95 |
C26—C27 | 1.500 (3) | C9—C40 | 5.831 (3) |
C26—H26 | 1.0 | ||
C2—O1—C5 | 110.64 (14) | C27—C26—C25 | 114.64 (16) |
O11—C2—O1 | 124.53 (18) | O30—C26—H26 | 109.1 |
O11—C2—O3 | 123.74 (17) | C27—C26—H26 | 109.1 |
O1—C2—O3 | 111.71 (16) | C25—C26—H26 | 109.1 |
C2—O3—C4 | 110.32 (14) | C26—C27—C28 | 109.18 (16) |
O3—C4—C24 | 109.71 (15) | C26—C27—H27A | 109.8 |
O3—C4—C5 | 102.47 (14) | C28—C27—H27A | 109.8 |
C24—C4—C5 | 120.64 (15) | C26—C27—H27B | 109.8 |
O3—C4—H4 | 107.8 | C28—C27—H27B | 109.8 |
C24—C4—H4 | 107.8 | H27A—C27—H27B | 108.3 |
C5—C4—H4 | 107.8 | C29—C28—C27 | 110.00 (16) |
O1—C5—C6 | 106.35 (14) | C29—C28—H28A | 109.7 |
O1—C5—C10 | 107.29 (14) | C27—C28—H28A | 109.7 |
C6—C5—C10 | 110.80 (15) | C29—C28—H28B | 109.7 |
O1—C5—C4 | 101.92 (14) | C27—C28—H28B | 109.7 |
C6—C5—C4 | 117.25 (15) | H28A—C28—H28B | 108.2 |
C10—C5—C4 | 112.21 (15) | O42—C29—C28 | 111.95 (15) |
C5—C6—C7 | 112.96 (16) | O42—C29—C24 | 106.93 (15) |
C5—C6—H6A | 109.0 | C28—C29—C24 | 110.66 (16) |
C7—C6—H6A | 109.0 | O42—C29—H29 | 109.1 |
C5—C6—H6B | 109.0 | C28—C29—H29 | 109.1 |
C7—C6—H6B | 109.0 | C24—C29—H29 | 109.1 |
H6A—C6—H6B | 107.8 | C31—O30—C26 | 119.33 (15) |
O12—C7—C8 | 105.62 (15) | O32—C31—O30 | 124.21 (18) |
O12—C7—C6 | 110.35 (14) | O32—C31—C33 | 124.19 (18) |
C8—C7—C6 | 114.15 (16) | O30—C31—C33 | 111.59 (16) |
O12—C7—H7 | 108.9 | C38—C33—C34 | 119.78 (19) |
C8—C7—H7 | 108.9 | C38—C33—C31 | 121.56 (18) |
C6—C7—H7 | 108.9 | C34—C33—C31 | 118.65 (18) |
C9—C8—C7 | 120.99 (18) | C35—C34—C33 | 120.20 (19) |
C9—C8—C23 | 122.92 (19) | C35—C34—H34 | 119.9 |
C7—C8—C23 | 116.07 (17) | C33—C34—H34 | 119.9 |
C8—C9—C10 | 126.79 (18) | C36—C35—C34 | 119.9 (2) |
C8—C9—H9 | 116.6 | C36—C35—H35 | 120.1 |
C10—C9—H9 | 116.6 | C34—C35—H35 | 120.1 |
C9—C10—C22 | 108.36 (17) | C35—C36—C37 | 120.3 (2) |
C9—C10—C21 | 108.05 (16) | C35—C36—H36 | 119.9 |
C22—C10—C21 | 108.13 (16) | C37—C36—H36 | 119.9 |
C9—C10—C5 | 109.25 (15) | C38—C37—C36 | 120.1 (2) |
C22—C10—C5 | 111.47 (16) | C38—C37—H37 | 119.9 |
C21—C10—C5 | 111.47 (16) | C36—C37—H37 | 119.9 |
C13—O12—C7 | 117.11 (14) | C37—C38—C33 | 119.7 (2) |
O14—C13—O12 | 123.85 (17) | C37—C38—H38 | 120.1 |
O14—C13—C15 | 124.22 (18) | C33—C38—H38 | 120.1 |
O12—C13—C15 | 111.92 (16) | C40—C39—C25 | 118.35 (17) |
C20—C15—C16 | 119.80 (18) | C40—C39—H39A | 107.7 |
C20—C15—C13 | 121.31 (18) | C25—C39—H39A | 107.7 |
C16—C15—C13 | 118.79 (18) | C40—C39—H39B | 107.7 |
C17—C16—C15 | 120.06 (19) | C25—C39—H39B | 107.7 |
C17—C16—H16 | 120.0 | H39A—C39—H39B | 107.1 |
C15—C16—H16 | 120.0 | O41—C40—C39 | 109.16 (18) |
C18—C17—C16 | 119.9 (2) | O41—C40—H40A | 109.8 |
C18—C17—H17 | 120.0 | C39—C40—H40A | 109.8 |
C16—C17—H17 | 120.0 | O41—C40—H40B | 109.8 |
C19—C18—C17 | 120.1 (2) | C39—C40—H40B | 109.8 |
C19—C18—H18 | 120.0 | H40A—C40—H40B | 108.3 |
C17—C18—H18 | 120.0 | C40—O41—H41 | 109.5 |
C18—C19—C20 | 120.4 (2) | C43—O42—C29 | 115.15 (15) |
C18—C19—H19 | 119.8 | O44—C43—O42 | 113.8 (2) |
C20—C19—H19 | 119.8 | O44—C43—H43A | 108.8 |
C15—C20—C19 | 119.7 (2) | O42—C43—H43A | 108.8 |
C15—C20—H20 | 120.1 | O44—C43—H43B | 108.8 |
C19—C20—H20 | 120.1 | O42—C43—H43B | 108.8 |
C10—C21—H21A | 109.5 | H43A—C43—H43B | 107.7 |
C10—C21—H21B | 109.5 | C43—O44—C45 | 112.71 (19) |
H21A—C21—H21B | 109.5 | O44—C45—H45A | 109.5 |
C10—C21—H21C | 109.5 | O44—C45—H45B | 109.5 |
H21A—C21—H21C | 109.5 | H45A—C45—H45B | 109.5 |
H21B—C21—H21C | 109.5 | O44—C45—H45C | 109.5 |
C10—C22—H22A | 109.5 | H45A—C45—H45C | 109.5 |
C10—C22—H22B | 109.5 | H45B—C45—H45C | 109.5 |
H22A—C22—H22B | 109.5 | C25—C46—H46A | 109.5 |
C10—C22—H22C | 109.5 | C25—C46—H46B | 109.5 |
H22A—C22—H22C | 109.5 | H46A—C46—H46B | 109.5 |
H22B—C22—H22C | 109.5 | C25—C46—H46C | 109.5 |
C8—C23—H23A | 109.5 | H46A—C46—H46C | 109.5 |
C8—C23—H23B | 109.5 | H46B—C46—H46C | 109.5 |
H23A—C23—H23B | 109.5 | C52—C47—C48 | 120.1 (2) |
C8—C23—H23C | 109.5 | C52—C47—H47 | 119.9 |
H23A—C23—H23C | 109.5 | C48—C47—H47 | 119.9 |
H23B—C23—H23C | 109.5 | C49—C48—C47 | 120.1 (2) |
C29—C24—C4 | 112.45 (15) | C49—C48—H48 | 120.0 |
C29—C24—C25 | 111.56 (15) | C47—C48—H48 | 120.0 |
C4—C24—C25 | 111.32 (15) | C48—C49—C50 | 120.2 (2) |
C29—C24—H24 | 107.1 | C48—C49—H49 | 119.9 |
C4—C24—H24 | 107.1 | C50—C49—H49 | 119.9 |
C25—C24—H24 | 107.1 | C49—C50—C51 | 119.7 (2) |
C46—C25—C26 | 110.71 (16) | C49—C50—H50 | 120.2 |
C46—C25—C39 | 107.03 (16) | C51—C50—H50 | 120.2 |
C26—C25—C39 | 108.36 (15) | C52—C51—C50 | 120.2 (2) |
C46—C25—C24 | 111.22 (15) | C52—C51—H51 | 119.9 |
C26—C25—C24 | 107.84 (15) | C50—C51—H51 | 119.9 |
C39—C25—C24 | 111.66 (15) | C47—C52—C51 | 119.7 (2) |
O30—C26—C27 | 106.89 (15) | C47—C52—H52 | 120.2 |
O30—C26—C25 | 107.73 (15) | C51—C52—H52 | 120.2 |
C5—O1—C2—O11 | −176.77 (18) | C5—C4—C24—C29 | 87.2 (2) |
C5—O1—C2—O3 | 1.9 (2) | O3—C4—C24—C25 | 94.64 (17) |
O11—C2—O3—C4 | −171.43 (18) | C5—C4—C24—C25 | −146.76 (16) |
O1—C2—O3—C4 | 9.9 (2) | C29—C24—C25—C46 | 69.7 (2) |
C2—O3—C4—C24 | 113.11 (16) | C4—C24—C25—C46 | −56.9 (2) |
C2—O3—C4—C5 | −16.21 (18) | C29—C24—C25—C26 | −51.9 (2) |
C2—O1—C5—C6 | −134.83 (16) | C4—C24—C25—C26 | −178.43 (15) |
C2—O1—C5—C10 | 106.55 (16) | C29—C24—C25—C39 | −170.86 (16) |
C2—O1—C5—C4 | −11.50 (18) | C4—C24—C25—C39 | 62.6 (2) |
O3—C4—C5—O1 | 16.00 (16) | C46—C25—C26—O30 | 50.78 (19) |
C24—C4—C5—O1 | −106.16 (17) | C39—C25—C26—O30 | −66.31 (18) |
O3—C4—C5—C6 | 131.61 (16) | C24—C25—C26—O30 | 172.66 (14) |
C24—C4—C5—C6 | 9.4 (2) | C46—C25—C26—C27 | −68.1 (2) |
O3—C4—C5—C10 | −98.47 (16) | C39—C25—C26—C27 | 174.86 (16) |
C24—C4—C5—C10 | 139.36 (17) | C24—C25—C26—C27 | 53.8 (2) |
O1—C5—C6—C7 | −57.91 (19) | O30—C26—C27—C28 | −177.59 (15) |
C10—C5—C6—C7 | 58.4 (2) | C25—C26—C27—C28 | −58.3 (2) |
C4—C5—C6—C7 | −171.06 (15) | C26—C27—C28—C29 | 59.7 (2) |
C5—C6—C7—O12 | 81.26 (19) | C27—C28—C29—O42 | −179.61 (15) |
C5—C6—C7—C8 | −37.5 (2) | C27—C28—C29—C24 | −60.4 (2) |
O12—C7—C8—C9 | −114.50 (19) | C4—C24—C29—O42 | −54.6 (2) |
C6—C7—C8—C9 | 6.9 (3) | C25—C24—C29—O42 | 179.52 (14) |
O12—C7—C8—C23 | 67.2 (2) | C4—C24—C29—C28 | −176.75 (15) |
C6—C7—C8—C23 | −171.41 (16) | C25—C24—C29—C28 | 57.4 (2) |
C7—C8—C9—C10 | 2.7 (3) | C27—C26—O30—C31 | −120.95 (19) |
C23—C8—C9—C10 | −179.15 (18) | C25—C26—O30—C31 | 115.37 (18) |
C8—C9—C10—C22 | 139.3 (2) | C26—O30—C31—O32 | −3.6 (3) |
C8—C9—C10—C21 | −103.8 (2) | C26—O30—C31—C33 | 177.38 (16) |
C8—C9—C10—C5 | 17.7 (3) | O32—C31—C33—C38 | 174.2 (2) |
O1—C5—C10—C9 | 69.18 (18) | O30—C31—C33—C38 | −6.9 (3) |
C6—C5—C10—C9 | −46.5 (2) | O32—C31—C33—C34 | −6.7 (3) |
C4—C5—C10—C9 | −179.68 (15) | O30—C31—C33—C34 | 172.23 (17) |
O1—C5—C10—C22 | −50.6 (2) | C38—C33—C34—C35 | 1.1 (3) |
C6—C5—C10—C22 | −166.25 (16) | C31—C33—C34—C35 | −178.07 (18) |
C4—C5—C10—C22 | 60.6 (2) | C33—C34—C35—C36 | −0.5 (3) |
O1—C5—C10—C21 | −171.49 (14) | C34—C35—C36—C37 | −0.4 (3) |
C6—C5—C10—C21 | 72.82 (19) | C35—C36—C37—C38 | 0.6 (3) |
C4—C5—C10—C21 | −60.3 (2) | C36—C37—C38—C33 | 0.0 (3) |
C8—C7—O12—C13 | −158.97 (15) | C34—C33—C38—C37 | −0.8 (3) |
C6—C7—O12—C13 | 77.20 (19) | C31—C33—C38—C37 | 178.25 (19) |
C7—O12—C13—O14 | 5.0 (3) | C46—C25—C39—C40 | 175.91 (17) |
C7—O12—C13—C15 | −173.77 (15) | C26—C25—C39—C40 | −64.7 (2) |
O14—C13—C15—C20 | −163.81 (19) | C24—C25—C39—C40 | 54.0 (2) |
O12—C13—C15—C20 | 15.0 (3) | C25—C39—C40—O41 | 177.32 (17) |
O14—C13—C15—C16 | 12.6 (3) | C28—C29—O42—C43 | −74.0 (2) |
O12—C13—C15—C16 | −168.65 (17) | C24—C29—O42—C43 | 164.63 (17) |
C20—C15—C16—C17 | 0.5 (3) | C29—O42—C43—O44 | 76.5 (2) |
C13—C15—C16—C17 | −175.95 (19) | O42—C43—O44—C45 | 64.8 (3) |
C15—C16—C17—C18 | 0.5 (3) | C52—C47—C48—C49 | 0.1 (3) |
C16—C17—C18—C19 | −1.3 (3) | C47—C48—C49—C50 | 0.6 (3) |
C17—C18—C19—C20 | 1.2 (3) | C48—C49—C50—C51 | −0.4 (3) |
C16—C15—C20—C19 | −0.6 (3) | C49—C50—C51—C52 | −0.3 (3) |
C13—C15—C20—C19 | 175.70 (19) | C48—C47—C52—C51 | −0.8 (3) |
C18—C19—C20—C15 | −0.2 (3) | C50—C51—C52—C47 | 0.9 (3) |
O3—C4—C24—C29 | −31.4 (2) |
Cg is the centroid of the C47–C52 ring. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C6—H6B···O42 | 0.99 | 2.32 | 3.095 (2) | 135 |
C28—H28A···O44 | 0.99 | 2.37 | 2.989 (3) | 120 |
O41—H41···O14i | 0.84 | 2.06 | 2.888 (2) | 170 |
C7—H7···O32i | 1.00 | 2.34 | 3.269 (2) | 155 |
C18—H18···O11ii | 0.95 | 2.53 | 3.465 (2) | 168 |
C49—H49···O11 | 0.95 | 2.46 | 3.300 (3) | 147 |
C27—H27A···Cgiii | 0.95 | 2.64 | 3.514 (2) | 147 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, −y+2, −z+1; (ii) −x+1, −y+1, −z+2; (iii) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1. |
Acknowledgements
We thank Professor S. Ohba (Keio University, Japan) and Dr K. Yoza (Bruker AXS Inc.) for providing valuable advice.
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