research communications
Epalrestat tetrahydrofuran monosolvate:
and phase transitionaSchool of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo 145-8501, Japan
*Correspondence e-mail: e-yonemochi@hoshi.ac.jp
The title compound, epalrestat {systematic name: (5Z)-5-[(2E)-2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidine-3-acetic acid}, crystallized as a tetrahydrofuran monosolvate, C15H13NO3S2·C4H8O. Epalrestat, an important drug for diabetic neuropathy, has been reported to exist in polymphic, solvated and forms. In the molecule reported here, the phenyl ring is inclined to the rhodamine ring by 22.31 (9)°, and the acetic acid group is almost normal to the rhodamine ring, making a dihedral angle of 88.66 (11)°. In the crystal, pairs of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are observed between the carboxylic acid groups of epalerstat molecules, forming inversion dimers with an R22(8) loop. The dimers are linked by pairs of C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along [101]. The solvate molecules are linked to the chain by a C—H⋯O(tetrahydrofuran) hydrogen bond. A combination of and powder X-ray diffraction revealed that title compound desolvated into epalerstat Form II. One C atom of the tetrahydrofuran solvate molecule is positionally disordered and has a refined occupancy ratio of 0.527 (18):0.473 (18).
Keywords: crystal structure; epalerstat; tetrahydrofuran; monosolvate; hydrogen bonding.
CCDC reference: 1553010
1. Chemical context
Solid-state characterization is an important aspect in the regulation and development as well as intellectual property matter of drugs. Its necessity is based on the requirement to determine the solid-state structure of the drugs because pharmaceutical materials have the ability to exist in various forms, such as polymorphs, salts, co-crystals, and solvates (Putra et al., 2016a,b). An important class of pharmaceutical materials is solvates, which are defined as being a crystalline multi-component system in which a solvent(s) is accommodated within the in a stochiometric or non-stochiometric manner (Griesser, 2006). Over the past decades, many different solvates with readily discernible physicochemical properties and marked differences in their performances have been reported (Iwata et al., 2014; Furuta et al., 2015). Different solvate formations play a significant role in drug development because of their physical instability and the potential toxicity from the solvent molecules. In addition, a tendency to form a solvate sometimes limits the number of solvents available for drug development and manufacturing processes (Campeta et al., 2010). Therefore, the study of solvate formation is extremely important for the pharmaceutical industry.
Epalerstat is an aldose reductase inhibitor and is used for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, which is one of the most common long-term complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. The mechanism of epalerstat is thought to inhibit the first enzyme in the polyol pathway, which converts glucose to sorbitol. Sorbitol itself has been considered to be the cause for diabetic complications including diabetic neuropathy (Miyamoto, 2002; Ramirez & Borja, 2008). The solid-state forms of epalerstat as well as their properties have been widely investigated.
It is known that this drug exists in five polymorphic forms, of which three polymorphic structures have been determined by single crystal X-ray structure analysis and two forms have been characterized by spectroscopic methods. The three crystal forms are: Form I (triclinic, P; Igarashi et al., 2013; Swapna et al., 2016), Form II (monoclinic, C2/c), and Form III (monoclinic, P21/c; Swapna et al., 2016). In addition, the Z,Z isomer of epalerstat has been determined crystallographically (Swapna et al., 2016). It has also been reported to exist in multi-component crystal forms, such as solvates with ethanol (Ishida et al., 1990), methanol (Igarashi et al., 2015), methanol disolvate (Nagase et al., 2016), dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide and as a with caffeine (Putra et al., 2017). The occurrence of solvated epalerstat crystals themselves is not unexpected owing to the imbalance between the potential donors and acceptors of hydrogen bonds in the epalerstat structure. In the present study, we report on the of epalerstat in a new solvated form (tetrahydrofuran monosolvate), and on its thermal behaviour by different physicochemical methods.
2. Structural commentary
The molecular structure of epalerstat tetrahydrofuran monosolvate is illustrated in Fig. 1. The values of all bond distances and angles, and dihedral angles appear to be within normal limits according to the Mogul geometry check within the CSD software (Bruno et al., 2004; CSD, Version 5.38, update February 2017; Groom et al., 2016). The phenyl ring is inclined to the five-membered ring of the rhodamine unit (N1/S1/C11–C13) by 22.31 (9)°. The acetic acid group (C14/C15/O2/O3) is almost normal to five-membered ring of the rhodamine unit with a dihedral angle of 88.66 (11)°. In addition, the mean plane of the methylpropenylidene (C7–C10) unit is inclined to the phenyl and rhodamine rings by 29.43 (11) and 9.19 (11)°, respectively.
3. Supramolecular features
In the crystal, each epalerstat molecule is connected to two other epalerstat molecules and one tetrahydrofuran molecule by both conventional and non-conventional hydrogen bonds. Numerical details of the hydrogen bonds are listed in Table 1 and are illustrated in Fig. 2. A pair of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds is observed between the carboxylic moieties of epalerstat molecules, forming an inversion dimer with an R22(8) loop. The dimers are linked by pairs of C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along [101]. The solvate molecules are linked to the chain by a C—H⋯Ot (t = THF) hydrogen bond.
4. – thermal behaviour and powder X-ray diffraction
In order to understand the thermal behaviour of this solvate at elevated temperatures, the sample was investigated by thermal gravimetry–differential scanning and 4). The TG–DSC measurement was performed in the temperature region from room temperature to 448 K at a rate of 3 K min−1. In addition, the PXRD–DSC measurement was conducted from room temperature to 383 K at a heating rate of 3 K min−1.
(TG–DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction–differential scanning (PXRD–DSC) methods (Figs. 3The mass loss started from 341.8–357.5 K and the onset peak appeared at 348 K. The total mass loss was observed to be 18.1%, which is almost equivalent to the loss of one molecule of tetrahydrofuran (the theoretical value corresponding to one tetrahydrofuran molecule is 18.4%). Therefore, the occupancy of the solvent molecule was fixed at 1 during crystal-structure −1(8.3 × 10−4 kJ mol−1).
The mass loss corresponds to the process indicated by the existence of a broad endothermic peak, which occurs in the DSC thermogram at a similar temperature. The of was estimated to be −60.5 J gIn order to understand the phase transformation during the heating, a PXRD–DSC measurement was carried out. The
temperature observed by PXRD–DSC was slightly different compared to the TG-DSC measurement. The started from 303–343 K in this case. The differences in temperature derived from TG–DSC and PXRD–DSC seem to be reasonable due the differences in the experimental conditions of both the methods. A closed pan system was used in the TG–DSC measurement, while an open pan system was applied in the PXRD–DSC measurement. By comparing the powder X-ray diffractogram to those for the reported polymorphic forms of epalerstat, it was seen that epalerstat tetrahydrofuran monosolvate desolvated into epalerstat.5. Database survey
A search of the Cambridge Structural Database (Version 5.38, update February 2017; Groom et al., 2016) for epalerstat yielded nine hits. They include, the methanol disolvate (EHEQUF; Nagase et al., 2016), the Z,Z isomer (LALZEG; Swapna et al., 2016), the ethanol solvate (SALVIK; Ishida et al., 1989; SALVIK10; Ishida et al., 1990), the methanol monosolvate (XUBVOH; Igarashi et al., 2015), and Form I: triclinic, P (ZIPKOA; Igarashi et al., 2013; ZIPKOA3; Swapna et al., 2016), Form II: monoclinic, C2/c (ZIPLOA02; Swapna et al., 2016) and Form III: monoclinic, P21/n (ZIPKOA01; Swapna et al., 2016).
6. Synthesis and crystallization
Epalerstat form I (700 mg) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 ml) and the solution was kept for one week at room temperature, after which yellow plate-like crystals of the title compound were obtained.
7. details
Crystal data, data collection and structure . The OH H atom was located in a difference-Fourier map and freely refined. The C-bound H atoms were included in calculated positions and treated as riding: C—H = 0.9–1.0 Å with Uiso(H) = 1.5Uiso(C-methyl) and 1.2Uiso(C) for other H atoms. One C atom (C17) of the tetrahydrofuran molecule is positionally disordered and has a refined occupancy ratio (C17A:C17B) of 0.527 (18):0.473 (18).
details are summarized in Table 2Supporting information
CCDC reference: 1553010
https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989017007976/su5372sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989017007976/su5372Isup2.hkl
Supporting information file. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989017007976/su5372Isup3.cml
Data collection: PROCESS-AUTO (Rigaku, 1998); cell
PROCESS-AUTO (Rigaku, 1998); data reduction: PROCESS-AUTO (Rigaku, 1998); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS2014 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL2016 (Sheldrick, 2015); molecular graphics: Mercury (Macrae et al., 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL2016 (Sheldrick, 2015), PLATON (Spek, 2009) and publCIF (Westrip, 2010).C15H13NO3S2·C4H8O | Z = 2 |
Mr = 391.49 | F(000) = 412 |
Triclinic, P1 | Dx = 1.393 Mg m−3 |
a = 7.8956 (3) Å | Cu Kα radiation, λ = 1.54187 Å |
b = 8.9627 (3) Å | Cell parameters from 10947 reflections |
c = 15.0311 (4) Å | θ = 3.1–68.2° |
α = 102.263 (7)° | µ = 2.80 mm−1 |
β = 93.970 (7)° | T = 93 K |
γ = 114.219 (8)° | Plate, yellow |
V = 933.23 (8) Å3 | 0.44 × 0.33 × 0.12 mm |
RIGAKU R-AXIS RAPID II diffractometer | 3342 independent reflections |
Radiation source: Rotating Anode X-ray, RIGAKU | 3184 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Detector resolution: 10.0 pixels mm-1 | Rint = 0.029 |
ω scan | θmax = 68.2°, θmin = 3.1° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (ABSCOR; Higashi, 1995) | h = −9→9 |
Tmin = 0.365, Tmax = 0.721 | k = −10→10 |
10947 measured reflections | l = −18→17 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.036 | Hydrogen site location: mixed |
wR(F2) = 0.097 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 1.03 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0508P)2 + 0.6912P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
3342 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
250 parameters | Δρmax = 0.54 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.41 e Å−3 |
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | Occ. (<1) | |
S1 | 0.90767 (6) | 0.79772 (6) | 0.58395 (3) | 0.02165 (13) | |
S2 | 1.23488 (6) | 0.84882 (6) | 0.71815 (3) | 0.02648 (14) | |
O1 | 0.54949 (17) | 0.57699 (17) | 0.72847 (9) | 0.0272 (3) | |
O2 | 0.91598 (19) | 0.92945 (16) | 0.88861 (8) | 0.0262 (3) | |
O3 | 1.0248 (2) | 0.80276 (18) | 0.97606 (9) | 0.0284 (3) | |
H3O | 1.040 (4) | 0.892 (4) | 1.024 (2) | 0.057 (8)* | |
O4 | 0.6533 (3) | 0.4293 (2) | 0.93062 (11) | 0.0564 (5) | |
N1 | 0.8689 (2) | 0.69156 (18) | 0.73069 (9) | 0.0196 (3) | |
C1 | 0.0117 (3) | 0.7933 (2) | 0.23383 (12) | 0.0256 (4) | |
H1 | −0.051735 | 0.810846 | 0.183855 | 0.031* | |
C2 | −0.0869 (3) | 0.6655 (2) | 0.27480 (12) | 0.0250 (4) | |
H2 | −0.217761 | 0.595502 | 0.253129 | 0.030* | |
C3 | 0.0074 (2) | 0.6411 (2) | 0.34754 (12) | 0.0221 (4) | |
H3 | −0.061146 | 0.555352 | 0.376304 | 0.026* | |
C4 | 0.2013 (2) | 0.7396 (2) | 0.37977 (12) | 0.0202 (4) | |
C5 | 0.2977 (2) | 0.8696 (2) | 0.33820 (12) | 0.0228 (4) | |
H5 | 0.428474 | 0.940352 | 0.359631 | 0.027* | |
C6 | 0.2027 (3) | 0.8951 (2) | 0.26601 (13) | 0.0248 (4) | |
H6 | 0.269248 | 0.983274 | 0.238333 | 0.030* | |
C7 | 0.2896 (2) | 0.7040 (2) | 0.45644 (12) | 0.0213 (4) | |
H7 | 0.207244 | 0.655152 | 0.496164 | 0.026* | |
C8 | 0.4705 (2) | 0.7296 (2) | 0.47979 (12) | 0.0206 (4) | |
C9 | 0.6252 (3) | 0.7977 (3) | 0.42567 (12) | 0.0247 (4) | |
H9A | 0.569547 | 0.783399 | 0.362311 | 0.037* | |
H9B | 0.702595 | 0.735539 | 0.424348 | 0.037* | |
H9C | 0.704146 | 0.918410 | 0.455081 | 0.037* | |
C10 | 0.5121 (2) | 0.6831 (2) | 0.56248 (12) | 0.0205 (4) | |
H10 | 0.405767 | 0.630379 | 0.589848 | 0.025* | |
C11 | 0.6774 (2) | 0.7027 (2) | 0.60690 (12) | 0.0202 (4) | |
C12 | 0.6825 (2) | 0.6480 (2) | 0.69292 (12) | 0.0209 (4) | |
C13 | 1.0069 (2) | 0.7763 (2) | 0.68538 (11) | 0.0205 (4) | |
C14 | 0.9120 (3) | 0.6611 (2) | 0.81891 (12) | 0.0219 (4) | |
H14A | 1.023556 | 0.636832 | 0.819487 | 0.026* | |
H14B | 0.804135 | 0.560647 | 0.826837 | 0.026* | |
C15 | 0.9511 (2) | 0.8128 (2) | 0.89771 (12) | 0.0216 (4) | |
C16 | 0.5125 (4) | 0.2659 (4) | 0.88746 (18) | 0.0598 (8) | |
H23A | 0.567974 | 0.194312 | 0.854014 | 0.072* | 0.527 (18) |
H23B | 0.417894 | 0.270682 | 0.842774 | 0.072* | 0.527 (18) |
H23C | 0.549421 | 0.216468 | 0.831071 | 0.072* | 0.473 (18) |
H23D | 0.392714 | 0.271243 | 0.869063 | 0.072* | 0.473 (18) |
C17A | 0.4217 (9) | 0.1943 (9) | 0.9644 (5) | 0.0350 (15) | 0.527 (18) |
H17A | 0.310396 | 0.216499 | 0.973800 | 0.042* | 0.527 (18) |
H17B | 0.382241 | 0.070510 | 0.950344 | 0.042* | 0.527 (18) |
C17B | 0.488 (2) | 0.1633 (11) | 0.9496 (7) | 0.060 (3) | 0.473 (18) |
H17C | 0.552732 | 0.089741 | 0.934860 | 0.072* | 0.473 (18) |
H17D | 0.351948 | 0.090610 | 0.946041 | 0.072* | 0.473 (18) |
C18 | 0.5744 (3) | 0.2870 (3) | 1.04731 (17) | 0.0464 (6) | |
H18A | 0.630209 | 0.212733 | 1.062407 | 0.056* | 0.527 (18) |
H18B | 0.524111 | 0.325978 | 1.101486 | 0.056* | 0.527 (18) |
H18C | 0.479995 | 0.315917 | 1.077251 | 0.056* | 0.473 (18) |
H18D | 0.632966 | 0.241116 | 1.087953 | 0.056* | 0.473 (18) |
C19 | 0.7190 (3) | 0.4355 (3) | 1.02201 (16) | 0.0432 (6) | |
H19A | 0.736439 | 0.542873 | 1.065185 | 0.052* | |
H19B | 0.841615 | 0.429460 | 1.025572 | 0.052* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
S1 | 0.0178 (2) | 0.0277 (3) | 0.0187 (2) | 0.00755 (18) | 0.00495 (16) | 0.00898 (17) |
S2 | 0.0177 (2) | 0.0326 (3) | 0.0258 (2) | 0.0071 (2) | 0.00239 (17) | 0.00938 (19) |
O1 | 0.0207 (6) | 0.0323 (8) | 0.0260 (7) | 0.0062 (6) | 0.0074 (5) | 0.0127 (6) |
O2 | 0.0340 (7) | 0.0270 (7) | 0.0193 (6) | 0.0155 (6) | 0.0014 (5) | 0.0059 (5) |
O3 | 0.0381 (8) | 0.0300 (8) | 0.0192 (6) | 0.0180 (6) | −0.0001 (5) | 0.0061 (6) |
O4 | 0.0537 (11) | 0.0545 (11) | 0.0353 (9) | −0.0034 (9) | 0.0028 (8) | 0.0182 (8) |
N1 | 0.0194 (7) | 0.0214 (8) | 0.0166 (7) | 0.0071 (6) | 0.0036 (5) | 0.0057 (6) |
C1 | 0.0263 (9) | 0.0293 (10) | 0.0216 (9) | 0.0131 (8) | 0.0018 (7) | 0.0066 (7) |
C2 | 0.0180 (9) | 0.0275 (10) | 0.0253 (9) | 0.0076 (8) | 0.0024 (7) | 0.0034 (8) |
C3 | 0.0198 (9) | 0.0225 (9) | 0.0232 (9) | 0.0078 (7) | 0.0070 (7) | 0.0066 (7) |
C4 | 0.0203 (8) | 0.0209 (9) | 0.0193 (8) | 0.0099 (7) | 0.0042 (7) | 0.0031 (7) |
C5 | 0.0186 (8) | 0.0215 (9) | 0.0258 (9) | 0.0070 (7) | 0.0028 (7) | 0.0050 (7) |
C6 | 0.0262 (9) | 0.0234 (10) | 0.0253 (9) | 0.0099 (8) | 0.0052 (7) | 0.0090 (7) |
C7 | 0.0221 (9) | 0.0193 (9) | 0.0213 (9) | 0.0071 (7) | 0.0058 (7) | 0.0060 (7) |
C8 | 0.0212 (9) | 0.0176 (9) | 0.0202 (8) | 0.0066 (7) | 0.0033 (7) | 0.0034 (7) |
C9 | 0.0221 (9) | 0.0326 (11) | 0.0214 (9) | 0.0123 (8) | 0.0055 (7) | 0.0100 (8) |
C10 | 0.0192 (8) | 0.0191 (9) | 0.0206 (8) | 0.0059 (7) | 0.0052 (7) | 0.0047 (7) |
C11 | 0.0203 (9) | 0.0189 (9) | 0.0191 (8) | 0.0062 (7) | 0.0059 (7) | 0.0047 (7) |
C12 | 0.0213 (9) | 0.0203 (9) | 0.0184 (8) | 0.0073 (7) | 0.0032 (7) | 0.0035 (7) |
C13 | 0.0230 (9) | 0.0201 (9) | 0.0169 (8) | 0.0085 (7) | 0.0042 (7) | 0.0038 (7) |
C14 | 0.0235 (9) | 0.0240 (10) | 0.0192 (8) | 0.0099 (8) | 0.0039 (7) | 0.0086 (7) |
C15 | 0.0195 (8) | 0.0255 (10) | 0.0192 (8) | 0.0080 (7) | 0.0042 (7) | 0.0086 (7) |
C16 | 0.0499 (15) | 0.0590 (18) | 0.0409 (14) | 0.0004 (13) | 0.0085 (12) | 0.0025 (12) |
C17A | 0.030 (3) | 0.028 (3) | 0.048 (3) | 0.012 (2) | 0.012 (2) | 0.012 (2) |
C17B | 0.062 (7) | 0.034 (4) | 0.054 (4) | −0.006 (3) | −0.012 (4) | 0.014 (3) |
C18 | 0.0434 (13) | 0.0515 (15) | 0.0429 (13) | 0.0158 (12) | 0.0087 (10) | 0.0195 (11) |
C19 | 0.0423 (13) | 0.0387 (13) | 0.0438 (13) | 0.0125 (11) | −0.0052 (10) | 0.0158 (10) |
S1—C13 | 1.7485 (18) | C9—H9A | 0.9800 |
S1—C11 | 1.7580 (18) | C9—H9B | 0.9800 |
S2—C13 | 1.6391 (18) | C9—H9C | 0.9800 |
O1—C12 | 1.211 (2) | C10—C11 | 1.350 (2) |
O2—C15 | 1.218 (2) | C10—H10 | 0.9500 |
O3—C15 | 1.314 (2) | C11—C12 | 1.481 (2) |
O3—H3O | 0.92 (3) | C14—C15 | 1.506 (2) |
O4—C16 | 1.401 (3) | C14—H14A | 0.9900 |
O4—C19 | 1.416 (3) | C14—H14B | 0.9900 |
N1—C13 | 1.368 (2) | C16—C17B | 1.414 (8) |
N1—C12 | 1.400 (2) | C16—C17A | 1.522 (7) |
N1—C14 | 1.455 (2) | C16—H23A | 0.9900 |
C1—C6 | 1.387 (3) | C16—H23B | 0.9900 |
C1—C2 | 1.389 (3) | C16—H23C | 0.9900 |
C1—H1 | 0.9500 | C16—H23D | 0.9900 |
C2—C3 | 1.386 (3) | C17A—C18 | 1.492 (7) |
C2—H2 | 0.9500 | C17A—H17A | 0.9900 |
C3—C4 | 1.402 (2) | C17A—H17B | 0.9900 |
C3—H3 | 0.9500 | C17B—C18 | 1.549 (9) |
C4—C5 | 1.405 (3) | C17B—H17C | 0.9900 |
C4—C7 | 1.465 (2) | C17B—H17D | 0.9900 |
C5—C6 | 1.388 (3) | C18—C19 | 1.499 (3) |
C5—H5 | 0.9500 | C18—H18A | 0.9900 |
C6—H6 | 0.9500 | C18—H18B | 0.9900 |
C7—C8 | 1.357 (2) | C18—H18C | 0.9900 |
C7—H7 | 0.9500 | C18—H18D | 0.9900 |
C8—C10 | 1.450 (2) | C19—H19A | 0.9900 |
C8—C9 | 1.504 (2) | C19—H19B | 0.9900 |
C13—S1—C11 | 92.63 (8) | C15—C14—H14A | 109.5 |
C15—O3—H3O | 111.2 (18) | N1—C14—H14B | 109.5 |
C16—O4—C19 | 109.06 (19) | C15—C14—H14B | 109.5 |
C13—N1—C12 | 117.09 (14) | H14A—C14—H14B | 108.1 |
C13—N1—C14 | 122.23 (14) | O2—C15—O3 | 124.76 (17) |
C12—N1—C14 | 120.44 (14) | O2—C15—C14 | 122.99 (16) |
C6—C1—C2 | 119.91 (17) | O3—C15—C14 | 112.25 (15) |
C6—C1—H1 | 120.0 | O4—C16—C17B | 109.1 (4) |
C2—C1—H1 | 120.0 | O4—C16—C17A | 106.1 (3) |
C3—C2—C1 | 119.45 (17) | O4—C16—H23A | 110.5 |
C3—C2—H2 | 120.3 | C17A—C16—H23A | 110.5 |
C1—C2—H2 | 120.3 | O4—C16—H23B | 110.5 |
C2—C3—C4 | 121.68 (17) | C17A—C16—H23B | 110.5 |
C2—C3—H3 | 119.2 | H23A—C16—H23B | 108.7 |
C4—C3—H3 | 119.2 | O4—C16—H23C | 109.9 |
C3—C4—C5 | 117.91 (16) | C17B—C16—H23C | 109.9 |
C3—C4—C7 | 117.98 (16) | O4—C16—H23D | 109.9 |
C5—C4—C7 | 124.08 (16) | C17B—C16—H23D | 109.9 |
C6—C5—C4 | 120.33 (17) | H23C—C16—H23D | 108.3 |
C6—C5—H5 | 119.8 | C18—C17A—C16 | 103.6 (4) |
C4—C5—H5 | 119.8 | C18—C17A—H17A | 111.0 |
C1—C6—C5 | 120.68 (17) | C16—C17A—H17A | 111.0 |
C1—C6—H6 | 119.7 | C18—C17A—H17B | 111.0 |
C5—C6—H6 | 119.7 | C16—C17A—H17B | 111.0 |
C8—C7—C4 | 130.30 (16) | H17A—C17A—H17B | 109.0 |
C8—C7—H7 | 114.9 | C16—C17B—C18 | 106.1 (6) |
C4—C7—H7 | 114.9 | C16—C17B—H17C | 110.5 |
C7—C8—C10 | 116.00 (16) | C18—C17B—H17C | 110.5 |
C7—C8—C9 | 124.99 (16) | C16—C17B—H17D | 110.5 |
C10—C8—C9 | 118.99 (15) | C18—C17B—H17D | 110.5 |
C8—C9—H9A | 109.5 | H17C—C17B—H17D | 108.7 |
C8—C9—H9B | 109.5 | C17A—C18—C19 | 105.8 (3) |
H9A—C9—H9B | 109.5 | C19—C18—C17B | 99.5 (4) |
C8—C9—H9C | 109.5 | C17A—C18—H18A | 110.6 |
H9A—C9—H9C | 109.5 | C19—C18—H18A | 110.6 |
H9B—C9—H9C | 109.5 | C17A—C18—H18B | 110.6 |
C11—C10—C8 | 130.49 (16) | C19—C18—H18B | 110.6 |
C11—C10—H10 | 114.8 | H18A—C18—H18B | 108.7 |
C8—C10—H10 | 114.8 | C19—C18—H18C | 111.9 |
C10—C11—C12 | 119.76 (16) | C17B—C18—H18C | 111.9 |
C10—C11—S1 | 130.59 (14) | C19—C18—H18D | 111.9 |
C12—C11—S1 | 109.55 (12) | C17B—C18—H18D | 111.9 |
O1—C12—N1 | 122.83 (16) | H18C—C18—H18D | 109.6 |
O1—C12—C11 | 127.15 (16) | O4—C19—C18 | 107.68 (19) |
N1—C12—C11 | 110.02 (14) | O4—C19—H19A | 110.2 |
N1—C13—S2 | 126.39 (13) | C18—C19—H19A | 110.2 |
N1—C13—S1 | 110.58 (12) | O4—C19—H19B | 110.2 |
S2—C13—S1 | 123.03 (11) | C18—C19—H19B | 110.2 |
N1—C14—C15 | 110.82 (14) | H19A—C19—H19B | 108.5 |
N1—C14—H14A | 109.5 | ||
C6—C1—C2—C3 | −0.1 (3) | S1—C11—C12—O1 | −179.34 (16) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | −1.5 (3) | C10—C11—C12—N1 | −175.57 (16) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | 2.3 (3) | S1—C11—C12—N1 | 1.19 (18) |
C2—C3—C4—C7 | −179.45 (16) | C12—N1—C13—S2 | 176.88 (13) |
C3—C4—C5—C6 | −1.6 (3) | C14—N1—C13—S2 | 2.6 (2) |
C7—C4—C5—C6 | −179.72 (16) | C12—N1—C13—S1 | −3.58 (19) |
C2—C1—C6—C5 | 0.8 (3) | C14—N1—C13—S1 | −177.86 (13) |
C4—C5—C6—C1 | 0.1 (3) | C11—S1—C13—N1 | 3.52 (13) |
C3—C4—C7—C8 | 153.36 (19) | C11—S1—C13—S2 | −176.92 (12) |
C5—C4—C7—C8 | −28.5 (3) | C13—N1—C14—C15 | 83.7 (2) |
C4—C7—C8—C10 | 178.50 (17) | C12—N1—C14—C15 | −90.43 (19) |
C4—C7—C8—C9 | −2.9 (3) | N1—C14—C15—O2 | 12.6 (2) |
C7—C8—C10—C11 | −175.15 (18) | N1—C14—C15—O3 | −167.93 (14) |
C9—C8—C10—C11 | 6.1 (3) | C19—O4—C16—C17B | −1.1 (9) |
C8—C10—C11—C12 | 178.17 (17) | C19—O4—C16—C17A | 27.9 (4) |
C8—C10—C11—S1 | 2.2 (3) | O4—C16—C17A—C18 | −26.5 (6) |
C13—S1—C11—C10 | 173.64 (18) | O4—C16—C17B—C18 | 18.8 (13) |
C13—S1—C11—C12 | −2.65 (13) | C16—C17A—C18—C19 | 15.4 (6) |
C13—N1—C12—O1 | −177.95 (16) | C16—C17B—C18—C19 | −27.6 (12) |
C14—N1—C12—O1 | −3.6 (3) | C16—O4—C19—C18 | −17.9 (3) |
C13—N1—C12—C11 | 1.5 (2) | C17A—C18—C19—O4 | 0.3 (4) |
C14—N1—C12—C11 | 175.94 (14) | C17B—C18—C19—O4 | 27.2 (7) |
C10—C11—C12—O1 | 3.9 (3) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O3—H3O···O2i | 0.92 (3) | 1.73 (3) | 2.6440 (18) | 175 (3) |
C14—H14B···O4 | 0.99 | 2.26 | 3.127 (2) | 145 |
C2—H2···O1ii | 0.95 | 2.51 | 3.389 (2) | 154 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+2, −y+2, −z+2; (ii) −x, −y+1, −z+1. |
Acknowledgements
We wish to thank Professor Hiromasa Nagase (Hoshi University) for the technical assistance during the single-crystal X-ray measurement.
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