Crystal structure of benzene-1,3,5-tri­carb­oxy­lic acid–4-pyridone (1/3)

Staun, S.L.; Oliver, A.G.

doi:10.1107/S2056989015017867

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Volume 71| Part 11| November 2015| Pages 1283-1286

https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989015017867

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Crystal structure of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid–4-pyridone (1/3)

Selena L. Staun ^a and Allen G. Oliver ^a ^*

^aDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670, USA
^*Correspondence e-mail: aoliver2@nd.edu

Edited by M. Zeller, Youngstown State University, USA (Received 20 September 2015; accepted 23 September 2015; online 3 October 2015)

Slow co-crystallization of a solution of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid with a large excess of 4-hydroxypyridine produces an interpenetrating, three-dimensional, hydrogen-bonded framework consisting of three 4-pyridone and one benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid molecules, C₉H₆O₆·3C₅H₅NO. This structure represents an orthorhombic polymorph of the previously reported C-centered, monoclinic structure [Campos-Gaxiola et al. (2014 ). Acta Cryst. E70, o453–o454].

Keywords: crystal structure; hydrogen-bond framework; polymorph.

CCDC reference: 1427116

1. Chemical context

We have been interested in the co-crystallization properties of benzene carboxylic acid derivatives (namely: benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid) with 3- and 4-hydroxypyridines (Staun & Oliver, 2012 , 2015 ; Bhogala et al., 2005 ). A variety of 3-hydroxypyridine co-crystallants with benzene carboxylic acids have already been reported and we discontinued pursuit of those materials (Shattock et al., 2008 ). Both 4-hydroxypyridine and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid have been used extensively in both metal-organic frameworks as well as suitable donor/acceptor species in crystal engineering (see for example: Castillo et al., 2001 ; Qian et al., 2014 ). Recently we reported the characterization of the 1:1 co-crystallant 4-hydroxypyridinium 3,5-dicarboxybenzoate (Staun & Oliver, 2015). We also discovered that from similar preparative conditions (slow evaporation from methanol) with a larger molar ratio of 4-hydroxypyridine to benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (BTC) a new species could be obtained; reported herein. A comparison of the structure with the Cambridge Structure Database revealed an identical structural motif, albeit in a different crystal system (Campos-Gaxiola et al., 2014). Thus, we report the orthorhombic polymorph of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid–4-pyridone (1/3).

2. Structural commentary

The dihedral angles formed by the carboxylic acid moieties with respect to the benzene ring are 2.95 (16), 6.23 (10) and 10.28 (18)°. These are comparable with those for the previously reported polymorph of this compound [3.9 (2), 9.3 (2), and 13.3 (2)°; Campos-Gaxiola et al., 2014]. It should be noted that the 4-hydroxypyridine has undergone rearrangement from a hydroxypyridine to the pyridone form of the molecule as previously observed (Tyl et al., 2008 ). The 4-pyridone C—O bond distances range from 1.280 (8) to 1.295 (8) Å. These distances are comparable with previously reported examples of this molecule (Staun & Oliver, 2012; Tyl et al., 2008). Inspection of the bond distances about each pyridone ring shows a slight tendency for the C—C bonds α to the nitrogen [1.347 (12) to 1.371 (11) Å] to be shorter than those to the carbonyl carbon [1.410 (11) to 1.421 (10) Å]. This supports the proposed formal, localized double bond along the `edges' of the pyridone ring.

Two of the three 4-pyridone rings are co-planar with the benzene tricarboxylic acid moiety, similar to that of the previously reported structure (Campos-Gaxiola et al., 2014). The remaining 4-pyridone is essentially perpendicular to this plane, also similar to the Campos-Gaxiola structure (Table 1).

Table 1
Pyridone / BTC interplanar angles (°)

Pyridone ring	This work	Campos-Gaxiola
N1	7.3 (2)	12.9
N2	8.5 (2)	13.2
N3	87.5 (3)	87.1

3. Supramolecular features

Each of the pyridone molecules forms a hydrogen-bonded chain of symmetry-related molecules. N1 and N2 form hydrogen bonds to O1ⁱ and O2ⁱⁱ, respectively, related by the crystallographic n-glide [symmetry codes: (i) x − $[{1\over 2}]$ , −y + $[{1\over 2}]$ , z; (ii) x + $[{1\over 2}]$ , −y + $[{3\over 2}]$ , z]. N3 forms hydrogen bonds to O3ⁱⁱⁱ and O6^iv related by translation along the crystallographic c-axis and the [ $[\overline{1}]$ 01] direction, respectively [symmetry codes: (iii) x, y, z + 1; (iv) x − 1, y, z + 1). Thus N3 forms a bifurcated hydrogen bond. These chains of hydrogen-bonded pyridone molecules are bridged by the BTC molecule. Each carboxylic acid moiety on BTC donates a hydrogen bond to a nearby pyridone carbonyl oxygen (Fig. 1, Table 2). These O_COOH⋯O_py contacts are short for O—H⋯O contacts indicating strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding. As a result of the N3 pyridone being oriented almost perpendicular to the plane of the other three molecules, the resulting architecture is a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network. The BTC, N1 and N2 pyridone molecules form a graph-set R₈⁶(44) ring that is parallel with the ab plane (Macrae et al., 2008 ). This corresponds with that observed by Campos-Gaxiola et al. The BTC and N3 pyridone form an R₅⁵(30) ring that is perpendicular to the previous ring. Further inspection of this network reveals that there are two independent, interpenetrating networks (Fig. 2). The BTC molecules in the two networks form typical slipped π–π-stacks [C_g⋯C_g = 3.592 (5) Å, C_g⋯perp = 3.302 (4) Å; C_g represents the center of gravity of the ring, perp is the shortest perpendicular distance; Spek, 2009 ]. Other potential π–π contacts are beyond 4 Å. Due to the efficient packing of these molecules there is a significant number of close C—H⋯O contacts, primarily between pyridone carbon atoms and carboxylic acid oxygen atoms, with one notable example being a contact from C9 to O3^v [symmetry code: (v) x + 1, y, z].

Table 2
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

D—H⋯A	D—H	H⋯A	D⋯A	D—H⋯A
N1—H1N⋯O1ⁱ	0.88	1.89	2.762 (8)	169
N2—H2N⋯O2ⁱⁱ	0.88	1.90	2.711 (8)	152
N3—H3N⋯O3ⁱⁱⁱ	0.88	2.01	2.773 (10)	144
N3—H3N⋯O6^iv	0.88	2.59	3.124 (9)	120
O5—H5O⋯O1	0.84	1.75	2.555 (7)	161
O7—H7O⋯O2	0.84	1.73	2.463 (7)	145
O9—H9O⋯O3	0.84	1.70	2.526 (7)	167
C1—H1⋯O4ⁱ	0.95	2.38	3.227 (10)	148
C4—H4⋯O5	0.95	2.53	3.174 (9)	126
C6—H6⋯O7ⁱⁱ	0.95	2.26	3.051 (9)	140
C7—H7⋯O8ⁱⁱ	0.95	2.66	3.530 (9)	153
C9—H9⋯O3^v	0.95	2.58	3.227 (9)	126
C11—H11⋯O6^iv	0.95	2.46	3.076 (11)	123
C11—H11⋯O9^vi	0.95	2.55	3.159 (9)	122
C12—H12⋯O6^vii	0.95	2.49	3.302 (11)	143
C14—H13⋯O4^viii	0.95	2.60	3.405 (10)	143
C15—H15⋯O8ⁱⁱⁱ	0.95	2.66	3.608 (10)	178
Symmetry codes: (i) $[x-{\script{1\over 2}}, -y+{\script{1\over 2}}, z]$ ; (ii) $[x+{\script{1\over 2}}, -y+{\script{3\over 2}}, z]$ ; (iii) x, y, z+1; (iv) x-1, y, z+1; (v) x+1, y, z; (vi) $[-x, -y+1, z+{\script{1\over 2}}]$ ; (vii) x-1, y, z; (viii) $[-x+1, -y+1, z+{\script{1\over 2}}]$ .

Figure 1
Labeling scheme for title compound. Atomic displacement ellipsoids are depicted at the 50% probability level. Dashed lines represent hydrogen bonds within the asymmetric unit.

Figure 2
Space-filling views displaying the interpenetrating networks (a) along the a axis; (b) along the c axis.

4. Database survey

A search in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD, Version 5.36 plus 3 updates; Groom & Allen, 2014 ) for 4-hydroxypyridine with benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid produced only one hit. The compound is closely related to the title compound, namely: benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid-pyridinium-2-olate (1/3) (Campos-Gaxiola et al., 2014). However, the structure is reported to be in the monoclinic space group Cc.

5. Comparison with the structure of the monoclinic polymorph

Inspection of an overlay of the two structures reveals some differences between the two polymorphs (Fig. 3). The orientation of the carboxylic acid groups of the BTC in the title compound has one `reversed' with respect to the others, while the Campos-Gaxiola structure has all three oriented in the same direction, forming a propeller-like motif about the BTC. This results in a change in the hydrogen-bonding motif, reversing the orientations of the pyridone moieties. Perhaps the most prominent structural change is the orientation of the pyridone perpendicular to the plane of the BTC. In the title compound the pyridone rings are oriented with planes that are parallel to each other along the channels they occupy and are related by the screw axis parallel to the c axis. The perpendicular pyridone rings in the Campos-Gaxiola structure alternate their orientation along the channel, related by the c-glide. The change in hydrogen-bonding directionality is propagated to the orientation of the N1 and N2 pyridone chains. Examining the orientation of the carbonyl of the pyridone in these two chains reveals that the Campos-Gaxiola structure has the N1 and N2 chains oriented with the carbonyl along the a-axis forming a `parallel` alignment of the adjacent pyridone chains; again the c-glide is the cause for this arrangement. The N1 and N2 chains in the title compound adopt an `anti-parallel' orientation with carbonyls in one chain being oriented in the opposite direction to the next chain, again a function of the screw axis. This is highlighted in Fig. 3 with the pyridone chain on the left of the figure showing an overlap of the pyridone rings between the two structures and the chain on the right of the figure showing the opposite orientation of the pyridone rings.

Figure 3
Overlay of the title compound (red) with the Campos-Gaxiola (light green) structure. The BTC moiety is used as the target for overlay. The view is along the c axis of both structures. Non-H atoms depicted as arbitrary spheres, H atoms as short sticks.

6. Synthesis and crystallization

The compound was formed by dissolving 4-hydroxypyridine (0.112 g, 1.18 mmol) in methanol (3 mL) and benzene 1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (0.052 g, 0.24 mmol) in methanol (3 mL). The two solutions were combined and allowed to evaporate over 5 d yielding crystals suitable for diffraction studies. The crystallization process yields crystals of both the previously reported 1:1 co-crystal (Staun & Oliver, 2015) and those of the title compound. Presumably the differences in solvent composition and time for crystallization can yield one polymorph over the other. Several crystallization attempts were made using the methodology described herein (slow evaporation from methanol) and all yielded mixtures of the 1:1 and the 3:1 co-crystals reported herein. No evidence of the Campos-Gaxiola structure was observed within the crystals examined (reported as colorless rectangular prisms).

7. Refinement

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 3. Where possible, hydrogen atoms were initially located from a difference Fourier map and were subsequently refined using a riding model with C—H = 0.95 Å, N—H = 0.88 Å and O—H = 0.84 Å. U_iso(H) was set to 1.2U_eq(C/N) and 1.5U_eq(O). The reliability for the correct enantiomorph of the space group is low, due to the use of Mo Kα radiation with a light atom structure. Analysis of the Flack x [0.1 (10); Flack, 1983 ], Hooft y [0.2 (10); Hooft et al., 2008 ] and Parsons z [−0.2 (12); Parsons et al., 2013 ] parameters tends to indicate that the correct enantiomorph of the space group and absolute structure has been determined (Flack & Bernardinelli, 1999 ). Since these values are not close to zero the model could be refined as a racemic twin. However, this does not yield new or useful information and we have retained the standard model.

Table 3
Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formula	C₉H₆O₆·3C₅H₅NO
M_r	495.44
Crystal system, space group	Orthorhombic, Pna2₁
Temperature (K)	120
a, b, c (Å)	12.699 (3), 26.498 (6), 6.6591 (14)
V (Å³)	2240.9 (8)
Z	4
Radiation type	Mo Kα
μ (mm⁻¹)	0.11
Crystal size (mm)	0.11 × 0.07 × 0.05

Data collection
Diffractometer	Bruker APEXII
Absorption correction	Multi-scan (SADABS; Krause et al., 2015 )
T_min, T_max	0.647, 0.745
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections	19034, 3257, 2418
R_int	0.109
θ_max (°)	23.4
(sin θ/λ)_max (Å⁻¹)	0.558

Refinement
R[F² > 2σ(F²)], wR(F²), S	0.069, 0.171, 1.04
No. of reflections	3257
No. of parameters	328
No. of restraints	1
H-atom treatment	H-atom parameters constrained
Δρ_max, Δρ_min (e Å⁻³)	0.43, −0.43
Computer programs: APEX2 and SAINT (Bruker 2012 ), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008 ), SHELXL2014/7 (Sheldrick, 2015 ), OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009 ), Mercury (Macrae et al., 2008) and publCIF (Westrip, 2010 ).

Supporting information

CCDC reference: 1427116

Crystal structure: contains datablocks I, global. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989015017867/zl2644sup1.cif

Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989015017867/zl2644Isup2.hkl

checkCIF report

Computing details top

Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2012); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker 2012); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker 2012); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL2014/7 (Sheldrick, 2015); molecular graphics: OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009) and Mercury (Macrae et al., 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: publCIF (Westrip, 2010).

Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid–4-pyridone (1/3) top

Crystal data top

C₉H₆O₆·3C₅H₅NO	D_x = 1.469 Mg m⁻³
M_r = 495.44	Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Orthorhombic, Pna2₁	Cell parameters from 1078 reflections
a = 12.699 (3) Å	θ = 3.1–19.2°
b = 26.498 (6) Å	µ = 0.11 mm⁻¹
c = 6.6591 (14) Å	T = 120 K
V = 2240.9 (8) Å³	Rod, colorless
Z = 4	0.11 × 0.07 × 0.05 mm
F(000) = 1032

Data collection top

Bruker APEXII diffractometer	3257 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube	2418 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromator	R_int = 0.109
Detector resolution: 8.33 pixels mm^-1	θ_max = 23.4°, θ_min = 1.5°
combination of ω and φ–scans	h = −14→14
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Krause et al., 2015)	k = −29→29
T_min = 0.647, T_max = 0.745	l = −7→7
19034 measured reflections

Refinement top

Refinement on F²	Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
Least-squares matrix: full	Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
R[F² > 2σ(F²)] = 0.069	H-atom parameters constrained
wR(F²) = 0.171	w = 1/[σ²(F_o²) + (0.1002P)²] where P = (F_o² + 2F_c²)/3
S = 1.04	(Δ/σ)_max < 0.001
3257 reflections	Δρ_max = 0.43 e Å⁻³
328 parameters	Δρ_min = −0.43 e Å⁻³
1 restraint	Absolute structure: Flack x determined using 801 quotients [(I⁺)-(I^-)]/[(I⁺)+(I^-)] (Parsons et al., 2013).
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods	Absolute structure parameter: 0.1 (10)

Special details top

Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	x	y	z	U_iso*/U_eq
O1	0.4424 (4)	0.29680 (18)	0.8670 (10)	0.0258 (14)
N1	0.1387 (5)	0.2479 (3)	0.8807 (11)	0.0282 (18)
H1N	0.0730	0.2374	0.8841	0.034*
C1	0.2175 (6)	0.2147 (3)	0.9013 (15)	0.029 (2)
H1	0.2017	0.1799	0.9202	0.035*
C2	0.3205 (6)	0.2300 (3)	0.8955 (14)	0.028 (2)
H2	0.3754	0.2059	0.9094	0.034*
C3	0.3455 (5)	0.2814 (3)	0.8692 (14)	0.023 (2)
C4	0.2598 (6)	0.3152 (3)	0.8499 (14)	0.029 (2)
H4	0.2720	0.3503	0.8335	0.035*
C5	0.1594 (6)	0.2968 (3)	0.8551 (15)	0.030 (2)
H5	0.1023	0.3197	0.8400	0.036*
O2	0.7873 (4)	0.71124 (18)	0.8498 (10)	0.0258 (14)
N2	1.1005 (5)	0.7401 (2)	0.8856 (11)	0.0268 (18)
H2N	1.1684	0.7465	0.8913	0.032*
C6	1.0301 (6)	0.7782 (3)	0.9018 (15)	0.029 (2)
H6	1.0550	0.8116	0.9216	0.034*
C7	0.9253 (6)	0.7700 (3)	0.8907 (14)	0.025 (2)
H7	0.8779	0.7976	0.9023	0.030*
C8	0.8859 (5)	0.7208 (3)	0.8619 (14)	0.0216 (19)
C9	0.9618 (5)	0.6815 (3)	0.8493 (14)	0.026 (2)
H9	0.9392	0.6476	0.8330	0.031*
C10	1.0663 (6)	0.6920 (3)	0.8605 (14)	0.028 (2)
H10	1.1161	0.6654	0.8507	0.034*
O3	0.0529 (4)	0.56842 (19)	0.8945 (9)	0.0217 (14)
N3	−0.0040 (5)	0.5697 (3)	1.4925 (12)	0.0283 (19)
H3N	−0.0161	0.5691	1.6226	0.034*
C11	−0.0812 (6)	0.5564 (3)	1.3647 (15)	0.023 (2)
H11	−0.1479	0.5468	1.4167	0.028*
C12	−0.0659 (7)	0.5566 (3)	1.1636 (14)	0.025 (2)
H12	−0.1218	0.5476	1.0756	0.030*
C13	0.0335 (6)	0.5702 (3)	1.0850 (13)	0.020 (2)
C14	0.1109 (6)	0.5847 (3)	1.2259 (13)	0.023 (2)
H13	0.1780	0.5954	1.1794	0.027*
C15	0.0916 (7)	0.5838 (3)	1.4248 (13)	0.022 (2)
H15	0.1453	0.5931	1.5172	0.026*
O4	0.6262 (4)	0.39539 (18)	0.7880 (11)	0.0327 (16)
O5	0.4504 (3)	0.39158 (18)	0.7983 (10)	0.0270 (14)
H5O	0.4625	0.3607	0.8143	0.040*
O6	0.7915 (4)	0.57133 (19)	0.7531 (10)	0.0257 (14)
O7	0.6792 (4)	0.63488 (19)	0.8051 (13)	0.046 (2)
H7O	0.7346	0.6513	0.8273	0.069*
O8	0.2964 (4)	0.61537 (19)	0.7789 (11)	0.0293 (14)
O9	0.2359 (4)	0.53621 (19)	0.8195 (9)	0.0261 (15)
H9O	0.1794	0.5512	0.8474	0.039*
C16	0.5281 (5)	0.4719 (3)	0.7808 (14)	0.0161 (17)
C17	0.6164 (5)	0.5025 (3)	0.7756 (13)	0.0196 (19)
H17	0.6845	0.4878	0.7736	0.023*
C18	0.6062 (5)	0.5544 (3)	0.7733 (13)	0.0163 (17)
C19	0.5061 (6)	0.5761 (3)	0.7777 (14)	0.0200 (18)
H19	0.4990	0.6118	0.7774	0.024*
C20	0.4175 (5)	0.5460 (3)	0.7823 (13)	0.0177 (18)
C21	0.4275 (6)	0.4933 (3)	0.7853 (14)	0.0195 (18)
H21	0.3667	0.4725	0.7903	0.023*
C22	0.5408 (6)	0.4164 (3)	0.7873 (14)	0.0229 (19)
C23	0.3122 (5)	0.5701 (3)	0.7927 (13)	0.021 (2)
C24	0.7028 (6)	0.5873 (3)	0.7757 (14)	0.0204 (18)

Atomic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	U¹¹	U²²	U³³	U¹²	U¹³	U²³
O1	0.011 (3)	0.021 (3)	0.046 (4)	−0.002 (2)	0.004 (3)	0.002 (3)
N1	0.013 (3)	0.029 (4)	0.043 (5)	−0.010 (3)	0.004 (4)	−0.003 (4)
C1	0.024 (5)	0.025 (5)	0.040 (6)	−0.008 (4)	−0.001 (4)	−0.001 (5)
C2	0.024 (5)	0.024 (5)	0.037 (6)	0.002 (4)	0.005 (4)	0.001 (4)
C3	0.016 (4)	0.024 (4)	0.028 (5)	0.001 (4)	−0.001 (4)	−0.008 (4)
C4	0.021 (4)	0.026 (5)	0.039 (6)	−0.005 (4)	0.000 (5)	0.001 (5)
C5	0.021 (4)	0.030 (5)	0.038 (6)	0.002 (4)	−0.002 (4)	0.001 (5)
O2	0.013 (3)	0.022 (3)	0.042 (4)	0.000 (2)	−0.004 (3)	−0.003 (3)
N2	0.012 (3)	0.030 (4)	0.038 (5)	−0.003 (3)	−0.003 (4)	0.002 (4)
C6	0.018 (5)	0.021 (5)	0.046 (6)	−0.006 (4)	0.000 (4)	0.003 (5)
C7	0.023 (5)	0.014 (4)	0.037 (5)	0.001 (3)	0.001 (4)	0.006 (4)
C8	0.011 (4)	0.028 (5)	0.026 (5)	−0.005 (3)	−0.006 (4)	0.002 (4)
C9	0.020 (4)	0.014 (4)	0.044 (6)	−0.003 (3)	0.002 (4)	0.001 (4)
C10	0.021 (4)	0.025 (5)	0.040 (6)	0.000 (4)	0.004 (4)	0.001 (5)
O3	0.018 (3)	0.025 (3)	0.023 (4)	0.004 (2)	0.001 (3)	0.000 (3)
N3	0.042 (5)	0.019 (4)	0.024 (4)	0.003 (4)	0.001 (4)	−0.005 (3)
C11	0.012 (4)	0.022 (5)	0.036 (6)	0.000 (3)	0.003 (4)	0.001 (5)
C12	0.024 (5)	0.017 (5)	0.033 (6)	0.003 (4)	−0.003 (4)	−0.007 (4)
C13	0.024 (5)	0.006 (4)	0.028 (6)	0.005 (4)	0.001 (4)	0.000 (4)
C14	0.011 (4)	0.026 (5)	0.031 (6)	0.002 (4)	−0.002 (4)	0.000 (4)
C15	0.018 (5)	0.024 (5)	0.022 (5)	0.001 (4)	−0.007 (4)	0.001 (4)
O4	0.012 (3)	0.023 (3)	0.063 (5)	0.005 (2)	0.006 (3)	0.004 (4)
O5	0.012 (3)	0.018 (3)	0.050 (4)	−0.003 (2)	0.000 (3)	0.006 (4)
O6	0.009 (3)	0.025 (3)	0.043 (4)	0.000 (2)	0.001 (3)	−0.003 (3)
O7	0.013 (3)	0.021 (3)	0.106 (6)	−0.004 (2)	0.011 (4)	−0.011 (4)
O8	0.016 (3)	0.019 (3)	0.053 (4)	0.001 (2)	0.000 (3)	−0.004 (3)
O9	0.013 (3)	0.022 (3)	0.043 (4)	−0.001 (2)	0.006 (3)	0.003 (3)
C16	0.010 (4)	0.016 (4)	0.022 (4)	0.004 (3)	−0.003 (4)	−0.007 (4)
C17	0.010 (4)	0.027 (4)	0.021 (5)	0.003 (3)	0.000 (4)	−0.003 (4)
C18	0.011 (4)	0.015 (4)	0.022 (4)	0.002 (3)	0.002 (4)	−0.006 (4)
C19	0.016 (4)	0.019 (4)	0.025 (5)	0.000 (3)	0.000 (4)	0.003 (4)
C20	0.011 (4)	0.014 (4)	0.028 (5)	0.000 (3)	−0.003 (4)	−0.002 (4)
C21	0.013 (4)	0.022 (4)	0.024 (5)	−0.003 (3)	0.001 (4)	0.004 (4)
C22	0.021 (5)	0.023 (4)	0.025 (5)	0.000 (4)	0.003 (4)	−0.005 (5)
C23	0.011 (4)	0.021 (5)	0.030 (6)	−0.005 (3)	−0.003 (4)	0.000 (4)
C24	0.022 (5)	0.016 (4)	0.023 (5)	−0.001 (3)	0.002 (4)	0.002 (4)

Geometric parameters (Å, º) top

O1—C3	1.295 (8)	C11—H11	0.9500
N1—C5	1.334 (10)	C12—C13	1.413 (12)
N1—C1	1.340 (10)	C12—H12	0.9500
N1—H1N	0.8800	C13—C14	1.413 (12)
C1—C2	1.371 (11)	C14—C15	1.347 (12)
C1—H1	0.9500	C14—H13	0.9500
C2—C3	1.410 (11)	C15—H15	0.9500
C2—H2	0.9500	O4—C22	1.220 (8)
C3—C4	1.414 (10)	O5—C22	1.324 (8)
C4—C5	1.365 (10)	O5—H5O	0.8400
C4—H4	0.9500	O6—C24	1.213 (9)
C5—H5	0.9500	O7—C24	1.310 (9)
O2—C8	1.280 (8)	O7—H7O	0.8400
N2—C6	1.353 (10)	O8—C23	1.221 (8)
N2—C10	1.356 (10)	O9—C23	1.332 (8)
N2—H2N	0.8800	O9—H9O	0.8400
C6—C7	1.350 (11)	C16—C17	1.385 (9)
C6—H6	0.9500	C16—C21	1.398 (9)
C7—C8	1.410 (10)	C16—C22	1.481 (10)
C7—H7	0.9500	C17—C18	1.380 (9)
C8—C9	1.421 (10)	C17—H17	0.9500
C9—C10	1.358 (10)	C18—C19	1.395 (10)
C9—H9	0.9500	C18—C24	1.506 (10)
C10—H10	0.9500	C19—C20	1.380 (10)
O3—C13	1.293 (10)	C19—H19	0.9500
N3—C11	1.345 (10)	C20—C21	1.401 (10)
N3—C15	1.348 (10)	C20—C23	1.484 (10)
N3—H3N	0.8800	C21—H21	0.9500
C11—C12	1.353 (12)

C5—N1—C1	120.3 (7)	C11—C12—C13	119.7 (8)
C5—N1—H1N	119.8	C11—C12—H12	120.2
C1—N1—H1N	119.8	C13—C12—H12	120.2
N1—C1—C2	121.0 (8)	O3—C13—C12	121.6 (8)
N1—C1—H1	119.5	O3—C13—C14	121.9 (8)
C2—C1—H1	119.5	C12—C13—C14	116.4 (8)
C1—C2—C3	120.4 (7)	C15—C14—C13	121.4 (9)
C1—C2—H2	119.8	C15—C14—H13	119.3
C3—C2—H2	119.8	C13—C14—H13	119.3
O1—C3—C2	121.3 (7)	C14—C15—N3	119.8 (8)
O1—C3—C4	122.0 (7)	C14—C15—H15	120.1
C2—C3—C4	116.7 (7)	N3—C15—H15	120.1
C5—C4—C3	119.4 (7)	C22—O5—H5O	109.5
C5—C4—H4	120.3	C24—O7—H7O	109.5
C3—C4—H4	120.3	C23—O9—H9O	109.5
N1—C5—C4	122.2 (7)	C17—C16—C21	120.2 (6)
N1—C5—H5	118.9	C17—C16—C22	119.7 (6)
C4—C5—H5	118.9	C21—C16—C22	120.1 (6)
C6—N2—C10	120.0 (6)	C18—C17—C16	120.5 (7)
C6—N2—H2N	120.0	C18—C17—H17	119.7
C10—N2—H2N	120.0	C16—C17—H17	119.7
C7—C6—N2	121.8 (8)	C17—C18—C19	119.7 (7)
C7—C6—H6	119.1	C17—C18—C24	120.0 (6)
N2—C6—H6	119.1	C19—C18—C24	120.2 (6)
C6—C7—C8	120.4 (7)	C20—C19—C18	120.3 (7)
C6—C7—H7	119.8	C20—C19—H19	119.8
C8—C7—H7	119.8	C18—C19—H19	119.8
O2—C8—C7	122.6 (7)	C19—C20—C21	120.2 (6)
O2—C8—C9	121.0 (7)	C19—C20—C23	119.2 (6)
C7—C8—C9	116.4 (7)	C21—C20—C23	120.6 (6)
C10—C9—C8	120.6 (7)	C16—C21—C20	119.1 (6)
C10—C9—H9	119.7	C16—C21—H21	120.4
C8—C9—H9	119.7	C20—C21—H21	120.4
N2—C10—C9	120.8 (7)	O4—C22—O5	123.0 (7)
N2—C10—H10	119.6	O4—C22—C16	123.4 (7)
C9—C10—H10	119.6	O5—C22—C16	113.6 (6)
C11—N3—C15	121.2 (8)	O8—C23—O9	123.6 (6)
C11—N3—H3N	119.4	O8—C23—C20	124.6 (6)
C15—N3—H3N	119.4	O9—C23—C20	111.8 (6)
N3—C11—C12	121.4 (8)	O6—C24—O7	124.5 (7)
N3—C11—H11	119.3	O6—C24—C18	123.6 (7)
C12—C11—H11	119.3	O7—C24—C18	111.9 (6)

C5—N1—C1—C2	−0.3 (15)	C21—C16—C17—C18	−0.5 (14)
N1—C1—C2—C3	0.5 (15)	C22—C16—C17—C18	−178.8 (8)
C1—C2—C3—O1	178.7 (9)	C16—C17—C18—C19	0.4 (13)
C1—C2—C3—C4	0.1 (14)	C16—C17—C18—C24	177.7 (8)
O1—C3—C4—C5	−179.4 (9)	C17—C18—C19—C20	−0.6 (14)
C2—C3—C4—C5	−0.8 (14)	C24—C18—C19—C20	−177.8 (8)
C1—N1—C5—C4	−0.4 (15)	C18—C19—C20—C21	0.8 (14)
C3—C4—C5—N1	1.0 (15)	C18—C19—C20—C23	178.3 (8)
C10—N2—C6—C7	−1.1 (14)	C17—C16—C21—C20	0.7 (13)
N2—C6—C7—C8	0.2 (15)	C22—C16—C21—C20	179.0 (9)
C6—C7—C8—O2	−179.8 (9)	C19—C20—C21—C16	−0.9 (13)
C6—C7—C8—C9	1.0 (14)	C23—C20—C21—C16	−178.3 (8)
O2—C8—C9—C10	179.4 (9)	C17—C16—C22—O4	−0.2 (15)
C7—C8—C9—C10	−1.4 (14)	C21—C16—C22—O4	−178.4 (9)
C6—N2—C10—C9	0.7 (14)	C17—C16—C22—O5	177.9 (7)
C8—C9—C10—N2	0.6 (15)	C21—C16—C22—O5	−0.3 (13)
C15—N3—C11—C12	0.2 (13)	C19—C20—C23—O8	7.1 (15)
N3—C11—C12—C13	1.0 (14)	C21—C20—C23—O8	−175.5 (9)
C11—C12—C13—O3	176.6 (8)	C19—C20—C23—O9	−172.7 (8)
C11—C12—C13—C14	−2.2 (13)	C21—C20—C23—O9	4.7 (12)
O3—C13—C14—C15	−176.3 (8)	C17—C18—C24—O6	10.1 (14)
C12—C13—C14—C15	2.4 (13)	C19—C18—C24—O6	−172.7 (9)
C13—C14—C15—N3	−1.3 (14)	C17—C18—C24—O7	−169.9 (8)
C11—N3—C15—C14	−0.1 (13)	C19—C18—C24—O7	7.3 (12)

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top

D—H···A	D—H	H···A	D···A	D—H···A
N1—H1N···O1ⁱ	0.88	1.89	2.762 (8)	169
N2—H2N···O2ⁱⁱ	0.88	1.90	2.711 (8)	152
N3—H3N···O3ⁱⁱⁱ	0.88	2.01	2.773 (10)	144
N3—H3N···O6^iv	0.88	2.59	3.124 (9)	120
O5—H5O···O1	0.84	1.75	2.555 (7)	161
O7—H7O···O2	0.84	1.73	2.463 (7)	145
O9—H9O···O3	0.84	1.70	2.526 (7)	167
C1—H1···O4ⁱ	0.95	2.38	3.227 (10)	148
C4—H4···O5	0.95	2.53	3.174 (9)	126
C6—H6···O7ⁱⁱ	0.95	2.26	3.051 (9)	140
C7—H7···O8ⁱⁱ	0.95	2.66	3.530 (9)	153
C9—H9···O3^v	0.95	2.58	3.227 (9)	126
C11—H11···O6^iv	0.95	2.46	3.076 (11)	123
C11—H11···O9^vi	0.95	2.55	3.159 (9)	122
C12—H12···O6^vii	0.95	2.49	3.302 (11)	143
C14—H13···O4^viii	0.95	2.60	3.405 (10)	143
C15—H15···O8ⁱⁱⁱ	0.95	2.66	3.608 (10)	178

Symmetry codes: (i) x−1/2, −y+1/2, z; (ii) x+1/2, −y+3/2, z; (iii) x, y, z+1; (iv) x−1, y, z+1; (v) x+1, y, z; (vi) −x, −y+1, z+1/2; (vii) x−1, y, z; (viii) −x+1, −y+1, z+1/2.

Pyridone / BTC interplanar angles (°) top

Pyridone ring	This work	Campos-Gaxiola
N1	7.3 (2)	12.9
N2	8.5 (2)	13.2
N3	87.5 (3)	87.1

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