Synthesis, X-ray diffraction and Hirshfeld surface analysis of two new hybrid dihydrate compounds: (C6H22N4)[SnCl6]Cl2·2H2O and (C8H24N4)[SnCl6]Cl2·2H2O

Bouchene, R.; Lecheheb, Z.; Belhouas, R.; Bouacida, S.

doi:10.1107/S2056989018001044

research communications

CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC
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ISSN: 2056-9890

Volume 74| Part 2| February 2018| Pages 206-211

https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989018001044

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Synthesis, X-ray diffraction and Hirshfeld surface analysis of two new hybrid dihydrate compounds: (C₆H₂₂N₄)[SnCl₆]Cl₂·2H₂O and (C₈H₂₄N₄)[SnCl₆]Cl₂·2H₂O

Rafika Bouchene,^a Zohir Lecheheb,^b Ratiba Belhouas ^b and Sofiane Bouacida ^b,^a ^*

^aDépartement Sciences de la Matière, Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Oum El Bouaghi 04000, Algeria, and ^bUnité de Recherche de Chimie de l'Environnement et Moléculaire Structurale, CHEMS, Faculté des Sciences Exactes, Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine, 25000, Algeria
^*Correspondence e-mail: bouacida_sofiane@yahoo.fr

Edited by B. Therrien, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland (Received 20 December 2017; accepted 17 January 2018; online 26 January 2018)

Two new organic–inorganic hybrid compounds, triethylenetetraammonium hexachloridostannate (IV) dichloride dihydrate, (C₆H₂₂N₄)[SnCl₆]Cl₂·2H₂O, (I), and 1,4-bis(2-ammonioethyl)piperazin-1,4-diium hexachloridostannate (IV) dichloride dihydrate, (C₈H₂₄N₄)[SnCl₆]Cl₂·2H₂O, (II), have been synthesized from the same starting materials. In each case both the cations and anions are located about inversion centers. Their crystal structures exhibits alternating inorganic and organic stacking sheets in (I) and layers in (II), with Cl⁻ ions and water molecules occupying the space in between. The cohesion of the three-dimensional frameworks are governed by N—H⋯Cl, N—H⋯O, C—H⋯Cl and O—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds. Hirshfeld surface analysis of both crystal structures indicates that the H⋯Cl/Cl⋯H contacts exert an important influence on the stabilization of the packing.

Keywords: crystal structure; stannate complex; hybrid compound; polyamine; Hirshfeld surface analysis.

CCDC references: 1817660; 1817659

1. Chemical context

The introduction of organic components into inorganic systems, to form organic–inorganic hybrid materials, has attracted considerable attention since one would expect new properties that are absent in either of their building blocks (Boopathi et al., 2017 ; Newman et al., 1989 ; Chun & Jung, 2009 ). Moreover, halogenostannate hybrid compounds containing protonated amine cations have received considerable attention thanks to their interesting physical and chemical properties, such as magnetic, electroluminescence, photoluminescence and conductivity, which could lead to technological innovations (Aruta et al., 2005 ; Chouaib et al., 2015 ; Papavassiliou et al., 1999 ; Yin & Yo, 1998 ). Their structures are generally characterized by isolated or connected chains or clusters of MX₆ octahedra separated by the cations.

In this category of materials, the organic moieties, balancing the negative charge on the inorganic parts, usually act as structure-directing agents and greatly affect the structure and the dimensionality of the supramolecular framework (Díaz et al., 2006 ; Hannon et al., 2002 ). Furthermore, the experimental conditions employed, such as the solvent, temperature and crystallization method, can also have an important impact on the structure of the final assembly.

As an extension of our previous studies on hybrid N-containing organic halogenometalate materials (Bouacida et al., 2007 , 2009 ; Bouchene et al., 2014 ), a flexible aliphatic amino template, triethylenetetraamine (TETA), was reacted with SnCl₂ in HCl-acidified aqueous solution. By controlling the temperature, two new organic–inorganic hybrid compounds, triethylenetetraammonium hexachloridostannate(IV) dichloride dihydrate, (C₆H₂₂N₄)[SnCl₆]Cl₂·2H₂O (I), and 1,4-bis(2-ammonioethyl)piperazin-1,4-ium, hexachloridostannate (IV) dichloride dihydrate, (C₈H₂₄N₄)[SnCl₆]Cl₂·2H₂O (II), were obtained.

Commercial triethylenetetramine is a mixture of linear TETA (typically 60%) and other branched or cyclic TETA, with close boiling points, such as tris-(2-aminoethyl)amine), 1,4-bis(2-aminoethyl)piperazine, (Bis AEP), and N-[(2-aminoethyl)2-aminoethyl]piperazine). Piperazine derivatives are relatively more volatile than the corresponding linear polyethylene amines (Hutchinson et al., 1945 ).

The syntheses of (I) and (II) were carried out with the same starting materials but under different reaction temperatures [343 K for (I) and room temperature for (II)]. Surprinsingly, compound (II) was obtained from the reaction of cyclic 1,4-bis(2-aminoethyl)piperazine molecules with SnCl₂ salt. Under very mild reaction conditions, we believe that (Bis AEP) is present as an impurity in commercial TETA based on the fact that rearrangement reactions of aliphatic chelating polyamines require high pressure and temperature (Liu et al., 2015 ). Similar undesired reactions have occurred with the same organic cation (Cukrowski et al., 2012 ; Junk & Smith, 2005 ; Jiang et al., 2009 ; Ye et al., 2002 ).

2. Structural commentary

The asymmetric unit of (I) consists of one half of a [TETA]⁴⁺ cation, one half of an inorganic [SnCl₆]^{2- di}anion, one Cl⁻ ion and one molecule of water (Fig. 1). The [TETA]⁴⁺ cation is located about a center of symmetry situated at the middle of the central –CH₂—CH₂– bond. The hexachloridostannate(IV) dianion [SnCl₆]²⁻, lying on a centre of inversion, exhibits a nearly perfect octahedral coordination sphere with Sn—Cl bond lengths ranging from 2.4114 (6) to 2.4469 (6) Å and Cl—Sn—Cl bond angles between 88.94 (2) and 91.06 (2)°.

Figure 1
The molecular structure of compound (I)

, with the atom-numbering scheme for the asymmetric unit. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level. Only one Cl⁻ anion and one water molecule are shown. [Symmetry codes: (i) −x + 1, −y + 2, −z + 1; (ii) −x + 1, −y + 1, −z + 1.]

The asymmetric unit of compound (II) contains one half of a [Bis AEP]⁴⁺ cation, one independent molecule of water, one Cl⁻ ion and half of an [SnCl₆]²⁻dianion lying on a centre of inversion (Fig. 2). The [Bis AEP]⁴⁺ cation is also located about a center of symmetry situated at the center of the piperazin-1,4-diium ring. The nearly perfect octahedral coordination around the Sn^IV atom is characterized by Sn—Cl bond lengths varying from 2.4265 (6) to 2.4331 (6) Å and Cl—Sn—Cl bond angles ranging from 88.55 (2) to 91.45 (2)° for the cis angles [180° for trans angles]. The organic part is totally protonated and the piperazinium portion adopts a chair conformation, with both ammonioethyl groups being in equatorial positions.

Figure 2
The molecular structure of compound (II)

3. Supramolecular features

The crystal structure of (I) has an arrangement that can be described as alternating organic [TETA]⁴⁺ and inorganic [SnCl₆]²⁻ sheets extending along the a-axis direction. The organic cations in adjacent chains are oriented in opposite directions, forming antiparallel sheets. The isolated chloride ions Cl⁻ and the water molecules are located in the otherwise empty space between the sheets (Fig. 3).

Figure 3
Projection of the crystal packing of (I)

wit dashed lines representing hydrogen bonds.

The crystal packing of (I) is supported by N—H⋯Cl, N—H⋯OW and C—H⋯Cl hydrogen-bonding interactions (Table 1). The NH₃⁺ group as well as the NH₂⁺ group of [TETA]⁴⁺ act as hydrogen-bond donors. The D⋯A distances for the NH₃⁺ group range from 2.980 (4) to 3.255 (3) Å, while D⋯A distances of 3.026 (2) to 3.452 (2) Å are found for the NH²⁺ group. The water molecules play an important role in stabilizing the crystal packing of (I) because of their strong ability to form hydrogen bonds with both hydrogen-bond donors and acceptors. By acting as hydrogen-bond donors, they bridge isolated Cl⁻ anions and [SnCl₆]²⁻ dianions via O1W—H1W⋯Cl4 and O1W–-H2W⋯Cl2 hydrogen bonds with a H⋯Cl distances of 2.60 (5) and 2.82 (5) Å, respectively. Additionally, by playing the role of acceptors, the water molecules link the inorganic moieties with the organic cations through N1⁺—H1B⋯O1W and N1⁺—H1C⋯O1W charge-assisted hydrogen bonds with H⋯O distances of 2.09 and 2.25 Å, respectively.

Table 1
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °) for (I)

D—H⋯A	D—H	H⋯A	D⋯A	D—H⋯A
N1—H1A⋯Cl4	0.89	2.30	3.172 (2)	167
N1—H1B⋯O1W	0.89	2.09	2.980 (4)	179
N1—H1C⋯Cl1ⁱ	0.89	2.75	3.255 (3)	117
N1—H1C⋯O1Wⁱⁱ	0.89	2.25	3.037 (4)	147
O1W—H1W⋯Cl4ⁱⁱⁱ	0.75 (4)	2.60 (5)	3.281 (3)	151 (4)
O1W—H2W⋯Cl2ⁱ	0.72 (5)	2.82 (5)	3.422 (3)	144 (4)
N4—H4A⋯Cl2ⁱⁱ	0.90	2.50	3.2225 (19)	138
N4—H4A⋯Cl1^iv	0.90	2.75	3.452 (2)	136
N4—H4B⋯Cl4	0.90	2.13	3.026 (2)	173
C5—H5B⋯Cl1^v	0.97	2.76	3.445 (3)	128
Symmetry codes: (i) $[x-1, -y+{\script{3\over 2}}, z-{\script{1\over 2}}]$ ; (ii) $[x, -y+{\script{3\over 2}}, z+{\script{1\over 2}}]$ ; (iii) -x, -y+1, -z; (iv) $[-x+1, y-{\script{1\over 2}}, -z+{\script{3\over 2}}]$ ; (v) $[x, -y+{\script{3\over 2}}, z-{\script{1\over 2}}]$ .

In (II), the isolated chloride ions, located between the [Bis AEP]⁴⁺ cations, are joined to their adjacent water molecules through strong OW—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, leading to a hydrogen-bonding pattern with a R₂⁴(8) ring motif. The resulting rings, comprising N1⁺—H1B⋯O1W and C6—H5B⋯Cl4 hydrogen bonds, promote the formation of sheets of cations aligned parallel to the ( $[\overline{1}]$ 1 0) plane (Table 2, Fig. 4). These sheets are linked to each other by charge-assisted iminium-N4⁺—H4⋯Cl4 hydrogen bonds, leading to the formation of organic layers parallel to the ab plane. The inorganic layers are built up from isolated [SnCl₆]²⁻ octahedra and alternate with the organic planes along the c-axis direction. Each anion is hydrogen bonded to adjacent organic cations through atoms N1 and C2 acting as donors of N—H⋯Cl and C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds with N⋯Cl distances varying from 3.343 (2) to 3.431 (2) Å and the C⋯Cl distances of 3.715 (3) Å.

Table 2
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °) for (II)

D—H⋯A	D—H	H⋯A	D⋯A	D—H⋯A
N1—H1A⋯Cl3ⁱ	0.89	2.71	3.397 (2)	134
N1—H1A⋯Cl2ⁱⁱ	0.89	2.81	3.431 (2)	128
N1—H1B⋯Cl1ⁱⁱⁱ	0.89	2.47	3.343 (2)	167
N1—H1C⋯O1Wⁱ	0.89	1.92	2.769 (4)	158
O1W—H1W⋯Cl4^iv	0.83 (2)	2.30 (3)	3.079 (3)	158 (6)
O1W—H2W⋯Cl4	0.83 (4)	2.67 (5)	3.246 (3)	128 (5)
N4—H4⋯Cl4	0.85 (4)	2.24 (4)	3.073 (2)	164 (3)
C2—H2B⋯Cl1	0.97	2.79	3.715 (3)	160
C6—H6A⋯Cl4^v	0.97	2.70	3.506 (3)	141
Symmetry codes: (i) x-1, y-1, z; (ii) -x, -y, -z; (iii) -x, -y+1, -z; (iv) -x+1, -y+2, -z+1; (v) x+1, y, z.

Figure 4
Detail of the hydrogen-bonding interactions in the crystal structure of (II)

. Hydrogen bonds are shown as green dashed lines.

4. Hirshfeld surface analysis

The intermolecular interactions of the obtained structures have been quantified using Hirshfeld surface analysis. CrystalExplorer software (Wolff et al., 2007 ) was used to generate the Hirshfeld surface and two-dimensional fingerprint (FP) plots. The analysis of the intermolecular interactions through the mapping of d_norm is permitted by the contact distances d_i and d_e from the Hirshfeld surface to the nearest atom inside and outside, respectively. The surface mapped over d_norm displays red spots that correspond to contacts shorter than the sum of the van der Waals radii, as shown in Fig. 5.

Figure 5
A view of the Hirshfeld surface mapped over d_norm and two-dimensional fingerprint plots for compounds (I)

and (II)

In compounds (I) and (II), isolated Cl atoms act as potential acceptors for hydrogen bonds; this explains why the greatest contribution to the Hirshfeld surface [65.9% for (I) and 59.8% for (II)] is from the H⋯Cl/Cl⋯H contacts. As expected in organic compounds, the H⋯H contacts are the second important contribution, i.e. 24.8% and 30.7% for (I) and (II), respectively. It is evident that van der Waals forces exert an important influence on the stabilization of the packing in the crystal structure. Since both compounds are hydrated, the fingerprint plots also show H⋯O/O⋯H contacts that contribute less to the Hirshfeld surfaces, making contributions of 9.3 and 9.5%, respectively.

5. Database survey

A search of the Cambridge Structural Database (Version 5.38, update May 2017; Groom et al., 2016 ) revealed no obvious analogues of (I) and (II) in the crystallographic literature. The structures of related hydrated salts with the same cations, i.e. triethylenetetraminium bis(sulfate) monohydrate, (C₆H₂₂N₄)SO₄·H₂O (III), and bis(2-ammonioethyl)piperazin-1,4-ium tetraperchlorate tetrahydrate, (C₈H₂₄N₄)₄ClO₄·4H₂O (IV), have been reported (Fu et al., 2005 ; Ye et al., 2002). Compound (III) was obtained indirectly by a hydrothermal synthesis using a mixture of ferric sulfate nonahydrate and triethylenetetraamine. The ionic product (IV) was also an unexpected product from the reaction between triethylenetetramine and perchloric acid. The cationic portion of the structure adopts a chair conformation and the experimental distances are close to those for the neutral ligand.

6. Synthesis and crystallization

All chemicals were used without further purification. A solution of an aqueous mixture of tin chloride (SnCl₂) and tetraethylenetetraamine in an HCl-acidified medium with a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1 was refluxed for one h at 343 K for (I) and room temperature for (II). After two weeks of slow solvent evaporation, single crystals suitable for X-ray analysis were obtained.

7. Refinement

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 3. Approximate positions for all H atoms were first obtained from difference-Fourier maps. H atoms were then placed idealized positions and refined using the riding-atom approximation: C—H = 0.93 Å and N—H = 0.86 Å, with U_iso(H) = 1.2U_eq(C,N). H atoms of the water molecule were located in a difference-Fourier map and refined with U_iso(H) = 1.5U_eq(O).

Table 3
Experimental details

	(I)	(II)
Crystal data
Chemical formula	(C₆H₂₂N₄)[SnCl₆]Cl₂·2H₂O	(C₈H₂₄N₄)[SnCl₆]Cl₂·2H₂O
M_r	588.62	614.65
Crystal system, space group	Monoclinic, P2₁/c	Triclinic, P $[\overline{1}]$
Temperature (K)	295	295
a, b, c (Å)	8.7573 (2), 12.8372 (3), 9.7103 (2)	7.0856 (2), 7.3269 (2), 12.1624 (4)
α, β, γ (°)	90, 107.265 (1), 90	93.614 (2), 101.357 (1), 117.021 (2)
V (Å³)	1042.44 (4)	543.01 (3)
Z	2	1
Radiation type	Mo Kα	Mo Kα
μ (mm⁻¹)	2.26	2.17
Crystal size (mm)	0.12 × 0.04 × 0.03	0.13 × 0.12 × 0.11

Data collection
Diffractometer	Nonius KappaCCD	Nonius KappaCCD
Absorption correction	Multi-scan (SADABS; Krause et al., 2015 )	Multi-scan (SADABS; Krause et al., 2015)
T_min, T_max	0.665, 0.871	0.745, 0.893
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections	4666, 2394, 2133	4329, 2494, 2319
R_int	0.016	0.014
(sin θ/λ)_max (Å⁻¹)	0.650	0.650

Refinement
R[F² > 2σ(F²)], wR(F²), S	0.027, 0.065, 1.17	0.025, 0.064, 1.13
No. of reflections	2394	2494
No. of parameters	104	117
No. of restraints	0	2
H-atom treatment	H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement	H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
Δρ_max, Δρ_min (e Å⁻³)	0.84, −0.75	0.61, −0.65
Computer programs: COLLECT (Nonius, 1998 ), DENZO and SCALEPACK (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997 ), SHELXS97 and SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008 ), ORTEP-3 for Windows and WinGX (Farrugia, 2012 ) and DIAMOND (Brandenburg & Berndt, 2001 ).

Supporting information

CCDC references: 1817660; 1817659

Crystal structure: contains datablocks global, I, II. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989018001044/tx2003sup1.cif

checkCIF report

Computing details top

For both structures, data collection: COLLECT (Nonius, 199); cell refinement: SCALEPACK (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997); data reduction: DENZO and SCALEPACK (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 2012) and DIAMOND (Brandenburg & Berndt, 2001); software used to prepare material for publication: WinGX (Farrugia, 2012).

Triethylenetetraammonium hexachloridostannate(IV) dichloride dihydrate (I) top

Crystal data top

(C₆H₂₂N₄)[SnCl₆]Cl₂·2H₂O	F(000) = 584
M_r = 588.62	D_x = 1.875 Mg m⁻³
Monoclinic, P2₁/c	Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: -P 2ybc	Cell parameters from 2499 reflections
a = 8.7573 (2) Å	θ = 2.9–27.5°
b = 12.8372 (3) Å	µ = 2.26 mm⁻¹
c = 9.7103 (2) Å	T = 295 K
β = 107.265 (1)°	Needle, colorless
V = 1042.44 (4) Å³	0.12 × 0.04 × 0.03 mm
Z = 2

Data collection top

Nonius KappaCCD diffractometer	2394 independent reflections
Radiation source: Enraf Nonius FR590	2133 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromator	R_int = 0.016
Detector resolution: 9 pixels mm^-1	θ_max = 27.5°, θ_min = 3.2°
CCD rotation images, thick slices scans	h = −11→11
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Krause et al., 2015)	k = −16→16
T_min = 0.665, T_max = 0.871	l = −12→12
4666 measured reflections

Refinement top

Refinement on F²	Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: full	Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F² > 2σ(F²)] = 0.027	Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F²) = 0.065	H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
S = 1.17	w = 1/[σ²(F_o²) + (0.023P)² + 0.5523P] where P = (F_o² + 2F_c²)/3
2394 reflections	(Δ/σ)_max = 0.003
104 parameters	Δρ_max = 0.84 e Å⁻³
0 restraints	Δρ_min = −0.75 e Å⁻³

Special details top

Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. Refinement of F² against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F², conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F². The threshold expression of F² > 2sigma(F²) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F² are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	x	y	z	U_iso*/U_eq
Sn1	0.5	1	0.5	0.02085 (8)
Cl3	0.24253 (8)	0.95074 (5)	0.52198 (7)	0.03506 (15)
Cl1	0.63022 (8)	0.88957 (5)	0.70418 (7)	0.03609 (16)
Cl2	0.49558 (7)	0.85219 (5)	0.33975 (6)	0.03185 (15)
N4	0.3155 (2)	0.56699 (15)	0.5183 (2)	0.0258 (4)
H4A	0.3399	0.5572	0.6141	0.031*
H4B	0.2434	0.5182	0.4751	0.031*
C5	0.4621 (3)	0.5521 (2)	0.4738 (3)	0.0339 (6)
H5A	0.5376	0.6075	0.5136	0.041*
H5B	0.4352	0.5552	0.3695	0.041*
O1W	−0.1031 (3)	0.69980 (19)	−0.0541 (3)	0.0483 (6)
H1W	−0.107 (5)	0.657 (3)	−0.108 (5)	0.072*
H2W	−0.183 (6)	0.713 (3)	−0.054 (5)	0.072*
Cl4	0.07323 (11)	0.41040 (6)	0.34986 (8)	0.0520 (2)
N1	0.0113 (3)	0.64761 (18)	0.2588 (3)	0.0431 (6)
H1A	0.0167	0.5788	0.2701	0.065*
H1B	−0.0239	0.6629	0.1653	0.065*
H1C	−0.0557	0.6737	0.3032	0.065*
C2	0.1726 (3)	0.69341 (19)	0.3220 (3)	0.0287 (5)
H2A	0.1665	0.7681	0.3058	0.034*
H2B	0.2446	0.6649	0.2726	0.034*
C3	0.2409 (3)	0.67290 (18)	0.4817 (3)	0.0286 (5)
H3A	0.321	0.7254	0.523	0.034*
H3B	0.1561	0.6804	0.5265	0.034*

Atomic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	U¹¹	U²²	U³³	U¹²	U¹³	U²³
Sn1	0.02192 (13)	0.02125 (13)	0.01970 (13)	−0.00032 (7)	0.00668 (9)	0.00003 (7)
Cl3	0.0287 (3)	0.0335 (3)	0.0469 (4)	−0.0049 (2)	0.0173 (3)	−0.0010 (3)
Cl1	0.0401 (4)	0.0393 (3)	0.0293 (3)	0.0120 (3)	0.0110 (3)	0.0106 (3)
Cl2	0.0358 (3)	0.0287 (3)	0.0298 (3)	0.0001 (2)	0.0079 (3)	−0.0077 (2)
N4	0.0284 (10)	0.0262 (10)	0.0225 (9)	0.0025 (8)	0.0069 (8)	0.0012 (8)
C5	0.0337 (13)	0.0328 (14)	0.0399 (14)	0.0088 (11)	0.0181 (11)	0.0088 (11)
O1W	0.0394 (12)	0.0462 (13)	0.0578 (14)	−0.0046 (10)	0.0122 (11)	−0.0039 (10)
Cl4	0.0690 (5)	0.0346 (4)	0.0455 (4)	−0.0195 (4)	0.0064 (4)	−0.0031 (3)
N1	0.0338 (13)	0.0401 (13)	0.0473 (14)	−0.0031 (10)	−0.0002 (11)	0.0069 (11)
C2	0.0270 (12)	0.0276 (12)	0.0308 (12)	0.0023 (9)	0.0073 (10)	0.0040 (10)
C3	0.0335 (13)	0.0245 (11)	0.0281 (12)	0.0051 (10)	0.0094 (10)	−0.0020 (9)

Geometric parameters (Å, º) top

Sn1—Cl3	2.4114 (6)	C5—H5B	0.97
Sn1—Cl3ⁱ	2.4114 (6)	O1W—H1W	0.75 (4)
Sn1—Cl1	2.4288 (6)	O1W—H2W	0.72 (4)
Sn1—Cl1ⁱ	2.4288 (6)	N1—C2	1.484 (3)
Sn1—Cl2	2.4469 (6)	N1—H1A	0.89
Sn1—Cl2ⁱ	2.4469 (6)	N1—H1B	0.89
N4—C5	1.484 (3)	N1—H1C	0.89
N4—C3	1.505 (3)	C2—C3	1.510 (3)
N4—H4A	0.9	C2—H2A	0.97
N4—H4B	0.9	C2—H2B	0.97
C5—C5ⁱⁱ	1.512 (5)	C3—H3A	0.97
C5—H5A	0.97	C3—H3B	0.97

Cl3—Sn1—Cl3ⁱ	180	C5ⁱⁱ—C5—H5A	109.6
Cl3—Sn1—Cl1	89.97 (2)	N4—C5—H5B	109.6
Cl3ⁱ—Sn1—Cl1	90.03 (2)	C5ⁱⁱ—C5—H5B	109.6
Cl3—Sn1—Cl1ⁱ	90.03 (2)	H5A—C5—H5B	108.1
Cl3ⁱ—Sn1—Cl1ⁱ	89.97 (2)	H1W—O1W—H2W	109 (5)
Cl1—Sn1—Cl1ⁱ	180	C2—N1—H1A	109.5
Cl3—Sn1—Cl2	90.81 (2)	C2—N1—H1B	109.5
Cl3ⁱ—Sn1—Cl2	89.19 (2)	H1A—N1—H1B	109.5
Cl1—Sn1—Cl2	88.94 (2)	C2—N1—H1C	109.5
Cl1ⁱ—Sn1—Cl2	91.06 (2)	H1A—N1—H1C	109.5
Cl3—Sn1—Cl2ⁱ	89.19 (2)	H1B—N1—H1C	109.5
Cl3ⁱ—Sn1—Cl2ⁱ	90.81 (2)	N1—C2—C3	113.2 (2)
Cl1—Sn1—Cl2ⁱ	91.06 (2)	N1—C2—H2A	108.9
Cl1ⁱ—Sn1—Cl2ⁱ	88.94 (2)	C3—C2—H2A	108.9
Cl2—Sn1—Cl2ⁱ	180	N1—C2—H2B	108.9
C5—N4—C3	113.62 (19)	C3—C2—H2B	108.9
C5—N4—H4A	108.8	H2A—C2—H2B	107.8
C3—N4—H4A	108.8	N4—C3—C2	114.31 (19)
C5—N4—H4B	108.8	N4—C3—H3A	108.7
C3—N4—H4B	108.8	C2—C3—H3A	108.7
H4A—N4—H4B	107.7	N4—C3—H3B	108.7
N4—C5—C5ⁱⁱ	110.3 (3)	C2—C3—H3B	108.7
N4—C5—H5A	109.6	H3A—C3—H3B	107.6

C3—N4—C5—C5ⁱⁱ	174.8 (3)	N1—C2—C3—N4	81.1 (3)
C5—N4—C3—C2	66.8 (3)

Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, −y+2, −z+1; (ii) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1.

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top

D—H···A	D—H	H···A	D···A	D—H···A
N1—H1A···Cl4	0.89	2.30	3.172 (2)	167
N1—H1B···O1W	0.89	2.09	2.980 (4)	179
N1—H1C···Cl1ⁱⁱⁱ	0.89	2.75	3.255 (3)	117
N1—H1C···O1W^iv	0.89	2.25	3.037 (4)	147
O1W—H1W···Cl4^v	0.75 (4)	2.60 (5)	3.281 (3)	151 (4)
O1W—H2W···Cl2ⁱⁱⁱ	0.72 (5)	2.82 (5)	3.422 (3)	144 (4)
N4—H4A···Cl2^iv	0.90	2.50	3.2225 (19)	138
N4—H4A···Cl1^vi	0.90	2.75	3.452 (2)	136
N4—H4B···Cl4	0.90	2.13	3.026 (2)	173
C5—H5B···Cl1^vii	0.97	2.76	3.445 (3)	128

Symmetry codes: (iii) x−1, −y+3/2, z−1/2; (iv) x, −y+3/2, z+1/2; (v) −x, −y+1, −z; (vi) −x+1, y−1/2, −z+3/2; (vii) x, −y+3/2, z−1/2.

1,4-Bis(2-ammonioethyl)piperazin-1,4-diium hexachloridostannate(IV) dichloride dihydrate (II) top

Crystal data top

(C₈H₂₄N₄)[SnCl₆]Cl₂·2H₂O	Z = 1
M_r = 614.65	F(000) = 306
Triclinic, P1	D_x = 1.88 Mg m⁻³
Hall symbol: -P 1	Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
a = 7.0856 (2) Å	Cell parameters from 5436 reflections
b = 7.3269 (2) Å	θ = 2.9–27.5°
c = 12.1624 (4) Å	µ = 2.17 mm⁻¹
α = 93.614 (2)°	T = 295 K
β = 101.357 (1)°	Cube, colorless
γ = 117.021 (2)°	0.13 × 0.12 × 0.11 mm
V = 543.01 (3) Å³

Data collection top

Nonius KappaCCD diffractometer	2494 independent reflections
Radiation source: Enraf Nonius FR590	2319 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromator	R_int = 0.014
Detector resolution: 9 pixels mm^-1	θ_max = 27.5°, θ_min = 3.2°
CCD rotation images, thick slices scans	h = −9→9
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Krause et al., 2015)	k = −9→9
T_min = 0.745, T_max = 0.893	l = −15→15
4329 measured reflections

Refinement top

Refinement on F²	Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
Least-squares matrix: full	Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
R[F² > 2σ(F²)] = 0.025	H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
wR(F²) = 0.064	w = 1/[σ²(F_o²) + (0.025P)² + 0.3256P] where P = (F_o² + 2F_c²)/3
S = 1.13	(Δ/σ)_max < 0.001
2494 reflections	Δρ_max = 0.61 e Å⁻³
117 parameters	Δρ_min = −0.65 e Å⁻³
2 restraints	Extinction correction: SHELXL, Fc^*=kFc[1+0.001xFc²λ³/sin(2θ)]^-1/4
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods	Extinction coefficient: 0.033 (2)

Special details top

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	x	y	z	U_iso*/U_eq
Sn1	0.5	0.5	0	0.02689 (10)
Cl3	0.78922 (11)	0.66433 (10)	0.17479 (5)	0.04033 (16)
Cl4	0.17862 (10)	0.75981 (9)	0.44661 (6)	0.03755 (16)
Cl1	0.30602 (10)	0.66732 (10)	0.06748 (5)	0.03706 (15)
Cl2	0.31206 (12)	0.19729 (9)	0.08532 (6)	0.04023 (16)
N4	0.2782 (3)	0.3944 (3)	0.42328 (16)	0.0239 (4)
H4	0.238 (5)	0.484 (5)	0.440 (2)	0.036*
C3	0.0936 (4)	0.2192 (3)	0.33497 (19)	0.0269 (5)
H3A	−0.0176	0.1302	0.3709	0.032*
H3B	0.1481	0.1361	0.3005	0.032*
O1W	0.5368 (4)	1.0237 (5)	0.3102 (2)	0.0736 (8)
H1W	0.579 (9)	1.068 (8)	0.3794 (19)	0.11*
H2W	0.404 (4)	0.939 (7)	0.297 (5)	0.11*
N1	−0.1969 (4)	0.1317 (3)	0.16070 (19)	0.0392 (5)
H1A	−0.1568	0.0426	0.1338	0.059*
H1B	−0.2451	0.1822	0.1035	0.059*
H1C	−0.3032	0.0662	0.195	0.059*
C6	0.6631 (4)	0.6818 (3)	0.4703 (2)	0.0275 (5)
H6A	0.7909	0.7482	0.4404	0.033*
H6B	0.6187	0.7849	0.4884	0.033*
C2	−0.0067 (4)	0.3044 (4)	0.2435 (2)	0.0314 (5)
H2A	−0.0531	0.3943	0.2786	0.038*
H2B	0.1021	0.3864	0.2044	0.038*
C5	0.4795 (4)	0.5058 (4)	0.3805 (2)	0.0284 (5)
H5A	0.4439	0.561	0.3136	0.034*
H5B	0.5277	0.4078	0.3582	0.034*

Atomic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	U¹¹	U²²	U³³	U¹²	U¹³	U²³
Sn1	0.03243 (14)	0.02481 (13)	0.02285 (14)	0.01475 (10)	0.00329 (9)	0.00328 (8)
Cl3	0.0426 (3)	0.0413 (3)	0.0303 (3)	0.0212 (3)	−0.0060 (3)	−0.0003 (3)
Cl4	0.0368 (3)	0.0320 (3)	0.0449 (4)	0.0191 (3)	0.0078 (3)	0.0000 (3)
Cl1	0.0443 (3)	0.0386 (3)	0.0376 (3)	0.0264 (3)	0.0129 (3)	0.0076 (3)
Cl2	0.0553 (4)	0.0302 (3)	0.0372 (3)	0.0189 (3)	0.0180 (3)	0.0115 (2)
N4	0.0235 (9)	0.0253 (9)	0.0233 (9)	0.0133 (7)	0.0031 (7)	0.0029 (7)
C3	0.0272 (10)	0.0248 (10)	0.0255 (11)	0.0120 (9)	0.0016 (9)	0.0030 (8)
O1W	0.0596 (15)	0.087 (2)	0.0444 (14)	0.0113 (14)	0.0113 (12)	0.0132 (14)
N1	0.0456 (12)	0.0386 (12)	0.0278 (11)	0.0211 (10)	−0.0039 (9)	0.0011 (9)
C6	0.0258 (10)	0.0277 (11)	0.0275 (11)	0.0114 (9)	0.0058 (9)	0.0100 (9)
C2	0.0314 (11)	0.0276 (11)	0.0281 (12)	0.0116 (9)	−0.0007 (9)	0.0035 (9)
C5	0.0271 (11)	0.0342 (12)	0.0242 (11)	0.0146 (9)	0.0070 (9)	0.0072 (9)

Geometric parameters (Å, º) top

Sn1—Cl3	2.4265 (6)	O1W—H2W	0.836 (19)
Sn1—Cl3ⁱ	2.4265 (6)	N1—C2	1.479 (3)
Sn1—Cl1ⁱ	2.4319 (6)	N1—H1A	0.89
Sn1—Cl1	2.4319 (6)	N1—H1B	0.89
Sn1—Cl2	2.4331 (6)	N1—H1C	0.89
Sn1—Cl2ⁱ	2.4331 (6)	C6—N4ⁱⁱ	1.500 (3)
N4—C6ⁱⁱ	1.500 (3)	C6—C5	1.512 (3)
N4—C5	1.503 (3)	C6—H6A	0.97
N4—C3	1.503 (3)	C6—H6B	0.97
N4—H4	0.85 (3)	C2—H2A	0.97
C3—C2	1.520 (3)	C2—H2B	0.97
C3—H3A	0.97	C5—H5A	0.97
C3—H3B	0.97	C5—H5B	0.97
O1W—H1W	0.826 (19)

Cl3—Sn1—Cl3ⁱ	180	H3A—C3—H3B	108.1
Cl3—Sn1—Cl1ⁱ	90.31 (2)	H1W—O1W—H2W	106 (5)
Cl3ⁱ—Sn1—Cl1ⁱ	89.69 (2)	C2—N1—H1A	109.5
Cl3—Sn1—Cl1	89.69 (2)	C2—N1—H1B	109.5
Cl3ⁱ—Sn1—Cl1	90.31 (2)	H1A—N1—H1B	109.5
Cl1ⁱ—Sn1—Cl1	180.00 (3)	C2—N1—H1C	109.5
Cl3—Sn1—Cl2	90.42 (2)	H1A—N1—H1C	109.5
Cl3ⁱ—Sn1—Cl2	89.58 (2)	H1B—N1—H1C	109.5
Cl1ⁱ—Sn1—Cl2	88.55 (2)	N4ⁱⁱ—C6—C5	111.57 (18)
Cl1—Sn1—Cl2	91.45 (2)	N4ⁱⁱ—C6—H6A	109.3
Cl3—Sn1—Cl2ⁱ	89.58 (2)	C5—C6—H6A	109.3
Cl3ⁱ—Sn1—Cl2ⁱ	90.42 (2)	N4ⁱⁱ—C6—H6B	109.3
Cl1ⁱ—Sn1—Cl2ⁱ	91.45 (2)	C5—C6—H6B	109.3
Cl1—Sn1—Cl2ⁱ	88.55 (2)	H6A—C6—H6B	108
Cl2—Sn1—Cl2ⁱ	180	N1—C2—C3	110.21 (19)
C6ⁱⁱ—N4—C5	109.02 (17)	N1—C2—H2A	109.6
C6ⁱⁱ—N4—C3	111.27 (17)	C3—C2—H2A	109.6
C5—N4—C3	112.28 (18)	N1—C2—H2B	109.6
C6ⁱⁱ—N4—H4	109 (2)	C3—C2—H2B	109.6
C5—N4—H4	107 (2)	H2A—C2—H2B	108.1
C3—N4—H4	109 (2)	N4—C5—C6	111.52 (19)
N4—C3—C2	110.33 (18)	N4—C5—H5A	109.3
N4—C3—H3A	109.6	C6—C5—H5A	109.3
C2—C3—H3A	109.6	N4—C5—H5B	109.3
N4—C3—H3B	109.6	C6—C5—H5B	109.3
C2—C3—H3B	109.6	H5A—C5—H5B	108

C6ⁱⁱ—N4—C3—C2	163.67 (19)	C6ⁱⁱ—N4—C5—C6	−56.4 (3)
C5—N4—C3—C2	−73.8 (2)	C3—N4—C5—C6	179.86 (18)
N4—C3—C2—N1	−176.51 (19)	N4ⁱⁱ—C6—C5—N4	57.8 (3)

Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, −y+1, −z; (ii) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1.

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top

D—H···A	D—H	H···A	D···A	D—H···A
N1—H1A···Cl3ⁱⁱⁱ	0.89	2.71	3.397 (2)	134
N1—H1A···Cl2^iv	0.89	2.81	3.431 (2)	128
N1—H1B···Cl1^v	0.89	2.47	3.343 (2)	167
N1—H1C···O1Wⁱⁱⁱ	0.89	1.92	2.769 (4)	158
O1W—H1W···Cl4^vi	0.83 (2)	2.30 (3)	3.079 (3)	158 (6)
O1W—H2W···Cl4	0.83 (4)	2.67 (5)	3.246 (3)	128 (5)
N4—H4···Cl4	0.85 (4)	2.24 (4)	3.073 (2)	164 (3)
C2—H2B···Cl1	0.97	2.79	3.715 (3)	160
C6—H6A···Cl4^vii	0.97	2.70	3.506 (3)	141

Symmetry codes: (iii) x−1, y−1, z; (iv) −x, −y, −z; (v) −x, −y+1, −z; (vi) −x+1, −y+2, −z+1; (vii) x+1, y, z.

Funding information

This work is supported by the Unité de Recherche de Chimie de l'Environnement et Moléculaire Structurale, CHEMS, Université de Constantine, Algeria. Thanks are due to MESRS (Ministére de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique – Algérie) for financial support.

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