research communications
S)-1-[2-(diphenylphosphanyl)ferrocenyl]-(R)-ethyl}ammonium bromide dichloromethane monosolvate
of bis{(aInstitute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, A-1060 Vienna, Austria, and bX-Ray Centre, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
*Correspondence e-mail: berthold.stoeger@tuwien.ac.at
During the synthesis of an FeBr2 complex with the PNP ligand (R,R,SFc,SFc)-[Fe2(C5H5)2(C38H35NP2)] (1), single crystals of the dichloromethane monosolvate of the Br− salt of the protonated ligand 1H+ were obtained serendipitously, i.e. [Fe2(C5H5)2(C38H36NP2)]Br·CH2Cl2. The of 1H·Br·CH2Cl2 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The mean bond lengths in the ferrocene units are Fe—C = 2.049 (3) Å and C—C = 1.422 (4) Å within the cyclopentadienyl rings. The mean C—N bond length is 1.523 (4) Å. The interplanar angle between the two connected cyclopentadienyl rings is 49.2 (2)°. One ferrocene moiety adopts a whereas the other is between staggered and eclipsed. The Br− ions and the CH2Cl2 molecules are located in channels extending along <100>. One ammonium H atom forms a hydrogen bond with the Br− ion [H⋯Br = 2.32 (4) Å and C—H⋯Br = 172 (3)°]. The second ammonium H atom is not involved in hydrogen bonding.
Keywords: crystal structure; ferrocene; PNP ligand; hydrogen bonding.
CCDC reference: 1524191
1. Chemical context
During the last decade, chiral non-racemic substituted ferrocene derivatives have found broad applications in a number of different fields, including asymmetric catalysis, and an increasing number of new catalysts and ligands have been reported progressively (Helmchen & Pfaltz, 2000; Dai et al., 2003; Sutcliffe & Bryce, 2003; McManus & Guiry, 2004; Miyake et al., 2008; Štěpnička, 2008; Hargaden & Guiry, 2009). During the synthesis of chiral PNP pincer ligands [tridentate ligands coordinating to a central metal atom via P, N and P (Szabo & Wendt, 2014)] with a ferrocene scaffold and their FeII complexes (Hargaden & Guiry, 2009), the salt 1H·Br was crystallized as its CH2Cl2 solvate (Fig. 1) instead of the expected [Fe(PNP)Br2] complex (Fig. 2). However, neither the of any salt of 1H+, nor of any of its solvates, has been reported up to now. The of 1H·Br·CH2Cl2 is reported in this communication with the aim of contributing to a deeper understanding of its molecular structure and the crystal packing.
2. Structural commentary
The title salt 1H·Br crystallizes with one dichloromethane molecule in P43, with one formula unit in the The correct space-group assignment, and by consequence was confirmed by [Flack parameter 0.002 (3); Flack, 1983]. It is in agreement with the expected as determined by the enantioselective synthesis (Zirakzadeh et al., 2016). In contrast to classical PNP complexes, where the lone pairs of the P and N atoms are directed towards the coordinated metal, the 1H+ ion adopts a distinctly more twisted conformation (Fig. 1) [the angles of the C—N bonds to the least-squares planes of connected pentadienyl moieties are 61.2 (2) and 81.9 (10)°]. Whereas the lone pairs of the P atoms are approximately in a face-to-face orientation, the hydrogen atoms of the secondary ammonium group are directed in a different direction towards distinct channels in the structure (see below). The ferrocene moieties adopt staggered (Fe2: average C—G—G—C torsion angle 30.1°, where C stands for a C atom of the ferrocene and G for the center of gravity of the C atoms of the corresponding ring) and somewhat more eclipsed (Fe1: 14.9°) conformations, respectively.
3. Supramolecular features
One of the two ammonium H atoms forms a hydrogen bond with the Br− ion (Table 1). The second H atom is not involved in hydrogen bonding. Besides the hydrogen bonding, no further notable supramolecular interactions are apparent. The 1H+ ions form a van der Waals-packed three-dimensional framework (Fig. 3). The CH2Cl2 solvent molecules and Br− ions are located in channels of this network that extend along <100>. Without CH2Cl2 molecules and Br− ions, the packing index (fraction of filled space) is 62.4% [calculated with PLATON (Spek, 2009)]. Each CH2Cl2 solvent molecule occupies 98 Å3 of the structure. In total, the solvent molecules make up a 9.2% of the structure.
|
4. Database survey
A search of the Cambridge Structural Database (Version 5.37; last update March 2016; Groom et al., 2016) for structures of molecules containing an analogous tridentate ferrocene PNP scaffold revealed no entries. However, three molecules where the secondary amine functionality is replaced by a longer linker were found: AZAHED (amine substituted for imidazolium; Gischig & Togni, 2005), ALEZMOS (2,6-pyridine dicarboxamide; Reddy et al., 2007) and PEDTEX (piperazine; Zhou & Zhang, 2005). Finally, in XARUD (You et al., 2000) the amine functionality is substituted by a cyclohexanediamine unit. Moreover, the methyl groups are substituted by oxo groups, making XARUD a bis-formamide.
5. Synthesis and crystallization
All reactions were performed under an inert atmosphere of argon using Schlenk techniques. The solvents were purified according to standard procedures. The synthesis of 1 and the [Fe(PNP)Br2] complex was described in detail by our group (Zirakzadeh et al., 2016). Single crystals suitable for X-ray were grown by vapour diffusion of Et2O into a CH2Cl2 solution.
6. Refinement
Crystal data, data collection and structure . H atoms bonded to C atoms were placed in calculated positions and refined as riding atoms, with fixed bond lengths in the range 0.95–1.00 Å and Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C) or 1.5Ueq(CMe). Ammonium H atoms were found in difference Fourier maps and were refined freely.
details are summarized in Table 2Supporting information
CCDC reference: 1524191
https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989016020417/pk2595sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, general. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989016020417/pk2595Isup2.hkl
Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2015); cell
SAINT-Plus (Bruker, 2015); data reduction: SAINT-Plus (Bruker, 2015); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXT (Sheldrick, 2015a); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL2014 (Sheldrick, 2015b); molecular graphics: Mercury (Macrae et al., 2006); software used to prepare material for publication: publCIF (Westrip, 2010).[Fe2(C5H5)2(C38H36NP2)]Br·CH2Cl2 | Dx = 1.509 Mg m−3 |
Mr = 975.33 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Tetragonal, P43 | Cell parameters from 9938 reflections |
a = 11.2463 (7) Å | θ = 2.2–29.6° |
c = 33.938 (2) Å | µ = 1.84 mm−1 |
V = 4292.5 (6) Å3 | T = 100 K |
Z = 4 | Tabular, translucent yellow |
F(000) = 2000 | 0.35 × 0.17 × 0.11 mm |
Bruker Kappa APEXII CCD diffractometer | 10851 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
ω– and φ–scans | Rint = 0.043 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2015) | θmax = 30.0°, θmin = 2.2° |
Tmin = 0.590, Tmax = 0.746 | h = −15→15 |
42331 measured reflections | k = −11→15 |
12559 independent reflections | l = −47→47 |
Refinement on F2 | Hydrogen site location: mixed |
Least-squares matrix: full | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.032 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0078P)2] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
wR(F2) = 0.063 | (Δ/σ)max = 0.003 |
S = 0.98 | Δρmax = 0.85 e Å−3 |
12559 reflections | Δρmin = −0.41 e Å−3 |
524 parameters | Absolute structure: Flack x determined using 4530 quotients [(I+)-(I-)]/[(I+)+(I-)] (Parsons et al., 2013) |
1 restraint | Absolute structure parameter: 0.002 (3) |
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
C1 | −0.0686 (3) | 0.4072 (3) | 0.58926 (11) | 0.0220 (7) | |
H1A | −0.1299 | 0.4497 | 0.5743 | 0.033* | |
H1B | −0.0781 | 0.4241 | 0.6174 | 0.033* | |
H1C | −0.0766 | 0.3215 | 0.5847 | 0.033* | |
C2 | 0.0537 (3) | 0.4481 (3) | 0.57579 (9) | 0.0137 (6) | |
H2 | 0.0604 | 0.4342 | 0.5468 | 0.016* | |
C3 | 0.1551 (3) | 0.3877 (3) | 0.59565 (9) | 0.0132 (6) | |
C4 | 0.2741 (3) | 0.3804 (3) | 0.57985 (8) | 0.0123 (6) | |
C5 | 0.3460 (3) | 0.3215 (3) | 0.60882 (9) | 0.0141 (6) | |
H5 | 0.4322 | 0.3014 | 0.6060 | 0.017* | |
C6 | 0.2736 (3) | 0.2951 (3) | 0.64204 (9) | 0.0164 (7) | |
H6 | 0.3003 | 0.2527 | 0.6664 | 0.020* | |
C7 | 0.1568 (3) | 0.3361 (3) | 0.63457 (8) | 0.0149 (6) | |
H7 | 0.0872 | 0.3285 | 0.6527 | 0.018* | |
C8 | 0.0747 (3) | 0.1189 (3) | 0.56528 (10) | 0.0215 (7) | |
H8 | −0.0063 | 0.1489 | 0.5582 | 0.026* | |
C9 | 0.1767 (3) | 0.1237 (3) | 0.54086 (9) | 0.0211 (7) | |
H9 | 0.1804 | 0.1572 | 0.5136 | 0.025* | |
C10 | 0.2732 (3) | 0.0718 (3) | 0.56207 (9) | 0.0193 (7) | |
H10 | 0.3566 | 0.0627 | 0.5523 | 0.023* | |
C11 | 0.2304 (3) | 0.0365 (3) | 0.59963 (9) | 0.0195 (7) | |
H11 | 0.2781 | −0.0022 | 0.6209 | 0.023* | |
C12 | 0.1073 (3) | 0.0660 (3) | 0.60168 (9) | 0.0200 (7) | |
H12 | 0.0533 | 0.0512 | 0.6246 | 0.024* | |
C13 | 0.4461 (3) | 0.3477 (3) | 0.51945 (8) | 0.0142 (6) | |
C14 | 0.5614 (3) | 0.3743 (3) | 0.53203 (9) | 0.0160 (6) | |
H14 | 0.5745 | 0.4395 | 0.5493 | 0.019* | |
C15 | 0.6571 (3) | 0.3055 (3) | 0.51942 (9) | 0.0194 (7) | |
H15 | 0.7355 | 0.3255 | 0.5275 | 0.023* | |
C16 | 0.6386 (3) | 0.2085 (3) | 0.49530 (9) | 0.0215 (7) | |
H16 | 0.7042 | 0.1612 | 0.4872 | 0.026* | |
C17 | 0.5253 (3) | 0.1799 (3) | 0.48301 (9) | 0.0225 (8) | |
H17 | 0.5125 | 0.1126 | 0.4666 | 0.027* | |
C18 | 0.4297 (3) | 0.2499 (3) | 0.49472 (9) | 0.0185 (7) | |
H18 | 0.3520 | 0.2308 | 0.4857 | 0.022* | |
C19 | 0.3763 (3) | 0.5819 (3) | 0.54381 (9) | 0.0149 (6) | |
C20 | 0.4276 (3) | 0.6117 (3) | 0.57988 (9) | 0.0210 (7) | |
H20 | 0.4306 | 0.5540 | 0.6003 | 0.025* | |
C21 | 0.4743 (3) | 0.7238 (3) | 0.58649 (10) | 0.0263 (8) | |
H21 | 0.5103 | 0.7417 | 0.6111 | 0.032* | |
C22 | 0.4687 (3) | 0.8100 (3) | 0.55753 (11) | 0.0247 (8) | |
H22 | 0.5014 | 0.8867 | 0.5621 | 0.030* | |
C23 | 0.4150 (3) | 0.7837 (3) | 0.52171 (10) | 0.0223 (7) | |
H23 | 0.4098 | 0.8429 | 0.5018 | 0.027* | |
C24 | 0.3691 (3) | 0.6711 (3) | 0.51496 (9) | 0.0179 (7) | |
H24 | 0.3322 | 0.6541 | 0.4904 | 0.021* | |
C25 | 0.0812 (3) | 0.7888 (3) | 0.56353 (10) | 0.0212 (7) | |
H25A | 0.0838 | 0.8444 | 0.5413 | 0.032* | |
H25B | 0.1578 | 0.7898 | 0.5773 | 0.032* | |
H25C | 0.0180 | 0.8125 | 0.5818 | 0.032* | |
C26 | 0.0566 (3) | 0.6644 (3) | 0.54835 (9) | 0.0146 (6) | |
H26 | 0.1220 | 0.6434 | 0.5296 | 0.017* | |
C27 | −0.0585 (3) | 0.6444 (3) | 0.52736 (9) | 0.0130 (6) | |
C28 | −0.0692 (3) | 0.5934 (3) | 0.48808 (9) | 0.0132 (6) | |
C29 | −0.1935 (3) | 0.5798 (3) | 0.48021 (9) | 0.0147 (6) | |
H29 | −0.2285 | 0.5480 | 0.4553 | 0.018* | |
C30 | −0.2590 (3) | 0.6198 (3) | 0.51351 (9) | 0.0177 (7) | |
H30 | −0.3476 | 0.6207 | 0.5159 | 0.021* | |
C31 | −0.1770 (3) | 0.6604 (3) | 0.54246 (9) | 0.0159 (7) | |
H31 | −0.1981 | 0.6947 | 0.5687 | 0.019* | |
C32 | −0.1196 (3) | 0.9296 (3) | 0.50030 (10) | 0.0210 (7) | |
H32 | −0.0771 | 0.9639 | 0.5236 | 0.025* | |
C33 | −0.0658 (3) | 0.8890 (3) | 0.46484 (10) | 0.0235 (8) | |
H33 | 0.0213 | 0.8899 | 0.4588 | 0.028* | |
C34 | −0.1575 (3) | 0.8482 (3) | 0.43933 (9) | 0.0211 (7) | |
H34 | −0.1463 | 0.8144 | 0.4123 | 0.025* | |
C35 | −0.2676 (3) | 0.8630 (3) | 0.45922 (9) | 0.0199 (7) | |
H35 | −0.3477 | 0.8410 | 0.4487 | 0.024* | |
C36 | −0.2440 (3) | 0.9129 (3) | 0.49689 (9) | 0.0200 (7) | |
H36 | −0.3046 | 0.9329 | 0.5174 | 0.024* | |
C37 | 0.0177 (3) | 0.6142 (3) | 0.40879 (9) | 0.0144 (6) | |
C38 | −0.0694 (3) | 0.5590 (3) | 0.38573 (9) | 0.0166 (7) | |
H38 | −0.1047 | 0.4867 | 0.3943 | 0.020* | |
C39 | −0.1043 (3) | 0.6099 (3) | 0.35028 (9) | 0.0186 (7) | |
H39 | −0.1645 | 0.5731 | 0.3349 | 0.022* | |
C40 | −0.0521 (3) | 0.7138 (3) | 0.33734 (9) | 0.0208 (7) | |
H40 | −0.0783 | 0.7495 | 0.3135 | 0.025* | |
C41 | 0.0376 (3) | 0.7662 (3) | 0.35875 (10) | 0.0222 (7) | |
H41 | 0.0748 | 0.8364 | 0.3492 | 0.027* | |
C42 | 0.0741 (3) | 0.7164 (3) | 0.39440 (9) | 0.0181 (7) | |
H42 | 0.1371 | 0.7518 | 0.4089 | 0.022* | |
C43 | 0.0615 (3) | 0.4026 (3) | 0.45190 (9) | 0.0151 (6) | |
C44 | −0.0287 (3) | 0.3254 (3) | 0.46356 (10) | 0.0202 (7) | |
H44 | −0.0985 | 0.3561 | 0.4756 | 0.024* | |
C45 | −0.0172 (3) | 0.2029 (3) | 0.45761 (10) | 0.0252 (8) | |
H45 | −0.0790 | 0.1506 | 0.4656 | 0.030* | |
C46 | 0.0841 (4) | 0.1580 (3) | 0.44007 (10) | 0.0246 (8) | |
H46 | 0.0918 | 0.0748 | 0.4361 | 0.030* | |
C47 | 0.1737 (3) | 0.2331 (3) | 0.42841 (9) | 0.0219 (8) | |
H47 | 0.2431 | 0.2019 | 0.4162 | 0.026* | |
C48 | 0.1627 (3) | 0.3538 (3) | 0.43439 (9) | 0.0198 (7) | |
H48 | 0.2254 | 0.4050 | 0.4264 | 0.024* | |
C49 | 0.4840 (4) | 0.6399 (4) | 0.41211 (16) | 0.0437 (11) | |
H49A | 0.4155 | 0.6489 | 0.3940 | 0.052* | |
H49B | 0.4773 | 0.7019 | 0.4327 | 0.052* | |
HN1 | 0.021 (3) | 0.607 (3) | 0.6044 (10) | 0.014 (9)* | |
HN2 | 0.136 (4) | 0.591 (3) | 0.5913 (11) | 0.020 (10)* | |
N1 | 0.0665 (3) | 0.5811 (2) | 0.58352 (7) | 0.0139 (5) | |
P1 | 0.31329 (7) | 0.43597 (7) | 0.53127 (2) | 0.01328 (16) | |
P2 | 0.06254 (7) | 0.56433 (7) | 0.45811 (2) | 0.01388 (16) | |
Cl1 | 0.47840 (9) | 0.49888 (9) | 0.43433 (3) | 0.0300 (2) | |
Cl2 | 0.61642 (9) | 0.66107 (8) | 0.38571 (2) | 0.0270 (2) | |
Fe1 | 0.20638 (4) | 0.21570 (4) | 0.59224 (2) | 0.01257 (9) | |
Fe2 | −0.15647 (4) | 0.75393 (4) | 0.49136 (2) | 0.01342 (10) | |
Br1 | −0.07213 (3) | 0.66115 (3) | 0.66249 (2) | 0.02449 (9) |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
C1 | 0.0133 (17) | 0.0182 (18) | 0.0344 (18) | −0.0009 (13) | 0.0002 (15) | 0.0018 (15) |
C2 | 0.0139 (16) | 0.0101 (15) | 0.0172 (13) | −0.0002 (12) | −0.0008 (12) | −0.0009 (12) |
C3 | 0.0137 (15) | 0.0093 (15) | 0.0165 (13) | 0.0003 (12) | −0.0018 (12) | −0.0006 (12) |
C4 | 0.0129 (16) | 0.0090 (15) | 0.0151 (12) | −0.0034 (12) | −0.0002 (12) | −0.0026 (11) |
C5 | 0.0134 (16) | 0.0106 (15) | 0.0184 (14) | −0.0012 (12) | −0.0027 (12) | −0.0011 (12) |
C6 | 0.0209 (17) | 0.0133 (16) | 0.0151 (13) | −0.0011 (13) | −0.0042 (12) | −0.0005 (12) |
C7 | 0.0169 (17) | 0.0142 (16) | 0.0136 (12) | −0.0019 (13) | 0.0014 (12) | −0.0028 (12) |
C8 | 0.0223 (19) | 0.0150 (17) | 0.0270 (16) | −0.0029 (14) | −0.0110 (14) | −0.0044 (14) |
C9 | 0.032 (2) | 0.0148 (17) | 0.0170 (14) | −0.0033 (14) | −0.0065 (14) | −0.0039 (12) |
C10 | 0.0236 (19) | 0.0122 (16) | 0.0220 (15) | 0.0011 (14) | 0.0007 (14) | −0.0041 (13) |
C11 | 0.0249 (19) | 0.0087 (16) | 0.0248 (16) | 0.0001 (13) | −0.0044 (14) | 0.0026 (13) |
C12 | 0.0239 (19) | 0.0123 (16) | 0.0236 (15) | −0.0066 (14) | −0.0012 (14) | 0.0004 (13) |
C13 | 0.0158 (16) | 0.0142 (16) | 0.0124 (12) | −0.0009 (13) | 0.0040 (12) | 0.0016 (12) |
C14 | 0.0202 (17) | 0.0134 (16) | 0.0146 (13) | −0.0012 (13) | 0.0008 (13) | 0.0018 (12) |
C15 | 0.0173 (17) | 0.0217 (18) | 0.0192 (14) | −0.0012 (14) | 0.0019 (13) | 0.0032 (13) |
C16 | 0.0230 (19) | 0.0201 (18) | 0.0215 (15) | 0.0086 (14) | 0.0079 (14) | 0.0033 (14) |
C17 | 0.028 (2) | 0.0195 (18) | 0.0198 (15) | 0.0017 (15) | 0.0061 (14) | −0.0035 (13) |
C18 | 0.0191 (18) | 0.0196 (18) | 0.0168 (13) | −0.0024 (14) | 0.0008 (13) | −0.0009 (13) |
C19 | 0.0138 (16) | 0.0110 (16) | 0.0199 (13) | 0.0015 (12) | 0.0023 (12) | −0.0004 (12) |
C20 | 0.026 (2) | 0.0179 (18) | 0.0194 (14) | −0.0039 (14) | −0.0016 (14) | 0.0025 (13) |
C21 | 0.031 (2) | 0.024 (2) | 0.0239 (16) | −0.0035 (16) | −0.0003 (15) | −0.0086 (15) |
C22 | 0.026 (2) | 0.0141 (17) | 0.0345 (18) | −0.0043 (15) | 0.0063 (16) | −0.0048 (15) |
C23 | 0.0215 (19) | 0.0136 (17) | 0.0320 (17) | 0.0019 (14) | 0.0048 (15) | 0.0046 (14) |
C24 | 0.0162 (17) | 0.0181 (17) | 0.0195 (14) | 0.0038 (14) | 0.0029 (13) | −0.0002 (13) |
C25 | 0.0213 (19) | 0.0170 (18) | 0.0251 (16) | −0.0028 (14) | −0.0058 (14) | 0.0026 (14) |
C26 | 0.0139 (16) | 0.0143 (16) | 0.0154 (13) | 0.0001 (13) | 0.0000 (12) | −0.0003 (12) |
C27 | 0.0124 (15) | 0.0117 (15) | 0.0150 (13) | 0.0000 (12) | −0.0002 (12) | 0.0027 (11) |
C28 | 0.0137 (16) | 0.0091 (15) | 0.0169 (13) | −0.0026 (12) | 0.0005 (12) | 0.0011 (12) |
C29 | 0.0144 (16) | 0.0096 (15) | 0.0201 (14) | −0.0015 (12) | −0.0023 (12) | −0.0002 (12) |
C30 | 0.0122 (16) | 0.0151 (17) | 0.0259 (15) | −0.0023 (13) | 0.0003 (13) | 0.0049 (13) |
C31 | 0.0151 (17) | 0.0140 (16) | 0.0187 (14) | 0.0014 (13) | 0.0019 (12) | 0.0035 (12) |
C32 | 0.026 (2) | 0.0089 (16) | 0.0287 (17) | −0.0016 (14) | −0.0042 (15) | −0.0015 (13) |
C33 | 0.0218 (19) | 0.0140 (17) | 0.0347 (18) | −0.0017 (14) | 0.0061 (15) | 0.0057 (15) |
C34 | 0.030 (2) | 0.0162 (18) | 0.0171 (14) | 0.0043 (15) | 0.0030 (14) | 0.0036 (13) |
C35 | 0.0238 (19) | 0.0151 (17) | 0.0209 (14) | 0.0055 (14) | −0.0052 (14) | 0.0015 (13) |
C36 | 0.027 (2) | 0.0114 (16) | 0.0213 (15) | 0.0050 (14) | 0.0010 (14) | −0.0005 (13) |
C37 | 0.0144 (16) | 0.0114 (15) | 0.0173 (13) | 0.0019 (12) | 0.0027 (12) | 0.0013 (12) |
C38 | 0.0167 (17) | 0.0135 (16) | 0.0196 (14) | −0.0006 (13) | 0.0053 (13) | 0.0025 (13) |
C39 | 0.0139 (17) | 0.0232 (18) | 0.0186 (14) | 0.0004 (14) | 0.0029 (12) | 0.0014 (13) |
C40 | 0.0231 (19) | 0.0234 (19) | 0.0157 (13) | 0.0062 (15) | 0.0059 (13) | 0.0032 (13) |
C41 | 0.0239 (19) | 0.0170 (18) | 0.0256 (16) | −0.0029 (15) | 0.0098 (14) | 0.0036 (14) |
C42 | 0.0153 (17) | 0.0172 (17) | 0.0218 (15) | −0.0009 (14) | 0.0025 (13) | −0.0022 (13) |
C43 | 0.0180 (17) | 0.0108 (16) | 0.0165 (13) | 0.0003 (13) | −0.0059 (12) | −0.0016 (12) |
C44 | 0.0187 (18) | 0.0175 (18) | 0.0245 (15) | 0.0019 (14) | −0.0025 (14) | 0.0040 (14) |
C45 | 0.032 (2) | 0.0130 (17) | 0.0310 (17) | −0.0080 (15) | −0.0105 (16) | 0.0059 (15) |
C46 | 0.038 (2) | 0.0128 (17) | 0.0227 (16) | 0.0040 (15) | −0.0113 (16) | −0.0026 (14) |
C47 | 0.029 (2) | 0.0181 (18) | 0.0185 (14) | 0.0077 (15) | −0.0044 (14) | −0.0031 (13) |
C48 | 0.0231 (19) | 0.0166 (18) | 0.0197 (14) | 0.0013 (14) | −0.0003 (14) | 0.0000 (13) |
C49 | 0.037 (3) | 0.021 (2) | 0.074 (3) | 0.0029 (18) | 0.023 (2) | 0.008 (2) |
N1 | 0.0150 (15) | 0.0117 (13) | 0.0150 (12) | 0.0027 (11) | −0.0011 (11) | −0.0007 (10) |
P1 | 0.0145 (4) | 0.0123 (4) | 0.0131 (3) | −0.0007 (3) | −0.0008 (3) | 0.0002 (3) |
P2 | 0.0132 (4) | 0.0113 (4) | 0.0172 (3) | −0.0007 (3) | −0.0011 (3) | −0.0013 (3) |
Cl1 | 0.0394 (6) | 0.0249 (5) | 0.0257 (4) | −0.0043 (4) | 0.0090 (4) | 0.0017 (4) |
Cl2 | 0.0363 (6) | 0.0189 (4) | 0.0258 (4) | −0.0014 (4) | 0.0093 (4) | −0.0004 (3) |
Fe1 | 0.0143 (2) | 0.0102 (2) | 0.01322 (17) | −0.00054 (18) | −0.00217 (17) | 0.00136 (17) |
Fe2 | 0.0141 (2) | 0.0099 (2) | 0.01633 (19) | 0.00013 (18) | −0.00018 (18) | 0.00051 (17) |
Br1 | 0.02010 (19) | 0.0307 (2) | 0.02272 (15) | −0.00139 (16) | 0.00429 (14) | −0.00784 (15) |
C1—C2 | 1.521 (4) | C25—H25C | 0.9800 |
C1—H1A | 0.9800 | C26—C27 | 1.494 (4) |
C1—H1B | 0.9800 | C26—N1 | 1.521 (4) |
C1—H1C | 0.9800 | C26—H26 | 1.0000 |
C2—C3 | 1.488 (4) | C27—C31 | 1.439 (4) |
C2—N1 | 1.525 (4) | C27—C28 | 1.456 (4) |
C2—H2 | 1.0000 | C27—Fe2 | 2.055 (3) |
C3—C7 | 1.443 (4) | C28—C29 | 1.431 (4) |
C3—C4 | 1.445 (4) | C28—P2 | 1.826 (3) |
C3—Fe1 | 2.022 (3) | C28—Fe2 | 2.058 (3) |
C4—C5 | 1.435 (4) | C29—C30 | 1.422 (4) |
C4—P1 | 1.818 (3) | C29—Fe2 | 2.038 (3) |
C4—Fe1 | 2.046 (3) | C29—H29 | 1.0000 |
C5—C6 | 1.422 (4) | C30—C31 | 1.423 (5) |
C5—Fe1 | 2.049 (3) | C30—Fe2 | 2.042 (3) |
C5—H5 | 1.0000 | C30—H30 | 1.0000 |
C6—C7 | 1.415 (5) | C31—Fe2 | 2.041 (3) |
C6—Fe1 | 2.055 (3) | C31—H31 | 1.0000 |
C6—H6 | 1.0000 | C32—C36 | 1.416 (5) |
C7—Fe1 | 2.051 (3) | C32—C33 | 1.422 (5) |
C7—H7 | 1.0000 | C32—Fe2 | 2.041 (3) |
C8—C9 | 1.416 (5) | C32—H32 | 1.0000 |
C8—C12 | 1.420 (5) | C33—C34 | 1.423 (5) |
C8—Fe1 | 2.053 (3) | C33—Fe2 | 2.039 (3) |
C8—H8 | 1.0000 | C33—H33 | 1.0000 |
C9—C10 | 1.427 (5) | C34—C35 | 1.421 (5) |
C9—Fe1 | 2.055 (3) | C34—Fe2 | 2.060 (3) |
C9—H9 | 1.0000 | C34—H34 | 1.0000 |
C10—C11 | 1.419 (5) | C35—C36 | 1.421 (4) |
C10—Fe1 | 2.058 (3) | C35—Fe2 | 2.064 (3) |
C10—H10 | 1.0000 | C35—H35 | 1.0000 |
C11—C12 | 1.425 (5) | C36—Fe2 | 2.050 (3) |
C11—Fe1 | 2.048 (3) | C36—H36 | 1.0000 |
C11—H11 | 1.0000 | C37—C38 | 1.399 (5) |
C12—Fe1 | 2.045 (3) | C37—C42 | 1.401 (4) |
C12—H12 | 1.0000 | C37—P2 | 1.836 (3) |
C13—C18 | 1.396 (4) | C38—C39 | 1.389 (4) |
C13—C14 | 1.397 (4) | C38—H38 | 0.9500 |
C13—P1 | 1.837 (3) | C39—C40 | 1.380 (5) |
C14—C15 | 1.393 (5) | C39—H39 | 0.9500 |
C14—H14 | 0.9500 | C40—C41 | 1.376 (5) |
C15—C16 | 1.380 (5) | C40—H40 | 0.9500 |
C15—H15 | 0.9500 | C41—C42 | 1.394 (5) |
C16—C17 | 1.379 (5) | C41—H41 | 0.9500 |
C16—H16 | 0.9500 | C42—H42 | 0.9500 |
C17—C18 | 1.390 (5) | C43—C44 | 1.393 (5) |
C17—H17 | 0.9500 | C43—C48 | 1.396 (5) |
C18—H18 | 0.9500 | C43—P2 | 1.831 (3) |
C19—C20 | 1.394 (4) | C44—C45 | 1.398 (5) |
C19—C24 | 1.405 (4) | C44—H44 | 0.9500 |
C19—P1 | 1.838 (3) | C45—C46 | 1.381 (5) |
C20—C21 | 1.384 (5) | C45—H45 | 0.9500 |
C20—H20 | 0.9500 | C46—C47 | 1.373 (5) |
C21—C22 | 1.382 (5) | C46—H46 | 0.9500 |
C21—H21 | 0.9500 | C47—C48 | 1.378 (5) |
C22—C23 | 1.389 (5) | C47—H47 | 0.9500 |
C22—H22 | 0.9500 | C48—H48 | 0.9500 |
C23—C24 | 1.386 (5) | C49—Cl2 | 1.754 (4) |
C23—H23 | 0.9500 | C49—Cl1 | 1.758 (4) |
C24—H24 | 0.9500 | C49—H49A | 0.9900 |
C25—C26 | 1.516 (4) | C49—H49B | 0.9900 |
C25—H25A | 0.9800 | N1—HN1 | 0.92 (4) |
C25—H25B | 0.9800 | N1—HN2 | 0.83 (4) |
C2—C1—H1A | 109.5 | C35—C34—C33 | 107.8 (3) |
C2—C1—H1B | 109.5 | C35—C34—Fe2 | 70.00 (18) |
H1A—C1—H1B | 109.5 | C33—C34—Fe2 | 68.92 (19) |
C2—C1—H1C | 109.5 | C35—C34—H34 | 126.1 |
H1A—C1—H1C | 109.5 | C33—C34—H34 | 126.1 |
H1B—C1—H1C | 109.5 | Fe2—C34—H34 | 126.1 |
C3—C2—C1 | 114.7 (3) | C34—C35—C36 | 108.1 (3) |
C3—C2—N1 | 107.3 (2) | C34—C35—Fe2 | 69.70 (19) |
C1—C2—N1 | 109.3 (3) | C36—C35—Fe2 | 69.25 (18) |
C3—C2—H2 | 108.5 | C34—C35—H35 | 126.0 |
C1—C2—H2 | 108.5 | C36—C35—H35 | 126.0 |
N1—C2—H2 | 108.5 | Fe2—C35—H35 | 126.0 |
C7—C3—C4 | 107.7 (3) | C32—C36—C35 | 108.1 (3) |
C7—C3—C2 | 127.5 (3) | C32—C36—Fe2 | 69.42 (19) |
C4—C3—C2 | 124.6 (3) | C35—C36—Fe2 | 70.32 (18) |
C7—C3—Fe1 | 70.33 (17) | C32—C36—H36 | 126.0 |
C4—C3—Fe1 | 70.09 (17) | C35—C36—H36 | 126.0 |
C2—C3—Fe1 | 129.0 (2) | Fe2—C36—H36 | 126.0 |
C5—C4—C3 | 107.1 (3) | C38—C37—C42 | 119.1 (3) |
C5—C4—P1 | 130.1 (2) | C38—C37—P2 | 124.5 (2) |
C3—C4—P1 | 122.8 (2) | C42—C37—P2 | 116.4 (2) |
C5—C4—Fe1 | 69.62 (18) | C39—C38—C37 | 119.9 (3) |
C3—C4—Fe1 | 68.32 (17) | C39—C38—H38 | 120.0 |
P1—C4—Fe1 | 126.02 (15) | C37—C38—H38 | 120.0 |
C6—C5—C4 | 108.5 (3) | C40—C39—C38 | 120.3 (3) |
C6—C5—Fe1 | 69.96 (18) | C40—C39—H39 | 119.8 |
C4—C5—Fe1 | 69.37 (17) | C38—C39—H39 | 119.8 |
C6—C5—H5 | 125.8 | C41—C40—C39 | 120.4 (3) |
C4—C5—H5 | 125.8 | C41—C40—H40 | 119.8 |
Fe1—C5—H5 | 125.8 | C39—C40—H40 | 119.8 |
C7—C6—C5 | 108.7 (3) | C40—C41—C42 | 120.2 (3) |
C7—C6—Fe1 | 69.68 (17) | C40—C41—H41 | 119.9 |
C5—C6—Fe1 | 69.50 (17) | C42—C41—H41 | 119.9 |
C7—C6—H6 | 125.6 | C41—C42—C37 | 119.9 (3) |
C5—C6—H6 | 125.6 | C41—C42—H42 | 120.0 |
Fe1—C6—H6 | 125.6 | C37—C42—H42 | 120.0 |
C6—C7—C3 | 107.9 (3) | C44—C43—C48 | 118.0 (3) |
C6—C7—Fe1 | 70.01 (18) | C44—C43—P2 | 126.2 (3) |
C3—C7—Fe1 | 68.18 (16) | C48—C43—P2 | 115.8 (3) |
C6—C7—H7 | 126.0 | C43—C44—C45 | 120.4 (3) |
C3—C7—H7 | 126.0 | C43—C44—H44 | 119.8 |
Fe1—C7—H7 | 126.0 | C45—C44—H44 | 119.8 |
C9—C8—C12 | 108.4 (3) | C46—C45—C44 | 119.9 (3) |
C9—C8—Fe1 | 69.90 (19) | C46—C45—H45 | 120.0 |
C12—C8—Fe1 | 69.41 (19) | C44—C45—H45 | 120.0 |
C9—C8—H8 | 125.8 | C47—C46—C45 | 120.3 (3) |
C12—C8—H8 | 125.8 | C47—C46—H46 | 119.8 |
Fe1—C8—H8 | 125.8 | C45—C46—H46 | 119.8 |
C8—C9—C10 | 107.8 (3) | C46—C47—C48 | 119.8 (4) |
C8—C9—Fe1 | 69.76 (19) | C46—C47—H47 | 120.1 |
C10—C9—Fe1 | 69.80 (18) | C48—C47—H47 | 120.1 |
C8—C9—H9 | 126.1 | C47—C48—C43 | 121.6 (3) |
C10—C9—H9 | 126.1 | C47—C48—H48 | 119.2 |
Fe1—C9—H9 | 126.1 | C43—C48—H48 | 119.2 |
C11—C10—C9 | 108.0 (3) | Cl2—C49—Cl1 | 111.8 (2) |
C11—C10—Fe1 | 69.42 (19) | Cl2—C49—H49A | 109.2 |
C9—C10—Fe1 | 69.58 (19) | Cl1—C49—H49A | 109.2 |
C11—C10—H10 | 126.0 | Cl2—C49—H49B | 109.2 |
C9—C10—H10 | 126.0 | Cl1—C49—H49B | 109.2 |
Fe1—C10—H10 | 126.0 | H49A—C49—H49B | 107.9 |
C10—C11—C12 | 108.0 (3) | C26—N1—C2 | 117.5 (2) |
C10—C11—Fe1 | 70.14 (19) | C26—N1—HN1 | 112 (2) |
C12—C11—Fe1 | 69.49 (19) | C2—N1—HN1 | 113 (2) |
C10—C11—H11 | 126.0 | C26—N1—HN2 | 104 (3) |
C12—C11—H11 | 126.0 | C2—N1—HN2 | 106 (3) |
Fe1—C11—H11 | 126.0 | HN1—N1—HN2 | 103 (3) |
C8—C12—C11 | 107.8 (3) | C4—P1—C13 | 102.08 (14) |
C8—C12—Fe1 | 70.0 (2) | C4—P1—C19 | 100.99 (14) |
C11—C12—Fe1 | 69.77 (18) | C13—P1—C19 | 102.68 (14) |
C8—C12—H12 | 126.1 | C28—P2—C43 | 103.69 (15) |
C11—C12—H12 | 126.1 | C28—P2—C37 | 103.33 (14) |
Fe1—C12—H12 | 126.1 | C43—P2—C37 | 101.34 (14) |
C18—C13—C14 | 118.3 (3) | C3—Fe1—C12 | 128.57 (14) |
C18—C13—P1 | 116.7 (2) | C3—Fe1—C4 | 41.59 (12) |
C14—C13—P1 | 124.9 (2) | C12—Fe1—C4 | 168.69 (13) |
C15—C14—C13 | 120.3 (3) | C3—Fe1—C11 | 166.34 (13) |
C15—C14—H14 | 119.8 | C12—Fe1—C11 | 40.74 (14) |
C13—C14—H14 | 119.8 | C4—Fe1—C11 | 150.05 (13) |
C16—C15—C14 | 120.4 (3) | C3—Fe1—C5 | 69.36 (13) |
C16—C15—H15 | 119.8 | C12—Fe1—C5 | 148.54 (13) |
C14—C15—H15 | 119.8 | C4—Fe1—C5 | 41.02 (12) |
C17—C16—C15 | 120.2 (3) | C11—Fe1—C5 | 115.89 (13) |
C17—C16—H16 | 119.9 | C3—Fe1—C7 | 41.49 (12) |
C15—C16—H16 | 119.9 | C12—Fe1—C7 | 106.61 (13) |
C16—C17—C18 | 119.7 (3) | C4—Fe1—C7 | 69.37 (12) |
C16—C17—H17 | 120.1 | C11—Fe1—C7 | 126.83 (13) |
C18—C17—H17 | 120.1 | C5—Fe1—C7 | 68.45 (13) |
C17—C18—C13 | 121.1 (3) | C3—Fe1—C8 | 109.07 (13) |
C17—C18—H18 | 119.4 | C12—Fe1—C8 | 40.54 (13) |
C13—C18—H18 | 119.4 | C4—Fe1—C8 | 131.05 (13) |
C20—C19—C24 | 117.7 (3) | C11—Fe1—C8 | 68.17 (14) |
C20—C19—P1 | 125.3 (3) | C5—Fe1—C8 | 169.44 (13) |
C24—C19—P1 | 117.0 (2) | C7—Fe1—C8 | 117.77 (14) |
C21—C20—C19 | 121.2 (3) | C3—Fe1—C9 | 118.93 (13) |
C21—C20—H20 | 119.4 | C12—Fe1—C9 | 68.27 (14) |
C19—C20—H20 | 119.4 | C4—Fe1—C9 | 109.98 (13) |
C22—C21—C20 | 120.5 (3) | C11—Fe1—C9 | 68.29 (13) |
C22—C21—H21 | 119.8 | C5—Fe1—C9 | 130.53 (14) |
C20—C21—H21 | 119.8 | C7—Fe1—C9 | 151.94 (14) |
C21—C22—C23 | 119.5 (3) | C8—Fe1—C9 | 40.34 (14) |
C21—C22—H22 | 120.2 | C3—Fe1—C6 | 69.05 (12) |
C23—C22—H22 | 120.2 | C12—Fe1—C6 | 115.44 (13) |
C24—C23—C22 | 120.1 (3) | C4—Fe1—C6 | 68.83 (12) |
C24—C23—H23 | 120.0 | C11—Fe1—C6 | 106.15 (13) |
C22—C23—H23 | 120.0 | C5—Fe1—C6 | 40.54 (12) |
C23—C24—C19 | 121.0 (3) | C7—Fe1—C6 | 40.32 (13) |
C23—C24—H24 | 119.5 | C8—Fe1—C6 | 149.55 (14) |
C19—C24—H24 | 119.5 | C9—Fe1—C6 | 167.46 (14) |
C26—C25—H25A | 109.5 | C3—Fe1—C10 | 152.29 (13) |
C26—C25—H25B | 109.5 | C12—Fe1—C10 | 68.23 (14) |
H25A—C25—H25B | 109.5 | C4—Fe1—C10 | 118.27 (13) |
C26—C25—H25C | 109.5 | C11—Fe1—C10 | 40.44 (13) |
H25A—C25—H25C | 109.5 | C5—Fe1—C10 | 108.27 (14) |
H25B—C25—H25C | 109.5 | C7—Fe1—C10 | 165.26 (13) |
C27—C26—C25 | 117.3 (3) | C8—Fe1—C10 | 67.96 (15) |
C27—C26—N1 | 110.1 (3) | C9—Fe1—C10 | 40.62 (13) |
C25—C26—N1 | 106.8 (2) | C6—Fe1—C10 | 128.06 (14) |
C27—C26—H26 | 107.4 | C29—Fe2—C33 | 137.41 (13) |
C25—C26—H26 | 107.4 | C29—Fe2—C32 | 177.84 (13) |
N1—C26—H26 | 107.4 | C33—Fe2—C32 | 40.80 (13) |
C31—C27—C28 | 107.4 (3) | C29—Fe2—C31 | 68.86 (13) |
C31—C27—C26 | 127.8 (3) | C33—Fe2—C31 | 144.63 (14) |
C28—C27—C26 | 124.6 (3) | C32—Fe2—C31 | 113.29 (13) |
C31—C27—Fe2 | 68.90 (17) | C29—Fe2—C30 | 40.80 (13) |
C28—C27—Fe2 | 69.37 (17) | C33—Fe2—C30 | 174.39 (14) |
C26—C27—Fe2 | 131.1 (2) | C32—Fe2—C30 | 140.80 (14) |
C29—C28—C27 | 107.1 (3) | C31—Fe2—C30 | 40.78 (13) |
C29—C28—P2 | 132.0 (2) | C29—Fe2—C36 | 139.24 (14) |
C27—C28—P2 | 120.9 (2) | C33—Fe2—C36 | 68.33 (14) |
C29—C28—Fe2 | 68.79 (18) | C32—Fe2—C36 | 40.51 (14) |
C27—C28—Fe2 | 69.17 (17) | C31—Fe2—C36 | 108.50 (13) |
P2—C28—Fe2 | 125.03 (16) | C30—Fe2—C36 | 109.85 (14) |
C30—C29—C28 | 108.9 (3) | C29—Fe2—C27 | 69.13 (12) |
C30—C29—Fe2 | 69.77 (18) | C33—Fe2—C27 | 116.16 (14) |
C28—C29—Fe2 | 70.31 (18) | C32—Fe2—C27 | 112.51 (13) |
C30—C29—H29 | 125.5 | C31—Fe2—C27 | 41.14 (12) |
C28—C29—H29 | 125.5 | C30—Fe2—C27 | 68.97 (13) |
Fe2—C29—H29 | 125.5 | C36—Fe2—C27 | 136.55 (13) |
C29—C30—C31 | 108.3 (3) | C29—Fe2—C28 | 40.91 (12) |
C29—C30—Fe2 | 69.43 (18) | C33—Fe2—C28 | 113.02 (14) |
C31—C30—Fe2 | 69.57 (18) | C32—Fe2—C28 | 139.47 (13) |
C29—C30—H30 | 125.8 | C31—Fe2—C28 | 69.39 (12) |
C31—C30—H30 | 125.8 | C30—Fe2—C28 | 68.98 (13) |
Fe2—C30—H30 | 125.8 | C36—Fe2—C28 | 177.83 (12) |
C30—C31—C27 | 108.3 (3) | C27—Fe2—C28 | 41.46 (12) |
C30—C31—Fe2 | 69.65 (18) | C29—Fe2—C34 | 109.54 (13) |
C27—C31—Fe2 | 69.96 (17) | C33—Fe2—C34 | 40.61 (14) |
C30—C31—H31 | 125.8 | C32—Fe2—C34 | 68.31 (13) |
C27—C31—H31 | 125.8 | C31—Fe2—C34 | 173.18 (14) |
Fe2—C31—H31 | 125.8 | C30—Fe2—C34 | 133.84 (14) |
C36—C32—C33 | 108.0 (3) | C36—Fe2—C34 | 68.09 (13) |
C36—C32—Fe2 | 70.07 (19) | C27—Fe2—C34 | 145.19 (13) |
C33—C32—Fe2 | 69.54 (19) | C28—Fe2—C34 | 114.07 (13) |
C36—C32—H32 | 126.0 | C29—Fe2—C35 | 110.46 (13) |
C33—C32—H32 | 126.0 | C33—Fe2—C35 | 68.08 (15) |
Fe2—C32—H32 | 126.0 | C32—Fe2—C35 | 68.05 (14) |
C32—C33—C34 | 108.0 (3) | C31—Fe2—C35 | 133.38 (14) |
C32—C33—Fe2 | 69.66 (19) | C30—Fe2—C35 | 106.95 (14) |
C34—C33—Fe2 | 70.47 (19) | C36—Fe2—C35 | 40.43 (12) |
C32—C33—H33 | 126.0 | C27—Fe2—C35 | 174.50 (13) |
C34—C33—H33 | 126.0 | C28—Fe2—C35 | 141.44 (13) |
Fe2—C33—H33 | 126.0 | C34—Fe2—C35 | 40.30 (13) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N1—HN1···Br1 | 0.92 (4) | 2.32 (4) | 3.228 (3) | 172 (3) |
Acknowledgements
The X-ray centre of TU Wien is acknowledged for financial support and for providing access to the single-crystal diffractometer.
Funding information
Funding for this research was provided by: Austrian Science Fund (award No. T 631-N28).
References
Bruker (2015). APEX2, SAINT-Plus and SADABS. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Google Scholar
Dai, L. X., Tu, T., You, S. L., Deng, W. P. & Hou, X. L. (2003). Acc. Chem. Res. 36, 659–667. Web of Science CrossRef PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Flack, H. D. (1983). Acta Cryst. A39, 876–881. CrossRef CAS Web of Science IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Gischig, S. & Togni, A. (2005). Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. pp. 4745–4754. Web of Science CSD CrossRef Google Scholar
Groom, C. R., Bruno, I. J., Lightfoot, M. P. & Ward, S. C. (2016). Acta Cryst. B72, 171–179. Web of Science CSD CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Hargaden, G. C. & Guiry, P. J. (2009). Chem. Rev. 109, 2505–2550. Web of Science CrossRef PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Helmchen, G. & Pfaltz, A. (2000). Acc. Chem. Res. 33, 336–345. Web of Science CrossRef PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Macrae, C. F., Edgington, P. R., McCabe, P., Pidcock, E., Shields, G. P., Taylor, R., Towler, M. & van de Streek, J. (2006). J. Appl. Cryst. 39, 453–457. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
McManus, H. A. & Guiry, P. J. (2004). Chem. Rev. 104, 4151–4202. Web of Science CrossRef PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Miyake, Y., Nishibayashi, Y. & Uemura, S. (2008). Synlett, pp. 1747–1758. Google Scholar
Parsons, S., Flack, H. D. & Wagner, T. (2013). Acta Cryst. B69, 249–259. Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Reddy, P. A. N., Md, N. S. & Kim, T.-J. (2007). Acta Cryst. E63, m971–m972. Web of Science CSD CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Sheldrick, G. M. (2015a). Acta Cryst. A71, 3–8. Web of Science CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Sheldrick, G. M. (2015b). Acta Cryst. C71, 3–8. Web of Science CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Spek, A. L. (2009). Acta Cryst. D65, 148–155. Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Štěpnička, P. (2008). Editor. Ferrocenes: Ligands, Materials and Biomolecules. Chichester: Wiley. Google Scholar
Sutcliffe, O. B. & Bryce, M. R. (2003). Tetrahedron Asymmetry, 14, 2297–2325. Web of Science CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Szabo, K. J. & Wendt, O. F. (2014). In Pincer and Pincer-Type Complexes: Applications in Organic Synthesis and Catalysis. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. Google Scholar
Westrip, S. P. (2010). J. Appl. Cryst. 43, 920–925. Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
You, S.-L., Hou, X.-L., Dai, L.-X., Cao, B.-X. & Sun, J. (2000). Chem. Commun. pp. 1933–1934. Web of Science CrossRef Google Scholar
Zhou, Z.-M. & Zhang, Y.-M. (2005). Synth. Commun. 35, 2401–2408. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Zirakzadeh, A., Kirchner, K., Roller, A., Stöger, B., Carvalho, M. D. & Ferreira, L. P. (2016). RSC Adv. 6, 11840–11847. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are cited.