research communications
2(NH3)5]NO3·NH3
of [UOaAnorganische Chemie, Fluorchemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
*Correspondence e-mail: florian.kraus@chemie.uni-marburg.de
Pentaammine dioxide uranium(V) nitrate ammonia (1/1), [UO2(NH3)5]NO3·NH3, was obtained in the form of yellow crystals from the reaction of caesium uranyl nitrate, Cs[UO2(NO3)3], and uranium tetrafluoride, UF4, in dry liquid ammonia. The [UO2]+ cation is coordinated by five ammine ligands. The resulting [UO2(NH3)5] is best described as a pentagonal bipyramid with the O atoms forming the apices. In the crystal, numerous N—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are present between the cation, anion and solvent molecules, leading to a three-dimensional network.
Keywords: crystal structure; uranium(V); nitrate; ammonia; hydrogen bonding.
CCDC reference: 1510182
1. Introduction – Chemical context
Uranium chemistry in aqueous solution is dominated by the uranyl cation [UO2]2+, with the uranium atom in the hexavalent The most prominent representatives are the well-known uranyl nitrates and uranyl halides. In contrast to the [UO2]2+ uranyl cation, the uranyl cation [UO2]+ with pentavalent uranium disproportionates in aqueous solution into the [UVIO2]2+ cation and a tetravalent uranium species. Only under controlled conditions (Kraus et al., 1949) and in organic solvents (Arnold et al., 2009) are uranyl cations with pentavalent uranium observable. Here we report on the of a UV compound, [UO2(NH3)5]NO3·NH3, obtained from the reaction of UIV with UVI species in anhydrous liquid ammonia. The compound is not stable at temperatures above ca 238 K due to the loss of ammonia of a still unknown amount. Despite several efforts, we have not yet been able to reproduce the synthesis of the compound.
Obviously, the two uranium compounds used as educts reacted in a comproportionation reaction in order to form the UV compound reported here. It is possible that the redox potentials in liquid ammonia are reversed compared to aqueous solutions, leading to a comproportionation. Such changes of electrochemical potentials are not uncommon and, for example, are known for the system Cu/Cu+/Cu2+ (Woidy et al., 2015a). However, the detailed reaction UVI + UIV → UV is still unclear, and despite some efforts we were not able to elucidate further reaction products which must be present (e.g. fluoride containing ones).
2. Results and discussion – Structural commentary
All atoms in the structure of the title compound reside on general Wyckoff positions 8c of Pbca. The pentavalent uranium atom U1 and the oxygen atoms O1 and O2 form an uranyl cation. This [UO2]+ ion is coordinated by five ammine ligands (N1–N5) forming the complex pentagonal–bipyramidal [UO2(NH3)5]+ cation which is shown in Fig. 1. The nitrate anion NO3− consists of the nitrogen atom N7 and the oxygen atoms O3–O5. An ammonia molecule of crystallization (N6) is also observed in the structure.
The U—O distances in the almost linear uranyl cation [O—U—O angle of 177.2 (1)°] are 1.861 (3) and 1.867 (3) Å, respectively. Such distances are slightly elongated compared to reported ones for uranyl compounds with pentavalent uranium (Berthet et al., 2003; Hayton & Wu, 2008), which are in the range 1.810 (4) to 1.828 (4) Å. However, U—O distances for uranyl cations [UO2]2+ with hexavalent uranium are about 0.02 to 0.07 Å shorter. For the alkali metal uranyl nitrates, such as M[UO2(NO3)3] with M = K (Jouffret et al., 2011; Krivovichev & Burns, 2004), Rb (Barclay et al., 1965; Zalkin et al., 1989) and Cs (Malcic & Ljubica, 1961), the reported U—O distances are in the range 1.746 to 1.795 Å. In uranium(VI) compounds that contain the comparable pentaammine dioxido uranium(VI) ion [UO2(NH3)5]2+, such as [UO2(NH3)5]Cl2·NH3, [UO2F2(NH3)3]2·2NH3 or [UO2(NH3)5]Br2·NH3, U—O distances in the range 1.768 (2) to 1.771 (3) Å were reported (Woidy et al., 2012, 2015b); these are shortened by ca 0.1 Å compared to the uranyl ion presented here.
The nitrogen atoms of the ammine ligands show U—N distances between 2.573 (3) and 2.629 (3) Å, which appear slightly elongated in comparison with the U—N distances determined for UVI compounds such as [UO2(NH3)5]Cl2·NH3 [2.505 (2)–2.554 (3) Å], [UO2(NH3)5]Br2·NH3 or [UO2F2(NH3)3]2·2NH3 [2.522 (3) to 2.577 (3) Å] (Woidy et al., 2012). In [UF4(NH3)4]·NH3 (Kraus & Baer, 2009), we observed an elongated U—N distance of 2.618 (5) Å due to the higher and different charge of the central atom.
The nitrate anion features no unexpected structural parameters and is practically identical compared to the nitrate anions of NaNO3 or KNO3. The N—O distances are 1.242 (5), 1.253 (4), and 1.254 (4) Å, the bond angles are 120° within the 3σ criterion [120.4 (3), 120.4 (3), and 119.2 (3)°] and therefore the anion is essentially planar.
As we are not able to completely explain the formation of the title compound from the educts, the question arises whether the cation is not simply a `regular' uranyl(VI) cation. It is obvious that no second nitrate anion is present in the structure. Due to chemical reasoning, the ammonia molecule of crystallization also cannot be an amide anion (NH2−). As ammine ligands are bound to the uranium cation, some of their electron density is transferred to the Lewis-acidic U atom, which leads to a weakening of the N—H bonds and therefore to an acidification of these protons. So, an amide anion residing next to an acidified ammine ligand is not a plausible assumption, especially since the ammonia molecule of crystallization shows an usual N⋯N distance for N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds. If one assumes that CO32− is present instead of NO3−, then a `regular' [UVIO2]2+ ion would also result. However, if one refines the occupancy of the N atom of the nitrate anion, an occupancy of 1.00 (2) is observed, whereas if the occupancy of the C atom of a putative carbonate anion is refined, an occupancy of 1.30 (2) is obtained. Comparing the atomic distances of the trigonal–planar anion with the mean distances from the literature, 1.284 Å for CO32− (Zemann, 1981) and 1.250 Å for NO3− (Baur, 1981), it is most likely that in our case a nitrate anion is present. In summary, all these points indicate that the central atom is an N atom of a nitrate anion. Together with the observation of slightly elongated U—O and U—N bond lengths in comparison to similar [UO2(NH3)5]2+ ions, we conclude that the compound should contain UV atoms in form of [UO2]+ ions.
3. Supramolecular features
The . The ammonia molecule of crystallization (N6) acts as an acceptor of an N—H hydrogen bond with an ammine ligand (N2). It forms also two disparate N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to two symmetry-equivalent nitrate anions; the third H atom (H6C) is not involved in hydrogen-bond formation. The nitrate anion is hydrogen-bonded to five symmetry-related [UO2(NH3)5]+ cations via N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and two symmetry-related ammonia molecules of crystallization. The nitrate anions lie parallel to the ac plane and are arranged in columns running parallel to the b axis (Fig. 2). The oxygen atoms of the uranyl cation act as acceptors of hydrogen bonds from four (O1) and three (O2) ammine ligands of two symmetry-related [UO2(NH3)5]+ cations. The linear UO2+ cations are also arranged parallel to the b axis. Overall, a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network results. Numerical details of the hydrogen bonding interactions are compiled in Table 1.
of the title compound is shown in Fig. 24. Synthesis and crystallization
The purity of the used educts was evidenced by powder X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. 50 mg (0.09 mmol, 1 eq.) Cs[UO2(NO3)3] and 27 mg (0.09 mmol, 1 eq.) UF4 were placed in a reaction flask under argon atmosphere. After cooling to 195 K ca 10 ml NH3 were added to the reaction mixture resulting in a clear yellow solution and a green solid residue. Yellow single crystals of the title compound were obtained during storage at 233 K and were selected under cold perfluoroether oil (Kottke & Stalke, 1993). Additionally, emerald green crystals of [UF4(NH3)4]·NH3 were observed (Kraus & Baer, 2009) next to colourless crystals of CsNO3, both evidenced by determination of their unit-cell parameters.
5. Refinement
Crystal data, data collection and structure . The structure was solved by the and all other atoms were located from difference Fourier maps. In case of the hydrogen atoms of nitrogen atoms N1–N5, their positions were refined using a riding model with N—H = 0.91 Å and Ueq(H) = 1.5Uiso(N). The hydrogen atoms of the ammonia molecule of crystallization were refined freely. The maximum and minimum residual electron densities are located close to the U atom at distances of 0.58 and 0.04 Å, respectively.
details are summarized in Table 2
|
Supporting information
CCDC reference: 1510182
https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989016016480/wm5331sup1.cif
contains datablock I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989016016480/wm5331Isup2.hkl
Data collection: CrysAlis CCD (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); cell
CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); data reduction: CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL2014 (Sheldrick, 2015) and SHELXLE (Hübschle et al., 2011); molecular graphics: DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 2012); software used to prepare material for publication: publCIF (Westrip, 2010).[U(NH3)5]NO3·NH3 | Dx = 2.516 Mg m−3 |
Mr = 434.24 | Melting point: not measured K |
Orthorhombic, Pbca | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
a = 15.7497 (2) Å | Cell parameters from 44787 reflections |
b = 7.7375 (1) Å | θ = 2.8–39.2° |
c = 18.8126 (2) Å | µ = 14.17 mm−1 |
V = 2292.57 (5) Å3 | T = 123 K |
Z = 8 | Plate, colourless |
F(000) = 1592 | 0.24 × 0.21 × 0.04 mm |
Oxford Diffraction Xcalibur3 diffractometer | 6635 independent reflections |
Radiation source: Enhance (Mo) X-ray Source | 5051 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.045 |
Detector resolution: 16.0238 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 39.3°, θmin = 3.1° |
phi– and ω–rotation scans | h = −27→27 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlis RED; Oxford Diffraction, 2009) | k = −8→13 |
Tmin = 0.166, Tmax = 1.000 | l = −32→32 |
88079 measured reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
Least-squares matrix: full | Hydrogen site location: mixed |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.033 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
wR(F2) = 0.090 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0532P)2 + 3.9914P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
S = 1.04 | (Δ/σ)max = 0.003 |
6635 reflections | Δρmax = 5.60 e Å−3 |
136 parameters | Δρmin = −3.79 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Extinction correction: SHELXL2014 (Sheldrick, 2015), Fc*=kFc[1+0.001xFc2λ3/sin(2θ)]-1/4 |
Primary atom site location: heavy-atom method | Extinction coefficient: 0.00070 (7) |
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
U1 | 0.11450 (2) | 0.22849 (2) | 0.80178 (2) | 0.00916 (4) | |
O1 | 0.11836 (14) | −0.0112 (4) | 0.79457 (13) | 0.0145 (4) | |
O2 | 0.10583 (16) | 0.4688 (4) | 0.80629 (15) | 0.0180 (5) | |
N1 | 0.26344 (17) | 0.2174 (4) | 0.86194 (16) | 0.0140 (5) | |
H1A | 0.257174 | 0.197530 | 0.909327 | 0.021* | |
H1B | 0.290520 | 0.320039 | 0.855278 | 0.021* | |
H1C | 0.294646 | 0.130809 | 0.842227 | 0.021* | |
N2 | 0.0977 (2) | 0.2180 (5) | 0.93878 (17) | 0.0182 (6) | |
H2A | 0.111922 | 0.110928 | 0.954839 | 0.027* | |
H2B | 0.042857 | 0.241370 | 0.950589 | 0.027* | |
H2C | 0.132433 | 0.298114 | 0.959019 | 0.027* | |
N3 | −0.04957 (19) | 0.2180 (4) | 0.81645 (19) | 0.0185 (6) | |
H3A | −0.070849 | 0.128341 | 0.790693 | 0.028* | |
H3B | −0.072525 | 0.318832 | 0.800654 | 0.028* | |
H3C | −0.062761 | 0.203054 | 0.863146 | 0.028* | |
N4 | 0.0394 (2) | 0.2335 (4) | 0.67697 (19) | 0.0188 (6) | |
H4A | 0.003321 | 0.325238 | 0.674759 | 0.028* | |
H4B | 0.009622 | 0.133855 | 0.670795 | 0.028* | |
H4C | 0.079243 | 0.243219 | 0.642176 | 0.028* | |
N5 | 0.2334 (2) | 0.2756 (5) | 0.70995 (18) | 0.0190 (6) | |
H5A | 0.214265 | 0.346174 | 0.674728 | 0.029* | |
H5B | 0.248928 | 0.172025 | 0.691072 | 0.029* | |
H5C | 0.278944 | 0.325155 | 0.731585 | 0.029* | |
N6 | −0.0713 (3) | 0.3021 (8) | 1.0069 (3) | 0.0327 (9) | |
H6A | −0.110 (4) | 0.227 (8) | 1.013 (4) | 0.033 (19)* | |
H6B | −0.095 (4) | 0.381 (10) | 0.986 (4) | 0.05 (2)* | |
H6C | −0.056 (6) | 0.312 (12) | 1.037 (5) | 0.06 (3)* | |
N7 | 0.2550 (2) | 0.0309 (4) | 0.55493 (17) | 0.0204 (6) | |
O3 | 0.1861 (2) | 0.0340 (5) | 0.58716 (17) | 0.0320 (7) | |
O4 | 0.25705 (19) | 0.0485 (4) | 0.48871 (15) | 0.0266 (6) | |
O5 | 0.3231 (2) | 0.0085 (5) | 0.58813 (17) | 0.0311 (7) |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
U1 | 0.00711 (5) | 0.00894 (6) | 0.01145 (5) | 0.00013 (3) | −0.00104 (3) | −0.00027 (3) |
O1 | 0.0137 (10) | 0.0142 (12) | 0.0157 (11) | −0.0007 (8) | −0.0016 (8) | −0.0011 (8) |
O2 | 0.0176 (11) | 0.0096 (11) | 0.0267 (14) | 0.0021 (8) | −0.0032 (9) | −0.0019 (9) |
N1 | 0.0093 (10) | 0.0178 (14) | 0.0147 (11) | 0.0020 (9) | −0.0012 (8) | −0.0006 (10) |
N2 | 0.0140 (11) | 0.0250 (16) | 0.0156 (12) | 0.0012 (10) | 0.0010 (10) | −0.0005 (11) |
N3 | 0.0111 (11) | 0.0222 (16) | 0.0221 (14) | −0.0006 (10) | −0.0004 (10) | 0.0003 (11) |
N4 | 0.0184 (13) | 0.0214 (15) | 0.0167 (12) | −0.0025 (11) | −0.0054 (11) | 0.0006 (11) |
N5 | 0.0167 (13) | 0.0230 (16) | 0.0172 (13) | −0.0017 (11) | 0.0026 (10) | −0.0014 (11) |
N6 | 0.0188 (15) | 0.049 (3) | 0.030 (2) | 0.0031 (17) | 0.0034 (15) | 0.002 (2) |
N7 | 0.0263 (16) | 0.0193 (15) | 0.0158 (13) | −0.0001 (12) | −0.0030 (11) | −0.0010 (11) |
O3 | 0.0275 (14) | 0.044 (2) | 0.0242 (15) | 0.0026 (14) | 0.0024 (12) | −0.0076 (14) |
O4 | 0.0347 (16) | 0.0330 (17) | 0.0121 (11) | 0.0024 (13) | −0.0015 (11) | 0.0020 (11) |
O5 | 0.0269 (14) | 0.0409 (19) | 0.0255 (15) | −0.0051 (13) | −0.0095 (12) | 0.0083 (14) |
U1—O1 | 1.861 (3) | N3—H3B | 0.9100 |
U1—O2 | 1.867 (3) | N3—H3C | 0.9100 |
U1—N5 | 2.573 (3) | N4—H4A | 0.9100 |
U1—N2 | 2.592 (3) | N4—H4B | 0.9100 |
U1—N3 | 2.600 (3) | N4—H4C | 0.9100 |
U1—N1 | 2.606 (3) | N5—H5A | 0.9100 |
U1—N4 | 2.629 (3) | N5—H5B | 0.9100 |
N1—H1A | 0.9100 | N5—H5C | 0.9100 |
N1—H1B | 0.9100 | N6—H6A | 0.86 (7) |
N1—H1C | 0.9100 | N6—H6B | 0.81 (8) |
N2—H2A | 0.9100 | N6—H6C | 0.63 (9) |
N2—H2B | 0.9100 | N7—O3 | 1.242 (5) |
N2—H2C | 0.9100 | N7—O5 | 1.253 (4) |
N3—H3A | 0.9100 | N7—O4 | 1.254 (4) |
O1—U1—O2 | 177.20 (11) | H2A—N2—H2B | 109.5 |
O1—U1—N5 | 93.92 (11) | U1—N2—H2C | 109.5 |
O2—U1—N5 | 86.72 (12) | H2A—N2—H2C | 109.5 |
O1—U1—N2 | 92.56 (11) | H2B—N2—H2C | 109.5 |
O2—U1—N2 | 88.76 (12) | U1—N3—H3A | 109.5 |
N5—U1—N2 | 138.26 (11) | U1—N3—H3B | 109.5 |
O1—U1—N3 | 90.52 (11) | H3A—N3—H3B | 109.5 |
O2—U1—N3 | 87.34 (11) | U1—N3—H3C | 109.5 |
N5—U1—N3 | 143.01 (11) | H3A—N3—H3C | 109.5 |
N2—U1—N3 | 78.00 (11) | H3B—N3—H3C | 109.5 |
O1—U1—N1 | 88.25 (10) | U1—N4—H4A | 109.5 |
O2—U1—N1 | 94.52 (10) | U1—N4—H4B | 109.5 |
N5—U1—N1 | 68.98 (10) | H4A—N4—H4B | 109.5 |
N2—U1—N1 | 70.06 (10) | U1—N4—H4C | 109.5 |
N3—U1—N1 | 147.94 (10) | H4A—N4—H4C | 109.5 |
O1—U1—N4 | 87.96 (11) | H4B—N4—H4C | 109.5 |
O2—U1—N4 | 89.59 (11) | U1—N5—H5A | 109.5 |
N5—U1—N4 | 74.08 (11) | U1—N5—H5B | 109.5 |
N2—U1—N4 | 147.40 (11) | H5A—N5—H5B | 109.5 |
N3—U1—N4 | 69.40 (11) | U1—N5—H5C | 109.5 |
N1—U1—N4 | 142.49 (10) | H5A—N5—H5C | 109.5 |
U1—N1—H1A | 109.5 | H5B—N5—H5C | 109.5 |
U1—N1—H1B | 109.5 | H6A—N6—H6B | 104 (7) |
H1A—N1—H1B | 109.5 | H6A—N6—H6C | 103 (10) |
U1—N1—H1C | 109.5 | H6B—N6—H6C | 121 (10) |
H1A—N1—H1C | 109.5 | O3—N7—O5 | 120.4 (3) |
H1B—N1—H1C | 109.5 | O3—N7—O4 | 120.4 (3) |
U1—N2—H2A | 109.5 | O5—N7—O4 | 119.2 (3) |
U1—N2—H2B | 109.5 |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N1—H1A···O4i | 0.91 | 2.43 | 3.166 (4) | 138 |
N1—H1A···O4ii | 0.91 | 2.47 | 2.996 (4) | 117 |
N1—H1B···O1iii | 0.91 | 2.25 | 3.079 (4) | 151 |
N1—H1C···O2iv | 0.91 | 2.12 | 3.006 (4) | 165 |
N2—H2A···O4i | 0.91 | 2.49 | 3.220 (5) | 138 |
N2—H2B···N6 | 0.91 | 2.14 | 3.024 (5) | 164 |
N2—H2C···O4ii | 0.91 | 2.36 | 3.232 (5) | 160 |
N3—H3A···O2v | 0.91 | 2.27 | 3.136 (5) | 159 |
N3—H3B···O1vi | 0.91 | 2.34 | 3.151 (4) | 149 |
N3—H3C···O5vii | 0.91 | 2.52 | 3.142 (5) | 126 |
N4—H4A···O1vi | 0.91 | 2.37 | 3.219 (4) | 156 |
N4—H4B···O2v | 0.91 | 2.26 | 3.086 (4) | 150 |
N4—H4C···O3 | 0.91 | 2.55 | 3.253 (5) | 134 |
N5—H5A···O5iii | 0.91 | 2.14 | 3.048 (5) | 176 |
N5—H5B···O3 | 0.91 | 2.44 | 3.063 (5) | 126 |
N5—H5B···O5 | 0.91 | 2.59 | 3.394 (5) | 147 |
N5—H5C···O1iii | 0.91 | 2.37 | 3.273 (4) | 171 |
N6—H6A···O4vii | 0.86 (7) | 2.50 (7) | 3.342 (6) | 167 (7) |
N6—H6B···O3vi | 0.81 (8) | 2.32 (8) | 3.102 (6) | 162 (7) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1/2, −y, z+1/2; (ii) x, −y+1/2, z+1/2; (iii) −x+1/2, y+1/2, z; (iv) −x+1/2, y−1/2, z; (v) −x, y−1/2, −z+3/2; (vi) −x, y+1/2, −z+3/2; (vii) x−1/2, y, −z+3/2. |
Acknowledgements
FK thanks the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for his Heisenberg professorship. PW would like to thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for financial support during his PhD thesis.
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